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"in") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Jurkat") (:form . "Jurkat") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 156) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HeLa") (:form . "HeLa") (:end . 161) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.6.1) (:span 154 156)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.6.2) (:span 140 143)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.6.1) (:span 147 161)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.6.2) (:span 140 167)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.6) (:did . :|91094881|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000013@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, a mutant E6 motif lost both in vitro binding activity and in vivo enhancer activity.@(((:tag . 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(:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.9.1) (:span 38 43)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.9.1) (:span 38 134)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.9) (:did . :|91094881|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000016@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, simian virus 40 enhancer activity was blocked by the MnlI-AluI fragment in HeLa cells but not in B cells.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "simian") (:form . "simian") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "virus") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "40") (:form . "40") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.11.1) (:span 61 69)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.11.1) (:span 61 122)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.11) (:did . :|91094881|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000018@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The NF kappa B independent cis-acting sequences in HIV-1 LTR responsive to T-cell activation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF") (:form . "NF") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "independent") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cis-acting") (:form . "cis-acting") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 192) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.3.1) (:span 48 51)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.3.1) (:span 18 191)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.3) (:did . :|91101115|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000021@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The rate of LTR-directed gene expression increased in response to treatment with either a phorbol ester or tumor necrosis factor alpha if either the NFAT-1 or NF kappa B binding sites were deleted, but failed to respond to these mitogenic stimuli if both sequences were absent.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ltr-directed") (:form . "LTR-directed") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.11) (:did . :|91132035|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000067@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A novel HIV-1 isolate containing alterations affecting the NF-kappa B element.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 7) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV-1") (:form . "HIV-1") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "isolate") (:form . "isolate") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "containing") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alteration") (:form . "alterations") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "affect") (:form . "affecting") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 228) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s11.3) (:did . :|91170801|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000095@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To dissect the molecular basis for the unusual persistent expression of the IL-2 and IL-2-R alpha genes in these IARC 301 T cells, we have analyzed the interactions of constitutively expressed nuclear proteins with the 5' flanking regions of the IL-2 and IL-2-R alpha genes using both DNase I footprinting and gel retardation techniques.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "dissect") (:form . "dissect") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "molecular") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "basis") (:form . 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"the") (:end . 218) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 220) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "'") (:form . "'") (:end . 221) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "flanking") (:form . "flanking") (:end . 230)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 231) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 241) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 245) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2") (:form . "IL-2") (:end . 250) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 254) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2-r") (:form . "IL-2-R") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alpha") (:form . "alpha") (:end . 267)\n (:start . 262) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 273)\n (:start . 268) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 279) (:start . 274)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 284) (:start . 280)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNase") (:form . "DNase") (:end . 290)\n (:start . 285) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "i") (:form . "I") (:end . 292) (:start . 291)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "footprinting") (:form . "footprinting") (:end . 305)\n (:start . 293) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 309) (:start . 306)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gel") (:form . "gel") (:end . 313) (:start . 310)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "retardation") (:form . "retardation") (:end . 325)\n (:start . 314) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "technique") (:form . "techniques") (:end . 336)\n (:start . 326) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 337) (:start . 336)\n (:id . 98)))@@@1@57@((:identifiers (:sid . :s11.4) (:did . :|91170801|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000096@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have found that a region in both genes (-276 to -250 for IL-2-R alpha and -203 to -183 for IL-2), which corresponds to a kappa B enhancer element, is specifically protected by nuclear proteins from IARC 301.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s11.6) (:did . :|91170801|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000098@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, mutation of the kappa B enhancer results in markedly attenuated activities of both promoters.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . 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(:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s11.7) (:did . :|91170801|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000100@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They bind to the kappa B motifs with different relative affinities that may reflect their different contribution in the expression of various promoters.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b") (:form . "B") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . 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"contribution") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 133) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "various") (:form . "various") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoters") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x11.9.1) (:span 72 75)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x11.9.1) (:span 72 151)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s11.9) (:did . :|91170801|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000101@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The functional domains of the murine Thy-1 gene promoter.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "functional") (:form . "functional") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "murine") (:form . "murine") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "thy-1") (:form . 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(:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:ncues ((:id . :x12.3.1) (:span 55 58)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x12.3.1) (:span 55 88)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s12.3) (:did . :|91172211|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000104@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It can only be activated in a tissue-specific manner by elements that lie downstream of the initiation site.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "activate") (:form . "activated") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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"NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s14.5) (:did . :|91173312|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000122@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This protein-DNA complex comigrated with the complex obtained with the purified human p65 NF-kappa B subunit and binding was inhibited by I kappa B-alpha and -beta proteins.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-dna") (:form . "protein-DNA") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "comigrate") (:form . "comigrated") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . 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"-beta") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s14.6) (:did . :|91173312|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000123@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition, the 65-kD protein associated with the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B and the kappa B probe to form a complex with the same electrophoretic mobility as the NF-kappa B-DNA complex.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "65-kd") (:form . "65-kD") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associated") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p50") (:form . "p50") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subunit") (:form . "subunit") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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"same") (:form . "same") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "electrophoretic") (:form . "electrophoretic")\n (:end . 146) (:start . 131) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mobility") (:form . "mobility") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 158) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 162) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B-DNA") (:form . "B-DNA") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s14.7) (:did . :|91173312|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000124@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore the rel-related 65-kD protein may represent the p65 subunit of the active NF-kappa B transcription factor complex.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rel-related") (:form . "rel-related") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "65-kd") (:form . "65-kD") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represent") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p65") (:form . "p65") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subunit") (:form . "subunit") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . "active") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 108) (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:hcues ((:id . :x14.8.1) (:span 40 43)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x14.8.1) (:span 40 123)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s14.8) (:did . :|91173312|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000125@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor number in posttraumatic stress disorder.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Lymphocyte") (:form . "Lymphocyte") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "glucocorticoid") (:form . "glucocorticoid")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . 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"IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "glucocorticoid") (:form . "glucocorticoid")\n (:end . 89) (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "change") (:form . "changes") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involved") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dysregulation") (:form . "dysregulation")\n (:end . 143) (:start . 130) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"disorder") (:form . "disorder") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 217) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PTSD") (:form . "PTSD") (:end . 231) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 232) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 233) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x15.2.1) (:span 107 110)) ((:id . :x15.2.2) (:span 58 69)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x15.2.1) (:span 75 232))\n ((:id . :x15.2.2) (:span 58 232)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s15.2) (:did . :|91174087|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000127@unknown@formal@none@1@S@METHOD: They measured the number of lymphocyte cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors and plasma cortisol concentrations in 15 consecutively admitted male combat Vietnam veterans with PTSD and in a normal comparison group of 11 subjects.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "METHOD") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "measure") (:form . 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(:end . 289) (:start . 288)\n (:id . 88)))@@@1@47@((:hcues ((:id . :x18.9.1) (:span 206 211)) ((:id . :x18.9.2) (:span 127 129))\n ((:id . :x18.9.3) (:span 9 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x18.9.1) (:span 190 288))\n ((:id . :x18.9.2) (:span 77 180)) ((:id . :x18.9.3) (:span 9 288)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s18.9) (:did . :|91187152|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000162@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These diurnal variations in GR might serve to coordinate the reactivity of the target cells to cortisol because the diurnal rhythms of a GR-mediated response, the fractional inhibition of chemotactic migration rate of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by cortisol, were found to be synchronous with those of GR.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diurnal") (:form . "diurnal") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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(:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s19.1) (:did . :|91187647|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000164@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The interaction of the Oct2 transcription factor with the cognate octamer motif ATGCAAAT is a critical determinant of the lymphoid-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "oct2") (:form . "Oct2") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 41) (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s19.2) (:did . :|91187647|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000165@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Ectopic expression of cloned Oct2 cDNA was shown to be sufficient to reconstitute at least some aspects of this regulation in non-lymphoid cells.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ectopic") (:form . "Ectopic") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "cloned") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Oct2") (:form . "Oct2") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "cDNA") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s19.3) (:did . :|91187647|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000166@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We describe the isolation and characterization of multiple cDNAs encoding mouse Oct2 from a mature B-cell line and we show that a variety of isoforms of this transcription factor is generated from a single gene by an alternative splicing mechanism.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "describe") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "isolation") (:form . "isolation") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "characterization") (:form . 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"of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "murine") (:form . "murine") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tcf-1") (:form . "TCF-1") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s23.6) (:did . :|91217625|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000204@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Two splice alternatives were identified that were not previously observed in human TCF-1.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "Two") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "splice") (:form . "splice") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alternative") (:form . "alternatives") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tcf-1") (:form . "TCF-1") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:ncues ((:id . :x23.7.1) (:span 50 53)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x23.7.1) (:span 40 88)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s23.7) (:did . :|91217625|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000205@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Murine and human TCF-1 displayed a 95.5 % overall amino acid homology.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "murine") (:form . "Murine") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tcf-1") (:form . "TCF-1") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "display") (:form . "displayed") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "95.5") (:form . 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"JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "aspect") (:form . "aspects") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TCF-1") (:form . "TCF-1") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzed") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s23.10) (:did . :|91217625|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000208@unknown@formal@none@1@S@First, deletion analysis revealed that a region of TCF-1 containing the HMG box was sufficient for sequence-specific binding.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "first") (:form . 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(:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s23.11) (:did . :|91217625|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000210@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Third, TCF-1 bound specifically to a functional T cell-specific element in the T cell receptor alpha (TCR-alpha) enhancer.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "third") (:form . "Third") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tcf-1") (:form . "TCF-1") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bound") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . "specifically") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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(:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x23.14.1) (:span 116 121)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x23.14.1) (:span 116 201)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s23.14) (:did . :|91217625|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000212@unknown@formal@none@1@S@HIV enhancer activity perpetuated by NF-kappa B induction on infection of monocytes [see comments]@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV") (:form . "HIV") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "perpetuate") (:form . "perpetuated") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . 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";") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s33.5) (:did . :|91239569|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000310@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Human and mouse Rhom-2 are highly conserved and , like rhombotin, encode two tandem cysteine-rich LIM domains.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "Human") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mouse") (:form . "mouse") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rhom-2") (:form . "Rhom-2") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . 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(:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:ncues ((:id . :x33.9.1) (:span 38 41)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x33.9.1) (:span 38 58)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s33.9) (:did . :|91239569|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000313@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since the Rhom-2 gene is such a common site of chromosomal damage in T-cell tumors, the consistency of translocations near the rhombotin gene was further examined.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rhom-2") (:form . "Rhom-2") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . 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(:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:ncues ((:id . :x36.5.1) (:span 77 80)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x36.5.1) (:span 77 121)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s36.5) (:did . :|91264362|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000341@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The percentage of lavage T-lymphocytes expressing 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors was significantly greater for patients with tuberculosis presenting with isolated hilar adenopathy than for patients with pulmonary infiltrates and/or cavities.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "percentage") (:form . "percentage") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lavage") (:form . "lavage") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "t-lymphocyte") (:form . 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(:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:hcues ((:id . :x44.4.1) (:span 21 29)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x44.4.1) (:span 21 67)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s44.4) (:did . :|91292530|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000413@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In vitro translated MAD-3 protein was found to specifically inhibit the DNA-binding activity of the p50/p65 NF-kappa B complex but not that of the p50/p50 KBF1 factor or of other DNA-binding proteins.@(((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vitro") (:form . "vitro") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "translate") (:form . "translated") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MAD-3") (:form . "MAD-3") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:ncues ((:id . :x44.5.1) (:span 131 134)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x44.5.1) (:span 131 199)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s44.5) (:did . :|91292530|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000414@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The MAD-3 cDNA encodes an I kappa B-like protein that is likely to be involved in regulation of transcriptional responses to NF-kappa B, including adhesion-dependent pathways of monocyte activation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MAD-3") (:form . "MAD-3") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "cDNA") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encodes") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s45.1) (:did . :|91293101|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000416@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Hydrogen peroxide and oxygen radicals are agents commonly produced during inflammatory processes.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hydrogen") (:form . "Hydrogen") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "peroxide") (:form . "peroxide") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "oxygen") (:form . "oxygen") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "radical") (:form . "radicals") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "agent") (:form . "agents") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s46.6) (:did . :|91296379|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000430@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Tax1-inducible transcription factors identified here are encoded by the members of immediate early genes under the control of growth signals.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tax1-inducible") (:form . "Tax1-inducible")\n (:end . 18) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 32) (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . 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"NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . "part") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanism") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:hcues ((:id . :x46.9.1) (:span 16 25)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x46.9.1) (:span 7 88)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s46.9) (:did . :|91296379|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000432@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Contribution of NF-kappa B and Sp1 binding motifs to the replicative capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: distinct patterns of viral growth are determined by T-cell types.@(((:tag . 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(:end . 327) (:start . 326)\n (:id . 100)))@@@1@59@((:hcues ((:id . :x54.6.2) (:span 255 257)) ((:id . :x54.6.3) (:span 84 89)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x54.6.1) (:span 258 260)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x54.6.2) (:span 248 267))\n ((:id . :x54.6.3) (:span 0 147)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x54.6.1) (:span 258 267)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s54.6) (:did . :|91351285|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000483@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we demonstrate that NF-AT is formed when a signal from the antigen receptor induces a pre-existing cytoplasmic subunit to translocate to the nucleus and combine with a newly synthesized nuclear subunit of NF-AT.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 270) (:start . 269)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:hcues ((:id . :x58.9.2) (:span 5 19)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x58.9.1) (:span 125 128)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x58.9.2) (:span 5 269)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x58.9.1) (:span 125 168)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s58.9) (:did . :|91363265|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000523@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Glucocorticoid receptors in lymphocytes in anorexia nervosa.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "glucocorticoid") (:form . "Glucocorticoid")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptors") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "lymphocyte") (:form . "lymphocytes") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"not") (:form . "not") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:ncues ((:id . :x62.7.1) (:span 92 95)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x62.7.1) (:span 92 95)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s62.7) (:did . :|91369589|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000564@unknown@formal@none@1@S@HIV1 infection of human monocytes and macrophages promotes induction or translocation of NF-KB-related factors.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hiv1") (:form . "HIV1") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "infection") (:form . "infection") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "monocyte") (:form . 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(:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s63.4) (:did . :|91376383|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000568@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Its expression remained very low in nuclei of HIV1-infected macrophages.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "Its") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remained") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "very") (:form . "very") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low") (:form . "low") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "nucleus") (:form . "nuclei") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"to") (:end . 170) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 174) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sv40") (:form . "SV40") (:end . 179) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s69.4) (:did . :|92020218|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000623@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The activity of the enhancer is almost completely dependent on the integrity of a dimeric GATA-1 binding site.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s70.1) (:did . :|92020850|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000625@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using Western blot analysis with a monoclonal antibody recognizing a 17-amino acid epitope of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]receptor, we have detected two crossreacting proteins in activated normal human lymphocytes.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "western") (:form . "Western") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blot") (:form . "blot") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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(:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s72.7) (:did . :|92029620|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000647@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The gene contains a CpG-rich island suggesting expression in the germ line.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cpg-rich") (:form . "CpG-rich") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "island") (:form . "island") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggesting") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s72.9) (:did . :|92029620|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000650@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Potential sites for transcription factors AP1, AP2, and AP3 are consistent with rapid transcriptional activation in response to inducing agents.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "potential") (:form . "Potential") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ap1") (:form . "AP1") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x72.11.1) (:span 0 9)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x72.11.1) (:span 0 59)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s72.11) (:did . :|92029620|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000651@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Synergism between two distinct elements of the HTLV-I enhancer during activation by the trans-activator of HTLV-I.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Synergism") (:form . "Synergism") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"to") (:end . 155) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cyclic-amp") (:form . "cyclic-AMP") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "responsive") (:form . "responsive") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CREB") (:form . "CREB") (:end . 207) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "-like") (:form . "-like") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 222)\n (:start . 216) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 224) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "s") (:form . "s") (:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 228) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 229) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s73.4) (:did . :|92031293|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000655@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The other is a region interposed between the 21-bp elements.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "interpose") (:form . "interposed") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "21-bp") (:form . "21-bp") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s73.5) (:did . :|92031293|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000656@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study we demonstrate that a subfragment (C26) in the region between the 21-bp elements is involved in trans-activation by p40tax, possibly through binding to an NF-kappa B-like nuclear factor or factors.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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"21-bp") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involved") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 109) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "trans-activation") (:form . "trans-activation")\n (:end . 126) (:start . 110) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p40tax") (:form . "p40tax") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "possibly") (:form . "possibly") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . 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(:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:hcues ((:id . :x73.6.1) (:span 200 202))\n ((:id . :x73.6.2) (:span 138 146)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x73.6.1) (:span 193 210))\n ((:id . :x73.6.2) (:span 138 210)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s73.6) (:did . :|92031293|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000657@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Formation of the protein-DNA complex with the C26 subfragment was positively affected by p40tax.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "formation") (:form . "Formation") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-dna") (:form . "protein-DNA") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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(:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s73.7) (:did . :|92031293|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000658@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The C26 element conferred partial responsiveness to p40tax when linked to one copy of the 21-bp element that, by itself, showed little activation in response to p40tax.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C26") (:form . "C26") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "confer") (:form . "conferred") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "partial") (:form . "partial") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "responsiveness") (:form . "responsiveness")\n (:end . 48) (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"response") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p40tax") (:form . "p40tax") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s73.8) (:did . :|92031293|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000660@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, the C26 element itself was profoundly activated upon stimulation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"suggest") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HTLV-I") (:form . "HTLV-I") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "functional") (:form . "functional") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . 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"enhancer") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 229) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 240) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "response") (:form . "response") (:end . 249)\n (:start . 241) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 252) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p40tax") (:form . "p40tax") (:end . 259)\n (:start . 253) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 260) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x73.11.1) (:span 25 32)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x73.11.1) (:span 25 167)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s73.11) (:did . :|92031293|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000662@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our results also demonstrate that TPA-dependent activation of the HTLV-I enhancer may be mediated through the C26 element.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . 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(:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s79.11) (:did . :|92052106|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000730@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Isolation of a candidate repressor/activator, NF-E1 (YY-1 , delta), that binds to the immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer and the immunoglobulin heavy-chain mu E1 site.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "isolation") (:form . "Isolation") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidate") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repressor/activator")\n (:form . "repressor/activator") (:end . 44) (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . 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"influence") (:form . "influence") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "positive-") (:form . "positive-") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative-acting") (:form . "negative-acting")\n (:end . 181) (:start . 166) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 190)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s80.2) (:did . :|92052179|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000732@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We show that a central core in the kappa E3' enhancer is active at the pre-B-cell stage but is repressed by flanking negative-acting elements.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "central") (:form . "central") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e3") (:form . "E3") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "'") (:form . "'") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . "active") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pre-b-cell") (:form . "pre-B-cell") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stage") (:form . "stage") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "repress") (:form . "repressed") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanking") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative-acting") (:form . "negative-acting")\n (:end . 132) (:start . 117) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s80.3) (:did . :|92052179|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000733@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The negative-acting sequences repress enhancer activity in a position- and orientation-independent manner at the pre-B-cell stage.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative-acting") (:form . "negative-acting")\n (:end . 19) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "repress") (:form . "repress") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position-") (:form . "position-") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "orientation-independent")\n (:form . "orientation-independent") (:end . 98) (:start . 75) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "manner") (:form . "manner") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pre-b-cell") (:form . "pre-B-cell") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stage") (:form . "stage") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s80.4) (:did . :|92052179|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000734@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have isolated a human cDNA clone encoding a zinc finger protein (NF-E1) that binds to the negative-acting segment of the kappa E3' enhancer.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "isolate") (:form . "isolated") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cdna") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "clone") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoding") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "zinc") (:form . "zinc") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-E1") (:form . "NF-E1") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binds") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative-acting") (:form . "negative-acting")\n (:end . 108) (:start . 93) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "segment") (:form . "segment") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e3") (:form . "E3") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "'") (:form . "'") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s80.5) (:did . :|92052179|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000735@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This protein also binds to the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer mu E1 site.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binds") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "immunoglobulin") (:form . "immunoglobulin")\n (:end . 45) (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "heavy-chain") (:form . "heavy-chain") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mu") (:form . "mu") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e1") (:form . "E1") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s80.6) (:did . :|92052179|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000736@unknown@formal@none@1@S@NF-E1 is encoded by the same gene as the YY-1 protein, which binds to the adeno-associated virus P5 promoter.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-E1") (:form . "NF-E1") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yy-1") (:form . "YY-1") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binds") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adeno-associated") (:form . "adeno-associated")\n (:end . 90) (:start . 74) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "virus") (:end . 96) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p5") (:form . "P5") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s80.7) (:did . :|92052179|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000737@unknown@formal@none@1@S@NF-E1 is also the human homologue of the mouse delta protein, which binds to ribosomal protein gene promoters.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-E1") (:form . "NF-E1") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homologue") (:form . "homologue") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mouse") (:form . "mouse") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "delta") (:form . "delta") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binds") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ribosomal") (:form . "ribosomal") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoters") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s80.8) (:did . :|92052179|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000738@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The predicted amino acid sequence of this protein contains features characteristic of transcriptional activators as well as transcriptional repressors.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "characteristic") (:form . "characteristic")\n (:end . 82) (:start . 68) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 101) (:start . 86) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "activator") (:form . "activators") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 139) (:start . 124) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "repressor") (:form . "repressors") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s80.9) (:did . :|92052179|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000740@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The apparent dual function of this protein is discussed.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apparent") (:form . "apparent") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dual") (:form . "dual") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discuss") (:form . "discussed") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:hcues ((:id . :x80.11.1) (:span 4 12)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x80.11.1) (:span 4 42)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s80.11) (:did . :|92052179|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000741@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Clone pAT 133 identifies a gene that encodes another human member of a class of growth factor-induced genes with almost identical zinc-finger domains.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Clone") (:form . "Clone") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pat") (:form . "pAT") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "133") (:form . "133") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identifies") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encodes") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "member") (:form . "member") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "growth") (:form . "growth") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "factor-induced") (:form . "factor-induced")\n (:end . 101) (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "almost") (:form . "almost") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "zinc-finger") (:form . "zinc-finger") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") 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(:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:hcues ((:id . :x81.7.1) (:span 27 35)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x81.7.1) (:span 27 124)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s81.7) (:did . :|92052214|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000748@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Comparing the regulation of these related zinc-finger-encoding genes showed coordinate induction upon mitogenic stimulation of resting T lymphocytes and of resting fibroblasts.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "Comparing") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . 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(:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s88.2) (:did . :|92103005|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000803@unknown@formal@none@1@S@TCF-1 belongs to the family of transcription-regulating proteins which share a region of homology termed the HMG-box.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TCF-1") (:form . "TCF-1") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "belong") (:form . "belongs") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcription-regulating")\n (:form . 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(:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s88.4) (:did . :|92103005|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000805@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Comparison of the sequences of all elements recognized by TCF-1 defines a consensus motif A/T A/T C A A/G A G.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "Comparison") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . 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"phenotype") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x88.6.1) (:span 100 105)) ((:id . :x88.6.2) (:span 19 24)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x88.6.1) (:span 100 201))\n ((:id . :x88.6.2) (:span 19 201)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s88.6) (:did . :|92103005|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000807@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The cellular oncogene c-myb can interact synergistically with the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 transactivator in lymphoid cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cellular") (:form . "cellular") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "oncogene") (:form . "oncogene") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-myb") (:form . 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"unidentified") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s90.3) (:did . :|92107919|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000818@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have characterized several 29-kDa proteins that are rapidly phosphorylated following exposure of intact human platelets to thrombin.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterized")\n (:end . 21) (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "29-kda") (:form . "29-kDa") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . 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(:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:hcues ((:id . :x90.10.1) (:span 11 18)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x90.10.1) (:span 11 92)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s90.10) (:did . :|92107919|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000825@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Characterization of a cofactor that regulates dimerization of a mammalian homeodomain protein.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "characterization") (:form . "Characterization")\n (:end . 16) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cofactor") (:form . "cofactor") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . 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(:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s94.11) (:did . :|92113075|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000860@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Circulating adrenal androgen levels were increased in all patients.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "circulate") (:form . "Circulating") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adrenal") (:form . "adrenal") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "androgen") (:form . "androgen") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "level") (:form . "levels") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increased") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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(:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:hcues ((:id . :x94.20.1) (:span 37 42)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x94.20.1) (:span 37 79)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s94.20) (:did . :|92113075|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000868@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the six patients presented, at least three different forms can be recognized.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "six") (:form . "six") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "patient") (:form . "patients") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "present") (:form . "presented") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . 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(:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x95.11.1) (:span 15 22)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x95.11.1) (:span 15 154)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s95.11) (:did . :|92118719|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000881@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A novel mitogen-inducible gene product related to p50/p105-NF-kappa B participates in transactivation through a kappa B site.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 7) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mitogen-inducible") (:form . "mitogen-inducible")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "product") (:form . "product") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "relate") (:form . 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"of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "900") (:form . "900") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "capable") (:form . "capable") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoding") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "97-kda") (:form . "97-kDa") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s96.3) (:did . :|92123193|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000884@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This protein is most similar to the 105-kDa precursor polypeptide of p50-NF-kappa B.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "105-kda") (:form . "105-kDa") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "precursor") (:form . "precursor") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "polypeptide") (:form . "polypeptide") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p50-nf-kappa") (:form . "p50-NF-kappa") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s96.4) (:did . :|92123193|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000885@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Like the 105-kDa precursor, it contains an amino-terminal Rel-related domain of about 300 amino acids and a carboxy-terminal domain containing six full cell cycle or ankyrin repeats.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "like") (:form . "Like") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "105-kda") (:form . "105-kDa") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "precursor") (:form . "precursor") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino-terminal") (:form . "amino-terminal")\n (:end . 57) (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rel-related") (:form . "Rel-related") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "300") (:form . "300") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "carboxy-terminal") (:form . "carboxy-terminal")\n (:end . 124) (:start . 108) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "containing") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "six") (:form . "six") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "full") (:form . "full") (:end . 151) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 156) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cycle") (:form . "cycle") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 165) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ankyrin") (:form . "ankyrin") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeats") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x96.5.1) (:span 163 165)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x96.5.1) (:span 143 181)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s96.5) (:did . :|92123193|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000886@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In vitro-translated proteins, truncated downstream of the Rel domain and excluding the repeats, bind kappa B sites.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "vitro-translated") (:form . "vitro-translated")\n (:end . 19) (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "truncate") (:form . "truncated") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "downstream") (:form . "downstream") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Rel") (:form . "Rel") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excluding") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeats") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s96.6) (:did . :|92123193|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000887@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We refer to the kappa B-binding, truncated protein as p50B by analogy with p50-NF-kappa B and to the full-length protein as p97.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "refer") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b-binding") (:form . "B-binding") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "truncate") (:form . "truncated") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "p50B") (:form . "p50B") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analogy") (:form . "analogy") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p50-nf-kappa") (:form . "p50-NF-kappa") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "full-length") (:form . "full-length") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p97") (:form . "p97") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s96.7) (:did . :|92123193|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000888@unknown@formal@none@1@S@p50B is able to form heteromeric kappa B-binding complexes with RelB, as well as with p65 and p50, the two subunits of NF-kappa B.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "p50B") (:form . "p50B") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "able") (:form . "able") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "heteromeric") (:form . "heteromeric") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "b-binding") (:form . "B-binding") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RelB") (:form . "RelB") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p65") (:form . "p65") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p50") (:form . "p50") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "subunit") (:form . "subunits") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s96.8) (:did . :|92123193|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000890@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The data imply the existence of a complex family of NF-kappa B-like transcription factors.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "imply") (:form . "imply") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "existence") (:form . "existence") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "b-like") (:form . "B-like") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 81) (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:hcues ((:id . :x96.10.1) (:span 9 14)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x96.10.1) (:span 9 89)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s96.10) (:did . :|92123193|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000891@unknown@formal@none@1@S@[Changes in leucocytic estrogen receptor levels in patients with climacteric syndrome and therapeutic effect of liuwei dihuang pills]@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "change") (:form . "Changes") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 1) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "leucocytic") (:form . "leucocytic") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "estrogen") (:form . "estrogen") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "level") (:form . "levels") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "patient") (:form . "patients") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "climacteric") (:form . "climacteric") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "syndrome") (:form . "syndrome") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "therapeutic") (:form . "therapeutic") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "liuwei") (:form . "liuwei") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "dihuang") (:form . "dihuang") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pill") (:form . "pills") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s97.1) (:did . :|92127655|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000892@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The numbers of estrogen receptor (ER) in human peripheral leucocytes in 22 women with climacteric syndrome were measured by radioligand method.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "number") (:form . "numbers") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 232) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:identifiers (:sid . :s102.4) (:did . :|92144438|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000931@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Also, an induction specific DNA binding protein was purified from HeLa cells that interacted with the ( AAGTGA ) 4 tetrahexamer sequence and the PRDI domain.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "Also") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "induction") (:form . "induction") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . 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"(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AAGTGA") (:form . "AAGTGA") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tetrahexamer") (:form . "tetrahexamer") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PRDI") (:form . "PRDI") (:end . 149) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s102.5) (:did . :|92144438|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000932@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This protein is immunologically distinct from IRF-1/ISGF2.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "immunologically") (:form . "immunologically")\n (:end . 31) (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "irf-1/isgf2") (:form . "IRF-1/ISGF2") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s102.6) (:did . :|92144438|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000933@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Uninduced or Sendai virus induced HeLa extracts were used to examine transcription in vitro using a series of IFN beta promoter deletions.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Uninduced") (:form . "Uninduced") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sendai") (:form . "Sendai") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "virus") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "induce") (:form . "induced") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HeLa") (:form . "HeLa") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "extract") (:form . 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"IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 109) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ifn") (:form . "IFN") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beta") (:form . "beta") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . "deletions") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s102.7) (:did . :|92144438|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000934@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Deletions upstream of the PRDII element increased transcription in the uninduced extract, indicating predominantly negative regulation of the promoter.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . 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(:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x102.8.1) (:span 90 100)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x102.8.1) (:span 90 150)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s102.8) (:did . :|92144438|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5000935@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts, and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "2-4-fold") (:form . "2-4-fold") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increase") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IFN-beta") (:form . "IFN-beta") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ganglioside") (:form . "gangliosides") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:ncues ((:id . :x110.11.1) (:span 97 104)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x110.11.1) (:span 97 117)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s110.11) (:did . :|92176633|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001008@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Taken together, our data demonstrate that TNF gene expression in monocytes induced by different types of stimuli can be blocked by gangliosides at an early step of signal transduction.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "Taken") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "together") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s110.12) (:did . :|92176633|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001010@unknown@formal@none@1@S@IL-4 secreted by activated T cells is a pleiotropic cytokine affecting growth and differentiation of diverse cell types such as T cells, B cells, and mast cells.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-4") (:form . "IL-4") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "secrete") (:form . "secreted") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "activate") (:form . "activated") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s111.3) (:did . :|92176657|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001012@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A novel T cell-specific negative regulatory element (NRE) composed of two protein-binding sites were mapped in the 5' flanking region of the IL-4 gene: -311CTCCCTTCT-303 (NRE-I) and -288CTTTTTGCTT-TGC-300 (NRE-II).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 7) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 9) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cell-specific") (:form . "cell-specific")\n (:end . 23) (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . 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")") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s111.4) (:did . :|92176657|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001013@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A T cell-specific protein Neg-1 and a ubiquitous protein Neg-2 binding to NRE-I and NRE-II, respectively, were identified.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 3) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cell-specific") (:form . "cell-specific")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 4) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "neg-1") (:form . "Neg-1") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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(:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x114.3.1) (:span 64 73)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x114.3.1) (:span 64 91)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s114.3) (:did . :|92186836|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001037@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Within the human enhancer, these two sites are located within the previously defined DNase I footprints, NFAT-1 and NFIL-2B, respectively.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "within") (:form . "Within") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . 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(:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s117.4) (:did . :|92195320|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001068@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In particular, the c-Rel homodimer has a high affinity for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and beta interferon kappa B sites.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "particular") (:form . "particular") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-rel") (:form . "c-Rel") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homodimer") (:form . "homodimer") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . 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(:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s120.9) (:did . :|92212930|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001102@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The binding of NF(P) (a DNA binding protein that specifically recognizes the P sequence) to the P sequence was abolished when oligonucleotides carrying base substitutions were used, indicating that the NF(P) interaction is sequence-specific and that binding specificity of the protein paralleled the sequence requirements for IL-4 expression in vivo.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF(P)") (:form . "NF(P)") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . 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(:end . 350) (:start . 349)\n (:id . 95)))@@@1@54@((:hcues ((:id . :x120.10.1) (:span 182 197)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x120.10.1) (:span 182 349)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s120.10) (:did . :|92212930|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001103@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The P sequence does not share homology with the 5' upstream sequence of the IL-2 gene, even though surrounding sequences of the IL-4 gene share high homology with the IL-2 gene.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p") (:form . "P") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "share") (:form . 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(:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:ncues ((:id . :x120.11.1) (:span 20 23)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x120.11.1) (:span 20 85)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s120.11) (:did . :|92212930|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001104@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We conclude that a different set of proteins recognize IL-2 and IL-4 genes.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "conclude") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s120.12) (:did . :|92212930|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001105@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Glucocorticoid receptor binding in three different cell types in major depressive disorder: lack of evidence of receptor binding defect.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "glucocorticoid") (:form . "Glucocorticoid")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . 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Mononuclear leukocytes binding to glucocorticoid correlated significantly with polymorphonuclear leukocytes binding to glucocorticoid, but both determinations failed to differentiate major depressive disorder and control subjects.@(((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mononuclear") (:form . "Mononuclear") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "leukocyte") (:form . "leukocytes") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "glucocorticoid") (:form . "glucocorticoid")\n (:end . 52) (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "correlate") (:form . 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(:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x129.3.1) (:span 35 37)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x129.3.2) (:span 19 22)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x129.3.1) (:span 28 46)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x129.3.2) (:span 9 46)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s129.3) (:did . :|92244343|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001176@unknown@formal@none@1@S@NF-AT induction may require two activation-dependent events: the CsA-sensitive translocation of a pre-existing component and the CsA-resistant synthesis of a nuclear component.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-AT") (:form . "NF-AT") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "induction") (:form . "induction") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "require") (:form . "require") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . 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(:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x129.4.1) (:span 16 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x129.4.1) (:span 16 175)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s129.4) (:did . :|92244343|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001177@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we report that the newly synthesized nuclear component of NF-AT is the transcription factor AP-1.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "newly") (:form . "newly") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . 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(:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s129.5) (:did . :|92244343|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001178@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We show that the inducible nuclear form of NF-AT contains Fos and Jun proteins.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inducible") (:form . "inducible") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 364) (:start . 363)\n (:id . 97)))@@@1@56@((:hcues ((:id . :x129.8.1) (:span 316 318))\n ((:id . :x129.8.2) (:span 184 190)) ((:id . :x129.8.3) (:span 75 82)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x129.8.1) (:span 312 326))\n ((:id . :x129.8.2) (:span 171 204)) ((:id . :x129.8.3) (:span 75 363)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s129.8) (:did . :|92244343|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001181@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interferon-gamma potentiates the antiviral activity and the expression of interferon-stimulated genes induced by interferon-alpha in U937 cells.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Interferon-gamma") (:form . "Interferon-gamma")\n (:end . 16) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "potentiate") (:form . "potentiates") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "antiviral") (:form . 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(:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x133.4.1) (:span 75 78)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x133.4.1) (:span 75 151)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s133.4) (:did . :|92260664|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001207@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Little effect was observed with 50-kDa forms of p105 NF-kappa B or rel, in combination with p65 or full-length c-rel, which do not stimulate the HIV enhancer in these cells.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "little") (:form . "Little") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:ncues ((:id . :x133.5.1) (:span 127 130)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x133.5.1) (:span 127 172)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s133.5) (:did . :|92260664|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001208@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These findings suggest that the combination of p49 ( 100 ) and p65 NF-kappa B can act in concert with the tat-I gene product to stimulate the synthesis of HIV RNA.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "findings") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"the") (:end . 141) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "synthesis") (:form . "synthesis") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 154) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV") (:form . "HIV") (:end . 158) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 162) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x133.6.1) (:span 78 81)) ((:id . :x133.6.2) (:span 15 22)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x133.6.1) (:span 78 162))\n ((:id . :x133.6.2) (:span 15 162)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s133.6) (:did . :|92260664|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001210@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The function of a putative NFAT-1 site in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer has been analyzed.@(((:tag . 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(:end . 239) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:ncues ((:id . :x136.2.1) (:span 69 90)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x136.2.1) (:span 69 129)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s136.2) (:did . :|92269839|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001227@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we demonstrate complete correlation between the expression pattern of the CD19 gene and the B-cell-specific transcription factor BSAP in a large panel of B-lymphoid cell lines.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complete") (:form . "complete") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . 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"cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 174) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s136.3) (:did . :|92269839|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001228@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The human CD19 gene has been cloned, and several BSAP-binding sites have been mapped by in vitro protein-DNA binding studies.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd19") (:form . "CD19") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . 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(:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:ncues ((:id . :x136.6.1) (:span 85 88)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x136.6.1) (:span 85 112)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s136.6) (:did . :|92269839|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001231@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This high-affinity site has been conserved in the promoters of both human and mouse CD19 genes and was furthermore shown to confer B-cell specificity to a beta-globin reporter gene in transient transfection experiments.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high-affinity") (:form . "high-affinity")\n (:end . 18) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s136.7) (:did . :|92269839|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001232@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition, BSAP was found to be the only abundant DNA-binding activity of B-cell nuclear extracts that interacts with the CD19 promoter.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BSAP") (:form . "BSAP") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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"was") (:end . 173) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "responsible") (:form . "responsible") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 189) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "prevent") (:form . "preventing") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 205) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fc") (:form . "Fc") (:end . 208) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gamma") (:form . "gamma") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rii-mediated") (:form . "RII-mediated") (:end . 227)\n (:start . 215) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 239)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 243) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fc") (:form . "Fc") (:end . 246) (:start . 244)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gamma") (:form . "gamma") (:end . 252)\n (:start . 247) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rii-mediated") (:form . "RII-mediated") (:end . 265)\n (:start . 253) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "antigen") (:form . "antigen") (:end . 273)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presentation") (:form . "presentation") (:end . 286)\n (:start . 274) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 287) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:hcues ((:id . :x140.4.1) (:span 141 155)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x140.4.1) (:span 141 286)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s140.4) (:did . :|92311659|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001278@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The insertion was not required for Fc gamma RII to modulate surface immunoglobulin-triggered B-cell activation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . "insertion") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Fc") (:form . "Fc") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gamma") (:form . "gamma") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RII") (:form . "RII") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "modulate") (:form . "modulate") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "surface") (:form . "surface") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "immunoglobulin-triggered")\n (:form . "immunoglobulin-triggered") (:end . 92) (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b-cell") (:form . "B-cell") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:ncues ((:id . :x140.5.1) (:span 18 21)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x140.5.1) (:span 18 110)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s140.5) (:did . :|92311659|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001280@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, the insertion did contribute to the formation of caps in response to receptor cross-linking, consistent with suggestions that the lymphocyte but not macrophage form of the receptor can associate with the detergent-insoluble cytoskeleton.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . 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"not") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "macrophage") (:form . "macrophage") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 177) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 180) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 184) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 197) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associate") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 212) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 216) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "detergent-insoluble")\n (:form . 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"VBZ") (:stem . "work") (:form . "works") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "every") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 72) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s141.1) (:did . :|92314696|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001282@unknown@formal@none@1@S@could new regulatory pathways evolve by enhancer shuffling?@(((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathways") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "evolve") (:form . "evolve") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shuffling") (:form . "shuffling") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:hcues ((:id . :x141.2.1) (:span 0 5)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x141.2.1) (:span 0 58)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s141.2) (:did . :|92314696|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001283@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The promoters and enhancers of cell type-specific genes are often conserved in evolution, and hence one might expect that a given enhancer has evolved to work best with its own promoter.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoters") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancers") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"evolved") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "work") (:form . "work") (:end . 158) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "best") (:form . "best") (:end . 163) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 168) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 172) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "own") (:form . "own") (:end . 176) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x141.3.1) (:span 110 116))\n ((:id . :x141.3.2) (:span 104 109)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x141.3.1) (:span 110 185))\n ((:id . :x141.3.2) (:span 104 185)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s141.3) (:did . :|92314696|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001284@unknown@formal@none@1@S@While this expectation may be realized in some cases, we have not found evidence for it.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "While") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expectation") (:form . "expectation") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . 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(:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:ncues ((:id . :x141.7.1) (:span 15 18)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x141.7.1) (:span 15 183)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s141.7) (:did . :|92314696|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001288@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We propose that a generally permissive enhancer/promoter interaction is of evolutionary benefit for higher eukaryotes: by enhancer shuffling, genes could be easily brought under a new type of inducibility/cell type specificity.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "propose") (:form . "propose") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "generally") (:form . 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(:end . 251) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s142.2) (:did . :|92317168|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001291@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study multiple NF-kappa B related polypeptides ranging from 85 to 45 kDa were examined for their capacity to interact with the PRDII regulatory element of interferon beta and were shown to possess distinct intrinsic DNA binding affinities for this NF-kappa B site and form multiple DNA binding homo- and heterodimer complexes in co-renaturation experiments.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . 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(:end . 277) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:ncues ((:id . :x142.4.1) (:span 255 258)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x142.4.1) (:span 255 276)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s142.4) (:did . :|92317168|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001293@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These experiments emphasize the role of NF-kappa B dimerization as a distinct level of transcriptional control that may permit functional diversification of a limited number of regulatory proteins.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "emphasize") (:form . "emphasize") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . 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(:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x143.2.1) (:span 130 135)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x143.2.1) (:span 130 195)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s143.2) (:did . :|92318928|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001296@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Oct2 expression was unable to stimulate a multimerized octamer enhancer element in HeLa cells, however.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "oct2") (:form . "Oct2") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unable") (:form . "unable") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "stimulate") (:form . 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(:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x143.8.1) (:span 103 109)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x143.8.1) (:span 103 145)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s143.8) (:did . :|92318928|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001302@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The glutamine-rich activation domain present in the amino-terminal portion of Oct2 and the POU domain contribute only marginally to the transactivation function from a distal position.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "glutamine-rich") (:form . "glutamine-rich")\n (:end . 18) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . 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(:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s144.1) (:did . :|92318932|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001304@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Oct-2 is a transcription factor that binds specifically to octamer DNA motifs in the promoters of immunoglobulin and interleukin-2 genes.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "oct-2") (:form . "Oct-2") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 24) (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "bind") (:form . 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(:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x146.3.1) (:span 45 48)) ((:id . :x146.3.2) (:span 12 26)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x146.3.1) (:span 27 92))\n ((:id . :x146.3.2) (:span 12 146)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s146.3) (:did . :|92331609|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001322@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The A site in the 21 bp repeat has strong homology with previously described binding sites for the transcription factor AP-2.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . 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(:end . 228) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s146.7) (:did . :|92331609|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001326@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Binding of AP-2 prevented the subsequent binding of members of the CREB/ATF family to an adjacent regulatory motif in the 21 bp repeat.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "Binding") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ap-2") (:form . "AP-2") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "prevent") (:form . "prevented") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "subsequent") (:form . "subsequent") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . 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"related") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "retinoic") (:form . "retinoic") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 175) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s157.3) (:did . :|92385366|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001421@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The v-erb A protein has sustained two amino acid alterations within its DNA-binding domain relative to that of c-erb A, one of which, at serine 61, is known to be important for v-erb A function in the neoplastic cell.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "v-erb") (:form . 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(:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s157.4) (:did . :|92385366|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001422@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We report here that the second alteration, at threonine 78, also plays an important, although more indirect, role:@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alteration") (:form . 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(:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s157.6) (:did . :|92385366|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001424@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Threonine 78 lies within the D-box of the v-erb A protein, a region thought to mediate receptor-receptor dimerizations, and is not in physical proximity to the serine at position 61.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Threonine") (:form . "Threonine") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "78") (:form . "78") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "lie") (:form . "lies") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "within") (:form . "within") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-box") (:form . "D-box") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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(:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x157.7.2) (:span 68 75)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x157.7.1) (:span 127 130)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x157.7.2) (:span 59 118)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x157.7.1) (:span 127 181)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s157.7) (:did . :|92385366|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001425@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It therefore appears that an indirect interaction occurs between these two sites and that this interaction is crucial for v-erb A function.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . 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"NF-kappa") (:end . 256)\n (:start . 248) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 258) (:start . 257)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 267)\n (:start . 259) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 268) (:start . 267)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:hcues ((:id . :x170.4.1) (:span 199 206)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x170.4.1) (:span 170 267)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s170.4) (:did . :|93024882|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001522@unknown@formal@none@1@S@No biological function has yet been described for Bcl-3, but it was noted recently that Bcl-3 interferes with DNA-binding of the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B in vitro.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "No") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biological") (:form . "biological") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"subunit") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vitro") (:form . "vitro") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:ncues ((:id . :x170.5.1) (:span 0 2)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x170.5.1) (:span 0 55)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s170.5) (:did . :|93024882|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001523@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we demonstrate that Bcl-3 can aid kappa B site-dependent transcription in vivo by counteracting the inhibitory effects of p50/NF-kappa B homodimers.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bcl-3") (:form . "Bcl-3") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . 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"the") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inhibitory") (:form . "inhibitory") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effects") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p50/nf-kappa") (:form . "p50/NF-kappa") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homodimer") (:form . "homodimers") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s170.6) (:did . :|93024882|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001524@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Bcl-3 may therefore aid activation of select NF-kappa B-regulated genes, including those of the human immunodeficiency virus.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Bcl-3") (:form . "Bcl-3") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "aid") (:form . "aid") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "select") (:form . "select") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "b-regulated") (:form . "B-regulated") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "immunodeficiency") (:form . "immunodeficiency")\n (:end . 118) (:start . 102) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "virus") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:hcues ((:id . :x170.7.1) (:span 6 9)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x170.7.1) (:span 6 124)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s170.7) (:did . :|93024882|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001525@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A microtitre assay system for glucocorticoid receptors: decreased receptor concentration in myocardial infarction.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "microtitre") (:form . "microtitre") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assay") (:form . "assay") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "system") (:form . 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(:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s171.2) (:did . :|93030402|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001527@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, we describe a microtitre assay system for glucocorticoid receptors which is a whole-cell competitive binding radioassay using [3H]-dexamethasone as radioligand.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "describe") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "microtitre") (:form . "microtitre") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s171.3) (:did . :|93030402|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001528@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This modification of a previously described protocol simplifies and reduces laboratory work and allows assay reproducibility to be controlled more reliably.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "modification") (:form . "modification") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s172.9) (:did . :|93041372|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001541@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Taken together, these findings indicate that the induction of c-jun transcription by okadaic acid is controlled primarily by a transcriptional mechanism.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "Taken") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "together") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "findings") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:ncues ((:id . :x178.8.1) (:span 59 65)) ((:id . :x178.8.2) (:span 0 2)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x178.8.1) (:span 59 94))\n ((:id . :x178.8.2) (:span 0 124)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s178.8) (:did . :|93061407|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001592@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These results suggest that the decreased IL-2 production and proliferative response displayed by PHA-activated PBL from elderly adults may be related to age-related changes in c-jun mRNA expression and in the ratio of c-fos to c-jun mRNA.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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"TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 226) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-jun") (:form . "c-jun") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mrna") (:form . "mRNA") (:end . 237) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 238) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:hcues ((:id . :x178.9.1) (:span 135 138))\n ((:id . :x178.9.2) (:span 14 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x178.9.1) (:span 135 237))\n ((:id . :x178.9.2) (:span 14 237)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s178.9) (:did . :|93061407|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001593@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Characterization of a novel T lymphocyte protein which binds to a site related to steroid/thyroid hormone receptor response elements in the negative regulatory sequence of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "characterization") (:form . 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(:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s179.2) (:did . :|93065212|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001595@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The palindromic site (site B) recognized by this protein is related to the palindromic binding sites of members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "palindromic") (:form . "palindromic") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "recognize") (:form . "recognized") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "related") (:form . "related") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "palindromic") (:form . "palindromic") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . 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"b") (:form . "B") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "200") (:form . "200") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kd") (:form . "kD") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s179.4) (:did . :|93065212|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001597@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This protein is distinct from other members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family including the COUP protein which has a closely related DNA binding specificity.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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(:end . 265) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:ncues ((:id . :x182.4.1) (:span 160 163)) ((:id . :x182.4.2) (:span 8 11)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x182.4.1) (:span 160 264))\n ((:id . :x182.4.2) (:span 8 61)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s182.4) (:did . :|93077034|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001623@unknown@formal@none@1@S@REV LTRs work efficiently in human lymphoid cells, and are viable alternatives to promoters commonly used for expression of cloned genes.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "REV") (:form . "REV") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "LTR") (:form . "LTRs") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "work") (:form . "work") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "efficiently") (:form . "efficiently") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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(:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x182.5.1) (:span 59 65)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x182.5.1) (:span 59 136)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s182.5) (:did . :|93077034|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001624@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They may also prove useful in the identification of new, ubiquitous cellular transcription factors.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "prove") (:form . "prove") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "useful") (:form . "useful") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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(:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:hcues ((:id . :x182.6.1) (:span 5 8)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x182.6.1) (:span 5 98)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s182.6) (:did . :|93077034|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001625@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Natural variants of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat: analysis of promoters with duplicated DNA regulatory motifs.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "natural") (:form . "Natural") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "variant") (:form . "variants") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV-1") (:form . "HIV-1") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "long") (:form . "long") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x183.11.1) (:span 26 34)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x183.11.1) (:span 26 128)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s183.11) (:did . :|93079901|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001636@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SCL and related hemopoietic helix-loop-helix transcription factors.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCL") (:form . "SCL") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "related") (:form . "related") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hemopoietic") (:form . "hemopoietic") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "helix-loop-helix") (:form . "helix-loop-helix")\n (:end . 44) (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . 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(:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s185.1) (:did . :|93087498|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001645@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the human genome, the erythroid-specific hypersensitive site HS2 enhancer regulates the transcription of the downstream beta-like globin genes 10-50 kilobases away.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "erythroid-specific") (:form . 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"domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 236)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 237) (:start . 236)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 241) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "POU-homeodomain") (:form . "POU-homeodomain")\n (:end . 257) (:start . 242) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 258) (:start . 257)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 271)\n (:start . 259) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 272) (:start . 271)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s190.3) (:did . :|93112057|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001694@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Calcitriol : a hematolymphopoietrope? [editorial]@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Calcitriol") (:form . "Calcitriol") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x191.2.1) (:span 150 160)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x191.2.1) (:span 150 211)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s191.2) (:did . :|93113611|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001696@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Sixty-six papers published between January 1956 and June 1991 were identified.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "sixty-six") (:form . "Sixty-six") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "paper") (:form . "papers") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "publish") (:form . "published") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "January") (:form . "January") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1956") (:form . "1956") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s191.4) (:did . :|93113611|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001698@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The data strongly suggest an endocrine, autocrine and/or paracrine role for calcitriol in immune regulation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strongly") (:form . "strongly") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocrine") (:form . "endocrine") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:hcues ((:id . :x191.5.1) (:span 50 56)) ((:id . :x191.5.2) (:span 18 25)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x191.5.1) (:span 29 66))\n ((:id . :x191.5.2) (:span 18 107)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s191.5) (:did . :|93113611|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001700@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This paper provides a brief review of immune properties currently attributed to calcitriol.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "paper") (:form . "paper") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provides") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "brief") (:form . "brief") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "review") (:form . 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(:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s191.7) (:did . :|93113611|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001701@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Activation of protein kinase C and elevation of cAMP interact synergistically to raise c-Fos and AP-1 activity in Jurkat cells.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Activation") (:form . "Activation") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "kinase") (:form . "kinase") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "elevation") (:form . 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(:end . 381) (:start . 380)\n (:id . 105)))@@@1@64@((:identifiers (:sid . :s192.3) (:did . :|93114357|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001704@unknown@formal@none@1@S@PMA treatment caused a concentration- and time-dependent increase in both c-Fos and Jun immunoreactivity in contrast to cAMP elevation that had only a slight effect.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PMA") (:form . "PMA") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "treatment") (:form . "treatment") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "cause") (:form . "caused") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "concentration-") (:form . "concentration-")\n (:end . 37) (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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"PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigated") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 45) (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gamma") (:form . "gamma") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chain") (:form . "chain") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzing") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "2.5-kilobase") (:form . "2.5-kilobase") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 149) (:start . 136) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "start") (:form . "start") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 160) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s194.4) (:did . :|93123257|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001721@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This sequence contains a promoter specific to cells of hematopoietic lineage.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hematopoietic") (:form . "hematopoietic")\n (:end . 68) (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lineage") (:form . "lineage") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s194.5) (:did . :|93123257|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001722@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, the tissue specificity of this promoter is only partial because it is active in all of the hematopoietic cells tested here, regardless of whether they constitutively express Fc epsilon RI-gamma chain transcripts.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tissue") (:form . "tissue") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "specificity") (:form . "specificity") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "partial") (:form . "partial") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . "active") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hematopoietic") (:form . "hematopoietic")\n (:end . 113) (:start . 100) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 131) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "regardless") (:form . "regardless") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 159) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "constitutively") (:form . "constitutively")\n (:end . 174) (:start . 160) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "express") (:form . "express") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Fc") (:form . "Fc") (:end . 185) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "epsilon") (:form . "epsilon") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RI-gamma") (:form . "RI-gamma") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chain") (:form . "chain") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transcript") (:form . "transcripts") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 221) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x194.6.1) (:span 147 154)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x194.6.1) (:span 147 220)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s194.6) (:did . :|93123257|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001723@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have identified two adjacent cis-acting regulatory elements, both of which are part of an Alu repeat.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cis-acting") (:form . "cis-acting") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . "part") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Alu") (:form . "Alu") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeat") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s194.7) (:did . :|93123257|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001724@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The first (-445/-366) is a positive element active in both basophils and T cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "-445/-366") (:form . "-445/-366") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . "active") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "basophil") (:form . "basophils") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s194.8) (:did . :|93123257|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001725@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The second (-365/-264) binds to nuclear factors, which appear to be different in basophils and T cells, and acts as a negative element in basophils and as a positive one in T cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "-365/-264") (:form . "-365/-264") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binds") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 54) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appear") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "basophil") (:form . "basophils") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 102) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "act") (:form . "acts") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "basophil") (:form . "basophils") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 154) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 169) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 172) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:hcues ((:id . :x194.9.1) (:span 55 61)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x194.9.1) (:span 49 102)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s194.9) (:did . :|93123257|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001726@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, this Alu repeat (90% identical to Alu consensus sequences) has evolved to become both a positive and negative regulator.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Alu") (:form . "Alu") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeat") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "90") (:form . "90") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Alu") (:form . "Alu") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "evolve") (:form . "evolved") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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(:end . 240) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:hcues ((:id . :x202.6.1) (:span 83 91)) ((:id . :x202.6.2) (:span 73 79)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x202.6.1) (:span 83 239))\n ((:id . :x202.6.2) (:span 73 239)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s202.6) (:did . :|93141620|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001791@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ideal situation would be analyses conducted in GATA-1- erythroid cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ideal") (:form . "ideal") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "situation") (:form . "situation") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "would") (:form . "would") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . 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(:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s205.4) (:did . :|93152834|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001833@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both methods demonstrated that the tal-1 gene is expressed in megakaryocytes and erythroblasts as well as in basophilic granulocytes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrated") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tal-1") (:form . "tal-1") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . 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(:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s205.7) (:did . :|93152834|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001836@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We found that GATA-1 and tal-1 genes are coexpressed in these three lineages.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gata-1") (:form . "GATA-1") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tal-1") (:form . "tal-1") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x209.11.1) (:span 110 116)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x209.11.2) (:span 72 75)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x209.11.1) (:span 106 217)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x209.11.2) (:span 72 104)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s209.11) (:did . :|93153207|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001878@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 interacts with an EBNA2 responsive cis-element of the terminal protein 1 gene promoter.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "epstein-barr") (:form . "Epstein-Barr") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "virus") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "antigen") (:form . 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(:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s210.3) (:did . :|93154317|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001881@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The promoter of the TP1 gene was chosen as a model system to study the molecular mechanism of EBNA2 mediated transactivation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tp1") (:form . "TP1") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 260) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:hcues ((:id . :x214.6.1) (:span 172 187))\n ((:id . :x214.6.2) (:span 76 81)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x214.6.3) (:span 34 41)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x214.6.1) (:span 172 259))\n ((:id . :x214.6.2) (:span 76 170)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x214.6.3) (:span 34 170)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s214.6) (:did . :|93171603|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001921@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The binding activity of the X1 box DNA-binding protein RFX was examined and found to be present in wild-type B cells and the mutant RJ2.2.5 but was absent in SJO and Jurkat.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s215.1) (:did . :|93172387|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001930@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In order to confirm the significance of this region in the context of viral replication, we constructed several of these LS mutations (-201 to -184, -183 to -166, -165 to -148, and -148 to -130) in proviruses and prepared viral stocks by cocultivation of transfected RD cells with CEMx174 cells.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "order") (:form . "order") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "confirm") (:form . "confirm") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s216.1) (:did . :|93180775|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001937@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Inducible expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is regulated by a cellular transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inducible") (:form . "Inducible") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "immunodeficiency") (:form . "immunodeficiency")\n (:end . 46) (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "virus") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . 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"nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s216.2) (:did . :|93180775|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001938@unknown@formal@none@1@S@NF-kappa B is composed of distinct subunits; five independent genes, NFKB1(p105), NFKB2(p100), RelA(p65), c-rel and relB, that encode related proteins that bind to kappa B DNA elements have been isolated.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compose") (:form . "composed") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . 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"NNP") (:stem . "RelA(p65)") (:form . "RelA(p65)") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-rel") (:form . "c-rel") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "relB") (:form . "relB") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 126) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encode") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "related") (:form . "related") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 155) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 160) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 163) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 175) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 189) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 194) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "isolate") (:form . "isolated") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s216.3) (:did . :|93180775|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001940@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we examine the biochemical basis for the transcriptional regulation of HIV by NFKB2.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examine") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biochemical") (:form . "biochemical") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "basis") (:form . "basis") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 61) (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV") (:form . "HIV") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nfkb2") (:form . "NFKB2") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s216.5) (:did . :|93180775|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001941@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using Scatchard analysis, we have determined the dissociation constants of homodimeric p49 and heterodimeric p49/p65 for binding to the HIV kappa B site.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Scatchard") (:form . "Scatchard") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determined") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dissociation") (:form . "dissociation") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "constant") (:form . "constants") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homodimeric") (:form . "homodimeric") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p49") (:form . "p49") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "heterodimeric") (:form . "heterodimeric")\n (:end . 108) (:start . 95) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p49/p65") (:form . "p49/p65") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV") (:form . "HIV") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s216.6) (:did . :|93180775|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001942@unknown@formal@none@1@S@p49 has a approximately 18-fold-lower affinity for the HIV kappa B site (KD = 69.1 pM) than does the approximately 50-kDa protein NFKB1(p50) derived from p105 (KD = 3.9 pM).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p49") (:form . "p49") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 9) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 23) (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "18-fold-lower") (:form . "18-fold-lower")\n (:end . 37) (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "affinity") (:form . "affinity") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV") (:form . "HIV") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kd") (:form . "KD") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "69.1") (:form . "69.1") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pm") (:form . "pM") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 114) (:start . 101) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "50-kda") (:form . "50-kDa") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "NFKB1(p50)") (:form . "NFKB1(p50)") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 153) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p105") (:form . "p105") (:end . 158) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kd") (:form . "KD") (:end . 162) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3.9") (:form . "3.9") (:end . 168) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "pM") (:form . "pM") (:end . 171) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s216.7) (:did . :|93180775|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001943@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, the affinity of heterodimeric NFKB2(p49)/RelA(p65) for this site is approximately 6-fold higher (KD = 11.8 pM) than that of p49 alone.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "affinity") (:form . "affinity") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "heterodimeric") (:form . 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"KD") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "11.8") (:form . "11.8") (:end . 119) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pm") (:form . "pM") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p49") (:form . "p49") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "alone") (:form . "alone") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s216.8) (:did . :|93180775|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001944@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Consistent with these findings, in vitro transcription was stimulated 18-fold by the addition of preformed, heterodimeric NFKB2(p49)/RelA(p65) protein.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "Consistent") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "findings") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vitro") (:form . 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":") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-rel") (:form . "c-Rel") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p50") (:form . "p50") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p65") (:form . "p65") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s222.1) (:did . :|93189564|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001995@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Optimal activation of T cells requires at least two signals.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "optimal") (:form . 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(:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s222.4) (:did . :|93189564|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5001998@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this report, we show that in human peripheral blood T cells, CD28-mediated signal transduction involves the rel family proteins--c-Rel, p50, and p65.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s226.1) (:did . :|93194904|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002033@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The CD20 ( B1 ) gene encodes a B cell-specific protein involved in the regulation of human B cell proliferation and differentiation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CD20") (:form . "CD20") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B1") (:form . "B1") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encodes") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 257) (:start . 256)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:identifiers (:sid . :s226.4) (:did . :|93194904|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002036@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This sequence element was referred to as the BAT box and its deletion significantly reduced the activity of a CD20 promoter-CAT construct in B cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "referred") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . 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(:end . 192) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:ncues ((:id . :x229.8.1) (:span 163 166)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x229.8.1) (:span 163 191)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s229.8) (:did . :|93204975|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002068@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Finally, we did genomic footprinting of the HS-40 enhancer region in K562 cells, adult nucleated erythroblasts, and different nonerythroid cells.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "finally") (:form . "Finally") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "do") (:form . "did") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genomic") (:form . "genomic") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "footprinting") (:form . 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(:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s229.9) (:did . :|93204975|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002070@unknown@formal@none@1@S@On the other hand, only one of the apparently nonfunctional sequence motifs was bound with factors in vivo.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "On") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hand") (:form . "hand") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 300) (:start . 299)\n (:id . 95)))@@@1@54@((:ncues ((:id . :x233.2.1) (:span 246 249))\n ((:id . :x233.2.2) (:span 217 224)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x233.2.1) (:span 246 299))\n ((:id . :x233.2.2) (:span 217 237)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s233.2) (:did . :|93209552|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002097@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We demonstrate that the p105 and p98 precursors share functional properties with the I kappa B proteins, which also contain SWI6/ankyrin repeats.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p105") (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s236.5) (:did . :|93216805|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002128@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We show that this sequence binds the transcription factor Sp1 in vitro and in vivo.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . 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"expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 197) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CD11b") (:form . "CD11b") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x236.9.1) (:span 3 10)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x236.9.1) (:span 3 203)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s236.9) (:did . :|93216805|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002132@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Costimulation of peripheral blood T cell activation by human endothelial cells.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "costimulation") (:form . "Costimulation")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "peripheral") (:form . 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(:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s237.1) (:did . :|93224719|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002133@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Enhanced IL-2 transcription correlates with increased c-fos synthesis and increased Fos content of AP-1.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "enhance") (:form . "Enhanced") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2") (:form . "IL-2") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 27) (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "correlate") (:form . "correlates") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increased") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-fos") (:form . 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(:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s237.2) (:did . :|93224719|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002134@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Endothelial cells (EC) act as APC for resting PBL in vitro, and may have important roles in vivo in the pathogenesis of allograft rejection and delayed hypersensitivity.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "endothelial") (:form . "Endothelial") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "EC") (:form . "EC") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "act") (:form . "act") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . 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(:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x242.11.1) (:span 42 45)) ((:id . :x242.11.2) (:span 3 10)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x242.11.1) (:span 42 97))\n ((:id . :x242.11.2) (:span 3 132)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s242.11) (:did . :|93232271|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002194@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Lymphocytes from the site of disease suggest adenovirus is one cause of persistent or recurrent inflammatory arthritis.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "lymphocyte") (:form . "Lymphocytes") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s243.2) (:did . :|93233083|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002196@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The 3H-thymidine uptake procedure was employed, incorporating multiple microbiological antigens.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "3H-thymidine") (:form . "3H-thymidine") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "uptake") (:form . "uptake") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "procedure") (:form . "procedure") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "employ") (:form . "employed") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 237) (:start . 236)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:hcues ((:id . :x244.2.1) (:span 118 125)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x244.2.1) (:span 118 236)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s244.2) (:did . :|93238864|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002201@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Multiple TcR delta transcripts deriving from an unrearranged TcR delta gene were detected in both polyclonal and clonal CD3-CD16+ natural killer(NK) cell lines.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "Multiple") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tcr") (:form . "TcR") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "delta") (:form . "delta") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transcript") (:form . "transcripts") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "deriving") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"NNS") (:stem . "lymphocyte") (:form . "lymphocytes") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s244.4) (:did . :|93238864|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002203@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Sequence analysis of nine different 2.3-kb cDNA clones obtained from NK-derived polyA+ RNA confirmed that they corresponded to an unrearranged TcR delta gene.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "Sequence") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "nine") (:form . "nine") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . 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(:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s244.5) (:did . :|93238864|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002204@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These cDNA were 2343 bp long and their transcription initiation site was located 814 bp upstream from the J delta 1 segment.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "cDNA") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2343") (:form . "2343") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bp") (:form . "bp") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "long") (:form . "long") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x244.12.1) (:span 106 109))\n ((:id . :x244.12.2) (:span 82 92)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x244.12.1) (:span 106 197))\n ((:id . :x244.12.2) (:span 82 197)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s244.12) (:did . :|93238864|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002211@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Finally, no transcription of the RAG-1 gene could be detected in all NK cell lines or clones analyzed.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "finally") (:form . "Finally") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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"T-cells") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x246.8.1) (:span 63 66)) ((:id . :x246.8.2) (:span 14 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x246.8.1) (:span 63 134))\n ((:id . :x246.8.2) (:span 14 134)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s246.8) (:did . :|93242763|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002231@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Hypertension in pregnancy.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hypertension") (:form . "Hypertension") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pregnancy") (:form . "pregnancy") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s247.1) (:did . :|93244226|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002232@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a frequent cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pregnancy-induced") (:form . "Pregnancy-induced")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hypertension") (:form . "hypertension") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PIH") (:form . "PIH") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 36) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s247.2) (:did . :|93244226|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002233@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the present study we focused on the pathophysiology of PIH, mainly on the role of mineralocorticoids, reversed blood pressure patterns, and the resulting necessity of continuous monitoring of the preeclamptic mother.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "focus") (:form . 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(:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s247.3) (:did . :|93244226|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002234@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Problems of antihypertensive therapy are discussed and the first results of a pilot study with Urapidil are presented.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "problem") (:form . "Problems") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "antihypertensive") (:form . "antihypertensive")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "therapy") (:form . "therapy") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discuss") (:form . "discussed") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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(:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s247.5) (:did . :|93244226|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002236@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, we evaluated the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) count in mononuclear leukocytes in the 2 groups.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "evaluate") (:form . "evaluated") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mineralocorticoid") (:form . "mineralocorticoid")\n (:end . 47) (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . 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(:end . 255) (:start . 254)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s256.6) (:did . :|93264305|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002322@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Resting T-cell nuclear extracts contained KBF1/p50 homodimer.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "rest") (:form . "Resting") (:end . 7) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "T-cell") (:form . "T-cell") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "extract") (:form . "extracts") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contained") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kbf1/p50") (:form . "KBF1/p50") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homodimer") (:form . "homodimer") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s256.7) (:did . :|93264305|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002323@unknown@formal@none@1@S@After stimulation, two new kappa B-specific complexes were identified as NF-kappa B p50-p65 heterodimer and putative c-Rel homodimer or c-Rel-p65 heterodimer.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "After") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stimulation") (:form . "stimulation") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x256.8.1) (:span 133 135))\n ((:id . :x256.8.2) (:span 108 116)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x256.8.1) (:span 117 157))\n ((:id . :x256.8.2) (:span 108 157)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s256.8) (:did . :|93264305|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002324@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both inducible complexes persisted for at least 3 weeks.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inducible") (:form . "inducible") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "persist") (:form . "persisted") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . 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(:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s256.10) (:did . :|93264305|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002326@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In parallel, CD2 + CD28 activation triggered a significant intracellular thiol decrease, suggesting that oxygen radicals are involved in the signaling pathway of adhesion molecules.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "parallel") (:form . "parallel") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd2") (:form . "CD2") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "+") (:form . "+") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd28") (:form . "CD28") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . 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(:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:hcues ((:id . :x262.14.1) (:span 46 52)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x262.14.1) (:span 16 70)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s262.14) (:did . :|93275333|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002383@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A concatenated form of Epstein-Barr viral DNA in lymphoblastoid cell lines induced by transfection with BZLF1.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "concatenate") (:form . "concatenated") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "epstein-barr") (:form . "Epstein-Barr") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "viral") (:form . 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(:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s263.3) (:did . :|93276575|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002386@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We combined two techniques to identify the productive replicative form of Epstein-Barr viral DNA in the lytic cycle-induced cells.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "technique") (:form . "techniques") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identify") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s263.5) (:did . :|93276575|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002388@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This indicates an increase in either episomal DNA or concatameric linear DNA.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increase") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "episomal") (:form . "episomal") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:hcues ((:id . :x263.6.1) (:span 30 36 50 52))\n ((:id . :x263.6.3) (:span 5 14)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x263.6.1) (:span 30 76)) ((:id . :x263.6.3) (:span 5 76)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s263.6) (:did . :|93276575|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002390@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We propose from these results that the source of the fused fragment encompassing both ends of EBV DNA is a concatenated linear EBV DNA molecule, and that such a concatenated molecule most likely represents a replicative form of EBV DNA in productively infected cells.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "propose") (:form . "propose") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . 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"cells") (:end . 266)\n (:start . 261) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 267) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:hcues ((:id . :x263.8.1) (:span 188 194)) ((:id . :x263.8.2) (:span 3 10)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x263.8.1) (:span 188 266))\n ((:id . :x263.8.2) (:span 3 266)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s263.8) (:did . :|93276575|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002391@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Regulation of the beta-globin locus.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "Regulation") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beta-globin") (:form . "beta-globin") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "locus") (:form . "locus") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 36) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s264.1) (:did . :|93278095|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002392@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transcription of the human beta-globin gene cluster depends upon upstream regulatory sequences, which are collectively termed the locus control region.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "Transcription")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beta-globin") (:form . "beta-globin") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . 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(:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s264.3) (:did . :|93278095|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002394@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The crux of transcriptional activation is how the locus control region communicates with the gene-proximal regulatory elements.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "crux") (:form . "crux") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 27) (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "how") (:form . 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(:end . 248) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s274.2) (:did . :|93292612|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002476@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In order to understand the relationship, if any, between expression of GATA-1, response to Epo and erythroid differentiation, we analyzed the expression of GATA-1, Epo-R and globin genes in an Epo-dependent human cell line, UT-7 Epo.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "order") (:form . "order") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "understand") (:form . "understand") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "relationship") (:form . 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"to") (:form . "to") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Epo") (:form . "Epo") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "erythroid") (:form . "erythroid") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "differentiation") (:form . "differentiation")\n (:end . 124) (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzed") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 141) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 233) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s274.3) (:did . :|93292612|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002477@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The results were compared to those obtained with the parental granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF ) -dependent cell line, UT-7, which has a predominantly megakaryoblastic phenotype and is unable to proliferate continuously in the presence of Epo.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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(:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s274.7) (:did . :|93292612|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002481@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This difference in the number of binding sites could be due to differences in cell surface (UT-7 cells are 20 % smaller than the parental UT-7 cells) or in receptor turnover.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "difference") (:form . "difference") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . 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(:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x274.8.1) (:span 47 52)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x274.8.1) (:span 47 173)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s274.8) (:did . :|93292612|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002482@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By Northern analysis, UT-7 cells expressed detectable levels of beta- and gamma-globin but not alpha-globin.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "northern") (:form . "Northern") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "UT-7") (:form . "UT-7") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 229) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x283.2.1) (:span 15 28)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x283.2.1) (:span 15 228)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s283.2) (:did . :|93315600|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002557@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this report, we address the possibility of rapid mutational analysis of the androgen receptor gene for initial diagnosis, genetic counseling, and molecular subclassification of affected patients and their families.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s283.3) (:did . :|93315600|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002558@unknown@formal@none@1@S@DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes of six patients from five families with various degrees of androgen insensitivity was studied.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "peripheral") (:form . "peripheral") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blood") (:form . "blood") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "leukocyte") (:form . "leukocytes") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "six") (:form . 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(:end . 289) (:start . 288)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:identifiers (:sid . :s289.4) (:did . :|93329079|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002617@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We show that the ability to detect NF-ATp in a gel shift assay, which is essential for purification and biochemical studies of this protein, is strikingly dependent on the precise sequence of the NF-AT oligonucleotide used as the labeled probe.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ability") (:form . "ability") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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(:end . 244) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s289.5) (:did . :|93329079|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002618@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover we present evidence that the component that forms the faster-migrating ( " lower " ) nuclear NF-AT complex is derived by a calcium-dependent, cyclosporin-sensitive, posttranslational modification of NF-ATp, and that Fos and Jun proteins stabilize its interaction with DNA.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evidence") (:form . "evidence") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 281) (:start . 280)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s289.6) (:did . :|93329079|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002620@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Enhancing effect of 17 beta-estradiol on human NK cell activity.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "enhance") (:form . "Enhancing") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17") (:form . "17") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beta-estradiol") (:form . "beta-estradiol")\n (:end . 37) (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NK") (:form . 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(:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s290.2) (:did . :|93346062|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002622@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The proliferation and NK activity of YT-N17 (a human NK-like cell line) were enhanced by 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and the enhancement was blocked by tamoxifen (Tx), an antagonist of E2.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proliferation") (:form . "proliferation")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nk") (:form . "NK") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . 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"of") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "various") (:form . "various") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "immune") (:form . "immune") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s297.2) (:did . :|94075814|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002690@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using in situ hybridization on sections from non HIV hyperplastic lymph nodes, we found that the gene of the 105 kDa precursor of p50 was overexpressed in the light zone of germinal centers, with a network aspect, which suggested the involvement of follicular dendritic cells (FDC).@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . 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"germinal") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "center") (:form . "centers") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 195) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "network") (:form . "network") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aspect") (:form . "aspect") (:end . 212)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 219)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggested") (:end . 229)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 233) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "involvement") (:form . "involvement") (:end . 245)\n (:start . 234) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 248) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "follicular") (:form . "follicular") (:end . 259)\n (:start . 249) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dendritic") (:form . "dendritic") (:end . 269)\n (:start . 260) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 275)\n (:start . 270) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 277) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FDC") (:form . "FDC") (:end . 280) (:start . 277)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 281) (:start . 280)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 282) (:start . 281)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:hcues ((:id . :x297.4.1) (:span 220 229)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x297.4.1) (:span 220 281)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s297.4) (:did . :|94075814|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002691@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By immunohistochemistry, p50 protein was detected in the cytoplasm and nucleus of FDC, confirming the involvement of FDC.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "immunohistochemistry")\n (:form . "immunohistochemistry") (:end . 23) (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p50") (:form . "p50") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"the") (:form . "the") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "involvement") (:form . "involvement") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FDC") (:form . "FDC") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s297.5) (:did . :|94075814|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002692@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, p50 protein was detected in the cytoplasm of all lymphocytes.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p50") (:form . "p50") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cytoplasm") (:form . "cytoplasm") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "lymphocyte") (:form . "lymphocytes") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s297.6) (:did . :|94075814|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002693@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, we focused our study on isolated FDC clusters from normal tonsils.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "focus") (:form . "focused") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "isolate") (:form . "isolated") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FDC") (:form . "FDC") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "normal") (:form . "normal") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tonsil") (:form . "tonsils") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s297.7) (:did . :|94075814|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002694@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As showed on tissue sections, we detected the p50 in both cytoplasm and nucleus of FDC.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showed") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tissue") (:form . "tissue") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "section") (:form . "sections") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p50") (:form . "p50") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"lymphocytes") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FDC") (:form . "FDC") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s297.9) (:did . :|94075814|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002696@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We next studied p65 and c-Rel protein expression in FDC clusters.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "next") (:form . 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(:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s297.10) (:did . :|94075814|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002697@unknown@formal@none@1@S@p65 was detected in the cytoplasm of FDC, whereas nuclei were negative.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p65") (:form . "p65") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cytoplasm") (:form . "cytoplasm") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FDC") (:form . 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"repeat") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 191) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 204) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HTLV-I") (:form . "HTLV-I") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "basal") (:form . "basal") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 212) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 231) (:start . 218) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 232) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s298.3) (:did . :|94076456|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002705@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We identified a protein, p37, which specifically bound to DRE 1.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p37") (:form . "p37") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . "specifically") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bound") (:end . 54) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dre") (:form . "DRE") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s298.4) (:did . :|94076456|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002706@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An affinity column fraction, containing p37, stimulated HTLV-I transcription approximately 12-fold in vitro.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "An") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "affinity") (:form . "affinity") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "column") (:form . "column") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "fraction") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "containing") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p37") (:form . "p37") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "stimulate") (:form . "stimulated") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HTLV-I") (:form . "HTLV-I") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 76) (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 90) (:start . 77) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "12-fold") (:form . "12-fold") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vitro") (:form . "vitro") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s298.5) (:did . :|94076456|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002707@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We now report the identification of a cDNA clone (15B-7), from a Jurkat expression library, that binds specifically to the DRE 1 regulatory sequence.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "now") (:form . "now") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identification") (:form . "identification")\n (:end . 32) (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cdna") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "clone") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "15b-7") (:form . "15B-7") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Jurkat") (:form . "Jurkat") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "library") (:form . "library") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binds") (:end . 102) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . "specifically") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 122) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DRE") (:form . "DRE") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s298.6) (:did . :|94076456|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002708@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Binding of the cDNA fusion protein, similarly to the results obtained with purified Jurkat protein, was decreased by introduction of site-specific mutations in the DRE 1 regulatory sequence.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "Binding") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cdna") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fusion") (:form . "fusion") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "similarly") (:form . "similarly") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtained") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "purify") (:form . "purified") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Jurkat") (:form . "Jurkat") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "decrease") (:form . "decreased") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "introduction") (:form . "introduction") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "site-specific") (:form . "site-specific")\n (:end . 146) (:start . 133) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 159) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DRE") (:form . "DRE") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s298.7) (:did . :|94076456|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002710@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The partial cDNA encodes a protein which is homologous to the C-terminal 196 amino acids of the 36-kDa transcription factor, YB-1.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "partial") (:form . "partial") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cdna") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encodes") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homologous") (:form . "homologous") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "196") (:form . "196") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "36-kda") (:form . "36-kDa") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 116) (:start . 103) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "YB-1") (:form . "YB-1") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s298.9) (:did . :|94076456|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002711@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Cotransfection of a YB-1 expression plasmid increases HTLV-I basal transcription approximately 14-fold in Jurkat T lymphocytes.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cotransfection") (:form . "Cotransfection")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yb-1") (:form . "YB-1") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "plasmid") (:form . "plasmid") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increases") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HTLV-I") (:form . "HTLV-I") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "basal") (:form . "basal") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 80) (:start . 67) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 94) (:start . 81) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "14-fold") (:form . "14-fold") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Jurkat") (:form . "Jurkat") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "lymphocyte") (:form . "lymphocytes") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s298.10) (:did . :|94076456|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002712@unknown@formal@none@1@S@On the basis of the molecular weight, DNA-binding characteristics, and in vivo transactivation activity, we suggest that the previously identified DRE 1-binding protein, p37, is YB-1.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "On") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "basis") (:form . "basis") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "molecular") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "weight") (:form . "weight") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dna-binding") (:form . "DNA-binding") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "characteristic") (:form . "characteristics")\n (:end . 65) (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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"previously") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dre") (:form . "DRE") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "1-binding") (:form . "1-binding") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p37") (:form . "p37") (:end . 173) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 177) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yb-1") (:form . "YB-1") (:end . 182) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x298.11.1) (:span 108 115)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x298.11.1) (:span 108 182)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s298.11) (:did . :|94076456|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002713@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and the human immune system.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "chlorinate") (:form . "Chlorinated") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dibenzo-p-dioxin") (:form . "dibenzo-p-dioxins")\n (:end . 29) (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dibenzofuran") (:form . "dibenzofurans")\n (:end . 47) (:start . 34) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 362) (:start . 361)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:identifiers (:sid . :s299.3) (:did . :|94077003|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002716@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The hypothesis to be tested was whether or not humans exhibit a similar susceptibility to PCDDs/PCDFs with respect to the surface receptors found previously to respond to small doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in Callithrix jacchus.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hypothesis") (:form . "hypothesis") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 27) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x299.6.1) (:span 93 101)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x299.6.1) (:span 93 129)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s299.6) (:did . :|94077003|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002720@unknown@formal@none@1@S@There were two main goals: ( 1 ) to evaluate whether workers with a moderately increased PCDD/PCDF-body burden [25-140 ppt TCDD or 104-522 ppt I-TE in blood fat] exhibit changes in the surface receptors of white blood cells, as observed in previous studies in non-human primates, and ( 2 ) to clarify whether persons at the upper range [10-23 ppt TCDD or 30-90 ppt I-TE in blood fat] of the body burden reference values of a not particularly exposed population show detectable deviations in these immunological variables, when compared with persons at the lower and medium range [1-3 ppt TCDD or 9-29 ppt I-TE] of these body burden reference values.@(((:tag . 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(:end . 205) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s301.5) (:did . :|94085904|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002744@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Aldosterone receptors were normal in both patients when studied after the surgical correction of the obstruction.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Aldosterone") (:form . "Aldosterone") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptors") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "normal") (:form . "normal") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "patient") (:form . 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(:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s301.6) (:did . :|94085904|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002745@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The macrophage transcription factor PU.1 directs tissue-specific expression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "macrophage") (:form . "macrophage") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pu.1") (:form . "PU.1") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "direct") (:form . "directs") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tissue-specific") (:form . 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(:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s302.1) (:did . :|94088534|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002746@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor is expressed in a tissue-specific fashion from two distinct promoters in monocytes/macrophages and the placenta.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "macrophage") (:form . "macrophage") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "colony-stimulating") (:form . "colony-stimulating")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "M-CSF") (:form . "M-CSF") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressed") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tissue-specific") (:form . "tissue-specific")\n (:end . 91) (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fashion") (:form . "fashion") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoters") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "monocytes/macrophage")\n (:form . "monocytes/macrophages") (:end . 152) (:start . 131) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 156) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 160) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "placenta") (:form . "placenta") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s302.2) (:did . :|94088534|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002747@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In order to further understand the transcription factors which play a role in the commitment of multipotential progenitors to the monocyte/macrophage lineage, we have initiated an investigation of the factors which activate the M-CSF receptor very early during the monocyte differentiation process.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "order") (:form . "order") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "understand") (:form . 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"M-CSF") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 242)\n (:start . 234) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "very") (:form . "very") (:end . 247) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "early") (:form . "early") (:end . 253)\n (:start . 248) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 260)\n (:start . 254) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 264) (:start . 261)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "monocyte") (:form . "monocyte") (:end . 273)\n (:start . 265) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "differentiation") (:form . "differentiation")\n (:end . 289) (:start . 274) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "process") (:form . "process") (:end . 297)\n (:start . 290) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 298) (:start . 297)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s302.3) (:did . :|94088534|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002748@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we demonstrate that the human monocytic M-CSF receptor promoter directs reporter gene activity in a tissue-specific fashion.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "monocytic") (:form . 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"tissue-specific")\n (:end . 120) (:start . 105) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fashion") (:form . "fashion") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s302.4) (:did . :|94088534|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002750@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we demonstrate that both in vitro-translated PU.1 and PU.1 from nuclear extracts bind to a specific site in the M-CSF receptor promoter just upstream from the major transcription initiation site.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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"RB") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 159) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "major") (:form . "major") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 183) (:start . 170) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "initiation") (:form . "initiation") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 199) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s302.6) (:did . :|94088534|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002751@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mutations in this site which eliminate PU.1 binding decrease M-CSF receptor promoter activity significantly in macrophage cell lines only.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "Mutations") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "eliminate") (:form . "eliminate") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pu.1") (:form . 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(:end . 288) (:start . 287)\n (:id . 97)))@@@1@56@((:identifiers (:sid . :s309.4) (:did . :|94119067|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002825@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The PB1 sequence motif is highly conserved in both human and murine GM-CSF genes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pb1") (:form . "PB1") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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(:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s309.5) (:did . :|94119067|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002826@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this report, we demonstrate that the PB1 element alone confers inducibility on a heterologous promoter following transfection into human Jurkat T cells.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s310.4) (:did . :|94119088|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002835@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Tax-mediated transformation of T cells likely involves the deregulated expression of various cellular genes that normally regulate lymphocyte growth produced by altered activity of various endogenous host transcription factors.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tax-mediated") (:form . "Tax-mediated") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transformation") (:form . "transformation")\n (:end . 27) (:start . 13) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "likely") (:form . 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(:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s312.10) (:did . :|94129004|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002864@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These results indicate that RA directly inhibits the erythroid differentiation program at the level of early adult HPC, and may lead to a shift from the erythroid to granulocytic differentiation pathway.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RA") (:form . "RA") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "directly") (:form . 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(:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x312.11.1) (:span 124 127))\n ((:id . :x312.11.2) (:span 14 27)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x312.11.1) (:span 124 202))\n ((:id . :x312.11.2) (:span 14 202)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s312.11) (:did . :|94129004|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002865@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This phenomenon is correlated with inhibition of GATA1 induction in the early stages of erythropoietic differentiation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phenomenon") (:form . "phenomenon") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "correlate") (:form . "correlated") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . 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(:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x313.8.1) (:span 41 44)) ((:id . :x313.8.2) (:span 23 27)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x313.8.1) (:span 41 63))\n ((:id . :x313.8.2) (:span 23 32)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s313.8) (:did . :|94132650|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002874@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This was due to the presence of active NF-kappa B complexes in the nucleus of CD45- T cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "due") (:form . "due") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . 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(:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s313.10) (:did . :|94132650|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002876@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, CD45 plays an active role in the physiology of T cells and in the replication of HIV-1.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CD45") (:form . "CD45") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "play") (:form . "plays") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . "active") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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(:end . 320) (:start . 319)\n (:id . 107)))@@@1@66@((:identifiers (:sid . :s323.4) (:did . :|94214477|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002955@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This dispersed localization of a group of functionally related gene provides insights into the molecular mechanism of human genome evolution and their possible involvement in human diseases.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dispersed") (:form . "dispersed") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "localization") (:form . "localization") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "group") (:form . "group") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"diseases") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x323.5.1) (:span 151 159)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x323.5.1) (:span 151 189)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s323.5) (:did . :|94214477|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002956@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Patterns of Pan expression and role of Pan proteins in endocrine cell type-specific complex formation.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pattern") (:form . "Patterns") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pan") (:form . "Pan") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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(:end . 223) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s326.5) (:did . :|94243031|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5002981@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study, we obtained evidence that transfection of the cDNAs for CN A (catalytic) and CN B (regulatory) subunits also augments transcription from the GM-CSF promoter and recovers the transcription inhibited by CsA.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtained") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:ncues ((:id . :x331.7.1) (:span 167 174)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x331.7.1) (:span 167 186)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s331.7) (:did . :|94284067|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003037@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Cipro did not affect the nuclear transcription factors AP-1 or NFIL-2A.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Cipro") (:form . "Cipro") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "do") (:form . "did") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "affect") (:form . "affect") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:ncues ((:id . :x331.8.1) (:span 10 13)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x331.8.1) (:span 10 70)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s331.8) (:did . :|94284067|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003038@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Taken together, cipro inhibited IFN-gamma synthesis, but enhanced IL-2 production in murine lymphocytes by means of influencing NFAT-1 and causing an increased IL-2 transcription.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "Taken") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "together") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cipro") (:form . "cipro") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "inhibit") (:form . "inhibited") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . 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(:end . 249) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:hcues ((:id . :x332.6.1) (:span 190 193))\n ((:id . :x332.6.2) (:span 127 137)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x332.6.3) (:span 89 95)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x332.6.1) (:span 190 248))\n ((:id . :x332.6.2) (:span 127 248)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x332.6.3) (:span 89 125)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s332.6) (:did . :|94285936|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003045@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By assaying CAT enzyme activity across a 24-h PRL induction time course, we were able to assign G1 vs. S phase PRL responses of the IRF-1 gene to different regions of the IRF-1 5'-flanking and promoter DNA.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "assay") (:form . "assaying") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CAT") (:form . "CAT") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 286) (:start . 285)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:ncues ((:id . :x344.5.1) (:span 183 186)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x344.5.1) (:span 183 192)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s344.5) (:did . :|96180219|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003151@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that IL-4, but not IL-10, inhibited nuclear NF-kappaB activity, and that IL-4 and IL-10 did not affect NF-IL-6 activity.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "electrophoretic") (:form . "Electrophoretic")\n (:end . 15) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mobility") (:form . "mobility") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shift") (:form . "shift") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "assay") (:form . "assays") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showed") (:end . 44) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x344.8.2) (:span 132 135)) ((:id . :x344.8.3) (:span 32 35))\n ((:id . :x344.8.4) (:span 14 21)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x344.8.1) (:span 189 196)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x344.8.2) (:span 132 226))\n ((:id . :x344.8.3) (:span 32 118)) ((:id . :x344.8.4) (:span 14 226)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x344.8.1) (:span 189 226)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s344.8) (:did . :|96180219|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003154@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, we conclude that IL-4 and IL-10 inhibit IL-6 production by different mechanisms in human monocytic cell lines.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . 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(:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s357.5) (:did . :|96279126|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003281@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A decrease in helicase and DNA-dependent ATPase activities was also observed with the mutated recombinant XPB protein.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "decrease") (:form . "decrease") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "helicase") (:form . "helicase") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dna-dependent") (:form . "DNA-dependent")\n (:end . 40) (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ATPase") (:form . 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(:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s357.8) (:did . :|96279126|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003284@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The latter defect may provide an explanation for many of the XP and CS symptoms that are difficult to rationalize based solely on an NER defect.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "latter") (:form . "latter") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "defect") (:form . "defect") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "explanation") (:form . 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(:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x357.9.1) (:span 18 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x357.9.1) (:span 18 143)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s357.9) (:did . :|96279126|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003285@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, this work presents the first detailed analysis of a naturally occurring mutation in a basal transcription factor and supports the concept that the combined XP/CS clinical entity is actually the result of a combined transcription/repair deficiency.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "work") (:form . "work") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "present") (:form . 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(:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x360.10.1) (:span 125 135)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x360.10.2) (:span 9 12)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x360.10.1) (:span 125 200)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x360.10.2) (:span 9 123)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s360.10) (:did . :|96290415|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003313@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ATRA-induced expression of IRF-1, an activator of transcription and repressor of transformation, may be one of the molecular mechanisms of ATRA-induced growth inhibition, and the basis for the synergistic actions of ATRA and IFNs in myeloid leukemia cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "atra-induced") (:form . "ATRA-induced") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 260) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:hcues ((:id . :x360.11.1) (:span 101 104)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x360.11.1) (:span 101 259)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s360.11) (:did . :|96290415|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003314@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The c-Jun delta-domain inhibits neuroendocrine promoter activity in a DNA sequence- and pituitary-specific manner.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-jun") (:form . "c-Jun") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "delta-domain") (:form . "delta-domain") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "inhibit") (:form . "inhibits") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "neuroendocrine") (:form . "neuroendocrine")\n (:end . 46) (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . 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(:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s361.1) (:did . :|96291858|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003315@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The transcription and transformation activity of c-Jun is governed by a 27-amino acid regulatory motif, labeled the delta-domain, which is deleted in v-Jun.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transformation") (:form . "transformation")\n (:end . 36) (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s361.2) (:did . :|96291858|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003316@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have previously shown that c-Jun is a potent inhibitor of the rat prolactin (rPRL) promoter activity induced by either oncogenic Ras or phorbol esters.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-jun") (:form . "c-Jun") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"promoter") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "induce") (:form . "induced") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "oncogenic") (:form . "oncogenic") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ras") (:form . "Ras") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 138) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phorbol") (:form . "phorbol") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ester") (:form . "esters") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s361.3) (:did . :|96291858|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003317@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here, we have characterized the structural and cell-specific requirements for this c-Jun inhibitory response, and we show that this c-Jun inhibitory response mapped to the rPRL footprint II repressor site, was pituitary-specific and required the c-Jun delta-domain.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterized")\n (:end . 27) (:start . 14) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"and") (:end . 232) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 241)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 245) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-jun") (:form . "c-Jun") (:end . 251)\n (:start . 246) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "delta-domain") (:form . "delta-domain") (:end . 264)\n (:start . 252) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 265) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s361.4) (:did . :|96291858|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003318@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, alteration of any one of these features (e.g., cis-element, trans-factor, or cell-specific background) switched c-Jun to a transcriptional activator of the rPRL promoter.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . 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"c-Jun") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 148) (:start . 133) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activator") (:form . "activator") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 161) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rprl") (:form . "rPRL") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s361.5) (:did . :|96291858|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003320@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Finally, recombinant GHF-1 interacted directly with c-Jun but not c-Fos proteins.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "finally") (:form . "Finally") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "recombinant") (:form . "recombinant") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ghf-1") (:form . "GHF-1") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacted") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "directly") (:form . "directly") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-jun") (:form . "c-Jun") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-fos") (:form . "c-Fos") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:ncues ((:id . :x361.7.1) (:span 62 65)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x361.7.1) (:span 62 80)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s361.7) (:did . :|96291858|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003321@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These data provide important fundamental insights into the molecular mechanisms by which the c-Jun delta-domain functions as a modulatory switch and further imply that the functional role of c-Jun is dictated by cell-specific influences and the delta-domain motif.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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"delta-domain") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "modulatory") (:form . "modulatory") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "switch") (:form . "switch") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 148) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "imply") (:form . "imply") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 167) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 171) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "functional") (:form . "functional") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 187) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 190) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-jun") (:form . "c-Jun") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 199) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "dictate") (:form . "dictated") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 211) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cell-specific") (:form . "cell-specific")\n (:end . 225) (:start . 212) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "influence") (:form . "influences") (:end . 236)\n (:start . 226) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 240) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 244) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "delta-domain") (:form . "delta-domain") (:end . 257)\n (:start . 245) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 263)\n (:start . 258) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 264) (:start . 263)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x361.8.1) (:span 157 162)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x361.8.1) (:span 157 263)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s361.8) (:did . :|96291858|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003322@unknown@formal@none@1@S@BCL-6, a POZ/zinc-finger protein, is a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BCL-6") (:form . "BCL-6") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "POZ/zinc-finger") (:form . "POZ/zinc-finger")\n (:end . 24) (:start . 9) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sequence-specific") (:form . "sequence-specific")\n (:end . 56) (:start . 39) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 72) (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repressor") (:form . "repressor") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s362.1) (:did . :|96293454|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003323@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Approximately 40% of diffuse large cell lymphoma are associated with chromosomal translocations that deregulate the expression of the BCL6 gene by juxtaposing heterologous promoters to the BCL-6 coding domain.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "Approximately")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "40") (:form . "40") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diffuse") (:form . "diffuse") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large") (:form . 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"to") (:end . 184) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 188) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bcl-6") (:form . "BCL-6") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coding") (:form . "coding") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s362.2) (:did . :|96293454|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003324@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The BCL6 gene encodes a 95-kDa protein containing six C-terminal zinc-finger motifs and an N-terminal POZ domain, suggesting that it may function as a transcription factor.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . 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"VB") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 164) (:start . 151) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x362.3.1) (:span 133 136))\n ((:id . :x362.3.2) (:span 114 124)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x362.3.1) (:span 133 171))\n ((:id . :x362.3.2) (:span 114 171)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s362.3) (:did . :|96293454|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003325@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By using a DNA sequence selected for its ability to bind recombinant BCL-6 in vitro, we show here that BCL-6 is present in DNA-binding complexes in nuclear extracts from various B-cell lines.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . 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"protein") (:end . 235)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 236) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s362.5) (:did . :|96293454|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003327@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We demonstrate that this part of the BCL6 molecule contains an autonomous transrepressor domain and that two noncontiguous regions, including the POZ motif, mediate maximum transrepressive activity.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . 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"and") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "noncontiguous") (:form . "noncontiguous")\n (:end . 122) (:start . 109) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "POZ") (:form . "POZ") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . "mediate") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "maximum") (:form . "maximum") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transrepressive") (:form . "transrepressive")\n (:end . 188) (:start . 173) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s362.6) (:did . :|96293454|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003328@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These results indicate that the BCL-6 protein can function as a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor and have implications for the role of BCL6 in normal lymphoid development and lymphomagenesis.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . 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"bcl6") (:form . "BCL6") (:end . 150) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "normal") (:form . "normal") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lymphoid") (:form . "lymphoid") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lymphomagenesis") (:form . "lymphomagenesis")\n (:end . 201) (:start . 186) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x362.7.1) (:span 46 49)) ((:id . :x362.7.2) (:span 14 27)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x362.7.1) (:span 46 107))\n ((:id . :x362.7.2) (:span 14 107)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s362.7) (:did . :|96293454|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003330@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Constitutive expression of IFN-alpha5 and IFN-beta was detected in different lymphoid cells including peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal individuals following amplification of IFN mRNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of the amplified product.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "constitutive") (:form . "Constitutive") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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"IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 283) (:start . 281)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 287) (:start . 284)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 295)\n (:start . 288) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 296) (:start . 295)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:ncues ((:id . :x364.4.1) (:span 256 263))\n ((:id . :x364.4.2) (:span 64 67)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x364.4.1) (:span 256 295))\n ((:id . :x364.4.2) (:span 44 111)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s364.4) (:did . :|96305196|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003340@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our results emphasize the multiple levels at which NFAT-dependent transactivation is regulated, and predict significant differences in the architecture of cooperative transcription complexes containing different NFAT-family proteins.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . 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(:end . 233) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s364.6) (:did . :|96305196|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003341@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Ets protein Spi-B is expressed exclusively in B cells and T cells during development.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ets") (:form . "Ets") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "spi-b") (:form . "Spi-B") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressed") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "exclusively") (:form . "exclusively") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s365.1) (:did . :|96305203|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003342@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Spi-B and PU.1 are hematopoietic-specific transcription factors that constitute a subfamily of the Ets family of DNA-binding proteins.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Spi-B") (:form . "Spi-B") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PU.1") (:form . "PU.1") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hematopoietic-specific")\n (:form . "hematopoietic-specific") (:end . 41) (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 55) (:start . 42) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . 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"DNA-binding") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s365.2) (:did . :|96305203|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003343@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we show that contrary to previous reports, PU.1 and Spi-B have very different expression patterns.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "contrary") (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pattern") (:form . "patterns") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s365.3) (:did . :|96305203|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003344@unknown@formal@none@1@S@PU.1 is expressed at high levels in B cells, mast cells, megakaryocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and immature erythroid cells and at lower levels in mature erythrocytes.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PU.1") (:form . "PU.1") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressed") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . 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(:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s369.3) (:did . :|96320604|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003376@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The strong inhibition of the IL-6 transcription rate prompted us to study the effect of IL-10 and IL-4 on the expression of transcription factors.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "strong") (:form . "strong") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inhibition") (:form . "inhibition") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IL-6") (:form . "IL-6") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . 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(:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s372.4) (:did . :|96323103|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003413@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In lymphoid cell lines only, the E(gre)-binding protein complexes included ALF1 or HEB and E2A basic helix-loop-helix proteins.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lymphoid") (:form . "lymphoid") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s372.6) (:did . :|96323103|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003415@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ALF1 transactivated transcription of Akv MLV through the two E(gre) motifs equally, whereas E2A protein required the promoter-proximal E(gre) motif.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alf1") (:form . "ALF1") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "transactivate") (:form . "transactivated")\n (:end . 19) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Akv") (:form . "Akv") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MLV") (:form . "MLV") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"motif") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s372.8) (:did . :|96323103|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003417@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, neither E(gre) nor EA/S motifs contributed pronouncedly to Akv MLV transcription in NIH 3T3 cells lacking DNA-binding ALF1 or HEB and E2A proteins.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s373.1) (:did . :|96323172|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003422@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Rex protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 is required for the nuclear export of unspliced viral mRNA and , therefore , for virus replication.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Rex") (:form . "Rex") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t-cell") (:form . "T-cell") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "leukemia") (:form . 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(:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s373.3) (:did . :|96323172|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003424@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These findings are consistent with a model for Rex-mediated trans-activation in which Rex-viral mRNA complexes are targeted for nuclear export by the direct action of the activation domain.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "findings") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "consistent") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 36) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s377.5) (:did . :|96329578|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003461@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By immunofluorescence, LYSP100 was localized to nuclear dots that were surprisingly largely nonoverlapping with PML NBs.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "immunofluorescence") (:form . "immunofluorescence")\n (:end . 21) (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "LYSP100") (:form . "LYSP100") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "localized") (:form . "localized") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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(:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s377.7) (:did . :|96329578|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003463@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We term the LYSP100 structures "LANDs, " for LYSP100-associated nuclear domains.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "term") (:form . "term") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lysp100") (:form . "LYSP100") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structures") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "\\"LANDs") (:form . "\\"LANDs") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . 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(:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s377.9) (:did . :|96329578|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003465@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Immunoelectron microscopy revealed LANDs to be globular, electron-dense structures morphologically distinct from the annular structures characteristic of PML NBs.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Immunoelectron") (:form . "Immunoelectron")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "microscopy") (:form . "microscopy") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "reveal") (:form . "revealed") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "land") (:form . "LANDs") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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"treatment") (:form . "treatment") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x378.8.1) (:span 166 169)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x378.8.1) (:span 166 218)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s378.8) (:did . :|96330347|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003477@unknown@formal@none@1@S@CTL recognition of an altered peptide associated with asparagine bond rearrangement.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CTL") (:form . "CTL") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recognition") (:form . "recognition") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "altered") (:form . 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(:end . 229) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s379.5) (:did . :|96338163|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003482@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The CTL specifically recognized the succinimide-containing peptide showing only weak cross-reactivity at high concentrations of the parent peptide containing unmodified asparagine.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CTL") (:form . "CTL") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . "specifically") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "recognize") (:form . "recognized") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "succinimide-containing")\n (:form . 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(:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:ncues ((:id . :x394.5.1) (:span 44 50)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x394.5.1) (:span 44 99)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s394.5) (:did . :|96382512|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003625@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Activation of the erythropoietin receptor caused specific DNA-binding of Stat 5b, but failed to induce reporter gene transcription.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Activation") (:form . "Activation") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "erythropoietin") (:form . "erythropoietin")\n (:end . 32) (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "cause") (:form . 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(:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s395.1) (:did . :|96387353|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003628@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The immunosuppressants cyclosporin A (CsA) and FK506 have been widely used to prevent and treat graft rejection after human organ and tissue transplantations.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "immunosuppressant") (:form . "immunosuppressants")\n (:end . 22) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cyclosporin") (:form . "cyclosporin") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 36) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CsA") (:form . "CsA") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . 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(:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s395.5) (:did . :|96387353|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003632@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this report, we demonstrate that the corresponding mutations in murine calcineurin render the T cell receptor signal transduction cascade CsA resistant in human Jurkat T cells.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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(:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s401.5) (:did . :|96404971|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003670@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The 5' flanking sequence has promoter activity which is elevated by interferon alpha.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "'") (:form . "'") (:end . 6) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "flanking") (:form . "flanking") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "elevate") (:form . "elevated") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interferon") (:form . "interferon") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alpha") (:form . "alpha") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s401.7) (:did . :|96404971|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003671@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The findings indicate that MNDA expression is regulated by mechanisms similar to other myelomonocytic cell specific genes and genes up-regulated by interferon alpha.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "findings") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MNDA") (:form . "MNDA") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulated") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanisms") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "myelomonocytic") (:form . "myelomonocytic")\n (:end . 101) (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "up-regulate") (:form . "up-regulated") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interferon") (:form . "interferon") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alpha") (:form . "alpha") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x401.8.1) (:span 13 26)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x401.8.1) (:span 13 164)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s401.8) (:did . :|96404971|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003672@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Regulation of GM-CSF gene transcription by core-binding factor.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Regulation") (:form . "Regulation") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GM-CSF") (:form . "GM-CSF") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 39) (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core-binding") (:form . "core-binding") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s402.1) (:did . :|96405269|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003673@unknown@formal@none@1@S@GM-CSF gene activation in T cells is known to involve the transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B, AP-1, NFAT, and Sp1.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GM-CSF") (:form . "GM-CSF") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . 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(:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s402.2) (:did . :|96405269|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003674@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we demonstrate that the human GM-CSF promoter and enhancer also encompass binding sites for core-binding factor (CBF).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GM-CSF") (:form . "GM-CSF") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "encompass") (:form . "encompass") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core-binding") (:form . "core-binding") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CBF") (:form . "CBF") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s402.3) (:did . :|96405269|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003675@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Significantly, the CBF sites are in each case contained within the minimum essential core regions required for inducible activation of transcription.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "Significantly")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"essential") (:form . "essential") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inducible") (:form . "inducible") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 148) (:start . 135) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s402.4) (:did . :|96405269|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003676@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, these core regions of the enhancer and promoter each encompass closely linked binding sites for CBF, AP-1, and NFATp.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"for") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CBF") (:form . "CBF") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ap-1") (:form . "AP-1") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NFATp") (:form . "NFATp") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s402.5) (:did . :|96405269|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003677@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The GM-CSF promoter CBF site TGTGGTCA is located 51 bp upstream of the transcription start site and also overlaps a YY-1 binding site.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GM-CSF") (:form . "GM-CSF") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CBF") (:form . "CBF") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TGTGGTCA") (:form . "TGTGGTCA") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "located") (:form . "located") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "51") (:form . "51") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bp") (:form . "bp") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 84) (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "start") (:form . "start") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . 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"(") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAR") (:form . "RAR") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "term") (:form . "termed") (:end . 55) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAR") (:form . "RAR") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alpha") (:form . "alpha") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAR") (:form . "RAR") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beta") (:form . "beta") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rar") (:form . "RAR") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gamma") (:form . "gamma") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s408.2) (:did . :|96413288|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003731@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They are composed of different structural domains, including distinct domains for DNA and ligand binding.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compose") (:form . "composed") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "structural") (:form . "structural") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ligand") (:form . "ligand") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s408.3) (:did . :|96413288|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003732@unknown@formal@none@1@S@RARs specifically bind all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), 9-cis-RA, and retinoid analogs.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAR") (:form . "RARs") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . "specifically") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "all-trans-retinoic") (:form . "all-trans-retinoic")\n (:end . 41) (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RA") (:form . "RA") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "9-cis-RA") (:form . "9-cis-RA") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "retinoid") (:form . "retinoid") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "analog") (:form . "analogs") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s408.4) (:did . :|96413288|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003733@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study, we examined the functional role of cysteine and arginine residues in the ligand-binding domain of hRAR alpha (hRAR alpha-LBD, amino acids 154 to 462).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examined") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "functional") (:form . "functional") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cysteine") (:form . "cysteine") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "arginine") (:form . "arginine") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ligand-binding") (:form . "ligand-binding")\n (:end . 102) (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "hRAR") (:form . "hRAR") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alpha") (:form . "alpha") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "hRAR") (:form . "hRAR") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alpha-lbd") (:form . "alpha-LBD") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "154") (:form . "154") (:end . 156) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 159) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "462") (:form . "462") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s408.5) (:did . :|96413288|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003734@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All conserved cysteine and arginine residues in this domain were mutated by site-directed mutagenesis, and the mutant proteins were characterized by blocking reactions, ligand-binding experiments, transactivation assays, and protease mapping.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cysteine") (:form . "cysteine") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "arginine") (:form . "arginine") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mutate") (:form . "mutated") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "site-directed") (:form . "site-directed")\n (:end . 89) (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutagenesis") (:form . "mutagenesis") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 131) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterized")\n (:end . 145) (:start . 132) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "block") (:form . "blocking") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "reaction") (:form . "reactions") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ligand-binding") (:form . "ligand-binding")\n (:end . 183) (:start . 169) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transactivation") (:form . "transactivation")\n (:end . 212) (:start . 197) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "assay") (:form . "assays") (:end . 219)\n (:start . 213) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 220) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 224) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protease") (:form . "protease") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mapping") (:form . "mapping") (:end . 241)\n (:start . 234) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 242) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s408.6) (:did . :|96413288|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003735@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Changes of any cysteine residue of the hRAR alpha-LBD had no significant influence on the binding of all-trans RA or 9-cis RA.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "change") (:form . "Changes") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cysteine") (:form . "cysteine") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residue") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "hRAR") (:form . "hRAR") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alpha-lbd") (:form . "alpha-LBD") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "influence") (:form . "influence") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "all-trans") (:form . "all-trans") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RA") (:form . "RA") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "9-cis") (:form . "9-cis") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RA") (:form . "RA") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s408.7) (:did . :|96413288|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003736@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interestingly, residue C-235 is specifically important in antagonist binding.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "interestingly") (:form . "Interestingly")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residue") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-235") (:form . "C-235") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . "specifically") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "antagonist") (:form . "antagonist") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s408.8) (:did . :|96413288|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003737@unknown@formal@none@1@S@With respect to arginine residues, only the two single mutations of R-276 and R-394 to alanine showed a dramatic decrease of agonist and antagonist binding whereas the R272A mutation showed only a slight effect.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "With") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "respect") (:form . "respect") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "arginine") (:form . "arginine") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "R-276") (:form . "R-276") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "r-394") (:form . "R-394") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alanine") (:form . "alanine") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showed") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dramatic") (:form . "dramatic") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "decrease") (:form . "decrease") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "agonist") (:form . "agonist") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "antagonist") (:form . "antagonist") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whereas") (:form . 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(:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s408.9) (:did . :|96413288|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003738@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For all other arginine mutations, no differences in affinity were detectable.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "arginine") (:form . "arginine") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "difference") (:form . 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"these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e3") (:form . "E3") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hematopoietic-specific")\n (:form . "hematopoietic-specific") (:end . 58) (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:ncues ((:id . :x415.5.1) (:span 126 133)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x415.5.1) (:span 126 189)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s415.5) (:did . :|96437048|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003812@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have studied 48 patients with polycythemia vera and four patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studied") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "48") (:form . "48") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "patient") (:form . "patients") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s415.6) (:did . :|96437048|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003813@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In each case, cytogenetic analysis had either failed or had shown no abnormalities of chromosome 20.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cytogenetic") (:form . "cytogenetic") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . 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(:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:ncues ((:id . :x415.7.1) (:span 66 68)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x415.7.1) (:span 66 99)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s415.7) (:did . :|96437048|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003814@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Seventeen microsatellite markers that span the common deleted region were used to search for loss of heterozygosity in granulocyte DNA.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "seventeen") (:form . "Seventeen") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "microsatellite") (:form . "microsatellite")\n (:end . 24) (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "marker") (:form . "markers") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "span") (:form . "span") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s415.10) (:did . :|96437048|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003817@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In each case the allele loss was caused by an interstitial deletion because heterozygosity at distal markers was retained and because quantitative Southern blotting demonstrated hemizygosity.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "allele") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "loss") (:form . "loss") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . 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(:form . ".") (:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s415.11) (:did . :|96437048|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003818@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Loss of heterozygosity in PB granulocytes would be masked by the presence of significant numbers of normal granulocytes not derived from the malignant clone.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "loss") (:form . "Loss") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heterozygosity") (:form . "heterozygosity")\n (:end . 22) (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PB") (:form . "PB") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "granulocyte") (:form . "granulocytes") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . 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(:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x415.12.2) (:span 42 47)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x415.12.1) (:span 120 123)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x415.12.2) (:span 0 156)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x415.12.1) (:span 120 156)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s415.12) (:did . :|96437048|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003820@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In 21 of 27 informative female patients the majority of the granulocytes were clonally derived.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "27") (:form . "27") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "informative") (:form . "informative") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s415.14) (:did . :|96437048|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003821@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In 5 patients the granulocytes appeared polyclonal and in 1 patient unilateral X inactivation was observed in both granulocytes and T cells.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 4) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "patient") (:form . "patients") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "granulocyte") (:form . "granulocytes") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appeared") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "polyclonal") (:form . 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(:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x415.15.1) (:span 31 39)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x415.15.1) (:span 31 50)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s415.15) (:did . :|96437048|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003822@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These results show that , in the vast majority of patients presented here, the failure to detect loss of heterozygosity can not be attributed to the presence of normal polyclonal granulocytes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"induce") (:form . "induce") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 161) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 181) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MMTV") (:form . "MMTV") (:end . 186) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s416.7) (:did . :|97000328|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003831@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To investigate this further, we examined the steroid-regulated expression of an endogenous thymocyte-specific gene called GIG18.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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(:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s416.8) (:did . :|97000328|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003832@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We found that GIG18 was rapidly induced to comparable levels by both AR and GR, demonstrating that AR can indeed function as a transcriptional activator in S49 cells and , moreover , that GIG18 induction may be a marker of early apoptotic events in steroid-treated cells.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gig18") (:form . "GIG18") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "rapidly") (:form . 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(:end . 271) (:start . 270)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:hcues ((:id . :x416.9.1) (:span 204 207)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x416.9.1) (:span 204 270)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s416.9) (:did . :|97000328|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003833@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Taken together, these results support our conclusion that transcriptional transactivation is a necessary signaling component of S49 cell apoptosis, although an additional role for GR-mediated transrepression cannot be excluded.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "Taken") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "together") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . 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(:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x416.10.1) (:span 208 226))\n ((:id . :x416.10.2) (:span 42 52)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x416.10.1) (:span 157 226))\n ((:id . :x416.10.2) (:span 42 146)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s416.10) (:did . :|97000328|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003834@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Suppression of c-jun by antisense oligonucleotides inhibits cell adhesion but not respiratory burst during phorbol ester-induced differentiation of U937 human monoblastic cells.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "suppression") (:form . "Suppression") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-jun") (:form . "c-jun") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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"pma-induced") (:form . "PMA-induced") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adhesion") (:form . "adhesion") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pma-induced") (:form . "PMA-induced") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "respiratory") (:form . "respiratory") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "burst") (:form . "burst") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "u937") (:form . "U937") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x417.8.2) (:span 14 21)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x417.8.1) (:span 108 111)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x417.8.2) (:span 14 158)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x417.8.1) (:span 108 158)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s417.8) (:did . :|97006603|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003842@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Human TAFII 105 is a cell type-specific TFIID subunit related to hTAFII130.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "Human") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAFII") (:form . "TAFII") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "105") (:form . "105") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . 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(:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s418.1) (:did . :|97011146|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003843@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We previously characterized Drosophila and human TAF subunits that make up the core TFIID complex found in all cells.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterized")\n (:end . 27) (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAF") (:form . 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"all") (:form . "all") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s418.2) (:did . :|97011146|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003844@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here, we report that differentiated B cells contain a novel substoichiometric TAF of 105 kDa not found associated with TFIID isolated from other cell types.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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"cell") (:end . 149) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "type") (:form . "types") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:ncues ((:id . :x418.3.1) (:span 93 96)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x418.3.1) (:span 93 155)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s418.3) (:did . :|97011146|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003845@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The cDNA encoding hTAFII105 reveals a highly conserved C-terminal domain shared by hTAFII130 and oTAFII110, while the N-terminal coactivator domain has diverged significantly.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cdna") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "encoding") (:form . "encoding") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"cells") (:end . 102) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s418.6) (:did . :|97011146|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003848@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These properties suggest that TAFII105 is a cell type-specific subunit of TFIID that may be responsible for mediating transcription by a subset of activators in B cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "property") (:form . "properties") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tafii105") (:form . "TAFII105") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 262) (:start . 261)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:identifiers (:sid . :s420.5) (:did . :|97017504|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003866@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this review we examine the structure and function of cytokine receptors and the signaling pathways involved in their regulation of gene expression.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "review") (:form . "review") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examine") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . 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(:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s425.8) (:did . :|97025459|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003905@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When single-point mutation was introduced to each GC box, EBS, and GT box in PFP9a20, at least 3-fold less CAT activity was observed in CTLL-R8 cells.@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single-point") (:form . "single-point") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "introduce") (:form . "introduced") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . 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",") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "EBS") (:form . "EBS") (:end . 156) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GT") (:form . "GT") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "box") (:form . "box") (:end . 168) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 171) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PFP5a") (:form . "PFP5a") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s425.10) (:did . :|97025459|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003907@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The point mutations resulted in a 2.5- to 3-fold reduction of CAT activity.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "point") (:form . "point") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "result") (:form . "resulted") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2.5-") (:form . "2.5-") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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"system") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 153) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "central") (:form . "central") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nervous") (:form . "nervous") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "system") (:form . "system") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s426.2) (:did . :|97026428|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003911@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This cross communication involves soluble mediators, including various growth factors, cytokines, and neuropeptides.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . 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(:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s427.10) (:did . :|97028169|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003927@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is crucial that these results mirror recent observations indicating that murine adult HPCs transduced with dominant negative ATRA receptor (RAR) gene are immortalized and show a selective blockade of granulocytic differentiation.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "crucial") (:form . "crucial") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . 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(:end . 374) (:start . 373)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:hcues ((:id . :x427.12.1) (:span 111 125))\n ((:id . :x427.12.2) (:span 53 56)) ((:id . :x427.12.3) (:span 26 33)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x427.12.1) (:span 111 178))\n ((:id . :x427.12.2) (:span 53 373)) ((:id . :x427.12.3) (:span 26 373)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s427.12) (:did . :|97028169|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003930@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25 alpha-dihydroxycholecalciferol (VitD3) are potent regulators of hematopoletic differentiation.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "retinoic") (:form . "Retinoic") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RA") (:form . "RA") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . 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"sufficient") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . "mediate") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd4") (:form . "CD4") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "accessory") (:form . "accessory") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s434.4) (:did . :|97047764|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003987@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this report we address the contribution of the regulatory and catalytic domains of pp56(lck) to another function of this enzyme independent of CD4: TCR-induced IL-2 production.@(((:tag . 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(:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s434.5) (:did . :|97047764|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003988@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Two pp56(lck) mutants lacking either the entire catalytic domain or the entire NH2 regulatory domain were generated, and their abilities to trigger transactivation of the TCR-regulated nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) region of the IL-2 promoter were compared.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "Two") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pp56(lck)") (:form . "pp56(lck)") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutants") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "lack") (:form . "lacking") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 271) (:start . 270)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x434.6.1) (:span 30 36 65 67)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x434.6.3) (:span 22 29)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x434.6.1) (:span 30 100)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x434.6.3) (:span 22 100)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s434.6) (:did . :|97047764|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003990@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, the catalytic domain of pp56(lck) was able to induce IL-2 cytokine production to an extent similar to that of wild-type pp56(lck).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . 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(:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s434.9) (:did . :|97047764|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5003992@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In fact, while the NH2 regulatory domain is sufficient to mediate CD4 accessory function, we show here that the catalytic domain of pp56(lck) is sufficient for induction of IL-2 production, mimicking TCR ligation.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fact") (:form . "fact") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nh2") (:form . "NH2") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s452.9) (:did . :|97069862|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004167@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To further unravel the tal-1 oncogenic potential, a strain of tal-1 transgenic mice was crossbred with p53-/- mice;@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "unravel") (:form . "unravel") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tal-1") (:form . "tal-1") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "oncogenic") (:form . "oncogenic") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "potential") (:form . 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"of") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "VD") (:form . "VD") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s454.6) (:did . :|97070945|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004186@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this report the biological properties of the compounds ZK161422 and ZK157202, which are 20-methyl- and 20-methyl-23-eneanalogues, respectively, have been analyzed in comparison with VD.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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"IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "VD") (:form . "VD") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s454.8) (:did . :|97070945|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004188@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, compared to VD, their antiproliferative effect is up to 30-fold higher on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and even up to 300-fold higher on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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(:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s454.9) (:did . :|97070945|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004190@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, ZK161422, but not ZK157202, showed preference for gene activation from a promoter carrying a VD response element with a palindromic arrangement of two hexameric receptor binding sites spaced by 9 nucleotides (IP9) rather than for activation from a response element formed by a direct repeat spaced by 3 nucleotides (DR3).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ZK161422") (:form . "ZK161422") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . 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(:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:hcues ((:id . :x456.4.1) (:span 16 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x456.4.1) (:span 16 69)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s456.4) (:did . :|97074543|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004203@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the present study, we showed that CD14+ adherent human monocytes can differentiate into CD1+relB+ dendritic cells (DC) by the combination of GM-CSF plus interleukin-4 (IL-4) and that they differentiate into tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ( TRAP ) -positive osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells (MGC) by the combination of M-CSF plus IL-4.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . 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(:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s458.1) (:did . :|97080592|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004220@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Recently, it has been shown that RelB knockout mice have no dendritic cells (DC).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "Recently") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RelB") (:form . 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(:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:ncues ((:id . :x458.3.1) (:span 57 59)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x458.3.1) (:span 57 80)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s458.3) (:did . :|97080592|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004221@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An overexpression of p50 has been described in follicular dendritic cells (FDC).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "An") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overexpression") (:form . "overexpression")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p50") (:form . "p50") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . 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(:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s458.4) (:did . :|97080592|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004222@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A constitutive NF-kappa B activity has been reported in mature macrophages.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "constitutive") (:form . "constitutive") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . 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"element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:ncues ((:id . :x461.4.1) (:span 171 174)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x461.4.1) (:span 171 179)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s461.4) (:did . :|97083501|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004254@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since the okadaic acid, a potent protein phosphatase inhibitor, prolongs the induction of the binding activity, phosphorylation events are likely to occur.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "okadaic") (:form . "okadaic") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . 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"occur") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x461.5.1) (:span 139 145)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x461.5.1) (:span 112 154)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s461.5) (:did . :|97083501|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004255@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This activity seems to be due to increased cAMP levels because forskolin and IBMX mimic the effects of PGE2.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "seem") (:form . "seems") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s461.7) (:did . :|97083501|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004257@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These data support the positive role for PGE2 on some immune functions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "support") (:form . "support") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pge2") (:form . 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"motif") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GASd/EBSd") (:form . "GASd/EBSd") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s466.12) (:did . :|97098661|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004301@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These are essential for IL-2 inducibility of PRRIII/CAT reporter constructs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "essential") (:form . "essential") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . 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(:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s466.13) (:did . :|97098661|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004302@unknown@formal@none@1@S@IL-2 induced the binding of Stat5a and b proteins to the human GASd element.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2") (:form . "IL-2") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "induce") (:form . "induced") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Stat5a") (:form . "Stat5a") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b") (:form . 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(:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s466.14) (:did . :|97098661|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004303@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To confirm the physiological relevance of these findings, we carried out in vivo footprinting experiments which showed that stimulation of IL-2R alpha expression correlated with occupancy of the GASd element.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "confirm") (:form . "confirm") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "physiological") (:form . "physiological")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "relevance") (:form . "relevance") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"occupancy") (:form . "occupancy") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 190) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 194) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gasd") (:form . "GASd") (:end . 199) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s466.15) (:did . :|97098661|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004304@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our data demonstrate a major role of the GASd/EBSd element in IL-2R alpha regulation and suggest that the T-cell-specific Elf-1 factor can serve as a transcriptional repressor.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . 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"can") (:end . 138) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "serve") (:form . "serve") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 165) (:start . 150) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repressor") (:form . "repressor") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x466.16.1) (:span 89 96)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x466.16.1) (:span 89 175)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s466.16) (:did . :|97098661|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004305@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Association of TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3 with an Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 domain important for B-lymphocyte transformation: role in NF-kappaB activation.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Association") (:form . "Association") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TRAF1") (:form . "TRAF1") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TRAF2") (:form . "TRAF2") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s467.1) (:did . :|97098688|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004306@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transforming protein LMP1 appears to be a constitutively activated tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) on the basis of an intrinsic ability to aggregate in the plasma membrane and an association of its cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus (CT) with TNFR-associated factors (TRAFs).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "epstein-barr") (:form . "Epstein-Barr") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "virus") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "EBV") (:form . 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(:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s475.4) (:did . :|97113352|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004381@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, we compared the nucleotide sequences of the CD11a, CD11b, and CD11c gene promoters to identify common elements that might contribute to inducible expression.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nucleotide") (:form . "nucleotide") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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(:form . ".") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x475.5.1) (:span 127 132)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x475.5.1) (:span 127 167)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s475.5) (:did . :|97113352|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004382@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This analysis identified one such element repeated four times within the CD11b promoter.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . 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(:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s475.6) (:did . :|97113352|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004383@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mutation of these elements indicated that two, MS-2beta and MS-2gamma, are critical to the induction of the CD11b gene during differentiation of the pro-monocytic cell line U937.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "Mutation") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicated") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x475.8.1) (:span 38 51)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x475.8.1) (:span 38 149)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s475.8) (:did . :|97113352|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004385@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These factors are detected at the time the CD11b promoter is activated.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "time") (:form . 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"the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "molecular") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mass") (:form . "mass") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 52) (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "28") (:form . "28") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kda") (:form . "kDa") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 346) (:start . 345)\n (:id . 101)))@@@1@60@((:identifiers (:sid . :s479.3) (:did . :|97119289|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004421@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, this factor appeared when these CML patients achieved complete haematological remission (CHR) through alpha-interferon therapy.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appeared") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . 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(:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s479.5) (:did . :|97119289|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004423@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Based upon these results we propose that this factor may have a role in pathophysiology of chronic myeloid leukaemia.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "Based") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "upon") (:form . "upon") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "propose") (:form . "propose") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s483.4) (:did . :|97128814|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004452@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We report here the cloning of p27Kip1 gene from murine genomic DNA and the functional analysis of the promoter of the p27Kip1 gene.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cloning") (:form . "cloning") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p27kip1") (:form . 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"DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p27kip1") (:form . "p27Kip1") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s483.5) (:did . :|97128814|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004453@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The gene consists of at least three exons and spans more than 5.6 kb of DNA.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "consist") (:form . "consists") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exons") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "span") (:form . "spans") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5.6") (:form . "5.6") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kb") (:form . "kb") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s483.6) (:did . :|97128814|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004454@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Primer extension and nuclease S1 protection analysis revealed two major transcription initiation sites.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Primer") (:form . "Primer") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "extension") (:form . 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",") (:form . ",") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 193) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "-1011") (:form . "-1011") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:ncues ((:id . :x483.8.1) (:span 20 26)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x483.8.1) (:span 20 37)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s483.8) (:did . :|97128814|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004456@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To analyze the regulatory mechanisms controlling p27Kip1 gene expression, we characterized the 5'-flanking region from nt -1609 to +178.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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(:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s483.9) (:did . :|97128814|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004457@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The -326 to -615 region contained positive regulatory elements.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "-326") (:form . "-326") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "-615") (:form . "-615") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contained") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . 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(:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:ncues ((:id . :x500.1.1) (:span 0 4)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x500.1.1) (:span 0 148)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s500.1) (:did . :|99035056|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004610@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We present here the results on the recognition of several pml/RAR-alpha peptides by APL patients expressing HLA DR11.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"HLA") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DR11") (:form . "DR11") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s500.3) (:did . :|99035056|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004611@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The in vitro immunization of peripheral blood lymphocytes from four patients in remission (S.R., F.R., M.M., P. G.) with BCR1/25, a 25-mer pml/RAR-alpha, did not elicit either a polyclonal or a clonal immune response specific to the peptide.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vitro") (:form . "vitro") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "immunization") (:form . 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(:end . 241) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:ncues ((:id . :x500.4.1) (:span 158 161)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x500.4.1) (:span 158 240)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s500.4) (:did . :|99035056|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004612@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We then generated new donor anti-pml/RAR-alpha CD4(+) T-cell clones.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "donor") (:form . "donor") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anti-pml/rar-alpha") (:form . "anti-pml/RAR-alpha")\n (:end . 46) (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CD4(+)") (:form . "CD4(+)") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t-cell") (:form . "T-cell") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "clones") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s500.5) (:did . :|99035056|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004613@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These clones were tested for their recognition of BCR1/25.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "clones") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 24) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recognition") (:form . "recognition") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bcr1/25") (:form . "BCR1/25") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s500.6) (:did . :|99035056|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004614@unknown@formal@none@1@S@One clone (C3/5, CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(-)) was selected for further analysis.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "One") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "clone") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C3/5") (:form . "C3/5") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CD3(+)") (:form . "CD3(+)") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CD4(+)") (:form . "CD4(+)") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CD8(-))") (:form . "CD8(-))") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "select") (:form . "selected") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s500.7) (:did . :|99035056|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004615@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Clone C3/5 showed specific proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine (tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) production when challenged with autologous lymphoblastic cell lines pulsed with peptide BCR1/25.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Clone") (:form . "Clone") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C3/5") (:form . "C3/5") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showed") (:end . 17) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proliferation") (:form . "proliferation")\n (:end . 40) (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cytotoxicity") (:form . "cytotoxicity") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cytokine") (:form . "cytokine") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tumor") (:form . "tumor") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "necrosis") (:form . "necrosis") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alpha") (:form . "alpha") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "granulocyte-macrophage")\n (:form . "granulocyte-macrophage") (:end . 121) (:start . 99) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "colony-stimulating") (:form . "colony-stimulating")\n (:end . 140) (:start . 122) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "production") (:form . "production") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 164) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "challenge") (:form . "challenged") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 180) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "autologous") (:form . "autologous") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lymphoblastic") (:form . "lymphoblastic")\n (:end . 205) (:start . 192) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 210) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "pulse") (:form . "pulsed") (:end . 223)\n (:start . 217) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 228) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "peptide") (:form . "peptide") (:end . 236)\n (:start . 229) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bcr1/25") (:form . "BCR1/25") (:end . 244)\n (:start . 237) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 245) (:start . 244)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s500.8) (:did . :|99035056|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004616@unknown@formal@none@1@S@C3/5 cells developed specific proliferation and cytotoxicity when challenged with peptide-pulsed lymphoblastic cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes from the four DR11(+) APL patients.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C3/5") (:form . "C3/5") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "develop") (:form . "developed") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proliferation") (:form . "proliferation")\n (:end . 43) (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cytotoxicity") (:form . "cytotoxicity") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "challenge") (:form . "challenged") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "peptide-pulsed") (:form . "peptide-pulsed")\n (:end . 96) (:start . 82) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lymphoblastic") (:form . "lymphoblastic")\n (:end . 110) (:start . 97) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 115) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "peripheral") (:form . "peripheral") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blood") (:form . "blood") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "lymphocyte") (:form . "lymphocytes") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 159) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 168) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "DR11(+)") (:form . "DR11(+)") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "APL") (:form . "APL") (:end . 180) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "patient") (:form . "patients") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s500.9) (:did . :|99035056|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004617@unknown@formal@none@1@S@APL blasts, available only from patients F.R. and P.G., were not lysed by C3/5 and were unable to present peptide BCR1/25.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "APL") (:form . "APL") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "blasts") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "patient") (:form . 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(:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s507.1) (:did . :|10037751|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004675@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The GATA-3 transcription factor is required for development of the T-cell lineage and Th2 cytokine gene expression in CD4 T-cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gata-3") (:form . "GATA-3") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 24) (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . 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(:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s515.6) (:did . :|10072497|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004755@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The inhibitory effects of NAC were not due to nonspecific toxicity as neither the viability of DC nor their mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis were modified by NAC.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inhibitory") (:form . "inhibitory") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effects") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NAC") (:form . "NAC") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . 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(:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:ncues ((:id . :x515.7.1) (:span 70 77 98 101))\n ((:id . :x515.7.3) (:span 35 38)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x515.7.1) (:span 70 166))\n ((:id . :x515.7.3) (:span 35 66)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s515.7) (:did . :|10072497|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004756@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Finally, we found that the addition of NAC to MLR between naive T cells and allogeneic DC resulted in a profound inhibition of alloreactive responses, which could be attributed to a defect of DC as APC-independent T cell responses were not inhibited by NAC.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "finally") (:form . "Finally") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . 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(:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:ncues ((:id . :x518.4.1) (:span 65 68)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x518.4.1) (:span 9 81)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s518.4) (:did . :|10080532|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004782@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this overview, we discuss the role of the transcription factor, STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription-6) in mediating IL-4- and IL-13-induced gene expression in monocytes.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overview") (:form . "overview") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . 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(:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x528.10.1) (:span 127 135))\n ((:id . :x528.10.2) (:span 12 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x528.10.1) (:span 127 184))\n ((:id . :x528.10.2) (:span 12 184)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s528.10) (:did . :|10090947|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5004893@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Apoptosis-resistant T cells have a deficiency in NF-kappaB-mediated induction of Fas ligand transcription.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apoptosis-resistant")\n (:form . "Apoptosis-resistant") (:end . 19) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s547.9) (:did . :|10202024|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005066@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Lastly, we demonstrated that p38 kinase activity played a central role in IL-1beta production and that it was rapidly up-regulated following infection.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "lastly") (:form . "Lastly") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrated") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p38") (:form . "p38") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "kinase") (:form . 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(:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s555.5) (:did . :|10208867|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005138@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ANG II, like TNFalpha, caused rapid activation of NF-kappaB in human mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood by Ficoll density gradient.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ANG") (:form . "ANG") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "like") (:form . "like") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TNFalpha") (:form . "TNFalpha") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "cause") (:form . 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(:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s555.6) (:did . :|10208867|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005140@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Specificity of ANG II-induced NF-kappaB activation was ascertained by supershift and competition experiments.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "specificity") (:form . "Specificity") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ANG") (:form . "ANG") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ii-induced") (:form . "II-induced") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappaB") (:form . "NF-kappaB") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s555.8) (:did . :|10208867|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005141@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, ANG II stimulated NF-kappaB activation in human monocytes, but not in lymphocytes from the same preparation.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ANG") (:form . "ANG") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "stimulate") (:form . "stimulated") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappaB") (:form . "NF-kappaB") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . 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"Copyright") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1999") (:form . "1999") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Academic") (:form . "Academic") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Press") (:form . "Press") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s555.11) (:did . :|10208867|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005144@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SHP2-interacting transmembrane adaptor protein (SIT), a novel disulfide-linked dimer regulating human T cell activation.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "shp2-interacting") (:form . "SHP2-interacting")\n (:end . 16) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transmembrane") (:form . "transmembrane")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 17) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adaptor") (:form . 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"SHP2") (:end . 215) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:hcues ((:id . :x556.7.1) (:span 83 93)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x556.7.2) (:span 35 38)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x556.7.1) (:span 83 215)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x556.7.2) (:span 9 81)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s556.7) (:did . :|10209036|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005151@unknown@formal@none@1@S@GrpL, a Grb2-related adaptor protein, interacts with SLP-76 to regulate nuclear factor of activated T cell activation.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GrpL") (:form . "GrpL") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 7) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "grb2-related") (:form . "Grb2-related") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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"Activation") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MHC") (:form . "MHC") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoters") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "require") (:form . "requires") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multi-protein") (:form . "multi-protein")\n (:end . 94) (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RFX") (:form . "RFX") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X2BP") (:form . "X2BP") (:end . 115) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-Y") (:form . "NF-Y") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s562.4) (:did . :|10221658|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005211@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is known that the stability of this binding results from cooperative interactions between these proteins.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stability") (:form . "stability") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cooperative") (:form . "cooperative") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s562.5) (:did . :|10221658|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005212@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We show here that expression of CIITA in MHC class II- cells triggers occupation of the promoters by these complexes.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CIITA") (:form . "CIITA") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MHC") (:form . "MHC") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ii-") (:form . "II-") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "trigger") (:form . "triggers") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "occupation") (:form . "occupation") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoters") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s562.6) (:did . :|10221658|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005213@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This observation raised the possibility that the effect of CIITA on promoter occupation is mediated by an effect on the cooperative stabilization of the DNA-bound multi-protein complexes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observation") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "raise") (:form . "raised") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibility") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CIITA") (:form . "CIITA") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "occupation") (:form . "occupation") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . "mediated") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cooperative") (:form . "cooperative") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stabilization") (:form . "stabilization")\n (:end . 145) (:start . 132) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 152) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dna-bound") (:form . "DNA-bound") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multi-protein") (:form . "multi-protein")\n (:end . 176) (:start . 163) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x562.7.1) (:span 17 39)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x562.7.1) (:span 17 186)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s562.7) (:did . :|10221658|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005214@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We show, however, that the presence of CIITA does not affect the stability of the higher-order protein complex formed on DNA by RFX, X2BP and NF-Y.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "however") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CIITA") (:form . "CIITA") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "affect") (:form . "affect") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stability") (:form . "stability") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "higher-ord") (:form . "higher-order") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "form") (:form . "formed") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RFX") (:form . "RFX") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X2BP") (:form . "X2BP") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 141) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-Y") (:form . "NF-Y") (:end . 146) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:ncues ((:id . :x562.8.1) (:span 50 53)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x562.8.1) (:span 50 146)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s562.8) (:did . :|10221658|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005215@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This suggests other mechanisms for CIITA-induced promoter occupancy, such as an effect on chromatin structure leading to increased accessibility of MHC class II promoters.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggests") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanisms") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ciita-induced") (:form . "CIITA-induced")\n (:end . 48) (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "occupancy") (:form . "occupancy") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromatin") (:form . "chromatin") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "lead") (:form . "leading") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increased") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accessibility") (:form . "accessibility")\n (:end . 144) (:start . 131) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MHC") (:form . "MHC") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoters") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x562.9.1) (:span 5 13)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x562.9.1) (:span 5 170)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s562.9) (:did . :|10221658|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005216@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This ability of CIITA to facilitate promoter occupation is undissociable from its transactivation potential.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ability") (:form . "ability") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CIITA") (:form . "CIITA") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "facilitate") (:form . "facilitate") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"HSF1") (:end . 251) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 252) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:hcues ((:id . :x583.6.3) (:span 62 66)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x583.6.1) (:span 197 200))\n ((:id . :x583.6.2) (:span 58 61)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x583.6.3) (:span 43 133)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x583.6.1) (:span 197 220))\n ((:id . :x583.6.2) (:span 43 133)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s583.6) (:did . :|10328874|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005391@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Exposure to NSAIDs had a complex effect on HSP gene expression and while sulindac activated the stress responsive HSP70B promoter, sodium salicylate did not.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "exposure") (:form . "Exposure") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NSAID") (:form . 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(:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:ncues ((:id . :x584.3.1) (:span 163 166)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x584.3.1) (:span 163 194)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s584.3) (:did . :|10329625|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005400@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These observations suggest possible mechanisms by which Id3 overexpression can differentially affect development of pre-T cells into TCRalpha beta and gamma delta cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observations") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . 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(:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x584.5.1) (:span 27 35)) ((:id . :x584.5.2) (:span 19 26)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x584.5.1) (:span 27 168))\n ((:id . :x584.5.2) (:span 19 168)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s584.5) (:did . :|10329625|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005401@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also observed that cell surface CD4(-)CD8(-)CD3(-) cells with rearranged TCR genes developed from Id3-transduced but not from control-transduced pre-T cells in an FTOC.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . 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(:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:ncues ((:id . :x584.6.1) (:span 120 123)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x584.6.1) (:span 120 147)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s584.6) (:did . :|10329625|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005402@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These cells had properties of both natural killer (NK) and pre-T cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "property") (:form . "properties") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "natural") (:form . 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(:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s584.7) (:did . :|10329625|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005403@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These findings suggest that bHLH factors are required to control T cell development after the T/NK developmental checkpoint.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "findings") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "bhlh") (:form . "bHLH") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"developmental")\n (:end . 112) (:start . 99) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "checkpoint") (:form . "checkpoint") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:hcues ((:id . :x584.8.1) (:span 15 22)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x584.8.1) (:span 15 123)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s584.8) (:did . :|10329625|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005404@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Rel/NF-kappaB can trigger the Notch signaling pathway by inducing the expression of Jagged1, a ligand for Notch receptors.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Rel/NF-kappaB") (:form . "Rel/NF-kappaB")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "trigger") (:form . "trigger") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s585.2) (:did . :|10329626|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005406@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, little is known about the transcription factors that regulate its expression.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "little") (:form . "little") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s585.4) (:did . :|10329626|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005408@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both c-Rel and RelA induced jagged1 gene expression, whereas a mutant defective for transactivation did not.@(((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-rel") (:form . "c-Rel") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RelA") (:form . "RelA") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "induce") (:form . "induced") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "jagged1") (:form . "jagged1") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s585.8) (:did . :|10329626|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005412@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Consistent with its Rel/NF-kappaB-dependent induction, Jagged1 was found to be highly expressed in splenic B cells where c-Rel is expressed constitutively.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "Consistent") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rel/nf-kappab-dependent")\n (:form . "Rel/NF-kappaB-dependent") (:end . 43) (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "induction") (:form . "induction") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 229) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:hcues ((:id . :x595.11.1) (:span 28 41)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x595.11.1) (:span 28 228)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s595.11) (:did . :|10352279|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005516@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These observations suggest a biological significance for different mechanisms of IL-2 activation in initiation and maintenance of the cytokine repertoire found in the mucosa.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observations") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biological") (:form . "biological") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s597.1) (:did . :|10358154|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005524@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We had previously shown that the drug undecylprodigiosin (UP) blocks human lymphocyte proliferation in vitro.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "drug") (:form . "drug") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s597.2) (:did . :|10358154|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005525@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have now investigated the mechanism of action of a new analogue of UP, PNU156804, which shows a more favorable activity profile than UP in mice.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "now") (:form . "now") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigated") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanism") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s597.3) (:did . :|10358154|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005526@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We demonstrate here that the biological effect of PNU156804 in vitro is indistinguishable from UP: PNU156804 blocks human T cell proliferation in mid-late G1, as determined by cell cycle analysis, expression of cyclins, and cyclin-dependent kinases and retinoblastoma phosphorylation.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 284) (:start . 283)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s597.4) (:did . :|10358154|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005527@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition, we show that PNU156804 does not block significantly the induction of either IL-2 or IL-2R alpha- and gamma-chains but inhibits IL-2-dependent T cell proliferation.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pnu156804") (:form . 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"been") (:end . 201) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 212)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s598.2) (:did . :|10358173|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005536@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To better clarify the molecular basis of IL-12 action, we set out to characterize genes up-regulated by IL-12, first by contrasting IL-12- and IFN-alpha-inducible genes.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "well") (:form . "better") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "clarify") (:form . "clarify") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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"IFN-alpha-inducible") (:end . 162) (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s598.3) (:did . :|10358173|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005537@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We identified several genes up-regulated by IL-12, namely, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, IL-1RA, and IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "up-regulate") (:form . 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(:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s598.4) (:did . :|10358173|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005538@unknown@formal@none@1@S@IRF-1 is a transcription factor regulated by IFNs that is also essential for Th1 responses.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IRF-1") (:form . "IRF-1") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 24) (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulated") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s598.5) (:did . :|10358173|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005540@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We showed that IL-12 had a direct effect on IRF-1, an effect not mediated indirectly by the induction of IFN-gamma production.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showed") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-12") (:form . "IL-12") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "direct") (:form . 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"the") (:form . "the") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "induction") (:form . "induction") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IFN-gamma") (:form . "IFN-gamma") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "production") (:form . "production") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:ncues ((:id . :x598.7.1) (:span 61 64)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x598.7.1) (:span 51 125)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s598.7) (:did . :|10358173|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005541@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, IL-2 and IL-12 synergistically induced IRF-1, whereas IFN-alpha and IL-12 did not.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2") (:form . "IL-2") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-12") (:form . "IL-12") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "synergistically") (:form . "synergistically")\n (:end . 43) (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "induce") (:form . "induced") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "irf-1") (:form . "IRF-1") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whereas") (:form . "whereas") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IFN-alpha") (:form . "IFN-alpha") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-12") (:form . "IL-12") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "do") (:form . "did") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:ncues ((:id . :x598.8.1) (:span 91 94)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x598.8.1) (:span 91 94)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s598.8) (:did . :|10358173|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005542@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The participation of STAT4 in the regulation of IRF-1 was demonstrated in two ways.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"in") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "way") (:form . "ways") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s598.9) (:did . :|10358173|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005543@unknown@formal@none@1@S@First, STAT4 was required for the IL-12-dependent transactivation of an IRF-1 reporter construct, and second, STAT4 binding to the IRF-1 promoter was shown using EMSA.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "first") (:form . "First") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "STAT4") (:form . "STAT4") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"construct") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stat4") (:form . "STAT4") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "irf-1") (:form . "IRF-1") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x598.12.2) (:span 143 148))\n ((:id . :x598.12.3) (:span 76 85)) ((:id . :x598.12.4) (:span 17 20)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x598.12.1) (:span 182 189)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x598.12.2) (:span 143 218))\n ((:id . :x598.12.3) (:span 76 218)) ((:id . :x598.12.4) (:span 17 67)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x598.12.1) (:span 182 218)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s598.12) (:did . :|10358173|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005546@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transcriptional regulation of T lymphocyte development and function.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "Transcriptional")\n (:end . 15) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . 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(:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x614.6.2) (:span 62 64)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x614.6.1) (:span 72 76)) ((:id . :x614.6.3) (:span 40 47)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x614.6.2) (:span 48 71)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x614.6.1) (:span 72 92))\n ((:id . :x614.6.3) (:span 40 71)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s614.6) (:did . :|10395652|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005694@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, both deletion mutants could still form complexes with wild-type TLR2 and act in a dominant-negative (DN) fashion to block TLR2-mediated signal transduction.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . 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(:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s620.3) (:did . :|10411007|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005752@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The addition of the third intron of TNF-alpha to this construct resulted in an enhancement of CAT protein.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third") (:form . "third") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "intron") (:form . "intron") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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"activity") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:hcues ((:id . :x620.6.1) (:span 38 47)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x620.6.1) (:span 38 86)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s620.6) (:did . :|10411007|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005755@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The major transcription factor that bound to the oligonucleotide was confirmed to be GABP by supershift and competition analysis.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "major") (:form . "major") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 23) (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x626.3.1) (:span 88 95)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x626.3.1) (:span 88 202)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s626.3) (:did . :|10425262|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005803@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For measuring the contribution of macrophages to the release of inflammatory mediators by bronchial epithelial cells, we established an in vitro model of co-cultured blood monocytes (BM) and BEAS-2B cells in a transwell system (Costar).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measuring") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contribution") (:form . "contribution") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 277) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 88)))@@@1@47@((:identifiers (:sid . :s629.3) (:did . :|10428853|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005826@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A 768-bp upstream negative regulatory region has been identified that conferred lymphocyte-specific negative regulation in a heterologous system with a 244-bp deoxycytidine kinase core promoter.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "768-bp") (:form . "768-bp") (:end . 8) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . 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(:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s629.4) (:did . :|10428853|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005827@unknown@formal@none@1@S@DNase I footprinting identified several protected areas including Sp1, Sp1/AP-2, and cAMP response element (CRE) binding sites within the 201-bp core promoter region and Sp1, NRE-2a, TCF-1/LEF-1, and Sp1/NF-AT binding sites in the upstream regulatory region.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNase") (:form . "DNase") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "i") (:form . "I") (:end . 7) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "footprinting") (:form . "footprinting") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 258) (:start . 257)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s629.5) (:did . :|10428853|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005828@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Whereas the CRE site was essential in mediating the negative activity of the upstream regulatory region in Jurkat but not in HeLa cells, mutation of the Sp1/AP-2 site decreased promoter activity in both cell lines.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whereas") (:form . "Whereas") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CRE") (:form . "CRE") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "essential") (:form . 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(:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:ncues ((:id . :x629.6.1) (:span 118 121)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x629.6.1) (:span 118 135)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s629.6) (:did . :|10428853|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005830@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Finally, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate increased the activity of both the core and the 969-bp promoter fragments, and this increase was abrogated by mutations at the CRE site.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "finally") (:form . "Finally") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phorbol") (:form . "phorbol") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "12-myristate") (:form . "12-myristate") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "13-acetate") (:form . "13-acetate") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s636.3) (:did . :|10438843|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5005891@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-7 (IL-7), secreted during this interaction, are critical cytokines for HIV long terminal repeat transactivation through NF-kappaB-dependent activation.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tumor") (:form . "Tumor") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "necrosis") (:form . "necrosis") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TNF") (:form . "TNF") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . 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"cells") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s652.4) (:did . :|1700011|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006052@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In many other cells their expression can be induced by IFN-gamma.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . 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(:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s652.6) (:did . :|1700011|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006054@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the DRA promoter, one of these cis-acting regulatory motifs is the X2-box to which nuclear factor X2 (NF-X2) binds.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DRA") (:form . "DRA") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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(:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:hcues ((:id . :x652.11.1) (:span 31 36)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x652.11.1) (:span 31 88)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s652.11) (:did . :|1700011|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006060@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transient short-term expression of the Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) leads to activation of the pleiotropic transcription factor NF-kappa B.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transient") (:form . "Transient") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "short-term") (:form . "short-term") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s653.5) (:did . :|1964088|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006064@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, the activation of other mitogen-inducible transcription factors, such as Fos and Jun, was unaffected.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mitogen-inducible") (:form . 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"expression") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 162) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "immunoglobulin") (:form . "immunoglobulin")\n (:end . 177) (:start . 163) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s659.2) (:did . :|2105887|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006110@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Each binding site contributes to the overall activity of the enhancer, however no single element seems absolutely required for activity.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "Each") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 12) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . 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(:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:hcues ((:id . :x659.4.2) (:span 97 102)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x659.4.1) (:span 79 81)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x659.4.2) (:span 79 135)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x659.4.1) (:span 79 135)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s659.4) (:did . :|2105887|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006111@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For a better understanding of the Ig heavy chain enhancer components, we have cloned and analyzed individual sequence elements.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "good") (:form . "better") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "understanding") (:form . "understanding")\n (:end . 26) (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s659.6) (:did . :|2105887|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006113@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is present in an active form in both B cells and non-B cells, where it can mediate transcriptional activation in vitro and in vivo.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . "active") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "form") (:form . 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"can") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . "mediate") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 101) (:start . 86) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vitro") (:form . "vitro") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vivo") (:form . "vivo") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s659.7) (:did . :|2105887|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006114@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, despite its ability to activate transcription of a transfected reporter gene, the factor is apparently unable to bind to the endogenous Ig heavy chain enhancer in non-lymphoid cells: In previous experiments by others, the characteristic in vivo footprint of this factor, designated NF-muE3, was detected in B cells but not in non-B cells.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "despite") (:form . "despite") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ability") (:form . 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"factor") (:end . 278)\n (:start . 272) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 279) (:start . 278)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "designate") (:form . "designated") (:end . 290)\n (:start . 280) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-muE3") (:form . "NF-muE3") (:end . 298)\n (:start . 291) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 299) (:start . 298)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 303) (:start . 300)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 312)\n (:start . 304) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 315) (:start . 313)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 317) (:start . 316)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 323)\n (:start . 318) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 327) (:start . 324)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 331) (:start . 328)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 334) (:start . 332)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-b") (:form . "non-B") (:end . 340)\n (:start . 335) (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 346)\n (:start . 341) (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 347) (:start . 346)\n (:id . 102)))@@@1@61@((:hcues ((:id . :x659.8.3) (:span 101 111)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x659.8.1) (:span 328 331))\n ((:id . :x659.8.2) (:span 112 118)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x659.8.3) (:span 87 190)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x659.8.1) (:span 328 346))\n ((:id . :x659.8.2) (:span 87 190)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s659.8) (:did . :|2105887|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006115@unknown@formal@none@1@S@From this and other findings the picture emerges that there are at least three categories of factors which mediate cell-type-specific transcription in B lymphocytes: (a) cell-specific factors such as Oct-2A and Oct-2B that are not expressed in most other cell types: (b) ubiquitous factors such as NF-kappa B that are constitutively active in B cells but are sequestered in an inactive form in other cells; (c) ubiquitously active factors, exemplified by the one binding to the E3 sequence motif.@(((:tag . 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(:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:hcues ((:id . :x661.6.1) (:span 96 102)) ((:id . :x661.6.2) (:span 90 95)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x661.6.1) (:span 96 216))\n ((:id . :x661.6.2) (:span 90 216)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s661.6) (:did . :|2109187|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006136@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition to these elements, we identified a second regulatory element, the N element with the sequence 5'-GGAACCTCCCCC-3'.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "5'-ggaacctccccc-3") (:form . "5'-GGAACCTCCCCC-3")\n (:end . 123) (:start . 106) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "'") (:form . "'") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s661.7) (:did . :|2109187|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006137@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The N element could independently mediate low levels of transcription in both B-cell and HeLa-cell extracts, and, in conjunction with the octamer element, it can promote high levels of transcription in B-cell extracts.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "independently") (:form . "independently")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . 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(:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s661.8) (:did . :|2109187|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006138@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The N element bound a transcription factor, NTF, that is ubiquitous in cell-type distribution, and NTF was distinct from any of the previously described proteins that bind to similar sequences.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bound") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 35) (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 166) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 171) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 174) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s661.9) (:did . :|2109187|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006140@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Involvement of a second lymphoid-specific enhancer element in the regulation of immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene expression.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "involvement") (:form . "Involvement") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lymphoid-specific") (:form . "lymphoid-specific")\n (:end . 41) (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s662.1) (:did . :|2111447|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006141@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To determine whether enhancer elements in addition to the highly conserved octamer (OCTA)-nucleotide motif are important for lymphoid-specific expression of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) gene, we have investigated the effect of mutating the binding site for a putative additional lymphoid-specific transcription factor, designated NF-microB, in the murine IgH enhancer.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determine") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:ncues ((:id . :x662.6.1) (:span 110 115)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x662.6.1) (:span 110 141)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s662.6) (:did . :|2111447|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006146@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Nevertheless, a multimer of the microB motif alone showed no enhancer activity.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "nevertheless") (:form . "Nevertheless") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "multimer") (:form . "multimer") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:ncues ((:id . :x662.7.1) (:span 58 60)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x662.7.1) (:span 58 78)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s662.7) (:did . :|2111447|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006147@unknown@formal@none@1@S@DNase footprinting analysis corroborated the functional data showing that a lymphoid-specific protein binds to the microB DNA motif.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNase") (:form . "DNase") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "footprinting") (:form . "footprinting") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "corroborate") (:form . "corroborated") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "functional") (:form . 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(:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s677.6) (:did . :|2216722|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006278@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These proteins are differentially expressed in human glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "differentially") (:form . "differentially")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressed") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . 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(:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s677.7) (:did . :|2216722|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006280@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The relationship of the N-Oct proteins to Oct-1 and Oct-2A was analyzed by proteolytic clipping bandshift assays and by their reactivity towards antisera raised against recombinant Oct-1 and Oct-2A proteins.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "relationship") (:form . "relationship") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N-Oct") (:form . "N-Oct") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . 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"expression") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "vector") (:form . "vector") (:end . 190)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:ncues ((:id . :x677.11.1) (:span 98 105 116 119)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x677.11.1) (:span 51 190)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s677.11) (:did . :|2216722|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006283@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We therefore speculate that N-Oct-3 and other N-Oct factors have a specific role in gene expression in cells of the nervous system.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "speculate") (:form . "speculate") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x677.12.1) (:span 13 22)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x677.12.1) (:span 13 130)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s677.12) (:did . :|2216722|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006284@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Cloning of a mitogen-inducible gene encoding a kappa B DNA-binding protein with homology to the rel oncogene and to cell-cycle motifs.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cloning") (:form . "Cloning") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mitogen-inducible") (:form . "mitogen-inducible")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "encode") (:form . 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"to") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "oncogene") (:form . "oncogene") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rel") (:form . "rel") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "developmentally") (:form . "developmentally")\n (:end . 95) (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dorsal") (:form . "dorsal") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s678.3) (:did . :|2234062|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006287@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The carboxy-terminal domain contains repeat structures found in a variety of proteins that are involved in cell-cycle control of yeast and in tissue differentiation in Drosophila and Ceanorhabditis elegans, as well as in the putative human oncogene bcl-3 and in the ankyrin protein.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "carboxy-terminal") (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "ankyrin") (:form . "ankyrin") (:end . 273)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 281)\n (:start . 274) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 282) (:start . 281)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:identifiers (:sid . :s678.4) (:did . :|2234062|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006288@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A truncated form of the product of this gene translated in vitro is a DNA-binding protein which interacts specifically with the kappa B binding site found in many inducible genes, including the enhancer in human immunodeficiency virus.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "truncate") (:form . "truncated") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"gene") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "double-stranded") (:form . "double-stranded")\n (:end . 50) (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phosphorothioate") (:form . "phosphorothioate")\n (:end . 67) (:start . 51) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "oligonucleotide") (:form . "oligonucleotides")\n (:end . 84) (:start . 68) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s679.1) (:did . :|2237444|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006291@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Alteration of gene transcription by inhibition of specific transcriptional regulatory proteins is necessary for determining how these factors participate in cellular differentiation.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Alteration") (:form . "Alteration") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 32) (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inhibition") (:form . "inhibition") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s681.4) (:did . :|2269427|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006313@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We conclude from these experiments that the ES cell system provides a good model to study hematopoietic development.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "conclude") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 243) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:hcues ((:id . :x682.8.2) (:span 69 77)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x682.8.1) (:span 164 167)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x682.8.2) (:span 69 242)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x682.8.1) (:span 164 242)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s682.8) (:did . :|2278044|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006324@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Characterization of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer-binding proteins from the human T-cell line Jurkat.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "characterization") (:form . "Characterization")\n (:end . 16) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "immunodeficiency") (:form . 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"protein-binding") (:form . "protein-binding")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV-1") (:form . "HIV-1") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "LTR") (:form . "LTR") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcription-enhancer")\n (:form . "transcription-enhancer") (:end . 80) (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s683.3) (:did . :|2302185|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006327@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We show that at least one inducible, C1, and one constitutive, C2, protein can bind to the HIV enhancer in Jurkat cells.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inducible") (:form . "inducible") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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"bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV") (:form . "HIV") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Jurkat") (:form . "Jurkat") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s683.4) (:did . :|2302185|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006328@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The two proteins differ in their surface charge, since they are separable by anion-exchange chromatography.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "differ") (:form . "differ") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "surface") (:form . "surface") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "charge") (:form . "charge") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "since") (:end . 54) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "separable") (:form . "separable") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anion-exchange") (:form . "anion-exchange")\n (:end . 91) (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromatography") (:form . "chromatography")\n (:end . 106) (:start . 92) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s683.5) (:did . :|2302185|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006330@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both C1 and C2 proteins also bind to a similar sequence found in the interleukin-2-receptor alpha-subunit enhancer.@(((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c1") (:form . "C1") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c2") (:form . "C2") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interleukin-2-receptor")\n (:form . "interleukin-2-receptor") (:end . 91) (:start . 69) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alpha-subunit") (:form . "alpha-subunit")\n (:end . 105) (:start . 92) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s683.7) (:did . :|2302185|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006331@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The inducible C1 protein was partially purified by three chromatographic steps and characterized by u.v. cross-linking as a 47 kDa protein.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inducible") (:form . "inducible") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c1") (:form . "C1") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "partially") (:form . "partially") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "purify") (:form . "purified") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "chromatographic") (:form . "chromatographic")\n (:end . 72) (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "step") (:form . "steps") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterized")\n (:end . 96) (:start . 83) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "u.v.") (:form . "u.v.") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cross-linking") (:form . "cross-linking")\n (:end . 118) (:start . 105) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "47") (:form . "47") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kda") (:form . "kDa") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s683.8) (:did . :|2302185|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006332@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ubiquitous octamer-binding protein(s) is sufficient for transcription of immunoglobulin genes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ubiquitous") (:form . "ubiquitous") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "octamer-binding") (:form . "octamer-binding")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein(s)") (:form . "protein(s)") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sufficient") (:form . "sufficient") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 73) (:start . 60) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "immunoglobulin") (:form . "immunoglobulin")\n (:end . 91) (:start . 77) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s684.1) (:did . :|2304473|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006333@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All immunoglobulin genes contain a conserved octanucleotide promoter element, ATGCAAAT, which has been shown to be required for their normal B-cell-specific transcription.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "immunoglobulin") (:form . "immunoglobulin")\n (:end . 18) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"to") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "normal") (:form . "normal") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "b-cell-specific") (:form . "B-cell-specific")\n (:end . 156) (:start . 141) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 170) (:start . 157) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s684.2) (:did . :|2304473|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006334@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Proteins that bind this octamer have been purified, and cDNAs encoding octamer-binding proteins have been cloned.@(((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Protein") (:form . "Proteins") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "octamer") (:form . "octamer") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s685.1) (:did . :|2314899|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006342@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) promoter contains three copies of imperfect repeats of a 21-base pair sequence designated here as TRE (Tax-response element) that is responsive to the virally encoded transactivator protein Tax.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t-cell") (:form . "T-cell") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "leukemia") (:form . "leukemia") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "virus") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "type") (:form . 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"repeat") (:form . "repeats") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "21-base") (:form . "21-base") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "designate") (:form . "designated") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TRE") (:form . "TRE") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . 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"encoded") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transactivator") (:form . "transactivator")\n (:end . 229) (:start . 215) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tax") (:form . "Tax") (:end . 241) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 242) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s685.2) (:did . :|2314899|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006343@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have identified and separated four nuclear proteins from C81-66-45 cells, an HTLV-I immortalized Tax-expressing human T-lymphocyte line (Salahuddin et al., 1983), that interact with the TRE-DNA, none of which are identical with the Tax-protein.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . 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"et") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1983") (:form . "1983") (:end . 163) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 184) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 188) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TRE-DNA") (:form . "TRE-DNA") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "none") (:form . "none") (:end . 202) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 205) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 215) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 216) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 230) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 234) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Tax-protein") (:form . "Tax-protein") (:end . 246)\n (:start . 235) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 247) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:ncues ((:id . :x685.3.1) (:span 198 202)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x685.3.1) (:span 198 246)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s685.3) (:did . :|2314899|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006344@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The proteins identified have molecular weights of about 32, 36 to 42, 50 and 110 kD.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "molecular") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "weight") (:form . "weights") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "32") (:form . "32") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "36") (:form . "36") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "42") (:form . "42") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "50") (:form . "50") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "110") (:form . "110") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kd") (:form . "kD") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s685.4) (:did . :|2314899|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006345@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Four different methods were used to identify the proteins.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "Four") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identify") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s685.5) (:did . :|2314899|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006346@unknown@formal@none@1@S@First, from different cell lines three or all four of the nuclear proteins were specifically cross-linked by UV irradiation to the radioactively labeled TRE-DNA fragment.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "first") (:form . "First") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . 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"TRE-DNA") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fragment") (:form . "fragment") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s685.6) (:did . :|2314899|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006347@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Second, TRE-DNA binding proteins sedimented through a glycerol density gradient at rates corresponding to proteins of native molecular weights of 35 to 50 kD and 110 kD.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "second") (:form . "Second") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TRE-DNA") (:form . "TRE-DNA") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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"to") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "native") (:form . "native") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "molecular") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "weight") (:form . "weights") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "35") (:form . "35") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "50") (:form . "50") (:end . 154) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kd") (:form . "kD") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "110") (:form . "110") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kd") (:form . "kD") (:end . 168) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s685.7) (:did . :|2314899|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006348@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Third, only the 50 kD protein was retained on a biotinylated DNA-streptavidin matrix when the DNA fragment contained the TRE-DNA.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "third") (:form . "Third") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x688.10.1) (:span 104 107))\n ((:id . :x688.10.2) (:span 14 17)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x688.10.1) (:span 104 171))\n ((:id . :x688.10.2) (:span 0 99)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s688.10) (:did . :|2407588|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006384@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ETS1 transactivates the human GM-CSF promoter in Jurkat T cells stimulated with PMA and ionomycin.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ETS1") (:form . "ETS1") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "transactivate") (:form . "transactivates")\n (:end . 19) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GM-CSF") (:form . "GM-CSF") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s689.1) (:did . :|7478534|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006385@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Activation of T helper cells results in coordinate expression of a number of cytokines involved in differentiation, proliferation and activation of the haematopoietic system.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Activation") (:form . "Activation") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "helper") (:form . "helper") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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"auxiliary") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd28") (:form . "CD28") (:end . 132) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s693.2) (:did . :|7486667|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006426@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Several transcription factors participate in IL-2 promoter activation, among which are AP-1-like factors and NF-kappa B.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "Several") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 21) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "participate") (:form . 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",") (:end . 224) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "i") (:form . "I") (:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 235) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 240) (:start . 236)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 249)\n (:start . 241) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 251) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 252) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allowing") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 253) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "translocation") (:form . "translocation")\n (:end . 275) (:start . 262) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 278) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 282) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "latter") (:form . "latter") (:end . 289)\n (:start . 283) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 294) (:start . 290)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 298) (:start . 295)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nucleus") (:form . "nucleus") (:end . 306)\n (:start . 299) (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 307) (:start . 306)\n (:id . 101)))@@@1@60@((:identifiers (:sid . :s693.4) (:did . :|7486667|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006428@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have recently shown that both phosphorylation processes require T-cell costimulation.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . 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"costimulation")\n (:end . 87) (:start . 74) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s693.5) (:did . :|7486667|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006430@unknown@formal@none@1@S@According to our results, however, the kinases responsible for the two processes are distinct entities.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "accord") (:form . "According") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "however") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 224) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s693.8) (:did . :|7486667|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006432@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We, therefore, propose the activation scheme presented in FIGURE 3 for T-cell costimulation.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "propose") (:form . "propose") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . 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(:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x705.13.2) (:span 14 19)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x705.13.1) (:span 40 43)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x705.13.2) (:span 14 120)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x705.13.1) (:span 40 120)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s705.13) (:did . :|7520914|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006555@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Regulation of CD14 expression during monocytic differentiation induced with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "Regulation") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd14") (:form . "CD14") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . 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(:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s706.1) (:did . :|7522257|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006556@unknown@formal@none@1@S@CD14, a monocyte/macrophage receptor for the complex of LPS and LPS binding protein, is a differentiation marker for the monocyte/macrophage lineage.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd14") (:form . "CD14") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 7) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "monocyte/macrophage")\n (:form . "monocyte/macrophage") (:end . 27) (:start . 8) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s706.2) (:did . :|7522257|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006557@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have analyzed the regulation of CD14 expression during 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD3)-induced monocytic differentiation.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzed") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd14") (:form . 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(:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x710.10.1) (:span 88 95)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x710.10.1) (:span 88 205)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s710.10) (:did . :|7525701|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006602@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Separation of oxidant-initiated and redox-regulated steps in the NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "separation") (:form . "Separation") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "oxidant-initiated") (:form . "oxidant-initiated")\n (:end . 31) (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "redox-regulated") (:form . "redox-regulated")\n (:end . 51) (:start . 36) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "step") (:form . 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(:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s711.1) (:did . :|7526398|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006603@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Studies presented here show that overall NF-kappa B signal transduction begins with a parallel series of stimuli-specific pathways through which cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha), oxidants (hydrogen peroxide and mitomycin C), and phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) individually initiate signaling.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "Studies") (:end . 7) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "present") (:form . "presented") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 282) (:start . 281)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:ncues ((:id . :x711.4.1) (:span 165 168)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x711.4.1) (:span 165 175)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s711.4) (:did . :|7526398|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006606@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We propose the common pathway as the simplest way of accounting for the common requirements and properties of the signaling pathway.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "propose") (:form . "propose") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathway") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . 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(:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s711.5) (:did . :|7526398|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006607@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We include a redox-regulatory mechanism(s) in this common pathway to account for the previously demonstrated redox regulation of NF-kappa B activation in Jurkat cells (in which oxidants don't activate NF-kappa B); we put tyrosine phosphorylation in the common pathway by showing that kinase activity (inhibitable by herbimycin A and tyrphostin 47) is required for NF-kappa B activation by all stimuli tested in both cell lines.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "include") (:form . "include") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "redox-regulatory") (:form . 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(:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:ncues ((:id . :x741.1.1) (:span 104 107)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x741.1.1) (:span 104 118)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s741.1) (:did . :|7609053|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006880@unknown@formal@none@1@S@HIV-1 and HIV-2 display significant differences in nucleic acid sequence and in the natural history of clinical disease.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV-1") (:form . "HIV-1") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV-2") (:form . "HIV-2") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "display") (:form . "display") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "difference") (:form . 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"JJ") (:stem . "clinical") (:form . "clinical") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "disease") (:form . "disease") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s741.3) (:did . :|7609053|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006881@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Consistent with these differences, we have previously demonstrated that the enhancer/promoter region of HIV-2 functions quite differently from that of HIV-1.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "Consistent") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "difference") (:form . 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(:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s741.4) (:did . :|7609053|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006882@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Whereas activation of the HIV-1 enhancer following T-cell stimulation is mediated largely through binding of the transcription factor NF-kappa B to two adjacent kappa B sites in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat, activation of the HIV-2 enhancer in monocytes and T cells is dependent on four cis-acting elements: a single kappa B site, two purine-rich binding sites, PuB1 and PuB2, and a pets site.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whereas") (:form . "Whereas") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 382) (:start . 379)\n (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 384) (:start . 383)\n (:id . 108))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pet") (:form . "pets") (:end . 389) (:start . 385)\n (:id . 109))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 394) (:start . 390)\n (:id . 110))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 395) (:start . 394)\n (:id . 111)))@@@1@70@((:identifiers (:sid . :s741.5) (:did . :|7609053|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006883@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have now identified a novel cis-acting element within the HIV-2 enhancer, immediately upstream of the kappa B site, designated peri-kappa B.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "now") (:form . 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"lines") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:ncues ((:id . :x741.7.1) (:span 217 220)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x741.7.1) (:span 217 233)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s741.7) (:did . :|7609053|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006885@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is the first description of an HIV-2 enhancer element which displays such monocyte specificity, and no comparable enhancer element has been clearly defined for HIV-1.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "description") (:form . 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(:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x742.3.2) (:span 89 99)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x742.3.1) (:span 112 114))\n ((:id . :x742.3.3) (:span 44 47)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x742.3.2) (:span 89 147)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x742.3.1) (:span 112 147))\n ((:id . :x742.3.3) (:span 44 56)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s742.3) (:did . :|7622191|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006892@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, TG induced increases in IL-2R alpha protein as well as IL-2R alpha mRNA in Jurkat T cells in a dose-dependent manner.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TG") (:form . "TG") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "induce") (:form . "induced") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x743.14.1) (:span 25 32)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x743.14.1) (:span 25 138)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s743.14) (:did . :|7623828|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006912@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Activation of NF-kappa B by phosphatase inhibitors involves the phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha at phosphatase 2A-sensitive sites.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Activation") (:form . "Activation") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phosphatase") (:form . 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(:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x744.2.1) (:span 186 193)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x744.2.1) (:span 153 193)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s744.2) (:did . :|7629157|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006914@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the present study, the role of serine/threonine phosphatases in the regulation of I kappa B alpha phosphorylation was investigated.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 354) (:start . 353)\n (:id . 103)))@@@1@62@((:hcues ((:id . :x746.6.2) (:span 122 129)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x746.6.1) (:span 262 265)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x746.6.2) (:span 122 196)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x746.6.1) (:span 262 299)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s746.6) (:did . :|7635985|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006935@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Congruous with the involvement of a Stat protein, IL-4 induced robust Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) activity in BL-2 cells.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "congruous") (:form . "Congruous") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "involvement") (:form . "involvement") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s748.1) (:did . :|7637809|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006951@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Lymphocytes are particularly susceptible to DNA damage-induced apoptosis, a response which may serve as a form of 'altruistic suicide' to counter their intrinsic high potential for mutation and clonal expansion.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "lymphocyte") (:form . "Lymphocytes") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "particularly") (:form . "particularly") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "susceptible") (:form . "susceptible") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . 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(:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s750.1) (:did . :|7641319|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006970@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Platelet thromboxane receptors are acutely and reversibly upregulated after acute myocardial infarction.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Platelet") (:form . "Platelet") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "thromboxane") (:form . "thromboxane") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptors") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "acutely") (:form . "acutely") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "reversibly") (:form . 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(:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x750.4.1) (:span 13 15)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x750.4.1) (:span 13 80)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s750.4) (:did . :|7641319|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006972@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The exon-intron structure of the 5' portion of the thromboxane receptor gene was determined initially by comparing the nucleotide sequence of the 5' flanking genomic clone with that of a novel human uterine thromboxane receptor cDNA that extended the mRNA 141 bp further upstream than the previously identified human placental cDNA.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "exon-intron") (:form . "exon-intron") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s752.2) (:did . :|7645208|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006988@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mutations in the tat gene have been shown to block HIV replication in human T cells.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "Mutations") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tat") (:form . "tat") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "block") (:form . "block") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV") (:form . "HIV") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "replication") (:form . "replication") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s752.3) (:did . :|7645208|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006990@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is possible that Tat is also needed for other functions during HIV replication.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Tat") (:form . "Tat") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "need") (:form . "needed") (:end . 38) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV") (:form . "HIV") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "replication") (:form . "replication") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:hcues ((:id . :x752.5.1) (:span 6 14)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x752.5.1) (:span 6 81)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s752.5) (:did . :|7645208|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006991@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To test these hypotheses, we studied several tat mutants, including two stop codon mutants and one deletion mutant using replication-competent HIV-1 constructs carrying wild-type or mutant LTRs with modifications in the NF-kappa B and/or Sp1 binding sites.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hypothesis") (:form . "hypotheses") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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"and/or") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 231) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sp1") (:form . "Sp1") (:end . 241) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 249)\n (:start . 242) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 255)\n (:start . 250) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 256) (:start . 255)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:identifiers (:sid . :s752.6) (:did . :|7645208|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006992@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study, we show that Tat- HIV-1 with wild-type LTRs can replicate in HeLa cells, and the virus produced from HeLa cells can infect primary peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s752.7) (:did . :|7645208|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006993@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It was found that the propagation of the Tat mutants containing wild-type LTRs was less efficient than that of the LTR-modified Tat mutants.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "propagation") (:form . "propagation") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ltr-modified") (:form . "LTR-modified") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Tat") (:form . "Tat") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutants") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s752.8) (:did . :|7645208|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006994@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Large amounts of viral RNA and particles were synthesized in infections established using the tat mutants that contain modified LTRs.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s752.9) (:did . :|7645208|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5006995@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, this efficient propagation of the LTR-modified tat mutants was restricted to some lymphoid cell lines that have been transformed with other viruses.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "efficient") (:form . "efficient") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "propagation") (:form . "propagation") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s757.3) (:did . :|7664781|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007044@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the present study we analyzed the control of IL-2 promoter activity in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B cell clones which are capable of secreting IL-2 at a low level after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . 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"at") (:end . 163) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low") (:form . "low") (:end . 169) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "after") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stimulation") (:form . "stimulation") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 198) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phorbol") (:form . "phorbol") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "12-myristate") (:form . "12-myristate") (:end . 219)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "13-acetate") (:form . "13-acetate") (:end . 230)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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"NF-chi") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TCEd") (:form . "TCEd") (:end . 210) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 212) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 223) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performed") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 224) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s757.5) (:did . :|7664781|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007046@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In EBV-transformed B clones, the chi B site exerted the strongest inducible activity; the NF-AT binding sites showed either no or only weak activity compared to Jurkat T cells.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ebv-transformed") (:form . "EBV-transformed")\n (:end . 18) (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "clones") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"NF-AT") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showed") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "weak") (:form . "weak") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compare") (:form . 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(:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x757.6.2) (:span 117 123 127 129)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x757.6.1) (:span 124 126)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x757.6.2) (:span 117 139)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x757.6.1) (:span 124 126)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s757.6) (:did . :|7664781|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007047@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An IL-2 promoter bearing a defective NF-chi B site was completely inactive in EBV-transformed B cells, while it still had activity in Jurkat T cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "An") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2") (:form . "IL-2") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bear") (:form . "bearing") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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(:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s758.5) (:did . :|7665588|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007058@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The mechanism of generation of p50 is not known.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanism") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "generation") (:form . "generation") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p50") (:form . "p50") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:hcues ((:id . :x758.6.1) (:span 38 47)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x758.6.1) (:span 0 47)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s758.6) (:did . :|7665588|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007060@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Palombella and colleagues (Palombella, V.J., Rando, O.J., Goldberg, A.L., and Maniatis, T.(1994) Cell 78, 773-785) have shown that ubiquitin is required for the processing in a cell-free system of a truncated, artificially constructed, 60-kDa precursor.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Palombella") (:form . "Palombella") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "colleague") (:form . 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(:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s758.9) (:did . :|7665588|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007062@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study, we demonstrate reconstitution of a cell-free processing system and demonstrate directly that: (a) the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in processing of the intact p105 precursor, (b) conjugation of ubiquitin to the precursor is an essential intermediate step in the processing, (c) the recently discovered novel species of the ubiquitin-carrier protein, E2-F1, that is involved in the conjugation and degradation of p53, is also required for the limited processing of the p105 precursor, and (d) a novel, approximately 320-kDa species of ubiquitin-protein ligase, is involved in the process.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . 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(:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s763.1) (:did . :|7706710|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007104@unknown@formal@none@1@S@IL-2-mediated T cell proliferation is a critical early event in the inflammatory process.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "il-2-mediated") (:form . "IL-2-mediated")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proliferation") (:form . "proliferation")\n (:end . 34) (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "critical") (:form . "critical") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s763.4) (:did . :|7706710|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007107@unknown@formal@none@1@S@WIN 61058 and WIN 53071 were identified as microM inhibitors.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "win") (:form . "WIN") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "61058") (:form . "61058") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "WIN") (:form . "WIN") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "53071") (:form . "53071") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . 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(:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s763.9) (:did . :|7706710|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007112@unknown@formal@none@1@S@WIN 53071 inhibited IL-2 production induced in the calcium-dependent PMA and ionomycin pathway.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "win") (:form . "WIN") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "53071") (:form . "53071") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "inhibit") (:form . "inhibited") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2") (:form . "IL-2") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "production") (:form . "production") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "induce") (:form . "induced") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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"Conversely") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "calcium-independent")\n (:form . "calcium-independent") (:end . 31) (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "anti-cd28") (:form . "anti-CD28") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ab") (:form . "Ab") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pma-induced") (:form . "PMA-induced") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2") (:form . "IL-2") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "production") (:form . "production") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "resistant") (:form . "resistant") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s763.11) (:did . :|7706710|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007114@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both compounds altered the NFAT-1 transcriptional complex, causing its retarded mobility on gels.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "compound") (:form . "compounds") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "alter") (:form . "altered") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nfat-1") (:form . "NFAT-1") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . 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(:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s763.12) (:did . :|7706710|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007115@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By these functional criteria, we believe we have identified two structurally distinct, novel inhibitors of NFAT-1-mediated transcription.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "functional") (:form . "functional") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "criterion") (:form . "criteria") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "believe") (:form . "believe") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "structurally") (:form . "structurally") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "inhibitor") (:form . "inhibitors") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nfat-1-mediated") (:form . "NFAT-1-mediated")\n (:end . 122) (:start . 107) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 136) (:start . 123) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x763.13.1) (:span 33 40)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x763.13.1) (:span 33 136)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s763.13) (:did . :|7706710|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007116@unknown@formal@none@1@S@cDNA cloning of a NGFI-B/nur77-related transcription factor from an apoptotic human T cell line.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cdna") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cloning") (:form . "cloning") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ngfi-b/nur77-related")\n (:form . "NGFI-B/nur77-related") (:end . 38) (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 52) (:start . 39) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apoptotic") (:form . "apoptotic") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "line") (:form . "line") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s764.1) (:did . :|7706727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007117@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A human T lymphoid cell line, PEER, dies by apoptosis in the presence of PMA and calcium ionophore.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 7) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 9) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lymphoid") (:form . "lymphoid") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "line") (:form . "line") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PEER") (:form . "PEER") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "die") (:form . "dies") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "apoptosis") (:form . "apoptosis") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PMA") (:form . "PMA") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "calcium") (:form . "calcium") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ionophore") (:form . "ionophore") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s764.2) (:did . :|7706727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007118@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A new gene, TINUR, was cloned from apoptotic PEER cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 5) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TINUR") (:form . "TINUR") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "cloned") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apoptotic") (:form . "apoptotic") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "peer") (:form . "PEER") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s764.3) (:did . :|7706727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007120@unknown@formal@none@1@S@TINUR belongs to the NGFI-B/nur77 family of the steroid receptor superfamily and is an orphan receptor.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TINUR") (:form . "TINUR") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "belong") (:form . "belongs") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ngfi-b/nur77") (:form . "NGFI-B/nur77") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "steroid") (:form . "steroid") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamily") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "orphan") (:form . "orphan") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s764.5) (:did . :|7706727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007121@unknown@formal@none@1@S@TINUR binds to the same DNA sequence as NGFI-B/nur77.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TINUR") (:form . "TINUR") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binds") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NGFI-B/nur77") (:form . "NGFI-B/nur77") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s764.6) (:did . :|7706727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007122@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also propose that the NGFI-B/nur77 family can be classified into two subtypes.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "propose") (:form . "propose") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ngfi-b/nur77") (:form . "NGFI-B/nur77") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "classify") (:form . "classified") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "subtype") (:form . "subtypes") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:hcues ((:id . :x764.7.1) (:span 8 15)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x764.7.1) (:span 8 80)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s764.7) (:did . :|7706727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007123@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Platelet-activating factor stimulates transcription of the heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor in monocytes.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "platelet-activating")\n (:form . "Platelet-activating") (:end . 19) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "stimulate") (:form . "stimulates") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 51) (:start . 38) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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(:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s773.1) (:did . :|7747417|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007201@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The IE2 gene product of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is one of a few viral regulatory proteins expressed immediately upon infection of the host cell.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ie2") (:form . "IE2") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "product") (:form . "product") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cytomegalovirus") (:form . 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(:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s773.2) (:did . :|7747417|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007202@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is a potent transcriptional activator of many viral and cellular promoters.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 7) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "potent") (:form . "potent") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activator") (:form . "activator") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s773.4) (:did . :|7747417|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007204@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, unlike another tumor suppressor protein, p53, Rb did not have any significant effect on basal levels of transcription, suggesting that Rb specifically interacts with IE2 rather than other cellular factors involved in the general transcription machinery.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "unlike") (:form . "unlike") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tumor") (:form . "tumor") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"in") (:end . 225) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 229) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "general") (:form . "general") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 251) (:start . 238) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "machinery") (:form . "machinery") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 252) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 262) (:start . 261)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:hcues ((:id . :x773.5.2) (:span 128 138)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x773.5.1) (:span 179 190)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x773.5.2) (:span 128 261)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x773.5.1) (:span 179 261)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s773.5) (:did . :|7747417|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007205@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We found by protein-affinity chromatography that Rb in nuclear extracts or produced by in vitro translation directly bound to IE2.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-affinity") (:form . "protein-affinity")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromatography") (:form . 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(:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x773.7.1) (:span 28 31)) ((:id . :x773.7.2) (:span 12 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x773.7.1) (:span 28 105))\n ((:id . :x773.7.2) (:span 12 105)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s773.7) (:did . :|7747417|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007207@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, these data may provide new insights into the slow rate of HCMV DNA replication in cells and the possible involvement of HCMV in tumorigenesis.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . 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"tumorigenesis")\n (:end . 154) (:start . 141) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x773.8.1) (:span 109 117))\n ((:id . :x773.8.2) (:span 24 27)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x773.8.1) (:span 109 154))\n ((:id . :x773.8.2) (:span 24 154)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s773.8) (:did . :|7747417|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007208@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Epstein-Barr virus replicative gene transcription during de novo infection of human thymocytes: simultaneous early expression of BZLF-1 and its repressor RAZ.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "epstein-barr") (:form . "Epstein-Barr") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "virus") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "replicative") (:form . "replicative") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"simultaneous") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "early") (:form . "early") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BZLF-1") (:form . "BZLF-1") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repressor") (:form . "repressor") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAZ") (:form . "RAZ") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s774.1) (:did . :|7747440|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007210@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We and others have shown that EBV can also infect a subset of thymocytes.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "other") (:form . "others") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "EBV") (:form . "EBV") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . 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(:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:ncues ((:id . :x774.5.1) (:span 38 41)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x774.5.1) (:span 0 50)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s774.5) (:did . :|7747440|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007213@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is in contrast to the infection in B cells where the genome can circularize within 24 hr of infection.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s774.7) (:did . :|7747440|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007215@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The appearance of a novel fusion transcript (RAZ), which comprised regions of the BZLF-1 locus and the adjacent BRLF-1 locus, was detected by RT-PCR.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "appearance") (:form . "appearance") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fusion") (:form . "fusion") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcript") (:form . 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(:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s776.7) (:did . :|7749985|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007236@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The transactivation of multiple cis elements, especially S and X2, of the DR alpha proximal promoter in group II CID cells is CIITA dependent.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transactivation") (:form . "transactivation")\n (:end . 19) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cis") (:form . "cis") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x776.9.1) (:span 84 91)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x776.9.2) (:span 47 50)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x776.9.1) (:span 84 224)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x776.9.2) (:span 47 79)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s776.9) (:did . :|7749985|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007238@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Identification of two novel regulatory elements within the 5'-untranslated region of the human A gamma-globin gene.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identification") (:form . "Identification")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . 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"of") (:end . 222) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 226) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sse") (:form . "SSE") (:end . 230) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 231) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "completely") (:form . "completely") (:end . 242)\n (:start . 232) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "silence") (:form . "silencing") (:end . 252)\n (:start . 243) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 254) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "link") (:form . "linked") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beta-promoter") (:form . "beta-promoter")\n (:end . 275) (:start . 262) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 276) (:start . 275)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:ncues ((:id . :x777.4.1) (:span 212 219)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x777.4.1) (:span 212 230)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s777.4) (:did . :|7759548|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007242@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mutation of a 20-base pair sequence of the gamma-gene 5'-untranslated region (UTR) led to derepression of beta-promoter activity.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "Mutation") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "20-base") (:form . "20-base") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . 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",") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggesting") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repressor") (:form . "repressor") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x777.6.1) (:span 85 95)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x777.6.1) (:span 85 123)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s777.6) (:did . :|7759548|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007244@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Fine mutagenesis dissected these activities to different regions of the 5'-UTR.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "fine") (:form . "Fine") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutagenesis") (:form . "mutagenesis") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "dissect") (:form . "dissected") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activities") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"VBP") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appear") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 309) (:start . 308)\n (:id . 94)))@@@1@53@((:ncues ((:id . :x784.4.1) (:span 220 227))\n ((:id . :x784.4.2) (:span 195 198)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x784.4.1) (:span 220 308))\n ((:id . :x784.4.2) (:span 195 308)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s784.4) (:did . :|7802642|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007317@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These findings suggest a molecular mechanism of positive regulation of PAFR gene expression by PAF through NF-kappa B, possibly by a phosphorylation reaction involving protein kinase C by PAF.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "findings") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 192) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x784.5.1) (:span 119 127))\n ((:id . :x784.5.2) (:span 15 22)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x784.5.1) (:span 119 191))\n ((:id . :x784.5.2) (:span 15 191)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s784.5) (:did . :|7802642|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007318@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Characterization of the CD48 gene demonstrates a positive element that is specific to Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B-cell lines and contains an essential NF-kappa B site.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "characterization") (:form . "Characterization")\n (:end . 16) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd48") (:form . "CD48") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . 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"lines") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s785.3) (:did . :|7815555|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007321@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The element is not activated upon infection of established EBV-negative B-cell lines, indicating that EBV fails to drive these cells to a fully lymphoblastoid phenotype.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "activate") (:form . "activated") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "upon") (:form . 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"phenotype") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x785.4.2) (:span 86 101)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x785.4.1) (:span 106 111))\n ((:id . :x785.4.3) (:span 15 18)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x785.4.2) (:span 86 168)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x785.4.1) (:span 106 168))\n ((:id . :x785.4.3) (:span 0 84)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s785.4) (:did . :|7815555|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007322@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An NF-kappa B binding site is an essential component of the element but alone is not sufficient to account for the activity or the specificity of the element.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "An") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . 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(:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s787.3) (:did . :|7826623|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007341@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have previously shown that treatment of Jurkat T cells with phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and the phorbol ester, PMA, activated transcription initiation from the IL-3 gene.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "treatment") (:form . "treatment") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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(:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s787.5) (:did . :|7826623|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007343@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both positive and negative regulatory elements were identified in the proximal 5' flanking region of the IL-3 gene.@(((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"il-3") (:form . "IL-3") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 114) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s787.6) (:did . :|7826623|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007344@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The promoter region between -173 and -60 contained the strongest activating elements.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "-173") (:form . "-173") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s787.7) (:did . :|7826623|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007345@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The transcription factor AP-1 could bind to this positive activator region of the promoter.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ap-1") (:form . "AP-1") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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(:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s787.8) (:did . :|7826623|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007346@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also examined the function of the IL-3 CK-1/CK-2 elements that are present in many cytokine genes and found that they acted as a repressor of basal level expression when cloned upstream of a heterologous promoter but were also inducible by PMA/PHA.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examined") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:ncues ((:id . :x788.11.1) (:span 138 141)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x788.11.1) (:span 138 181)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s788.11) (:did . :|7836389|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007358@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Altogether these data indicate that, in 7TD1 cells, IL-6 controls junB transcription in a biphasic fashion by means of two separate transduction pathways.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "altogether") (:form . "Altogether") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . 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(:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x788.12.1) (:span 22 35)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x788.12.1) (:span 22 153)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s788.12) (:did . :|7836389|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007360@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The regulation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation by the T cell receptor (TcR)/CD3 complex in primary human T cells has been studied at various times after activation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . 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(:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:ncues ((:id . :x795.9.1) (:span 0 2)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x795.9.1) (:span 0 79)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s795.9) (:did . :|7858491|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007425@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, deregulation of genes encoding for certain hemopoietic growth factors or receptors does not seem to represent a major mechanism of MDS progression.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deregulation") (:form . "deregulation") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "encode") (:form . 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(:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x803.7.1) (:span 14 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x803.7.1) (:span 14 116)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s803.7) (:did . :|7878466|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007498@unknown@formal@none@1@S@HIV-1 Nef leads to inhibition or activation of T cells depending on its intracellular localization.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV-1") (:form . "HIV-1") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Nef") (:form . "Nef") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "lead") (:form . "leads") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inhibition") (:form . "inhibition") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:ncues ((:id . :x804.3.1) (:span 24 26)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x804.3.1) (:span 24 41)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s804.3) (:did . :|7882168|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007501@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To reconcile these observations, we expressed a hybrid CD8-Nef protein in Jurkat cells.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "reconcile") (:form . "reconcile") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observations") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressed") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hybrid") (:form . "hybrid") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd8-nef") (:form . "CD8-Nef") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Jurkat") (:form . "Jurkat") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s804.4) (:did . :|7882168|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007502@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Two opposite phenotypes were found, which depended on the intracellular localization of Nef.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "Two") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "opposite") (:form . "opposite") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . "phenotypes") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . 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(:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s804.5) (:did . :|7882168|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007503@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Expressed in the cytoplasm or on the cell surface, the chimera inhibited or activated early signaling events from the T cell antigen receptor.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "express") (:form . "Expressed") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cytoplasm") (:form . "cytoplasm") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s804.6) (:did . :|7882168|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007504@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Activated Jurkat cells died by apoptosis, and only cells with mutated nef genes expressing truncated Nefs survived, which rendered Nef nonfunctional.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "activate") (:form . "Activated") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Jurkat") (:form . "Jurkat") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "die") (:form . "died") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "apoptosis") (:form . "apoptosis") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mutate") (:form . "mutated") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nef") (:form . "nef") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 79) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressing") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "truncate") (:form . "truncated") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "nef") (:form . "Nefs") (:end . 105) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "survive") (:form . "survived") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "render") (:form . "rendered") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Nef") (:form . "Nef") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonfunctional") (:form . "nonfunctional")\n (:end . 148) (:start . 135) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s804.7) (:did . :|7882168|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007505@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These mutations paralleled those in other viral strains passaged in vitro.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "parallel") (:form . "paralleled") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "viral") (:form . "viral") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "strain") (:form . "strains") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "passage") (:form . "passaged") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vitro") (:form . "vitro") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s804.8) (:did . :|7882168|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007506@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Not only do these positional effects of Nef reconcile diverse phenotypes of Nef and suggest a role for its N-terminal myristylation, but they also explain effects of Nef in HIV infection and progression to AIDS.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "Not") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positional") (:form . "positional") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effects") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Nef") (:form . "Nef") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "reconcile") (:form . "reconcile") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diverse") (:form . "diverse") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . "phenotypes") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Nef") (:form . "Nef") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "myristylation") (:form . "myristylation")\n (:end . 131) (:start . 118) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 141) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 146) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "explain") (:form . "explain") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effects") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 165) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Nef") (:form . "Nef") (:end . 169) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 172) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HIV") (:form . "HIV") (:end . 176) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "infection") (:form . "infection") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 190) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "progression") (:form . "progression") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 205) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AIDS") (:form . "AIDS") (:end . 210) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:hcues ((:id . :x804.9.1) (:span 84 91)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x804.9.1) (:span 84 131)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s804.9) (:did . :|7882168|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007507@unknown@formal@none@1@S@LMP-1 activates NF-kappa B by targeting the inhibitory molecule I kappa B alpha.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lmp-1") (:form . "LMP-1") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "activate") (:form . "activates") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "target") (:form . "targeting") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inhibitory") (:form . "inhibitory") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "molecule") (:form . "molecule") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "i") (:form . "I") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alpha") (:form . "alpha") (:end . 79) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s805.1) (:did . :|7884865|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007508@unknown@formal@none@1@S@LMP-1, an Epstein-Barr virus membrane protein expressed during latent infection, has oncogenic properties, as judged from its ability to transform B lymphocytes and rodent fibroblasts.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lmp-1") (:form . "LMP-1") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "epstein-barr") (:form . "Epstein-Barr") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "virus") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "membrane") (:form . "membrane") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x807.6.1) (:span 141 144)) ((:id . :x807.6.2) (:span 44 47))\n ((:id . :x807.6.3) (:span 21 28)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x807.6.1) (:span 141 197))\n ((:id . :x807.6.2) (:span 44 197)) ((:id . :x807.6.3) (:span 21 197)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s807.6) (:did . :|7890658|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007540@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have previously described a mutant B lymphoblastoid cell line, Clone-13, that expresses HLA-DQ in the absence of HLA-DR and -DP.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:ncues ((:id . :x808.2.1) (:span 105 112)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x808.2.1) (:span 105 130)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s808.2) (:did . :|7890777|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007541@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Several criteria indicated that the defect in this cell line influences the activity of an isotype-specific transcription factor.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "Several") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "criterion") (:form . "criteria") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicated") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "defect") (:form . 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(:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x808.4.1) (:span 70 84)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x808.4.1) (:span 70 200)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s808.4) (:did . :|7890777|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007543@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A series of hybrid DRA/DQB reporter constructs was generated to further map the relevant cis-elements in this system.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "series") (:form . "series") (:end . 8) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hybrid") (:form . "hybrid") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DRA/DQB") (:form . "DRA/DQB") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reporter") (:form . 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(:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:ncues ((:id . :x808.6.1) (:span 58 61)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x808.6.1) (:span 58 95)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s808.6) (:did . :|7890777|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007545@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Substitution promoters were then generated where the entire X-box, or only the X1- or X2-boxes of HLA-DRA were replaced with the analogous regions of HLA-DQB.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "substitution") (:form . "Substitution") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoters") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . 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(:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s808.7) (:did . :|7890777|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007546@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The DQB X2-box was able to restore expression to the silent DRA reporter construct.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DQB") (:form . "DQB") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X2-box") (:form . "X2-box") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "able") (:form . "able") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "restore") (:form . "restore") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . 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(:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s808.8) (:did . :|7890777|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007547@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, replacement of the DQB X2-box with the DRA X2-box markedly diminished the activity of the DQB promoter in the mutant cell.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "replacement") (:form . "replacement") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DQB") (:form . "DQB") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X2-box") (:form . 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"none") (:form . "None") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hybrid") (:form . "hybrid") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reporter") (:form . "reporter") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "constructs") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "defective") (:form . "defective") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "transfecte") (:form . "transfected") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . 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"Jijoye") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:ncues ((:id . :x808.10.1) (:span 0 4)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x808.10.1) (:span 0 137)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s808.10) (:did . :|7890777|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007550@unknown@formal@none@1@S@[Regulation of transcription of the interleukin-2 gene in B-lymphocytes]@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "Regulation") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 1) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interleukin-2") (:form . "interleukin-2")\n (:end . 49) (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B-lymphocyte") (:form . "B-lymphocytes")\n (:end . 71) (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s809.1) (:did . :|7892566|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007551@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since most B cell clones immortalized with EBV virus can be induced to produce interleukin-2, a typical T cell cytokine, we studied the role of different elements of the IL-2 promoter in such clones by transfection.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . 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(:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x815.2.1) (:span 86 95)) ((:id . :x815.2.2) (:span 23 31)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x815.2.1) (:span 69 116))\n ((:id . :x815.2.2) (:span 0 63)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s815.2) (:did . :|7919963|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007598@unknown@formal@none@1@S@NM23 was identified in a system of murine melanoma cell lines, in which an inverse relationship was found between NM23 expression and metastatic ability.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NM23") (:form . "NM23") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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(:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s822.7) (:did . :|7931077|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007672@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The truncation resulted from limited proteolysis of p65 during cellular extraction which released particular lysosomal serine proteases, such as elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "truncation") (:form . "truncation") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "result") (:form . "resulted") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "limited") (:form . "limited") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proteolysis") (:form . 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"consequence") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 207) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GSSG") (:form . "GSSG") (:end . 214) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deficiency") (:form . "deficiency") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 215) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 228) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 233) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:hcues ((:id . :x825.9.1) (:span 182 185))\n ((:id . :x825.9.2) (:span 160 171)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x825.9.1) (:span 182 233))\n ((:id . :x825.9.2) (:span 160 233)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s825.9) (:did . :|7958618|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007702@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Erythropoietin-dependent induction of hemoglobin synthesis in a cytokine-dependent cell line M-TAT.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "erythropoietin-dependent")\n (:form . "Erythropoietin-dependent") (:end . 24) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "induction") (:form . "induction") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hemoglobin") (:form . "hemoglobin") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "synthesis") (:form . 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(:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s826.1) (:did . :|7961690|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007703@unknown@formal@none@1@S@M-TAT is a cytokine-dependent cell line with the potential to differentiate along the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m-tat") (:form . "M-TAT") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cytokine-dependent") (:form . "cytokine-dependent")\n (:end . 29) (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "line") (:form . "line") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . 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(:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x829.7.1) (:span 13 20)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x829.7.1) (:span 13 97)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s829.7) (:did . :|7964616|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007732@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We determined that the protein-binding region on the LMP promoter was within a 42 bp fragment encompassing nucleotides -135 to -176 relative to the LMP transcriptional start site.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determined") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-binding") (:form . "protein-binding")\n (:end . 38) (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"transcriptional")\n (:end . 167) (:start . 152) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "start") (:form . "start") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 178) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s829.8) (:did . :|7964616|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007733@unknown@formal@none@1@S@None of the DNA fragments investigated indicated interaction of EBNA-2 with the DNA via protein-protein interactions.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "none") (:form . "None") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . 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(:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s829.10) (:did . :|7964616|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007735@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, analysis of sucrose gradient fractions in the gel retardation assay provided evidence that the LMP promoter-binding proteins form a complex of higher M(r) in EBNA-2-positive cell extracts.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sucrose") (:form . "sucrose") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gradient") (:form . "gradient") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:hcues ((:id . :x829.13.1) (:span 56 61)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x829.13.1) (:span 56 203)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s829.13) (:did . :|7964616|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007738@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Enhanced responsiveness to nuclear factor kappa B contributes to the unique phenotype of simian immunodeficiency virus variant SIVsmmPBj14.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "enhance") (:form . "Enhanced") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "responsiveness") (:form . "responsiveness")\n (:end . 23) (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . 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"TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "elucidate") (:form . "elucidate") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contribution") (:form . "contribution") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 179) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 183) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unique") (:form . "unique") (:end . 190)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . "phenotype") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 203) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sivsmmpbj14") (:form . "SIVsmmPBj14") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s830.3) (:did . :|7966569|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007741@unknown@formal@none@1@S@LTR-directed transcription was measured by using luciferase reporter constructs that were transiently transfected into cultured cells.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ltr-directed") (:form . "LTR-directed") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 26) (:start . 13) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measured") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "luciferase") (:form . "luciferase") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reporter") (:form . "reporter") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "constructs") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "transiently") (:form . "transiently") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "transfecte") (:form . "transfected") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "culture") (:form . "cultured") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s830.4) (:did . :|7966569|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007742@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In a wide range of cell types, the basal transcriptional activity of the LTR from SIVsmmPBj14 was found to be 2- to 4.5-fold higher than that of an LTR from a non-acutely pathogenic strain.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 4) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "wide") (:form . "wide") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "range") (:form . "range") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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(:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s830.5) (:did . :|7966569|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007743@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These LTRs differ by five point mutations and a 22-bp duplication in SIVsmmPBj14, which includes a nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) site.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "LTR") (:form . "LTRs") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "differ") (:form . "differ") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "five") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "point") (:form . "point") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . 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"JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF") (:form . "NF") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") 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(:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x831.11.1) (:span 14 27)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x831.11.1) (:span 14 207)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s831.11) (:did . :|7969146|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007761@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A factor that regulates the class II major histocompatibility complex gene DPA is a member of a subfamily of zinc finger proteins that includes a Drosophila developmental control protein.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 8) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulates") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:ncues ((:id . :x832.7.1) (:span 91 94)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x832.7.1) (:span 91 123)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s832.7) (:did . :|7969177|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007768@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An acidic activation domain is located between the N-terminal conserved region of clone 18 and its zinc fingers.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "An") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "acidic") (:form . "acidic") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "located") (:form . 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"B") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:ncues ((:id . :x837.15.1) (:span 71 74)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x837.15.1) (:span 71 105)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s837.15) (:did . :|7998962|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007820@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Nonpituitary human prolactin gene transcription is independent of Pit-1 and differentially controlled in lymphocytes and in endometrial stroma.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonpituitary") (:form . "Nonpituitary") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prolactin") (:form . "prolactin") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s838.3) (:did . :|8015553|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007823@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Based on sequence homology we identified two binding motifs for Pit-1 and seven half-sites for glucocorticoid receptor/progesterone receptor (PR) binding.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "Based") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homology") (:form . "homology") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . 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(:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:ncues ((:id . :x838.6.1) (:span 103 106)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x838.6.1) (:span 103 205)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s838.6) (:did . :|8015553|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007826@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our experiments also show that activated PR does not confer direct transcriptional control on the dPRL promoter.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "activate") (:form . 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"the") (:end . 334) (:start . 331)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "status") (:form . "status") (:end . 341)\n (:start . 335) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 344) (:start . 342)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 348) (:start . 345)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "endogenous") (:form . "endogenous") (:end . 359)\n (:start . 349) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PRL") (:form . "PRL") (:end . 363) (:start . 360)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 368) (:start . 364)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 369) (:start . 368)\n (:id . 100)))@@@1@59@((:ncues ((:id . :x838.8.1) (:span 180 183)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x838.8.1) (:span 180 266)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s838.8) (:did . :|8015553|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007828@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This was in sharp contrast to endometrial cells where 3 kb 5'-flanking DNA conferred strong transcriptional activation on the dPRL promoter in decidualized endometrial stromal cells actively secreting PRL, but did not allow transcription in undifferentiated non-PRL-secreting endometrial stromal cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sharp") (:form . "sharp") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x849.13.1) (:span 30 37)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x849.13.1) (:span 30 115)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s849.13) (:did . :|8083467|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5007937@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Structure and expression of the human GATA3 gene.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "Structure") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gata3") (:form . 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"nef") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 162) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 167) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examined") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x859.3.1) (:span 93 96)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x859.3.1) (:span 87 176)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s859.3) (:did . :|8151786|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008025@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Stimulation of T cells with tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, or lipopolysaccharide resulted in the recruitment of transcriptional factors to a similar level whether or not the cells expressed the nef gene.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stimulation") (:form . 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"nef") (:end . 204) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 209) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x859.4.1) (:span 162 176)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x859.4.1) (:span 162 209)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s859.4) (:did . :|8151786|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008026@unknown@formal@none@1@S@On the other hand, stimulation of T cells by mitogens or antibodies to the T-cell receptor (TCR)-CD3 complex resulted in the down-regulation of transcriptional factors NF-kappa B and AP-1 in cells expressing the nef gene compared with cells not expressing the nef gene.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "On") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . 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"nef") (:end . 263) (:start . 260)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 268) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 269) (:start . 268)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:ncues ((:id . :x859.5.1) (:span 241 244)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x859.5.1) (:span 241 268)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s859.5) (:did . :|8151786|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008027@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Because the Nef protein does not affect the surface expression of the CD3-TCR complex, we conclude that the Nef protein down-regulates the transcriptional factors NF-kappa B and AP-1 in T cells in vitro through an effect on the TCR-dependent signal transduction pathway.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "Because") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . 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"pathway") (:end . 269)\n (:start . 262) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 270) (:start . 269)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:ncues ((:id . :x859.6.1) (:span 29 32)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x859.6.1) (:span 29 85)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s859.6) (:did . :|8151786|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008028@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Activation of nuclear factor kappa B in human neuroblastoma cell lines.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Activation") (:form . "Activation") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s860.10) (:did . :|8158122|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008038@unknown@formal@none@1@S@NF-kappa B was not activated by retinoic acid, which induced morphological differentiation of all the neuroblastoma cell lines used in the present study.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "activate") (:form . "activated") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "retinoic") (:form . 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(:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:ncues ((:id . :x860.11.1) (:span 15 18)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x860.11.1) (:span 0 45)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s860.11) (:did . :|8158122|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008040@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, the results obtained with TNF alpha proved that NF-kappa B activation was not sufficient for induction of neuroblastoma differentiation.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtained") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . 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(:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s861.1) (:did . :|8163464|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008042@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Peroxisome") (:form . "Peroxisome") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "proliferator-activated")\n (:form . "proliferator-activated") (:end . 33) (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s861.2) (:did . :|8163464|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008043@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Retinoid-like receptors play a central role in hormonal responses by forming heterodimers with other nuclear hormone receptors.@(((:tag . 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(:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s861.3) (:did . :|8163464|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008044@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study we have identified the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) as a new thyroid hormone receptor (THR) auxiliary nuclear protein, heterodimerizing with THR in solution.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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(:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x878.5.1) (:span 60 65)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x878.5.1) (:span 60 166)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s878.5) (:did . :|8543789|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008214@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In support of this model, we report that the human IL-4 promoter exists in multiple allelic forms that exhibit distinct transcriptional activities in IL-4-positive T cells.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "support") (:form . "support") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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"control") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s880.3) (:did . :|8555489|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008231@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The human B29 gene lacks either a TATA or a CAAT box and transcription is initiated at multiple sites.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b29") (:form . "B29") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "lack") (:form . "lacks") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"initiated") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x880.4.1) (:span 25 31 39 41)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x880.4.3) (:span 19 24)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x880.4.1) (:span 25 48)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x880.4.3) (:span 19 52)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s880.4) (:did . :|8555489|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008232@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The minimal promoter of the human B29 gene is contained within a 193-bp region 5' of these multiple start sites.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "minimal") (:form . "minimal") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b29") (:form . "B29") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contained") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "within") (:form . "within") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "193-bp") (:form . "193-bp") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "'") (:form . "'") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "start") (:form . "start") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s880.5) (:did . :|8555489|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008233@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This minimal promoter exhibits B-cell-specific activity and contains SP1, ETS, OCT, and IKAROS/LYF-1 transcription factor motifs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "minimal") (:form . "minimal") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "exhibit") (:form . "exhibits") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "b-cell-specific") (:form . "B-cell-specific")\n (:end . 46) (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sp1") (:form . "SP1") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ETS") (:form . "ETS") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "OCT") (:form . "OCT") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ikaros/lyf-1") (:form . "IKAROS/LYF-1") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 114) (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s880.6) (:did . :|8555489|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008234@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All these motifs are strikingly conserved in sequence and placement relative to the previously characterized murine B29 promoter.@(((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strikingly") (:form . "strikingly") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "placement") (:form . "placement") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterized")\n (:end . 108) (:start . 95) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "murine") (:form . "murine") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b29") (:form . "B29") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s880.7) (:did . :|8555489|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008235@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Additional upstream gene segments dramatically affected B29 minimal promoter activity.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "segment") (:form . "segments") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "dramatically") (:form . "dramatically") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "affect") (:form . "affected") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b29") (:form . "B29") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "minimal") (:form . "minimal") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s880.8) (:did . :|8555489|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008236@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A newly identified motif called the B29 conserved sequence (BCS), found upstream of both human and murine B29 promoters, appears to stimulate B29 transcription through a novel mechanism.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "newly") (:form . "newly") (:end . 7) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "call") (:form . "called") (:end . 31) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b29") (:form . "B29") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BCS") (:form . "BCS") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "murine") (:form . "murine") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b29") (:form . "B29") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoters") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "stimulate") (:form . "stimulate") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b29") (:form . "B29") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 159) (:start . 146) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanism") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x880.9.1) (:span 121 128)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x880.9.1) (:span 0 185)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s880.9) (:did . :|8555489|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008237@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A single BCS had little effect either on the minimal B29 promoter or on a heterologous promoter.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 8) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bcs") (:form . "BCS") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "little") (:form . "little") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "minimal") (:form . "minimal") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b29") (:form . "B29") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "heterologous") (:form . "heterologous") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s880.10) (:did . :|8555489|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008238@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Instead, the BCS stimulated transcription by counteracting 5' negative regulatory DNA sequences that block the activity of the B29 minimal promoter in its absence.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "instead") (:form . "Instead") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bcs") (:form . "BCS") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "stimulate") (:form . "stimulated") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 41) (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "counteract") (:form . "counteracting") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "'") (:form . "'") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "block") (:form . "block") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b29") (:form . 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(:end . 236) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x888.5.1) (:span 181 188)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x888.5.1) (:span 181 235)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s888.5) (:did . :|8600942|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008298@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Specifically, we examined nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation because it is crucial in transcriptional regulation of many inflammatory cytokine genes including TNF, IL-1, and IL-6.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . "Specifically") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examined") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . 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(:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s889.2) (:did . :|8602529|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008304@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A trapoxin affinity matrix was used to isolate two nuclear proteins that copurified with histone deacetylase activity.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "trapoxin") (:form . "trapoxin") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "affinity") (:form . "affinity") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matrix") (:form . "matrix") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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(:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s901.1) (:did . :|8622636|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008404@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(2E)-3-[5-(2,3-Dimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinoyl)]-2-nonyl-2- propenoic acid (E3330), is a novel agent with hepatoprotective activity.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP")\n (:stem . "2E)-3-[5-(2,3-Dimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinoyl)]-2-nonyl-2-")\n (:form . "2E)-3-[5-(2,3-Dimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinoyl)]-2-nonyl-2-")\n (:end . 63) (:start . 1) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "propenoic") (:form . "propenoic") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E3330") (:form . 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(:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s901.2) (:did . :|8622636|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008405@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We report the effect of E3330 on transcriptional activation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha gene and on nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e3330") (:form . "E3330") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . 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(:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s901.3) (:did . :|8622636|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008406@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Nuclear run-on experiments showed that E3330 decreases transcriptional activation of TNF-alpha gene induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in human peripheral monocytes.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "Nuclear") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "run-on") (:form . "run-on") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showed") (:end . 33) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e3330") (:form . "E3330") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s901.4) (:did . :|8622636|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008407@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To investigate the inhibitory mechanisms, we constructed a secreted-type placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) reporter gene whose transcription is controlled by a 1.4-kb human TNF-alpha promoter.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigate") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inhibitory") (:form . "inhibitory") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanisms") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s906.1) (:did . :|8626752|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008460@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Ligand-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the STATs promotes their homodimer and heterodimer formation and subsequent nuclear translocation.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ligand-induced") (:form . "Ligand-induced")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tyrosine") (:form . "tyrosine") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phosphorylation") (:form . "phosphorylation")\n (:end . 39) (:start . 24) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "STAT") (:form . "STATs") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . 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(:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x906.5.1) (:span 109 115 122 124)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x906.5.3) (:span 62 69)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x906.5.1) (:span 109 130)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x906.5.3) (:span 62 87)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s906.5) (:did . :|8626752|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008463@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Similarly, STAT1-STAT3 heterocomplexes are coimmunoadsorbed from hypotonic cytosol.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "similarly") (:form . "Similarly") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stat1-stat3") (:form . "STAT1-STAT3") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "heterocomplex") (:form . "heterocomplexes")\n (:end . 38) (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s909.9) (:did . :|8628274|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008500@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These findings with IkappaBbeta provide a potential mechanism for the constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in Tax-expressing cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "findings") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IkappaBbeta") (:form . "IkappaBbeta") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "potential") (:form . 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(:end . 292) (:start . 291)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:ncues ((:id . :x916.3.1) (:span 223 226)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x916.3.1) (:span 223 291)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s916.3) (:did . :|8635523|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008566@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the present study, we further analyzed the effect of ML-9 in comparison with that of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) a typical inducer of monocytic differentiation.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . 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(:end . 298) (:start . 297)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:ncues ((:id . :x918.6.1) (:span 215 218)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x918.6.1) (:span 215 257)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s918.6) (:did . :|8641353|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008598@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We demonstrated an uncoupling of AP-1 binding activity from p62c-fos, and p39c-jun AP-1 activity was expressed more strongly in the G1- and G2/M-phase enriched samples than in the S-phase enriched samples of HL60 cells, while levels of nuclear p62c-fos and p39c-jun were constant.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrated") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "uncoupling") (:form . 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"JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF)-kappaB") (:form . "NF)-kappaB") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s920.7) (:did . :|8642282|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008617@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In B7.1-positive B cells, this element bound several members of the NF-kappaB family, transcription factors already implicated in signal transduction pathways relevant to B7.1 expression.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "b7.1-positive") (:form . "B7.1-positive")\n (:end . 16) (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"expression") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s920.8) (:did . :|8642282|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008618@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is the first description, to our knowledge, of regulatory elements that control expression of a gene encoding a B7 costimulatory molecule.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "description") (:form . "description") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s923.6) (:did . :|8649779|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008646@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These findings suggest that the processing of p105 is subject to negative regulation by the various NF-kappaB subunits.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "findings") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "processing") (:form . "processing") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:ncues ((:id . :x923.9.1) (:span 46 49)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x923.9.1) (:span 46 84)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s923.9) (:did . :|8649779|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008650@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Identification of a human LIM-Hox gene, hLH-2, aberrantly expressed in chronic myelogenous leukaemia and located on 9q33-34.1.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identification") (:form . "Identification")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "LIM-Hox") (:form . "LIM-Hox") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . 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"cells") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:hcues ((:id . :x926.6.1) (:span 12 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x926.6.1) (:span 12 146)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s926.6) (:did . :|8654951|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008675@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A novel interferon regulatory factor family transcription factor, ICSAT/Pip/LSIRF, that negatively regulates the activity of interferon-regulated genes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 7) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interferon") (:form . "interferon") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . 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(:end . 229) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s927.2) (:did . :|8657101|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008677@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ICSAT is structurally most closely related to the previously cloned ICSBP, a member of the IFN regulatory factor (IRF) family of proteins that binds to interferon consensus sequences (ICSs) found in many promoters of the IFN-regulated genes.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "icsat") (:form . "ICSAT") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "structurally") (:form . "structurally") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "closely") (:form . "closely") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "related") (:form . 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"binds") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interferon") (:form . "interferon") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ICS") (:form . "ICSs") (:end . 188) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 198) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 203) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoters") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 216) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 220) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ifn-regulated") (:form . "IFN-regulated")\n (:end . 234) (:start . 221) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 235) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 241) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s927.3) (:did . :|8657101|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008678@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Among T-cell lines investigated, ICSAT was abundantly expressed in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected T cells.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "among") (:form . 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"human") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t-cell") (:form . "T-cell") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "leukemia") (:form . "leukemia") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "virus") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "type") (:form . "type") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "HTLV-1)-infected") (:form . "HTLV-1)-infected")\n (:end . 119) (:start . 103) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s927.4) (:did . :|8657101|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008680@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When the binding of ICSAT to four different ICSs was tested, the relative differences in binding affinities for those ICSs were determined.@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ICSAT") (:form . "ICSAT") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ics") (:form . "ICSs") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 59) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "difference") (:form . "differences") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "affinity") (:form . "affinities") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ics") (:form . "ICSs") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determined") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s927.6) (:did . :|8657101|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008681@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To study the functional role of ICSAT, we performed cotransfection experiments with the human embryonal carcinoma cell line N-Tera2.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "functional") (:form . "functional") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ICSAT") (:form . "ICSAT") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performed") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cotransfection") (:form . "cotransfection")\n (:end . 66) (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "embryonal") (:form . "embryonal") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "carcinoma") (:form . "carcinoma") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "line") (:form . "line") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "n-tera2") (:form . "N-Tera2") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s927.7) (:did . :|8657101|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008682@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ICSAT was demonstrated to possess repressive function over the gene activation induced by IFN stimulation or by IRF-1 cotransfection.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "icsat") (:form . "ICSAT") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrated") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "possess") (:form . "possess") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "repressive") (:form . "repressive") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "irf-1") (:form . "IRF-1") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cotransfection") (:form . "cotransfection")\n (:end . 132) (:start . 118) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s927.8) (:did . :|8657101|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008683@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Such repressive function is similar to that seen in IRF-2 or ICSBP.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "Such") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "repressive") (:form . "repressive") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . 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(:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s927.9) (:did . :|8657101|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008684@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, we have found that ICSAT has a different repressive effect from that of IRF-2 or ICSBP in some IFN-responsive reporter constructs.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ICSAT") (:form . 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(:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s927.10) (:did . :|8657101|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008685@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These results suggest that a novel mechanism of gene regulation by "differential repression" is used by multiple members of repressor proteins with different repressive effects on the IFN-responsive genes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . 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",") (:form . ",") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "unlike") (:form . "unlike") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "member") (:form . "members") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interferon") (:form . "interferon") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "effective") (:form . "effective") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "recruit") (:form . "recruiting") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathways") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "il-6-type") (:form . "IL-6-type") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cytokine") (:form . "cytokine") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptors") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s929.13) (:did . :|8662928|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008711@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Globin gene switching.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Globin") (:form . "Globin") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "switching") (:form . "switching") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s930.1) (:did . :|8662960|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008712@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In vivo protein-DNA interactions of the human beta-globin locus in erythroid cells expressing the fetal or the adult globin gene program.@(((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vivo") (:form . "vivo") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-dna") (:form . "protein-DNA") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beta-globin") (:form . "beta-globin") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "locus") (:form . "locus") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "erythroid") (:form . "erythroid") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressing") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "fetal") (:form . "fetal") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adult") (:form . "adult") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "globin") (:form . "globin") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s930.2) (:did . :|8662960|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008713@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To characterize the protein-DNA interactions important for the developmental control of the human beta-globin locus, we analyzed by in vivo dimethyl sulfate footprinting erythroid cells expressing either the fetal or the adult globin developmental program.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterize") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-dna") (:form . "protein-DNA") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "developmental") (:form . "developmental")\n (:end . 76) (:start . 63) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "control") (:form . "control") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beta-globin") (:form . "beta-globin") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "locus") (:form . "locus") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzed") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vivo") (:form . "vivo") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dimethyl") (:form . "dimethyl") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sulfate") (:form . "sulfate") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "footprinting") (:form . "footprinting") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "erythroid") (:form . "erythroid") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressing") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "fetal") (:form . "fetal") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 216) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 220) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adult") (:form . "adult") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 221) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "globin") (:form . "globin") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "developmental") (:form . "developmental")\n (:end . 247) (:start . 234) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 255)\n (:start . 248) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 256) (:start . 255)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s930.3) (:did . :|8662960|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008714@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the locus control region (LCR) of the beta-globin locus, in vivo footprints on NF-E2 (or AP-1) and GATA-1 motifs remained the same regardless of whether the fetal or the adult globin genes are expressed.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "locus") (:form . "locus") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "control") (:form . "control") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "LCR") (:form . "LCR") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beta-globin") (:form . "beta-globin") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "locus") (:form . "locus") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vivo") (:form . "vivo") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "footprint") (:form . "footprints") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nf-e2") (:form . "NF-E2") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ap-1") (:form . "AP-1") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gata-1") (:form . "GATA-1") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remained") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 128) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "regardless") (:form . "regardless") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 159) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "fetal") (:form . "fetal") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 168) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 172) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adult") (:form . "adult") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "globin") (:form . "globin") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 195) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressed") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:hcues ((:id . :x930.4.1) (:span 166 168))\n ((:id . :x930.4.2) (:span 148 155)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x930.4.1) (:span 156 191))\n ((:id . :x930.4.2) (:span 148 205)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s930.4) (:did . :|8662960|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008715@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, in vivo footprints on GT (CACCC) motifs differed between the cells expressing the fetal or the adult globin program.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vivo") (:form . "vivo") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "footprint") (:form . "footprints") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GT") (:form . "GT") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CACCC") (:form . "CACCC") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "differ") (:form . "differed") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 79) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressing") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "fetal") (:form . "fetal") (:end . 100) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adult") (:form . "adult") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "globin") (:form . "globin") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s930.5) (:did . :|8662960|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008716@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In promoter regions, the actively transcribed genes demonstrated extensive and consistent footprints over the canonical elements, such as CACCC and CCAAT motifs.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "actively") (:form . "actively") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "transcribe") (:form . 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(:end . 427) (:start . 426)\n (:id . 111)))@@@1@70@((:hcues ((:id . :x930.8.1) (:span 311 318))\n ((:id . :x930.8.2) (:span 225 228)) ((:id . :x930.8.3) (:span 12 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x930.8.1) (:span 311 426))\n ((:id . :x930.8.2) (:span 225 426)) ((:id . :x930.8.3) (:span 12 426)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s930.8) (:did . :|8662960|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008720@unknown@formal@none@1@S@PU.1 (spi-1), a member of the Ets transcription factor family, is predominantly expressed in myeloid and B cells, activates many B cell and myeloid genes, and is critical for development of both of these lineages.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PU.1") (:form . "PU.1") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "spi-1") (:form . "spi-1") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . 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(:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s933.5) (:did . :|8663174|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008742@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A proximal region between -46 and -80 was identified as the minimum sequence for the basal and inducible expression of the IL-9 gene in C5MJ2 cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "proximal") (:form . "proximal") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "-46") (:form . "-46") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "-80") (:form . 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(:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x933.8.1) (:span 65 76)) ((:id . :x933.8.2) (:span 28 42)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x933.8.1) (:span 65 107))\n ((:id . :x933.8.2) (:span 28 143)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s933.8) (:did . :|8663174|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008745@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mutations at different sites within this proximal promoter region abolished the promoter activity as well as the DNA binding.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "Mutations") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "within") (:form . 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"cells") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x933.10.1) (:span 30 37)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x933.10.1) (:span 30 142)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s933.10) (:did . :|8663174|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008747@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mapping of the transcriptional repression domain of the lymphoid-specific transcription factor oct-2A.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mapping") (:form . "Mapping") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repression") (:form . "repression") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lymphoid-specific") (:form . "lymphoid-specific")\n (:end . 73) (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 87) (:start . 74) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "oct-2A") (:form . "oct-2A") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s934.1) (:did . :|8663230|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008748@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The lymphoid-specific transcription factor Oct-2a is implicated in B cell-specific transcriptional activity via the octamer motif.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lymphoid-specific") (:form . "lymphoid-specific")\n (:end . 21) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 35) (:start . 22) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Oct-2a") (:form . "Oct-2a") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "implicate") (:form . "implicated") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cell-specific") (:form . "cell-specific")\n (:end . 82) (:start . 69) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 98) (:start . 83) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "via") (:form . "via") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "octamer") (:form . "octamer") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s934.2) (:did . :|8663230|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008750@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The transcriptional activity of both domains is strongly potentiated by interactions with distinct B cell-specific coactivators.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 19) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strongly") (:form . "strongly") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "potentiate") (:form . "potentiated") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cell-specific") (:form . "cell-specific")\n (:end . 114) (:start . 101) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "coactivator") (:form . "coactivators") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s934.4) (:did . :|8663230|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008751@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Recently, we have identified a repression domain located within the N terminus of Oct-2a (amino acids 2-99).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "Recently") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repression") (:form . "repression") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "located") (:form . "located") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "within") (:form . "within") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "terminus") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Oct-2a") (:form . "Oct-2a") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2-99") (:form . "2-99") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s934.5) (:did . :|8663230|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008752@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When this domain was transferred to a potent activator, transcription was strongly inhibited.@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "transfer") (:form . "transferred") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "potent") (:form . "potent") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activator") (:form . "activator") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 69) (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strongly") (:form . "strongly") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "inhibit") (:form . "inhibited") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s934.6) (:did . :|8663230|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008753@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study we present a deletion analysis of the N-terminal region of Oct-2a to determine the minimal repression domain.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . "deletion") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Oct-2a") (:form . "Oct-2a") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determine") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "minimal") (:form . "minimal") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repression") (:form . "repression") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s934.7) (:did . :|8663230|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008754@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We identified a stretch of 23 amino acids, rich in serine and threonine residues, which was responsible for most of the repression activity.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stretch") (:form . "stretch") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "23") (:form . "23") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rich") (:form . "rich") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "serine") (:form . "serine") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threonine") (:form . "threonine") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "responsible") (:form . "responsible") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repression") (:form . "repression") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s934.8) (:did . :|8663230|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008755@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We show that repression is strongly dependent on the type of enhancer present in the reporter plasmid as well as on the cell line tested.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repression") (:form . "repression") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strongly") (:form . "strongly") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dependent") (:form . "dependent") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "type") (:form . "type") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reporter") (:form . "reporter") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "plasmid") (:form . "plasmid") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "line") (:form . "line") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s934.9) (:did . :|8663230|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008756@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The possibility that Oct-2a can act as an activator and/or a repressor may have important consequences for the function of Oct-2a in B cell differentiation and other developmental processes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibility") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Oct-2a") (:form . "Oct-2a") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "act") (:form . "act") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activator") (:form . "activator") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and/or") (:form . "and/or") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repressor") (:form . "repressor") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "consequence") (:form . "consequences") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . 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(:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s936.5) (:did . :|8666795|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008766@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It was found that treatment with IFN-gamma induces changes in the occupancy of the DRA gene regulatory sequences by nuclear factors.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "treatment") (:form . "treatment") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IFN-gamma") (:form . 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(:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s949.7) (:did . :|8797708|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008877@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Upon cellular activation, I kappa B alpha is phosphorylated, polyubiquitinated, and degraded in the proteasome.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "upon") (:form . "Upon") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cellular") (:form . "cellular") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "i") (:form . "I") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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"proteasome") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s949.8) (:did . :|8797708|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008878@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This proteolytic event liberates NF-kappa B, permitting its rapid translocation into the nucleus where it binds to its cognate enhancer elements.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "proteolytic") (:form . "proteolytic") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "event") (:form . "event") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "liberate") (:form . "liberates") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . 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(:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s949.9) (:did . :|8797708|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008880@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The mechanisms by which Tax activates NF-kappa B remain unclear, and findings presented in the literature are often controversial.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanisms") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Tax") (:form . "Tax") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "activate") (:form . "activates") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . 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(:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s959.5) (:did . :|9009221|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008981@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, we show that exogenous PGE2 mimics the NF-kappaB inhibitory effect of FCM.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "exogenous") (:form . "exogenous") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pge2") (:form . "PGE2") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . 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(:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s959.6) (:did . :|9009221|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008982@unknown@formal@none@1@S@On the other hand, FCM produced in the presence of indomethacin does not inhibit NF-kappaB activation by LPS.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "On") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hand") (:form . "hand") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FCM") (:form . "FCM") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "produce") (:form . "produced") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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(:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x959.8.1) (:span 115 118))\n ((:id . :x959.8.2) (:span 40 50)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x959.8.1) (:span 115 226))\n ((:id . :x959.8.2) (:span 40 226)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s959.8) (:did . :|9009221|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008984@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Glycation-dependent, reactive oxygen species-mediated suppression of the insulin gene promoter activity in HIT cells.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "glycation-dependent")\n (:form . "Glycation-dependent") (:end . 19) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "reactive") (:form . "reactive") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "oxygen") (:form . "oxygen") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "species-mediated") (:form . 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(:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s961.2) (:did . :|9013959|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008994@unknown@formal@none@1@S@IL-4 is secreted by activated Th2 but not Th1 cells and plays a major role in the immune response by modulating the differentiation of naive Th cells toward the Th2 phenotype.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-4") (:form . "IL-4") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "secrete") (:form . "secreted") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "activate") (:form . "activated") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "th2") (:form . "Th2") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . 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(:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s961.4) (:did . :|9013959|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008996@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To investigate the mechanisms responsible for tissue-specific expression of the IL-4 gene, we analyzed nuclear factors binding to the PRE-I site and compared the binding activities of these factors to the IL-4 promoter of Th1 and Th2 cells.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigate") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanisms") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "responsible") (:form . "responsible") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . 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"Th1") (:end . 225) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 229) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "th2") (:form . "Th2") (:end . 233) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 239)\n (:start . 234) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 240) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:identifiers (:sid . :s961.5) (:did . :|9013959|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5008997@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We show that PRE-I interacts with PMA- and PMA/ionomycin-inducible, cyclosporin A-sensitive nuclear factors.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 263) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:identifiers (:sid . :s961.7) (:did . :|9013959|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009000@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the mouse Th2 D10 cells and in the human Th2 clones, POS-1 (designated POS-1b) contains NF-IL6beta, Jun, and NF-ATc/p.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mouse") (:form . "mouse") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "th2") (:form . "Th2") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d10") (:form . "D10") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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"regulatory") (:end . 249)\n (:start . 239) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 258)\n (:start . 250) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 267)\n (:start . 259) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 272) (:start . 268)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-jun/ap-1") (:form . "c-jun/AP-1") (:end . 283)\n (:start . 273) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 284) (:start . 283)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s963.8) (:did . :|9015187|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009020@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interaction of transcription factors RFX1 and MIBP1 with the gamma motif of the negative regulatory element of the hepatitis B virus core promoter.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "Interaction") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rfx1") (:form . "RFX1") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mibp1") (:form . "MIBP1") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gamma") (:form . "gamma") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"core") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s964.1) (:did . :|9018153|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009021@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The negative regulatory element (NRE) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) core promoter contains three subregions which act synergistically to suppress core promoter activity.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NRE") (:form . "NRE") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "hepatitis") (:form . "hepatitis") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "virus") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HBV") (:form . "HBV") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . 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"core") (:end . 151) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s964.2) (:did . :|9018153|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009022@unknown@formal@none@1@S@One of these subregions, NRE gamma, is active in both HeLa cervical carcinoma cells and Huh7 hepatoma cells and was found to be bound by a protein factor present in both cell types.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "One") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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(:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s964.3) (:did . :|9018153|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009023@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we show that the transcription factor RFX1 can bind to NRE gamma and transactivate the core promoter through this site.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 35) (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . 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"promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s964.4) (:did . :|9018153|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009024@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mutations which abrogated the gene-suppressive activity of NRE gamma prevented RFX1 from binding to NRE gamma.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "Mutations") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "abrogate") (:form . "abrogated") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "gene-suppressive") (:form . "gene-suppressive")\n (:end . 46) (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NRE") (:form . "NRE") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gamma") (:form . "gamma") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "prevent") (:form . "prevented") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rfx1") (:form . "RFX1") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nre") (:form . "NRE") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gamma") (:form . "gamma") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s964.5) (:did . :|9018153|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009025@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition, RFX1 can bind simultaneously, most likely as a heterodimer, with the transcription factor MIBP1 to NRE gamma.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RFX1") (:form . "RFX1") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "simultaneously") (:form . "simultaneously")\n (:end . 41) (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heterodimer") (:form . "heterodimer") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 95) (:start . 82) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mibp1") (:form . "MIBP1") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nre") (:form . "NRE") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gamma") (:form . "gamma") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x964.6.1) (:span 48 54)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x964.6.1) (:span 48 71)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s964.6) (:did . :|9018153|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009026@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the absence of a cloned MIBP1 gene for further studies, we hypothesize that RFX1 acts with MIBP1 to negatively regulate the core promoter activity through the NRE gamma site.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "absence") (:form . "absence") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "clone") (:form . 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(:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x964.7.1) (:span 62 73)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x964.7.2) (:span 7 14)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x964.7.1) (:span 62 176)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x964.7.2) (:span 7 57)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s964.7) (:did . :|9018153|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009027@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ability of RFX1 to transactivate the core promoter raises the possibility that RFX1 may play a dual role in regulating HBV gene expression.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ability") (:form . "ability") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rfx1") (:form . "RFX1") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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(:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x964.8.1) (:span 88 91)) ((:id . :x964.8.2) (:span 55 77)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x964.8.1) (:span 88 142))\n ((:id . :x964.8.2) (:span 55 142)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s964.8) (:did . :|9018153|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009028@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Differentiation-dependent expression of a human carboxylesterase in monocytic cells and transcription factor binding to the promoter.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "differentiation-dependent")\n (:form . "Differentiation-dependent") (:end . 25) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . 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"(") (:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-IL6") (:form . "NF-IL6") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s967.3) (:did . :|9032264|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009047@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, the NF-IL6 gene is expressed in a variety of nonmyeloid cell types and is strongly inducible in response to inflammatory stimuli, making it an unlikely candidate to have an exclusive role as a combinatorial differentiation switch during myelopoiesis in human cells.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 267) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 278)\n (:start . 268) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 281) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 285) (:start . 282)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 291)\n (:start . 286) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homolog") (:end . 299)\n (:start . 292) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 302) (:start . 300)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CRP1") (:form . "CRP1") (:end . 307) (:start . 303)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 308) (:start . 307)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C/EBP-epsilon") (:form . "C/EBP-epsilon")\n (:end . 322) (:start . 309) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 323) (:start . 322)\n (:id . 95)))@@@1@54@((:identifiers (:sid . :s967.5) (:did . :|9032264|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009050@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Molecular analysis of the cDNA and genomic clones indicated the presence of two exons encoding a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 32 kDa and a pI of 9.5.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "Molecular") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cdna") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genomic") (:form . 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"pI") (:end . 155) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 158) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "9.5") (:form . "9.5") (:end . 162) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x967.7.1) (:span 113 121)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x967.7.1) (:span 113 146)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s967.7) (:did . :|9032264|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009051@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Primer extension analysis of C/EBP-epsilon mRNA detected a single major transcription start site approximately 200 bp upstream of the start codon.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Primer") (:form . "Primer") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "extension") (:form . "extension") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . 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(:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:ncues ((:id . :x969.6.1) (:span 114 117)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x969.6.1) (:span 114 167)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s969.6) (:did . :|9032271|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009075@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We demonstrate that upon stimulation by lipopolysaccharide, Taxol, phorbol myristate acetate, interleukin-1, or double-stranded RNA, I kappaB alpha is not degraded, as a result of an absence of induced phosphorylation on serines 32 and 36.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "upon") (:form . "upon") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stimulation") (:form . 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(:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x969.12.2) (:span 133 143)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x969.12.1) (:span 173 176)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x969.12.2) (:span 133 210)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x969.12.1) (:span 173 210)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s969.12) (:did . :|9032271|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009081@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Finally, we show that two other I kappaB molecules, I kappaB beta and the recently identified I kappaB epsilon, are not degraded in the 1.3E2 cell line following stimulation.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "finally") (:form . "Finally") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x976.6.1) (:span 145 148)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x976.6.1) (:span 107 157)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s976.6) (:did . :|9047238|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009135@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These observations implicated c-Rel as an IL-2 promoter factor, for which experimental support was obtained from transient transfection experiments.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observations") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "implicate") (:form . "implicated") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-rel") (:form . "c-Rel") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . 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(:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s977.1) (:did . :|9047239|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009140@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we identified an inducible T cell-specific enhancer 14 kb upstream of the IL-3 gene that responded to activation of T cell receptor signaling pathways.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inducible") (:form . "inducible") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cell-specific") (:form . 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"TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathways") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s977.3) (:did . :|9047239|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009141@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The IL-3 enhancer spanned an inducible cyclosporin A-sensitive DNase I-hypersensitive site found only in T cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-3") (:form . "IL-3") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "span") (:form . "spanned") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inducible") (:form . "inducible") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cyclosporin") (:form . "cyclosporin") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "a-sensitive") (:form . "A-sensitive") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNase") (:form . "DNase") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "i-hypersensitive") (:form . "I-hypersensitive")\n (:end . 85) (:start . 69) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 96) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s977.4) (:did . :|9047239|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009142@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Four NFAT-like elements exist within the enhancer.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "Four") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nfat-like") (:form . "NFAT-like") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "exist") (:form . "exist") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "within") (:form . "within") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s977.5) (:did . :|9047239|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009143@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The two most active NFAT-like elements were located at the center of the DNase I-hypersensitive site.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . "active") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nfat-like") (:form . "NFAT-like") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "located") (:form . "located") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "center") (:form . "center") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNase") (:form . "DNase") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "i-hypersensitive") (:form . "I-hypersensitive")\n (:end . 95) (:start . 79) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s977.6) (:did . :|9047239|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009144@unknown@formal@none@1@S@One of these NFAT-like elements encompassed overlapping Oct- and NFATp/c-binding sites, which functioned in a highly synergistic manner.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "One") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nfat-like") (:form . "NFAT-like") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "encompass") (:form . "encompassed") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlapping") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "oct-") (:form . "Oct-") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nfatp/c-binding") (:form . "NFATp/c-binding")\n (:end . 80) (:start . 65) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functioned") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "synergistic") (:form . "synergistic") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "manner") (:form . "manner") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s977.7) (:did . :|9047239|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009145@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We suggest that the T cell-specific expression of the IL-3 gene is partly controlled through the enhancer by cooperation between Oct and NFAT family proteins.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cell-specific") (:form . "cell-specific")\n (:end . 35) (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-3") (:form . "IL-3") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "partly") (:form . "partly") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "control") (:form . "controlled") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cooperation") (:form . "cooperation") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Oct") (:form . "Oct") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NFAT") (:form . "NFAT") (:end . 141) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x977.8.1) (:span 3 10)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x977.8.1) (:span 3 157)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s977.8) (:did . :|9047239|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009146@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A negative regulatory region containing a glucocorticosteroid response element (nGRE) in the human interleukin-1beta gene.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "containing") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "glucocorticosteroid")\n (:form . "glucocorticosteroid") (:end . 61) (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "response") (:form . "response") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ngre") (:form . "nGRE") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interleukin-1beta") (:form . "interleukin-1beta")\n (:end . 116) (:start . 99) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s978.1) (:did . :|9052735|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009147@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) is one of the most important inflammatory mediators in human inflammatory and immunological diseases.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interleukin-1") (:form . "Interleukin-1")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beta") (:form . "beta") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IL-1beta") (:form . "IL-1beta") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inflammatory") (:form . "inflammatory") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mediator") (:form . "mediators") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inflammatory") (:form . "inflammatory") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "immunological") (:form . "immunological")\n (:end . 121) (:start . 108) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "disease") (:form . "diseases") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s978.2) (:did . :|9052735|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009148@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The regulation of human IL-1beta gene expression has been studied for several years, and a few regulatory elements have been discovered in the promoter region.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IL-1beta") (:form . "IL-1beta") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studied") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "year") (:form . "years") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "few") (:form . "few") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 119) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s978.7) (:did . :|9052735|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009153@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Functional studies showed a 2.5-fold increase in promoter activity when this 19-bp binding site was deleted in the reporter constructs IL-1beta/CAT and IL-1beta/SV40 promoter/CAT.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "functional") (:form . "Functional") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showed") (:end . 25) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "2.5-fold") (:form . "2.5-fold") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increase") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s978.8) (:did . :|9052735|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009154@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Dexamethasone (10(-8) M) repressed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) production by 75% in the wild-type fragment but not in a deletion mutant lacking the 19-bp site.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dexamethasone") (:form . "Dexamethasone")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "10(-8)") (:form . "10(-8)") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "M") (:form . "M") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "repress") (:form . "repressed") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"the") (:end . 159) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "19-bp") (:form . "19-bp") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:ncues ((:id . :x978.9.1) (:span 148 155))\n ((:id . :x978.9.2) (:span 123 126)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x978.9.1) (:span 148 170))\n ((:id . :x978.9.2) (:span 123 170)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s978.9) (:did . :|9052735|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009155@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A protein of about 150 kD that bound to this negative regulatory sequence was identified by UV cross-linking.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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(:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s978.11) (:did . :|9052735|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009157@unknown@formal@none@1@S@TRAMP, a novel apoptosis-mediating receptor with sequence homology to tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and Fas(Apo-1/CD95).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tramp") (:form . "TRAMP") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apoptosis-mediating")\n (:form . "apoptosis-mediating") (:end . 34) (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . 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(:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x982.3.1) (:span 59 66)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x982.3.1) (:span 55 158)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s982.3) (:did . :|9058790|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009187@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have reported previously that a nuclear NF-kappa B activity was present in freshly extracted human thymocytes in the absence of in vitro treatment of these cells.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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(:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x995.8.1) (:span 94 102)) ((:id . :x995.8.2) (:span 46 55)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x995.8.1) (:span 94 150))\n ((:id . :x995.8.2) (:span 46 150)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s995.8) (:did . :|9108409|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009305@unknown@formal@none@1@S@NF-AT and NF-kappaB were not significantly induced by IL-2 stimulation.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-AT") (:form . "NF-AT") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappaB") (:form . "NF-kappaB") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . 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(:end . 248) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:identifiers (:sid . :s995.10) (:did . :|9108409|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009307@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Involvement of an SAF-like transcription factor in the activation of serum amyloid A gene in monocyte/macrophage cells by lipopolysaccharide.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "involvement") (:form . "Involvement") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "saf-like") (:form . "SAF-like") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 40) (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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(:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:ncues ((:id . :x1004.1.1) (:span 9 12)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1004.1.1) (:span 9 68)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1004.1) (:did . :|9119999|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009377@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this report, we demonstrate that the T cell tropic strain of HIV, LAI, does not replicate in naive CD4 T cells stimulated by cross-linking CD3 and CD28.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . 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(:end . 384) (:start . 383)\n (:id . 108)))@@@1@67@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1005.3) (:did . :|9120310|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009387@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To investigate the molecular mechanisms of RANTES expression, the RANTES promoter region was analyzed by transient expression and gel-mobility shift assays.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigate") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "molecular") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanisms") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . 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(:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1005.4) (:did . :|9120310|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009388@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We demonstrate that: 1) RANTES promoter activity is up-regulated by PMA plus ionomycin, coexpression of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, and the CD28 costimulatory pathway; 2) the RANTES promoter region contains four NF-kappa B binding sites at positions -30, -44, -213, and -579 relative to the transcription start site; 3) one site (-213) is an NF-AT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) binding site that also has weak affinity to NF-kappa B, and the most distal site (-579) also serves as a CD28-responsive element; and 4) mutation on any of those NF-kappa B sites or coexpression of I kappa B alpha (cytoplasmic inhibitor of NF-kappa B) markedly reduced the promoter activity.@(((:tag . 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"performed") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nfatx1") (:form . "NFATx1") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examining") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effects") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . "deletion") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1006.4) (:did . :|9121455|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009394@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We found that NFATx1 DNA binding activity and interaction with AP-1 polypeptides were dependent on its central Rel similarity region and that transcriptional activation was reduced by deletions of either its N-terminal domain or its C-terminal domain, suggesting the presence of intrinsic transcriptional activation motifs in both regions.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nfatx1") (:form . "NFATx1") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ap-1") (:form . "AP-1") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "polypeptide") (:form . "polypeptides") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dependent") (:form . "dependent") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "central") (:form . "central") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Rel") (:form . "Rel") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 141) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 157) (:start . 142) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 172) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "reduce") (:form . "reduced") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 183) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . "deletions") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 196) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 228) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 232) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 243)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 250)\n (:start . 244) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 251) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggesting") (:end . 262)\n (:start . 252) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 266) (:start . 263)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 275)\n (:start . 267) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 278) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intrinsic") (:form . "intrinsic") (:end . 288)\n (:start . 279) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 304) (:start . 289) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 315)\n (:start . 305) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 322)\n (:start . 316) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 325) (:start . 323)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 330) (:start . 326)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 338)\n (:start . 331) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 339) (:start . 338)\n (:id . 91)))@@@1@50@((:hcues ((:id . :x1006.5.1) (:span 252 262)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1006.5.1) (:span 252 338)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1006.5) (:did . :|9121455|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009395@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also identified a potent inhibitory sequence within its N-terminal domain.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "potent") (:form . "potent") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inhibitory") (:form . "inhibitory") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "within") (:form . "within") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1006.6) (:did . :|9121455|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009396@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We show that the inactivation of the inhibition was dependent on the activity of calcineurin, a calcium-calmodulin-dependent phosphatase.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inactivation") (:form . "inactivation") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inhibition") (:form . "inhibition") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dependent") (:form . "dependent") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "calcineurin") (:form . "calcineurin") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "calcium-calmodulin-dependent")\n (:form . "calcium-calmodulin-dependent") (:end . 124) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phosphatase") (:form . "phosphatase") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1006.7) (:did . :|9121455|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009397@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also show that calcineurin associated with the N-terminal domain of NFATx1 at multiple docking sites and caused a reduction of size, indicative of dephosphorylation, in NFATx1.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "calcineurin") (:form . "calcineurin") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associated") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nfatx1") (:form . "NFATx1") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "docking") (:form . "docking") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "cause") (:form . "caused") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reduction") (:form . "reduction") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "size") (:form . "size") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "indicative") (:form . "indicative") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dephosphorylation") (:form . "dephosphorylation")\n (:end . 167) (:start . 150) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 171) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NFATx1") (:form . "NFATx1") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1006.8) (:did . :|9121455|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009398@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have mapped the inhibitory activity to less than 60 residues, containing motifs that are conserved in all NFAT proteins.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "map") (:form . "mapped") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inhibitory") (:form . "inhibitory") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "less") (:form . "less") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "60") (:form . "60") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "containing") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nfat") (:form . "NFAT") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1006.9) (:did . :|9121455|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009400@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our results support the model proposing that the N-terminal domain confers calcium-signaling dependence on NFATx1 transactivation activity by regulating its intracellular localization through a protein module that associates with calcineurin and is a target of its phosphatase activity.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "support") (:form . "support") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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",") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 212) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inducible") (:form . "inducible") (:end . 222)\n (:start . 213) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 223) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1008.3) (:did . :|9129050|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009415@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We therefore investigated whether NF-kappaB/Rel proteins are expressed in human neutrophils, as well as their fate on cell activation.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . 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(:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x1008.4.1) (:span 26 33)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1008.4.1) (:span 26 91)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1008.4) (:did . :|9129050|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009416@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We now report that dimers consisting of p50 NFkappaB1, p65 RelA, and/or c-Rel are present in neutrophils and that the greater part of these protein complexes is physically associated with cytoplasmic IkappaB-alpha in resting cells.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "now") (:form . "now") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dimer") (:form . 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(:end . 399) (:start . 398)\n (:id . 103)))@@@1@62@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1008.6) (:did . :|9129050|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009418@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The onset of both processes was found to be closely paralleled by, and dependent on, IkappaB-alpha degradation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "onset") (:form . "onset") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "process") (:form . "processes") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1009.6) (:did . :|9130477|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009427@unknown@formal@none@1@S@BSAP is unique among the transcription factors that regulate epsilon germline expression, because it is B cell specific, and is at the merging point of two signalling pathways that are critical for IgE switching.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BSAP") (:form . "BSAP") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unique") (:form . "unique") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "among") (:form . "among") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . 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(:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1009.7) (:did . :|9130477|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009428@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Retinoic acid-induced modulation of IL-2 mRNA production and IL-2 receptor expression on T cells.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "retinoic") (:form . "Retinoic") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "acid-induced") (:form . "acid-induced") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "modulation") (:form . "modulation") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2") (:form . "IL-2") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mrna") (:form . "mRNA") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "production") (:form . 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(:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1010.1) (:did . :|9130512|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009430@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our laboratory has shown that RA can enhance in vitro polyclonal B cell immunoglobulin (Ig) response.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "laboratory") (:form . "laboratory") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RA") (:form . "RA") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . 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",") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "24") (:form . "24") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "h") (:form . "h") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1010.6) (:did . :|9130512|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009434@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Total mRNA was extracted from T cells, and using RT-PCR, changes in the production of IL-2 and RA receptors (RAR)-alpha,beta,gamma mRNA were determined.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "Total") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "mRNA") (:form . "mRNA") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x1014.13.1) (:span 12 25)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1014.13.1) (:span 12 190)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1014.13) (:did . :|9136080|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009480@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens is constitutive in professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) but can also be induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the majority of the non professional APCs (e.g. fibroblasts).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "major") (:form . "major") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 259) (:start . 258)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1015.2) (:did . :|9136989|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009481@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have recently characterised a new factor called IK which is an efficient inhibitor of IFN-gamma induction of MHC class II antigens expression.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "characterise") (:form . "characterised")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . 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(:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1015.3) (:did . :|9136989|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009482@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here, we demonstrate a novel role for IK in MHC class II expression since over-expression of this protein by stable transfection into human B cells led to a total disappearance of constitutive MHC class II mRNA expression.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . 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(:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x1017.5.2) (:span 72 87)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1017.5.1) (:span 130 133)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1017.5.2) (:span 72 172)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1017.5.1) (:span 130 141)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1017.5) (:did . :|9144338|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009496@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The concentration of the VDR mRNA was 10(-8) to 10(-7) g/g of total RNA in cell-sorted monocytes and in in vitro activated lymphocytes, but only 10(-12) g/g of total mRNA in resting lymphocytes, establishing that the VDR mRNA determined by our method in PBMCs is due to constitutive expression in monocytes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "concentration") (:form . "concentration")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"for") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulating") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd95") (:form . "CD95") (:end . 151) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ligand") (:form . "ligand") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 163) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1018.5) (:did . :|9144472|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009505@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To approach this, we generated a luciferase reporter construct containing elements of the CD95 ligand promoter.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approach") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "luciferase") (:form . "luciferase") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reporter") (:form . "reporter") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "construct") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "contain") (:form . 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(:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1018.6) (:did . :|9144472|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009506@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using a previously described mutant of the Jurkat T cell line, we show that proximal signaling events dependent on the presence of the CD45 tyrosine phosphatase are required for TCR-stimulated CD95 ligand expression.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 7) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1018.7) (:did . :|9144472|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009507@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transient transfection studies demonstrate further that TCR-stimulated activation of the Ras signaling pathway is required for optimal activation of CD95 ligand.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transient") (:form . "Transient") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transfection") (:form . "transfection") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1018.8) (:did . :|9144472|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009508@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Next, in an effort to determine critical transcription factors that regulate CD95 ligand expression, we demonstrate a cyclosporin A-sensitive nuclear factor-AT response element in the promoter region of this gene that is critical for optimal CD95 ligand reporter activity in stimulated T cells.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "next") (:form . "Next") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effort") (:form . "effort") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . 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",") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cyclosporin") (:form . "cyclosporin") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "a-sensitive") (:form . "A-sensitive") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor-at") (:form . "factor-AT") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "response") (:form . "response") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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"JJ") (:stem . "optimal") (:form . "optimal") (:end . 241)\n (:start . 234) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd95") (:form . "CD95") (:end . 246) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ligand") (:form . "ligand") (:end . 253)\n (:start . 247) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reporter") (:form . "reporter") (:end . 262)\n (:start . 254) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 271)\n (:start . 263) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 274) (:start . 272)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "stimulate") (:form . "stimulated") (:end . 285)\n (:start . 275) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 287) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 293)\n (:start . 288) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 294) (:start . 293)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1018.9) (:did . :|9144472|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009510@unknown@formal@none@1@S@CD40 is a functional activation antigen and B7-independent T cell costimulatory molecule on normal human lung fibroblasts.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CD40") (:form . "CD40") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 9) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "functional") (:form . "functional") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "antigen") (:form . "antigen") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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"fibroblasts") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1019.1) (:did . :|9144479|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009511@unknown@formal@none@1@S@CD40 is an important signaling and activation Ag found on certain bone marrow-derived cells.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CD40") (:form . "CD40") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x1023.10.1) (:span 14 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1023.10.1) (:span 14 166)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1023.10) (:did . :|9159166|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009558@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Characterization of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes transduced with HTLV-I Tax mutants with different trans-activating phenotypes.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "characterization") (:form . "Characterization")\n (:end . 16) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "peripheral") (:form . "peripheral") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blood") (:form . "blood") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "t-lymphocyte") (:form . "T-lymphocytes")\n (:end . 50) (:start . 37) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . 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(:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1024.1) (:did . :|9160887|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009560@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This Tax1-induced activation of cellular genes is considered to be a critical event in T-cell transformation by HTLV-I.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tax1-induced") (:form . "Tax1-induced") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cellular") (:form . "cellular") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"human") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mineralocorticoid") (:form . "mineralocorticoid")\n (:end . 89) (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "hMR") (:form . "hMR") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "develop") (:form . "developed") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . 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"(") (:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HBD") (:form . "HBD") (:end . 197) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1025.2) (:did . :|9164841|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009566@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For this purpose, mice were immunized with a fusion protein including the sequence Thr729-Lys984 of hMR.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "purpose") (:form . "purpose") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mouse") (:form . "mice") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "immunize") (:form . "immunized") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fusion") (:form . "fusion") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "thr729-lys984") (:form . "Thr729-Lys984")\n (:end . 96) (:start . 83) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "hMR") (:form . "hMR") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1025.3) (:did . :|9164841|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009567@unknown@formal@none@1@S@After ELISA screening, mAb 18C7 was selected for its specificity towards the HBD.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "After") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ELISA") (:form . "ELISA") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "screening") (:form . "screening") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1025.4) (:did . :|9164841|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009568@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This antibody recognized both the denatured and native MR forms, as well as the hetero-oligomeric MR form and the transformed MR state.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "antibody") (:form . "antibody") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "recognize") (:form . "recognized") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "denature") (:form . "denatured") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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"form") (:form . "form") (:end . 105) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "transform") (:form . "transformed") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mr") (:form . "MR") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "state") (:form . "state") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1025.5) (:did . :|9164841|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009570@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We then studied the effect of the antibody on aldosterone and progesterone binding to the hMR.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . 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"site") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1025.8) (:did . :|9164841|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009572@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When 18C7 was incubated with MR before aldosterone or progesterone, the antibody inhibited 75-80% of the binding.@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "18c7") (:form . "18C7") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "incubate") (:form . "incubated") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mr") (:form . "MR") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"of") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1025.9) (:did . :|9164841|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009573@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The effect of 18C7 on the binding was similar with both hormones.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "18c7") (:form . "18C7") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . 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(:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1025.10) (:did . :|9164841|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009574@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A sucrose gradient analysis indicated the simultaneous presence of two kinds of receptor complexes: the steroid-MR complex and the antibody-MR complex.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sucrose") (:form . "sucrose") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gradient") (:form . "gradient") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicated") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "simultaneous") (:form . 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"this") (:end . 197) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "group") (:form . "group") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:ncues ((:id . :x1028.3.1) (:span 112 119)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1028.3.1) (:span 112 140)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1028.3) (:did . :|9166418|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009598@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It was possible that one of the clone 13 CIITA alleles bore a mutation that allowed HLA-DQ, but not HLA-DR or -DP transcription.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:ncues ((:id . :x1028.6.1) (:span 130 133)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1028.6.1) (:span 130 208)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1028.6) (:did . :|9166418|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009601@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition, no CIITA protein is detectable in clone 13 nuclear extracts.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CIITA") (:form . "CIITA") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:ncues ((:id . :x1028.7.1) (:span 13 15)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1028.7.1) (:span 13 72)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1028.7) (:did . :|9166418|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009602@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, somatic cell fusion between clone 13 and RJ2.2.5 restored expression of the HLA-DQ haplotype encoded by the RJ2.2.5 DQB gene.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "somatic") (:form . "somatic") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fusion") (:form . 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(:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1028.8) (:did . :|9166418|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009603@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Taken together, these data demonstrate the existence of an HLA-DQ isotype-specific trans-acting factor, which functions independently of CIITA.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "Taken") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "together") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1030.2) (:did . :|9171108|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009620@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Analyses of the primary amino acid sequence of the activation domain predict the presence of three alpha-helices, each with a high proportion of acidic residues.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "Analyses") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "primary") (:form . "primary") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . 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"alpha-helices")\n (:end . 112) (:start . 99) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportion") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 144) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "acidic") (:form . "acidic") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1030.4) (:did . :|9171108|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009621@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using site-directed mutagenesis, we found that two of these predicted alpha-helices are required for full transcriptional activation by CIITA.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "site-directed") (:form . "site-directed")\n (:end . 19) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutagenesis") (:form . "mutagenesis") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alpha-helice") (:form . "alpha-helices")\n (:end . 83) (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "full") (:form . "full") (:end . 105) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 121) (:start . 106) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 135) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CIITA") (:form . "CIITA") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1030.5) (:did . :|9171108|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009622@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, a CIITA protein in which both functional alpha-helices have been deleted displays a dominant negative phenotype.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CIITA") (:form . "CIITA") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "functional") (:form . "functional") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alpha-helice") (:form . "alpha-helices")\n (:end . 64) (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "delete") (:form . "deleted") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "display") (:form . "displays") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dominant") (:form . "dominant") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . "phenotype") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1030.6) (:did . :|9171108|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009623@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This activation domain of CIITA interacts with the 32 kDa subunit of the general transcription complex TFIID, TAFII32.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CIITA") (:form . "CIITA") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacts") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "32") (:form . "32") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kda") (:form . "kDa") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subunit") (:form . "subunit") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "general") (:form . "general") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 94) (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TFIID") (:form . "TFIID") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAFII32") (:form . "TAFII32") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1030.7) (:did . :|9171108|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009624@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Decreased transcriptional activation by N-terminal deletions of CIITA is correlated directly with their reduced binding to TAFII32.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "decrease") (:form . "Decreased") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . "deletions") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CIITA") (:form . "CIITA") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "correlate") (:form . "correlated") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "directly") (:form . "directly") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "reduce") (:form . "reduced") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAFII32") (:form . "TAFII32") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1030.8) (:did . :|9171108|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009625@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We conclude that interactions between TAFII32 and CIITA are responsible for activation of class II genes.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "conclude") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAFII32") (:form . "TAFII32") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CIITA") (:form . "CIITA") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "responsible") (:form . "responsible") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1030.9) (:did . :|9171108|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009626@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Tap: a novel cellular protein that interacts with tip of herpesvirus saimiri and induces lymphocyte aggregation.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tap") (:form . "Tap") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 4) (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 6) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cellular") (:form . "cellular") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacts") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tip") (:form . "tip") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "herpesvirus") (:form . "herpesvirus") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "saimiri") (:form . "saimiri") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "induce") (:form . "induces") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lymphocyte") (:form . "lymphocyte") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aggregation") (:form . "aggregation") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1031.1) (:did . :|9175835|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009627@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Tip of herpesvirus saimiri associates with Lck and down-regulates Lck-mediated activation.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Tip") (:form . "Tip") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "herpesvirus") (:form . "herpesvirus") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "saimiri") (:form . "saimiri") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associates") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Lck") (:form . "Lck") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "down-regulate") (:form . "down-regulates")\n (:end . 65) (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lck-mediated") (:form . "Lck-mediated") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1031.2) (:did . :|9175835|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009628@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We identified a novel cellular Tip-associated protein (Tap) by a yeast two-hybrid screen.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cellular") (:form . "cellular") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tip-associated") (:form . "Tip-associated")\n (:end . 45) (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tap") (:form . "Tap") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:ncues ((:id . :x1032.7.1) (:span 79 85)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1032.7.1) (:span 79 148)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1032.7) (:did . :|9177216|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009641@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Certain interactions between TBP and general factors that are specifically required for acidic activation domains were also required for CIITA-mediated transactivation to reach its full potential.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "certain") (:form . "Certain") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TBP") (:form . "TBP") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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(:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1032.9) (:did . :|9177216|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009643@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Overall the mechanism of transactivation by the human B-cell-specific CIITA is very similar to that mediated by the herpes virus transactivator VP16 in the ways that have been tested.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "overall") (:form . "Overall") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanism") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transactivation") (:form . "transactivation")\n (:end . 40) (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:ncues ((:id . :x1033.4.1) (:span 117 120)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1033.4.1) (:span 117 138)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1033.4) (:did . :|9177217|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009648@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Expression plasmids encoding regions of RFX5 fused to the GAL4 DNA binding domain activated transcription from a reporter construct containing GAL4 sites in a cotransfection assay in the Raji human B cell line.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "plasmid") (:form . "plasmids") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoding") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1033.5) (:did . :|9177217|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009650@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, these plasmids were not active in RJ2.2.5, an in vitro mutagenized derivative of Raji in which both copies of CIITA are defective.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "plasmid") (:form . "plasmids") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . 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(:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x1033.7.1) (:span 33 36)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1033.7.1) (:span 33 142)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1033.7) (:did . :|9177217|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009651@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transcriptional activation by the RFX5 fusion protein could be restored in RJ2.2.5 by cotransfection with a CIITA expression plasmid.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "Transcriptional")\n (:end . 15) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RFX5") (:form . "RFX5") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fusion") (:form . 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(:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1041.3) (:did . :|9190901|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009720@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ETS1 is a transcription factor of the ETS family that is expressed in T cells.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ETS1") (:form . "ETS1") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 9) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 23) (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ETS") (:form . 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(:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1047.4) (:did . :|9199305|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009788@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both Sp1 and Sp3 bound to the 5' portion of this region, whereas a PMA-inducible factor (PIF) mainly bound to its 3' portion and bound to the Sp binding motifs as well.@(((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sp1") (:form . "Sp1") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sp3") (:form . "Sp3") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bound") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1047.5) (:did . :|9199305|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009790@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interestingly, PIF was constitutively activated in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-transformed MT-2 cells.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "interestingly") (:form . "Interestingly")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PIF") (:form . "PIF") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "constitutively") (:form . "constitutively")\n (:end . 37) (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "activate") (:form . "activated") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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(:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1047.7) (:did . :|9199305|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009791@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this paper, we demonstrate that PIF is Egr-1 based on its recognition by anti-Egr-1 antisera in gel mobility shift assays, even though the IL-2Rbeta DNA binding motif differed substantially from the canonical Egr-1 binding site.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "paper") (:form . "paper") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . 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(:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1047.10) (:did . :|9199305|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009794@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, Sp1 and Egr-1 could form a complex with kinetics that correlated with the production of Egr-1 in Jurkat cells upon PMA stimulation.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sp1") (:form . "Sp1") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Egr-1") (:form . "Egr-1") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "form") (:form . 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(:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x1053.4.1) (:span 116 124)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1053.4.1) (:span 116 164)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1053.4) (:did . :|9209438|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009845@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this report, we describe the cloning of human GATA-4 (hGATA-4) and show that hGATA-4 selectively interacts with the -70 GATA site within the IL-5 proximal promoter region.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "describe") (:form . 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(:end . 320) (:start . 319)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:hcues ((:id . :x1064.4.1) (:span 22 31)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1064.4.1) (:span 22 319)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1064.4) (:did . :|9233628|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009943@unknown@formal@none@1@S@While several lines of investigation have suggested that NF-kappaB/Rel family members make up the CD28 response complex transcription factor, other work has not supported this conclusion.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "While") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "investigation") (:form . "investigation")\n (:end . 36) (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggested") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappaB/Rel") (:form . "NF-kappaB/Rel")\n (:end . 70) (:start . 57) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "member") (:form . "members") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "make") (:form . "make") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RP") (:stem . "up") (:form . "up") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd28") (:form . "CD28") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "response") (:form . "response") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 133) (:start . 120) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "work") (:form . "work") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 156) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 160) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "support") (:form . "supported") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 175) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "conclusion") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x1064.5.2) (:span 42 51)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1064.5.1) (:span 157 160)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1064.5.2) (:span 42 140)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1064.5.1) (:span 157 186)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1064.5) (:did . :|9233628|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009944@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Recent studies suggest that the CD28 response element (CD28RE) does not function independently but works instead in conjunction with the adjacent promoter proximal AP-1-binding site and this hypothesis is confirmed here.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "recent") (:form . 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"do") (:form . "does") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "independently") (:form . "independently")\n (:end . 94) (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "work") (:form . "works") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "instead") (:form . "instead") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conjunction") (:form . "conjunction") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 132) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "proximal") (:form . "proximal") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ap-1-binding") (:form . "AP-1-binding") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 181) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 190) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hypothesis") (:form . "hypothesis") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 204) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "confirm") (:form . "confirmed") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 219) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 220) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x1064.6.2) (:span 15 22)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1064.6.1) (:span 68 71)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1064.6.2) (:span 15 181)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1064.6.1) (:span 68 94)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1064.6) (:did . :|9233628|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009945@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Also in the current study, binding activity to the CD28RE/AP-1 sequence of the IL-2 promoter is evaluated.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "Also") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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"the") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2") (:form . "IL-2") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "evaluate") (:form . "evaluated") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1064.7) (:did . :|9233628|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009946@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although four specific complexes can be detected binding to this sequence, only one of these complexes is specific for both the CD28RE and the adjacent AP-1 site.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . 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",") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd28re") (:form . "CD28RE") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 138) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ap-1") (:form . "AP-1") (:end . 156) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 161) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1064.8) (:did . :|9233628|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009947@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Of the NF-kappaB/Rel family members tested, this CD28RE/AP-1-specific complex contains predominantly c-Rel, despite the fact that both p50 and RelA can efficiently bind to the CD28RE.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "Of") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappaB/Rel") (:form . "NF-kappaB/Rel")\n (:end . 20) (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "member") (:form . "members") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 42) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cd28re/ap-1-specific")\n (:form . "CD28RE/AP-1-specific") (:end . 69) (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "predominantly") (:form . "predominantly")\n (:end . 100) (:start . 87) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-rel") (:form . "c-Rel") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "despite") (:form . "despite") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fact") (:form . "fact") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p50") (:form . "p50") (:end . 138) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RelA") (:form . "RelA") (:end . 147) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "efficiently") (:form . "efficiently") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 168) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 171) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 175) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd28re") (:form . "CD28RE") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1064.9) (:did . :|9233628|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009948@unknown@formal@none@1@S@c-Fos and c-Jun are also found in this CD28RE/AP-1-specific complex.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-fos") (:form . "c-Fos") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c-jun") (:form . "c-Jun") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . 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(:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1065.9) (:did . :|9233802|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009960@unknown@formal@none@1@S@GABP factors bind to a distal interleukin 2 (IL-2) enhancer and contribute to c-Raf-mediated increase in IL-2 induction.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GABP") (:form . "GABP") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distal") (:form . "distal") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interleukin") (:form . 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(:end . 248) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1066.8) (:did . :|9234696|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009968@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Overexpression of BXB, a constitutive active version of c-Raf, and of further members of the Ras-Raf-Erk signal cascade exerted an increase of GABP-mediated promoter-enhancer induction.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Overexpression") (:form . "Overexpression")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BXB") (:form . "BXB") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "constitutive") (:form . "constitutive") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"induction") (:form . "induction") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1066.9) (:did . :|9234696|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009970@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The product of the murine homolog of the Drosophila extra sex combs gene displays transcriptional repressor activity.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "product") (:form . "product") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "murine") (:form . "murine") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . 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"repressor") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1067.1) (:did . :|9234727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009971@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K protein represents a novel class of proteins that may act as docking platforms that orchestrate cross-talk among molecules involved in signal transduction and gene expression.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "heterogeneous") (:form . "heterogeneous")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nuclear") (:form . "nuclear") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ribonucleoprotein") (:form . 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"IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 180) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signal") (:form . "signal") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transduction") (:form . "transduction") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 204) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 209) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") 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"has") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "extensive") (:form . "extensive") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 163) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "extra") (:form . "extra") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sex") (:form . "sex") (:end . 201) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "comb") (:form . "combs") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . 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"of") (:form . "of") (:end . 255) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homeotic") (:form . "homeotic") (:end . 264)\n (:start . 256) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 270)\n (:start . 265) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 271) (:start . 270)\n (:id . 91)))@@@1@50@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1067.3) (:did . :|9234727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009973@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The cDNA that we isolated is identical to the cDNA of the recently positionally cloned mouse embryonic ectoderm development gene, eed.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cdna") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "isolate") (:form . "isolated") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cdna") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "positionally") (:form . "positionally") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "cloned") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mouse") (:form . "mouse") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "embryonic") (:form . "embryonic") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ectoderm") (:form . "ectoderm") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "eed") (:form . "eed") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1067.4) (:did . :|9234727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009974@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Like Esc, Eed contains six WD-40 repeats in the C-terminal half of the protein and is thought to repress homeotic gene expression during mouse embryogenesis.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "like") (:form . "Like") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Esc") (:form . "Esc") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Eed") (:form . "Eed") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "six") (:form . "six") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "wd-40") (:form . "WD-40") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeats") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "half") (:form . "half") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "think") (:form . "thought") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "repress") (:form . "repress") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homeotic") (:form . "homeotic") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mouse") (:form . "mouse") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "embryogenesis") (:form . "embryogenesis")\n (:end . 156) (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x1067.5.1) (:span 86 93)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1067.5.1) (:span 83 156)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1067.5) (:did . :|9234727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009975@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Eed binds to K protein through a domain in its N terminus, but interestingly, this domain is not found in the Drosophila Esc.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "eed") (:form . "Eed") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binds") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "K") (:form . "K") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "terminus") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "interestingly") (:form . "interestingly")\n (:end . 76) (:start . 63) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 102) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Esc") (:form . "Esc") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x1067.6.1) (:span 93 96)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1067.6.1) (:span 78 124)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1067.6) (:did . :|9234727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009976@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Gal4-Eed fusion protein represses transcription of a reporter gene driven by a promoter that contains Gal4-binding DNA elements.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "gal4-eed") (:form . "Gal4-Eed") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fusion") (:form . "fusion") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "repress") (:form . "represses") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 47) (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reporter") (:form . "reporter") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "drive") (:form . "driven") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "gal4-binding") (:form . "Gal4-binding") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1067.7) (:did . :|9234727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009977@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Eed also represses transcription when recruited to a target promoter by Gal4-K protein.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Eed") (:form . "Eed") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "repress") (:form . "represses") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 32) (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "recruit") (:form . "recruited") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "target") (:form . "target") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gal4-K") (:form . "Gal4-K") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1067.8) (:did . :|9234727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009978@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Point mutations within the eed gene that are responsible for severe embryonic development abnormalities abolished the transcriptional repressor activity of Eed.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Point") (:form . "Point") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "within") (:form . "within") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "eed") (:form . "eed") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "responsible") (:form . "responsible") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "severe") (:form . "severe") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "embryonic") (:form . "embryonic") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "abnormality") (:form . "abnormalities")\n (:end . 103) (:start . 90) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "abolish") (:form . "abolished") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 133) (:start . 118) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repressor") (:form . "repressor") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 155) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Eed") (:form . "Eed") (:end . 159) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1067.9) (:did . :|9234727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009980@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Eed-mediated transcriptional effects are likely to reflect the interaction of Eed with multiple molecular partners, including K protein.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x1069.7.1) (:span 80 85))\n ((:id . :x1069.7.2) (:span 43 46)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1069.7.1) (:span 80 122))\n ((:id . :x1069.7.2) (:span 43 75)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1069.7) (:did . :|9237716|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009996@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity [see comments]@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 7) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homologue") (:form . "homologue") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . 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"by") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "antigen-presenting") (:form . "antigen-presenting")\n (:end . 131) (:start . 113) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1070.2) (:did . :|9237759|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5009998@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The mechanisms that control the initial induction of these signals upon infection are poorly understood.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanisms") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "control") (:form . 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(:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1075.2) (:did . :|9252117|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010036@unknown@formal@none@1@S@With the aim of identifying genetic targets for these transcription factors, we stably transfected cDNAs encoding EBF or a covalent homodimer of E47, individually or together, into immature hematopoietic Ba/F3 cells, which lack both factors.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "With") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aim") (:form . "aim") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identifying") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genetic") (:form . 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(:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1076.6) (:did . :|9256234|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010046@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The importance of NF-kappaB complexes in viral functions has been established comparing the level of NF-kappaB DNA-binding complexes with syncytia-forming activity of 8e51 cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "importance") (:form . "importance") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappaB") (:form . "NF-kappaB") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"DNA-binding") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "syncytia-forming") (:form . "syncytia-forming")\n (:end . 154) (:start . 138) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 166) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "8e51") (:form . "8e51") (:end . 171) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1076.7) (:did . :|9256234|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010047@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In fact, 8e51 cells that had almost lost their syncytia-forming capacity were found to contain at least 10 times less active NF-kappaB DNA-binding complex than the actively fusing cells.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fact") (:form . "fact") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "8e51") (:form . "8e51") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . 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"the") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "actively") (:form . "actively") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "fuse") (:form . "fusing") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1076.8) (:did . :|9256234|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010048@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The correlation is specific as the level of at least three other transcription factors did not change.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 78) (:start . 65) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "do") (:form . "did") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "change") (:form . "change") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:ncues ((:id . :x1076.9.1) (:span 91 94)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1076.9.1) (:span 91 101)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1076.9) (:did . :|9256234|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010050@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The leukocyte-specific, cytoskeleton-binding pp52 (LSP-1, WP-34) protein is widely expressed in multiple leukocyte lineages, including B and T lymphocytes, granulocytes, and macrophages.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1077.2) (:did . :|9257843|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010051@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We previously detected a tissue-specific promoter preceding the exon encoding the N terminus of the pp52 leukocyte protein.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tissue-specific") (:form . "tissue-specific")\n (:end . 40) (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "precede") (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1077.3) (:did . :|9257843|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010052@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we describe the functional characterization of this promoter and identification of the factors in B and T cells that regulate its activity.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "describe") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "functional") (:form . "functional") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"B") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulate") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1077.4) (:did . :|9257843|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010053@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The pp52 promoter contains an initiator specifying the unique 5' terminus of pp52 mRNA, tandem pairs of Ets and SP1 motifs, and a lone C/EBP motif.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pp52") (:form . "pp52") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "initiator") (:form . "initiator") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "specify") (:form . "specifying") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unique") (:form . "unique") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "'") (:form . "'") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "terminus") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pp52") (:form . "pp52") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mrna") (:form . "mRNA") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tandem") (:form . "tandem") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . 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"motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1077.5) (:did . :|9257843|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010054@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All these motifs are essential and collectively control transcriptional activity.@(((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "essential") (:form . "essential") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"NN") (:stem . "process") (:form . "process") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "consequence") (:form . "consequences") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1080.4) (:did . :|9265727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010081@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, the characterization of transcription factors selectively regulating cytokine production by CD4+ T cell subsets is at a very early stage.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "characterization") (:form . "characterization")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 50) (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "selectively") (:form . "selectively") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulating") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cytokine") (:form . "cytokine") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "production") (:form . "production") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . 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"stage") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1080.5) (:did . :|9265727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010082@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Three interacting proteins have recently been shown to contribute to subset-restricted expression of the IL-4 gene.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "Three") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"gene") (:end . 114) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1080.6) (:did . :|9265727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010083@unknown@formal@none@1@S@There are other elements regulating IL-4 gene expression, however, and the relative importance of these recently identified proteins has yet to be determined.@(((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "There") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulating") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-4") (:form . 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(:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1080.7) (:did . :|9265727|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010084@unknown@formal@none@1@S@CholecystokininB receptor from human Jurkat lymphoblastic T cells is involved in activator protein-1-responsive gene activation.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CholecystokininB") (:form . "CholecystokininB")\n (:end . 16) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Jurkat") (:form . "Jurkat") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lymphoblastic") (:form . "lymphoblastic")\n (:end . 57) (:start . 44) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1081.1) (:did . :|9271352|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010085@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The aim of this study was to analyze the role of cholecystokinin (CCK(B)) receptor in human lymphoblastic Jurkat T cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aim") (:form . "aim") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . 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(:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x1083.6.1) (:span 39 44)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1083.6.1) (:span 39 169)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1083.6) (:did . :|9276471|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010106@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To our knowledge, this represents the first demonstration that phagocytic stimuli can induce NF-kappa B activation in human neutrophils.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "knowledge") (:form . "knowledge") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "represent") (:form . 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(:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:ncues ((:id . :x1086.3.1) (:span 53 56)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1086.3.1) (:span 53 62)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1086.3) (:did . :|9277499|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010130@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Unlike published studies with pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, which specifically inhibited vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), NAC inhibited IL-1 beta-induced mRNA and cell surface expression of both E-selectin and VCAM-1.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "unlike") (:form . "Unlike") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "publish") (:form . "published") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate")\n (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "surface") (:form . "surface") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 198) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 203) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E-selectin") (:form . "E-selectin") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 218) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "VCAM-1") (:form . "VCAM-1") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1086.5) (:did . :|9277499|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010131@unknown@formal@none@1@S@NAC had no effect on the half-life of E-selectin or VCAM-1 mRNA.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NAC") (:form . "NAC") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "half-life") (:form . "half-life") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:ncues ((:id . :x1086.6.1) (:span 8 10)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1086.6.1) (:span 8 63)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1086.6) (:did . :|9277499|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010132@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although NAC reduced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation in EC as measured by gel-shift assays using an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the consensus NF-kappa B binding sites of the VCAM-1 gene (VCAM-NF-kappa B), the antioxidant had no appreciable effect when an oligomer corresponding to the consensus NF-kappa B binding site of the E-selectin gene (E-selectin-NF-kappa B) was used.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NAC") (:form . "NAC") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "reduce") (:form . 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")") (:end . 391) (:start . 390)\n (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 395) (:start . 392)\n (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 400) (:start . 396)\n (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 401) (:start . 400)\n (:id . 108)))@@@1@67@((:ncues ((:id . :x1086.7.1) (:span 251 253)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1086.7.1) (:span 251 400)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1086.7) (:did . :|9277499|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010133@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Because NF-kappa B has been reported to be redox sensitive, we studied the effects of NAC on the EC redox environment.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "Because") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . 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(:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1086.8) (:did . :|9277499|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010134@unknown@formal@none@1@S@NAC caused an expected dramatic increase in the reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in EC.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NAC") (:form . "NAC") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "cause") (:form . "caused") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dramatic") (:form . "dramatic") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increase") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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"unknown") (:form . "unknown") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x1088.3.1) (:span 208 215))\n ((:id . :x1088.3.2) (:span 40 47)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1088.3.1) (:span 143 215))\n ((:id . :x1088.3.2) (:span 0 132)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1088.3) (:did . :|9285527|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010151@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To approach this issue, we used CD36 transfected Chinese hampster ovary (CHO) cells, exposed them to Ox LDL, and determined changes in the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approach") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1088.4) (:did . :|9285527|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010152@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We report here that Ox LDL enhanced DNA binding activity of nuclear extracts to an NF-kappaB sequence following activation of CD36-producing CHO cells with the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ox") (:form . "Ox") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "LDL") (:form . 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(:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1088.5) (:did . :|9285527|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010153@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This enhanced DNA binding activity was inhibited by coincubation of CD36 transfected cells with the human CD36-specific antibody OKM5.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "enhance") (:form . "enhanced") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "inhibit") (:form . 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"results") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "support") (:form . "support") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "idea") (:form . "idea") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd36") (:form . "CD36") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . "mediates") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signal") (:form . "signal") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transduction") (:form . "transduction") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "event") (:form . 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"Transcriptional")\n (:end . 15) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "myelopoiesis") (:form . "myelopoiesis") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1089.1) (:did . :|9291089|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010157@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The coordinated production of all blood cells from a common stem cell is a highly regulated process involving successive stages of commitment and differentiation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "coordinate") (:form . "coordinated") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x1089.5.1) (:span 76 83)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1089.5.1) (:span 76 156)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1089.5) (:did . :|9291089|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010161@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we discuss recent advances in transcriptional regulation during myelopoiesis.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "discuss") (:form . "discuss") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "recent") (:form . "recent") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "advance") (:form . "advances") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1096.1) (:did . :|9310836|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010205@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We previously identified the P sequence as a critical regulatory element of the human IL-4 promoter.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p") (:form . "P") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1096.2) (:did . :|9310836|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010206@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the mouse IL-4 promoter, there are five elements homologous to the human P sequence designated conserved lymphokine element 0 (CLE0), P, P2, P3 and P4.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mouse") (:form . "mouse") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-4") (:form . "IL-4") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . 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"electrophoretic")\n (:end . 149) (:start . 134) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mobility") (:form . "mobility") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shift") (:form . "shift") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "assay") (:form . "assays") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "EMSA") (:form . "EMSA") (:end . 177) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1096.4) (:did . :|9310836|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010208@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transfection of EL-4 cells with the IL-4 promoter-reporter constructs carrying mutated P-like elements showed that four P-like elements, CLE0, P, P2 and P4, but not P3, were required for optimal activation of the IL-4 promoter.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transfection") (:form . "Transfection") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "el-4") (:form . "EL-4") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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",") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 160) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 164) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p3") (:form . "P3") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 173) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 186) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "optimal") (:form . "optimal") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 208) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 212) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-4") (:form . "IL-4") (:end . 217) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:ncues ((:id . :x1096.5.1) (:span 161 164)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1096.5.1) (:span 161 167)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1096.5) (:did . :|9310836|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010210@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In competition and antibody supershift assays in EMSA, complexes formed with P or P2 proved to contain nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family proteins as major components.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "competition") (:form . 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(:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1096.7) (:did . :|9310836|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010211@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Activator protein (AP)-1 family proteins interacted with CLE0, P, P2 and P4.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Activator") (:form . "Activator") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "AP)-1") (:form . "AP)-1") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacted") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:hcues ((:id . :x1096.12.1) (:span 100 103))\n ((:id . :x1096.12.3) (:span 14 20)) ((:id . :x1096.12.4) (:span 3 8)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1096.12.2) (:span 82 85)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1096.12.1) (:span 100 155))\n ((:id . :x1096.12.3) (:span 14 155)) ((:id . :x1096.12.4) (:span 3 155)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1096.12.2) (:span 82 95)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1096.12) (:did . :|9310836|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010216@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ability of BHRF1 to inhibit apoptosis is dependent on stimulus and cell type.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ability") (:form . "ability") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bhrf1") (:form . 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(:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1103.1) (:did . :|9322967|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010272@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since GH stimulates the development and function of granulocytes, we investigated the expression of GH in granulocyte subsets.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GH") (:form . "GH") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "stimulate") (:form . "stimulates") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . 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(:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1103.3) (:did . :|9322967|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010274@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Reversed transcription (RT)-PCR analysis demonstrated GH mRNA in neutrophils.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "reverse") (:form . "Reversed") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 22) (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RT)-PCR") (:form . "RT)-PCR") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrated") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GH") (:form . 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(:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1105.1) (:did . :|9328452|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010287@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The distribution of myeloid lineage-associated cytokine receptors and lysosomal proteins was analyzed in human CD34+ cord blood cell (CB) subsets at different stages of myeloid commitment by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "myeloid") (:form . "myeloid") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lineage-associated") (:form . "lineage-associated")\n (:end . 46) (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 248) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1105.2) (:did . :|9328452|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010288@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The highly specific granulomonocyte-associated lysosomal proteins myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lysozyme (LZ), as well as the transcription factor PU.1, were already detectable in the most immature CD34+Thy-1+ subset.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "granulomonocyte-associated")\n (:form . "granulomonocyte-associated") (:end . 46) (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lysosomal") (:form . 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(:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1105.3) (:did . :|9328452|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010290@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By contrast, the monocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor was largely absent at this stage and in the CD34+Thy-1-CD45RA- subsets.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "monocyte-macrophage")\n (:form . "monocyte-macrophage") (:end . 36) (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "colony") (:form . "colony") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x1107.9.1) (:span 58 68)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1107.9.1) (:span 58 157)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1107.9) (:did . :|9334723|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010316@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 mediates the transactivation of the c-sis/platelet-derived growth factor-B promoter through interactions with the zinc finger transcription factors Sp1 and NGFI-A/Egr-1.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tax") (:form . "tax") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . 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(:end . 223) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1108.1) (:did . :|9341193|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010317@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transcriptional up-regulation of the c-sis/platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) proto-oncogene by the Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 has been implicated as one possible mechanism of cellular transformation by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "Transcriptional")\n (:end . 15) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "up-regulation") (:form . "up-regulation")\n (:end . 29) (:start . 16) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-sis/platelet-derived")\n (:form . 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(:end . 268) (:start . 267)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:hcues ((:id . :x1111.4.1) (:span 24 38)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1111.4.1) (:span 24 267)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1111.4) (:did . :|9343210|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010345@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This adhesion molecule was also expressed by T cells obtained from one patient with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis but not by activated T cells isolated from one normal blood donor.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adhesion") (:form . "adhesion") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "molecule") (:form . "molecule") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . 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(:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:ncues ((:id . :x1111.5.1) (:span 146 149)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1111.5.1) (:span 146 207)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1111.5) (:did . :|9343210|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010346@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The role of the viral trans-activator Tax protein in the induction of VCAM-1 was first indicated by the detection of this adhesion molecule on Jurkat T-cell clones stably expressing the tax gene.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "viral") (:form . "viral") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1111.6) (:did . :|9343210|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010347@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The effect of Tax on VCAM-1 gene transcription was next confirmed in JPX-9 cells, a subclone of Jurkat cells, carrying the tax sequences under the control of an inducible promoter.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Tax") (:form . "Tax") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "vcam-1") (:form . "VCAM-1") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . 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(:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1111.7) (:did . :|9343210|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010348@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, deletion and mutation analyses of the VCAM-1 promoter performed with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs revealed that Tax was trans activating the VCAM-1 promoter via two NF-kappaB sites present at bp -72 and -57 in the VCAM-1 gene promoter, with both of them being required for the Tax-induced expression of this adhesion molecule.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . "deletion") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 348) (:start . 347)\n (:id . 94)))@@@1@53@((:hcues ((:id . :x1119.7.1) (:span 217 227)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1119.7.1) (:span 217 347)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1119.7) (:did . :|9356353|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010421@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Because the DSE are also TRE sites, we assessed the effect of the agonist combinations on AP-1-dependent transcription.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "Because") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DSE") (:form . "DSE") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tre") (:form . 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"on") (:form . "on") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ap-1-dependent") (:form . "AP-1-dependent")\n (:end . 104) (:start . 90) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 118) (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1119.8) (:did . :|9356353|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010422@unknown@formal@none@1@S@TNFalpha as well as IL-1beta cooperated with Ctx to produce a synergistic activation of AP-1-mediated transcription.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TNFalpha") (:form . "TNFalpha") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . 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(:end . 345) (:start . 344)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:hcues ((:id . :x1123.7.1) (:span 272 275))\n ((:id . :x1123.7.2) (:span 200 207)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1123.7.1) (:span 272 344))\n ((:id . :x1123.7.2) (:span 200 344)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1123.7) (:did . :|9361029|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010456@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Characterization of CD40 signaling determinants regulating nuclear factor-kappa B activation in B lymphocytes.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "characterization") (:form . "Characterization")\n (:end . 16) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CD40") (:form . "CD40") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "determinant") (:form . 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(:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1124.1) (:did . :|9366415|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010457@unknown@formal@none@1@S@CD40 signaling to B cells is important for generating an effective humoral immune response.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CD40") (:form . "CD40") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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(:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:ncues ((:id . :x1125.5.1) (:span 111 115)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1125.5.1) (:span 111 185)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1125.5) (:did . :|9372447|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010474@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These transcription factors are either not produced due to block of transcription of their respective genes (Oct-2, OBF-1, PU.1), or are rendered inactive posttranslationally (NF-kappa B, E47).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 19) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . 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(:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1133.6) (:did . :|9390691|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010547@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Protein kinase B (PKB) is activated by IL-2 via PI3K.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "Protein") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "kinase") (:form . "kinase") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PKB") (:form . "PKB") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "activate") (:form . 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(:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1133.8) (:did . :|9390691|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010550@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These results establish a crucial PI3K/PKB-mediated link between the IL-2 teceptor and the cell cycle machinery.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "establish") (:form . "establish") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "crucial") (:form . "crucial") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pi3k/pkb-mediated") (:form . "PI3K/PKB-mediated")\n (:end . 51) (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "link") (:form . 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(:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1133.10) (:did . :|9390691|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010551@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thiol modulation inhibits the interleukin (IL)-1-mediated activation of an IL-1 receptor-associated protein kinase and NF-kappa B.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Thiol") (:form . "Thiol") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "modulation") (:form . "modulation") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "inhibit") (:form . "inhibits") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interleukin") (:form . "interleukin") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "IL)-1-mediated") (:form . 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(:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1139.4) (:did . :|9416887|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010598@unknown@formal@none@1@S@TF activity generated by both unstimulated and endotoxin-stimulated cells was significantly higher in transplant recipients than in control subjects (P<.05).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TF") (:form . "TF") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unstimulated") (:form . "unstimulated") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . 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(:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x1142.4.1) (:span 101 104))\n ((:id . :x1142.4.2) (:span 46 56)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1142.4.3) (:span 18 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1142.4.1) (:span 62 116))\n ((:id . :x1142.4.2) (:span 46 116)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1142.4.3) (:span 18 44)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1142.4) (:did . :|9428793|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010625@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The human G0/G1 switch gene, G0S2, has potential NFAT-binding sites in the 5' flank and encodes a small basic potential phosphoprotein of unknown function.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "g0/g1") (:form . "G0/G1") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "switch") (:form . 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(:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1142.7) (:did . :|9428793|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010628@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This "spontaneous stimulation" is also noted with some other G0S genes and has been attributed to some aspect of the isolation procedure.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "\\"spontaneous") (:form . "\\"spontaneous")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stimulation") (:form . "stimulation") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "\\"") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "note") (:form . 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(:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x1144.4.2) (:span 75 78)) ((:id . :x1144.4.3) (:span 8 20)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1144.4.1) (:span 89 93)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1144.4.2) (:span 75 181))\n ((:id . :x1144.4.3) (:span 8 181)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1144.4.1) (:span 89 181)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1144.4) (:did . :|9428992|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010647@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to examine both fetal and term neonatal cord bloods for mRNA expression of three transcription factors implicated in T-cell activation: c-jun, c-fos, and NF kappa B (p50 subunit).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "reverse") (:form . 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(:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1144.6) (:did . :|9428992|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010650@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, secretion of IL-2 by anti-CD3-stimulated cord blood mononuclear cells was still blunted compared with control cells from adults.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "secretion") (:form . "secretion") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2") (:form . "IL-2") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "anti-cd3-stimulated")\n (:form . 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"translocation")\n (:end . 148) (:start . 135) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 153) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nucleus") (:form . "nucleus") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1149.5) (:did . :|9442374|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010707@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we show that in E29.1 T cell hybridoma I kappa B alpha and I kappa B beta are equally associated with p65 and that I kappa B beta is degraded in response to TNF alpha in contrast to what has been originally published.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . 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(:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x1149.7.1) (:span 14 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1149.7.1) (:span 14 146)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1149.7) (:did . :|9442374|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010710@unknown@formal@none@1@S@NF-kappa B/Rel family members regulating the ICAM-1 promoter in monocytic THP-1 cells.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappa") (:form . "NF-kappa") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B/Rel") (:form . "B/Rel") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "member") (:form . "members") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulating") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1150.1) (:did . :|9442377|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010711@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A kappa B-site was identified in the promoter of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene, which is involved in regulation of ICAM-1 expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and glucocorticoids.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kappa") (:form . "kappa") (:end . 7) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B-site") (:form . "B-site") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"Mac") (:end . 156) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:ncues ((:id . :x1151.5.1) (:span 73 78)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1151.5.1) (:span 73 164)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1151.5) (:did . :|9442380|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010725@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The same is true for nuclear extracts taken from the murine P388D1 macrophage cell line when tested with the -516 motif of the murine TNF promoter (GGGGGCTTTCCC).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x1158.12.1) (:span 113 118))\n ((:id . :x1158.12.2) (:span 74 82)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1158.12.1) (:span 113 213))\n ((:id . :x1158.12.2) (:span 74 112)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1158.12) (:did . :|9507734|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010783@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Role of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein in cyclic AMP inhibition of NF-kappaB-mediated transcription.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "Role") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cyclic") (:form . "cyclic") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AMP") (:form . "AMP") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "response") (:form . "response") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1159.1) (:did . :|9548485|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010784@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors regulates the inducible expression of a variety of genes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NF-kappaB") (:form . "NF-kappaB") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 37) (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . 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(:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1159.2) (:did . :|9548485|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010785@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Recently, we showed that elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP inhibits NF-kappaB-mediated transcription in human monocytes and endothelial cells without preventing nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB complexes.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "Recently") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showed") (:end . 19) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "elevation") (:form . 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"complexes") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:ncues ((:id . :x1159.3.1) (:span 146 153)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1159.3.1) (:span 146 209)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1159.3) (:did . :|9548485|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010786@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The present study examined the molecular mechanism of this inhibition.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examined") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1159.4) (:did . :|9548485|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010787@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We hypothesized that activation of the protein kinase A signaling pathway may inhibit NF-kappaB-mediated transcription by phosphorylating proteins, such as cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which compete for limiting amounts of the coactivator CBP.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "hypothesize") (:form . "hypothesized") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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"genome") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1161.2) (:did . :|9570512|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010804@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To gain a better understanding of the impact of long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence diversity on LTR-directed gene expression in cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and immune system, we amplified and cloned LTRs from proviral DNA in HIV-1-infected peripheral blood.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "gain") (:form . "gain") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 9) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "good") (:form . "better") (:end . 16) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"blood") (:end . 271)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 272) (:start . 271)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1161.3) (:did . :|9570512|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010805@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Sequence analysis of nineteen LTRs cloned from 2 adult and 3 pediatric patients revealed an average of 33 nucleotide changes (with respect to the sequence of the LAI LTR) within the 455-bp U3 region.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "Sequence") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "nineteen") (:form . "nineteen") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ltr") (:form . 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".") (:form . ".") (:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1161.4) (:did . :|9570512|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010806@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transient expression analyses in cells of neuroglial and lymphocytic origin demonstrated that some of these LTRs had activities which varied significantly from the LAI LTR in U-373 MG cells (an astrocytoma cell line) as well as in Jurkat cells (a CD4-positive lymphocyte cell line).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transient") (:form . "Transient") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analyses") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . 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(:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1170.6) (:did . :|9663467|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010881@unknown@formal@none@1@S@TPO induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the TPO receptor but not the erythropoietin (EPO) receptor.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPO") (:form . "TPO") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "induce") (:form . "induced") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tyrosine") (:form . "tyrosine") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phosphorylation") (:form . "phosphorylation")\n (:end . 36) (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPO") (:form . 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(:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:ncues ((:id . :x1170.7.1) (:span 61 64)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1170.7.1) (:span 61 98)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1170.7) (:did . :|9663467|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010882@unknown@formal@none@1@S@There was no competition between TPO and EPO for binding to EPO receptor.@(((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "There") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "competition") (:form . "competition") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPO") (:form . "TPO") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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(:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:ncues ((:id . :x1170.8.1) (:span 10 12)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1170.8.1) (:span 10 72)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1170.8) (:did . :|9663467|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010883@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These findings suggest that TPO has a direct effect on hemoglobinization via a specific receptor on UT-7/GMT cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "findings") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPO") (:form . "TPO") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . 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(:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1170.10) (:did . :|9663467|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010885@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, our data suggest that TPO has a distinct action on erythropoiesis.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPO") (:form . "TPO") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . 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"IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 160) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 164) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TNFRI") (:form . "TNFRI") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "death") (:form . "death") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TRADD") (:form . "TRADD") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1175.3) (:did . :|9707608|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010930@unknown@formal@none@1@S@IkappaB alpha phosphorylation on Ser-32 and Ser-36 is followed by its degradation and NF-kappaB activation.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IkappaB") (:form . "IkappaB") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alpha") (:form . "alpha") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phosphorylation") (:form . "phosphorylation")\n (:end . 29) (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser-32") (:form . "Ser-32") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser-36") (:form . 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(:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1175.5) (:did . :|9707608|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010931@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this report, we show that NF-kappaB activation by LMP1 or by each of its effector sites is mediated by a pathway that includes NIK, IKKalpha, and IKKbeta.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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"IKKalpha") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 148) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IKKbeta") (:form . "IKKbeta") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1175.6) (:did . :|9707608|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010932@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Dominant negative mutants of NIK, IKKalpha, or IKKbeta substantially inhibited NF-kappaB activation by LMP1 or by each of its effector sites.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dominant") (:form . "Dominant") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . 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".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1175.7) (:did . :|9707608|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010933@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Dimethyldithiocarbamate inhibits in vitro activation of primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dimethyldithiocarbamate")\n (:form . "Dimethyldithiocarbamate") (:end . 23) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "inhibit") (:form . "inhibits") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vitro") (:form . "vitro") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "primary") (:form . 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(:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:ncues ((:id . :x1176.2.1) (:span 128 130)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1176.2.1) (:span 128 158)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1176.2) (:did . :|9710149|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010935@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These apparent inconsistencies reflect the complexity of the DTCs biological activities and are probably due in part to differences in dose, route of exposure, animal species used and/or specific compound tested.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apparent") (:form . "apparent") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "inconsistency") (:form . "inconsistencies")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "reflect") (:form . "reflect") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x1176.3.1) (:span 96 104)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1176.3.1) (:span 96 211)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1176.3) (:did . :|9710149|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5010936@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The studies described herein were undertaken to investigate the immunotoxicity of one member of this family, dimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDTC).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "herein") (:form . "herein") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "undertake") (:form . 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(:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:ncues ((:id . :x1191.2.1) (:span 69 76)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1191.2.1) (:span 69 143)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1191.2) (:did . :|9730957|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011071@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, little is known about the structure-activity relationship and the mechanism by which endotoxin induces Mn SOD.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "little") (:form . "little") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "about") (:form . 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"activity") (:end . 405)\n (:start . 397) (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 406) (:start . 405)\n (:id . 104)))@@@1@63@((:ncues ((:id . :x1191.4.1) (:span 71 78)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1191.4.1) (:span 71 161)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1191.4) (:did . :|9730957|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011073@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, in contrast to the wild-type endotoxin, it failed to induce significant production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha by monocytes and did not induce the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of mitogen-activated protein kinase.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:ncues ((:id . :x1213.6.1) (:span 60 63)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1213.6.1) (:span 0 77)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1213.6) (:did . :|9796702|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011268@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the present study, we examined the ability of PtdIns 3-kinase to initiate the Rac-1 signaling pathways important for T cell activation.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . 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(:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1215.4) (:did . :|9799798|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011302@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The cell type-specific increase in LAL expression is further investigated in the THP-1 cell line with respect to transcriptional regulation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "type-specific") (:form . "type-specific")\n (:end . 22) (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increase") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lal") (:form . "LAL") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . 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(:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1215.8) (:did . :|9799798|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011306@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Gel mobility shift assays demonstrated that binding of Sp1 and AP-2 to the LAL promoter is increased by PMA in THP-1 cells.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gel") (:form . "Gel") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mobility") (:form . "mobility") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shift") (:form . "shift") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "assay") (:form . "assays") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrated") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . 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(:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1217.1) (:did . :|9804806|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011320@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces monocytes to express a variety of genes by activating the NF-kappaB/Rel transcription factor family.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "bacterial") (:form . "Bacterial") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lipopolysaccharide") (:form . "lipopolysaccharide")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "LPS") (:form . "LPS") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "induce") (:form . "induces") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "monocyte") (:form . 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(:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1219.2) (:did . :|9808189|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011340@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Th1 cell-mediated immune responses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "th1") (:form . "Th1") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cell-mediated") (:form . "cell-mediated")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "immune") (:form . "immune") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "response") (:form . "responses") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "implicate") (:form . 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(:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1219.4) (:did . :|9808189|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011341@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, IL-12 appears to be a critical factor in the generation and maintenance of chronic inflammatory conditions.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-12") (:form . "IL-12") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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"conditions") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:hcues ((:id . :x1219.5.1) (:span 12 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1219.5.1) (:span 6 112)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1219.5) (:did . :|9808189|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011342@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study, we investigated the effects of a commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory drug, acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), on IL-12 production and Th1 cell development.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . 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(:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1222.10) (:did . :|9813178|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011377@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transcriptional regulation of the beta-casein gene by cytokines: cross-talk between STAT5 and other signaling molecules.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "Transcriptional")\n (:end . 15) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beta-casein") (:form . "beta-casein") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . 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(:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1226.1) (:did . :|9823774|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011407@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) signaling involves activation of STATs, proteins that serve the dual function of signal transduction and activation of transcription.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Granulocyte") (:form . "Granulocyte") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "colony-stimulating") (:form . "colony-stimulating")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G-CSF") (:form . "G-CSF") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1226.2) (:did . :|9823774|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011408@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We previously demonstrated that G-CSF activated a distinct Stat3-like protein in immature and mature normal myeloid cells, StatG.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrated") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G-CSF") (:form . "G-CSF") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "activate") (:form . "activated") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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(:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x1227.3.1) (:span 179 186)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1227.3.1) (:span 85 186)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1227.3) (:did . :|9824485|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011417@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We performed an analysis of the mechanisms by which two PKC inhibitors, Calphostin C and Staurosporine, prevent the FN-induced IL-1beta response.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performed") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1227.4) (:did . :|9824485|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011418@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both inhibitors blocked the secretion of IL-1beta protein into the media of peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to FN.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "inhibitor") (:form . "inhibitors") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "block") (:form . "blocked") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "secretion") (:form . "secretion") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IL-1beta") (:form . 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"exposed") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FN") (:form . "FN") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1227.5) (:did . :|9824485|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011420@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To determine the mechanisms responsible for these differences, we turned to human U937 promonocytic cells.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determine") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . 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(:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1227.8) (:did . :|9824485|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011422@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These studies revealed that Calphostin C inhibited the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) which is considered necessary for FN induction of IL-1beta gene transcription, and prevented the transcription of the IL-1beta gene.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "reveal") (:form . "revealed") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Calphostin") (:form . "Calphostin") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"of") (:end . 245) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 249) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IL-1beta") (:form . "IL-1beta") (:end . 258)\n (:start . 250) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 263) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 264) (:start . 263)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1227.9) (:did . :|9824485|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011423@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, Staurosporine alone induced AP-1 translocation and stimulation of the gene.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . 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(:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1227.10) (:did . :|9824485|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011424@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Overall, our data indicate that Calphostin C prevents the transcription of the IL-1beta gene thereby inhibiting protein synthesis.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "overall") (:form . "Overall") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Calphostin") (:form . 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"inhibiting") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "synthesis") (:form . "synthesis") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x1227.11.1) (:span 18 31)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1227.11.1) (:span 18 129)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1227.11) (:did . :|9824485|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011425@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Based on the high specificity of this compound for PKC, we conclude that PKC is necessary for FN-induced IL-1beta protein production.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "Based") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x1235.10.1) (:span 22 31))\n ((:id . :x1235.10.2) (:span 14 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1235.10.1) (:span 22 169))\n ((:id . :x1235.10.2) (:span 14 169)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1235.10) (:did . :|9838061|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011504@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Tpl-2 induces IL-2 expression in T-cell lines by triggering multiple signaling pathways that activate NFAT and NF-kappaB.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tpl-2") (:form . "Tpl-2") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "induce") (:form . "induces") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2") (:form . "IL-2") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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(:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x1236.8.1) (:span 18 27)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1236.8.1) (:span 18 165)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1236.8) (:did . :|9840924|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011512@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Experiments in COS-1 and EL-4 cells confirmed both hypotheses and revealed that the second factor activated by Tpl-2 is NF-kappaB.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "Experiments") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cos-1") (:form . "COS-1") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "el-4") (:form . "EL-4") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . 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"electrophoretic") (:form . "electrophoretic")\n (:end . 106) (:start . 91) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mobility") (:form . "mobility") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shift") (:form . "shift") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "assay") (:form . "assays") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1238.7) (:did . :|9845517|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011534@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These sites overlap the P1, P2, and P4 NFAT elements.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . 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(:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1238.8) (:did . :|9845517|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011535@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To investigate the role of Stat6 in regulating IL-4 transcription, we used Stat6-deficient Jurkat T cells with different intact IL-4 promoter constructs in cotransfection assays.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigate") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Stat6") (:form . "Stat6") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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(:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1238.9) (:did . :|9845517|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011536@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We show that, whereas a multimerized response element from the germline IgE promoter was highly induced by IL-4 in Stat6-expressing Jurkat cells, the intact human IL-4 promoter was repressed under similar conditions.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whereas") (:form . "whereas") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1238.10) (:did . :|9845517|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011537@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We conclude that the function of Stat6 is highly dependent on promoter context and that this factor promotes IL-4 gene expression in an indirect manner.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "conclude") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Stat6") (:form . 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(:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1238.11) (:did . :|9845517|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011538@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta promoter polymorphisms in allergies and asthma.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Interleukin-10") (:form . "Interleukin-10")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "transform") (:form . "transforming") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "growth") (:form . "growth") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor-beta") (:form . "factor-beta") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "polymorphism") (:form . "polymorphisms")\n (:end . 73) (:start . 60) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "allergy") (:form . "allergies") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "asthma") (:form . "asthma") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1239.1) (:did . :|9847292|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011540@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These cytokines are therefore candidate genes which could contribute to the development of asthma or allergies.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cytokine") (:form . 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".") (:form . ".") (:end . 277) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x1242.9.1) (:span 151 153))\n ((:id . :x1242.9.2) (:span 3 10)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1242.9.1) (:span 135 169))\n ((:id . :x1242.9.2) (:span 3 276)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1242.9) (:did . :|9852310|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011580@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Molecular cloning of FKHRL1P2, a member of the developmentally regulated fork head domain transcription factor family.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "Molecular") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cloning") (:form . "cloning") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FKHRL1P2") (:form . "FKHRL1P2") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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"transcription")\n (:end . 103) (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1243.1) (:did . :|9852958|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011581@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we report the expression of a fork head domain protein in human T helper cells.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fork") (:form . "fork") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "head") (:form . "head") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "helper") (:form . "helper") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1243.2) (:did . :|9852958|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011582@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We cloned and characterized a fork head cDNA from human T helper cell mRNA using differential display RT-PCR.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "cloned") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterized")\n (:end . 27) (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fork") (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "display") (:form . "display") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rt-pcr") (:form . "RT-PCR") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1243.3) (:did . :|9852958|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011583@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The cDNA contains a 546-nucleotide (nt) open reading frame (ORF) that codes for the carboxyl-terminal 180 amino acids (aa) of the recently identified fkhrl1 gene.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "cDNA") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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"of") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fkhrl1") (:form . "fkhrl1") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 161) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1243.4) (:did . :|9852958|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011584@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This ORF does not contain the characteristic DNA-binding domain found in members of the forkhead protein family.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "orf") (:form . "ORF") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "characteristic") (:form . "characteristic")\n (:end . 44) (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dna-binding") (:form . "DNA-binding") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "member") (:form . "members") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "forkhead") (:form . "forkhead") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:ncues ((:id . :x1243.5.1) (:span 14 17)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1243.5.1) (:span 14 111)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1243.5) (:did . :|9852958|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011585@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In-vitro transcription/translation of this cDNA expressed a protein of approximately 20 kDa.@(((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in-vitro") (:form . "In-vitro") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription/translation")\n (:form . "transcription/translation") (:end . 34) (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "cDNA") (:form . "cDNA") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressed") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 84) (:start . 71) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "20") (:form . "20") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kda") (:form . "kDa") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1243.6) (:did . :|9852958|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011586@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have generated antibodies that specifically immunoprecipitated the in-vitro-translated 20-kDa protein.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "antibody") (:form . "antibodies") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . "specifically") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "immunoprecipitate") (:form . "immunoprecipitated")\n (:end . 65) (:start . 47) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "in-vitro-translated")\n (:form . "in-vitro-translated") (:end . 89) (:start . 70) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "20-kda") (:form . "20-kDa") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1243.7) (:did . :|9852958|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011587@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This antibody also recognizes in human T lymphocytes a 70-kDa protein corresponding in size to that predicted for the fkhrl1 gene product.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "antibody") (:form . "antibody") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "recognize") (:form . "recognizes") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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(:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1245.2) (:did . :|9858618|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011597@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The master switch for the expression of these genes is the class II transactivator (CIITA).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "master") (:form . "master") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "switch") (:form . "switch") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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(:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1245.3) (:did . :|9858618|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011598@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this report, we demonstrate that one of the functions of CIITA is to recruit the CREB binding protein (CBP) to class II promoters.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1245.4) (:did . :|9858618|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011600@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, a dominant negative form of CBP decreased the activity of class II promoters and levels of class II determinants on the surface of cells.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dominant") (:form . "dominant") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1245.6) (:did . :|9858618|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011601@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Finally, the inhibition of class II gene expression by the glucocorticoid hormone could be attributed to the squelching of CBP by the glucocorticoid receptor.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "finally") (:form . "Finally") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inhibition") (:form . "inhibition") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . 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(:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1245.7) (:did . :|9858618|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011602@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We conclude that CBP, a histone acetyltransferase, plays an important role in the transcription of class II genes.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "conclude") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CBP") (:form . "CBP") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "histone") (:form . "histone") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "requirement") (:form . "requirement") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cd28") (:form . "CD28") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "up-regulation") (:form . "up-regulation")\n (:end . 126) (:start . 113) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RE/AP") (:form . "RE/AP") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1246.1) (:did . :|9862666|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011604@unknown@formal@none@1@S@IL-2 gene transcription in T cells requires both TCR and costimulatory signals.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-2") (:form . "IL-2") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 23) (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "require") (:form . "requires") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . 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(:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1248.12) (:did . :|9872676|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011628@unknown@formal@none@1@S@After LPS stimulation in human monocytes, IkappaB-alpha protein levels decreased, and NF-kappaB DNA binding increased.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "After") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "LPS") (:form . "LPS") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stimulation") (:form . "stimulation") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "monocyte") (:form . "monocytes") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1249.6) (:did . :|9873041|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011637@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Co-expression of p65 (Rel A) with the FasL promoter enhanced its activity, and co-expression of IkappaB dramatically inhibited the inducible promoter activity.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Co-expression") (:form . "Co-expression")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p65") (:form . "p65") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Rel") (:form . "Rel") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . "A") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . 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(:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1249.7) (:did . :|9873041|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011638@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, the transcription factor AP-1 is not required for activation-induced FasL promoter activity.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ap-1") (:form . "AP-1") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:ncues ((:id . :x1249.8.1) (:span 46 49)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1249.8.1) (:span 13 104)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1249.8) (:did . :|9873041|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011640@unknown@formal@none@1@S@X-rays-induced secretion of cellular factor(s) that enhance(s) HIV-1 promoter transcription in various non-irradiated transfected cell lines.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "x-rays-induced") (:form . "X-rays-induced")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "secretion") (:form . "secretion") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cellular") (:form . "cellular") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor(s)") (:form . "factor(s)") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . 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(:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1250.2) (:did . :|9874515|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011642@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition, extracellular factor(s) released by X-ray-treated human colonic carcinoma cell line (HT29) might activate the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV-1 in non-irradiated HT29 cells.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "extracellular") (:form . "extracellular")\n (:end . 26) (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor(s)") (:form . "factor(s)") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "release") (:form . 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(:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x1250.3.1) (:span 104 109)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1250.3.1) (:span 104 187)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1250.3) (:did . :|9874515|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011643@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the present report we show that in various transiently or stably transfected cell lines, X-ray irradiation up-regulates HIV-1 LTR transcription through the kappaB regulatory elements.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . 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(:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x1255.9.1) (:span 87 92))\n ((:id . :x1255.9.2) (:span 35 42)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1255.9.1) (:span 87 162))\n ((:id . :x1255.9.2) (:span 35 162)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1255.9) (:did . :|9882624|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011694@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Binding of HMG-I(Y) elicits structural changes in a silencer of the human beta-globin gene.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "Binding") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HMG-I(Y)") (:form . "HMG-I(Y)") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "elicit") (:form . "elicits") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "structural") (:form . "structural") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1256.1) (:did . :|9883803|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011695@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Proteins involved in repression of the human beta-globin gene may be useful in the treatment of sickle cell anemia, in conjunction with therapy to reactivate fetal globin genes.@(((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Protein") (:form . "Proteins") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involved") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repression") (:form . "repression") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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"fetal") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "globin") (:form . "globin") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x1256.2.1) (:span 62 65)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1256.2.1) (:span 62 176)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1256.2) (:did . :|9883803|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011696@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If there is a reciprocal elevation of gamma-globin expression upon repression, this approach could be useful in additional hemoglobinopathies.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x1256.3.1) (:span 93 98)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1256.3.1) (:span 93 141)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1256.3) (:did . :|9883803|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011697@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We previously showed that repression of the beta-globin gene appears to be mediated through two DNA sequences, silencers I and II, and identified a protein termed BP1 which binds to both silencer sequences.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showed") (:end . 20) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repression") (:form . 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(:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x1256.4.1) (:span 61 68)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1256.4.1) (:span 26 129)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1256.4) (:did . :|9883803|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011698@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study, we cloned two cDNAs encoding proteins which bind to an oligonucleotide in silencer I containing a BP1 binding site.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "clone") (:form . 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(:end . 239) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x1257.6.1) (:span 143 152)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1257.6.1) (:span 143 238)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1257.6) (:did . :|9886419|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011711@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Indomethacin blocked PGE2 release, but had no influence on the observed effects of C3a, suggesting that the effects of C3a on IL-6 production are independent of PGE2 formation by monocytes.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Indomethacin") (:form . "Indomethacin") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "block") (:form . "blocked") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pge2") (:form . "PGE2") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "release") (:form . "release") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:ncues ((:id . :x1261.4.1) (:span 76 79)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1261.4.1) (:span 76 106)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1261.4) (:did . :|9893043|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011754@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We hypothesized that this increased viral transcription was mediated, in part, through the phosphorylation of CREB.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "hypothesize") (:form . "hypothesized") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increased") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "viral") (:form . 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(:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1264.1) (:did . :|9916078|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011790@unknown@formal@none@1@S@IL-8 is secreted in response to inflammatory stimuli, notably bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), but little is known about the mechanisms by which these agents mediate IL-8 induction.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "il-8") (:form . "IL-8") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "secrete") (:form . "secreted") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "response") (:form . "response") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1264.3) (:did . :|9916078|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011791@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this report, we show that Mycoplasma fermentans lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPf) induce the production of high levels of IL-8 by THP-1 (human monocyte) cells and PMN at the same extent as LPS.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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(:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1267.3) (:did . :|9928723|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011811@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Low levels of viral transcription (basal transcription) occur before expression of the virally encoded Tax protein (Tax-mediated transcription).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low") (:form . "Low") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "level") (:form . "levels") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "viral") (:form . "viral") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "basal") (:form . 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(:end . 261) (:start . 260)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:hcues ((:id . :x1269.8.1) (:span 203 211))\n ((:id . :x1269.8.2) (:span 15 22)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1269.8.1) (:span 203 260))\n ((:id . :x1269.8.2) (:span 15 260)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1269.8) (:did . :|9952372|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|AbstractText|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011836@unknown@formal@none@1@S@High-level replication of human immunodeficiency virus in thymocytes requires NF-kappaB activation through interaction with thymic epithelial cells.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high-level") (:form . "High-level") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "replication") (:form . "replication") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "immunodeficiency") (:form . 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(:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1271.1) (:did . :|9973520|) (:did-type . :pmid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_abstract|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@15-2-2011 5011848@unknown@formal@none@1@S@CD44 is a ubiquitous molecule also known as hyaluronic acid or homing receptor.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CD44") (:form . "CD44") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 9) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ubiquitous") (:form . "ubiquitous") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "molecule") (:form . "molecule") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . 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(:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.6.1) (:span 74 76)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.6.1) (:span 74 149)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.6) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100006@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, performance of the tRNA prediction program on an unknown tRNA family, which may have atypical sequence and structure, is unclear, thereby rendering their result inconclusive.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "atypical") (:form . "atypical") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unclear") (:form . "unclear") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thereby") (:form . "thereby") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "render") (:form . "rendering") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inconclusive") (:form . "inconclusive") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.7.2) (:span 130 137)) ((:id . :x1.7.1) (:span 85 88)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.7.1) (:span 85 125)) ((:id . :x1.7.2) (:span 9 137)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.7) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100007@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A protein-level study will provide independent insight into the novel amino acid.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-level") (:form . "protein-level")\n (:end . 15) (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "independent") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insight") (:form . "insight") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.8) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100008@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Results@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "Results") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.9) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100010@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since our prediction method relies only on the conservation patterns of primary sequences, it also provides an opportunity to search novel selenoproteins and other readthrough proteins.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . 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"novel") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoproteins")\n (:end . 153) (:start . 139) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.11) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100011@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It successfully recovered many of currently known selenoproteins and pyrrolysine proteins.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . 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"proteins") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.12) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100012@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, no promising candidate for the 23rd amino acid was detected, and only one novel selenoprotein was predicted.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "promising") (:form . "promising") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidate") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . 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"novel") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoprotein")\n (:end . 102) (:start . 89) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.13.1) (:span 9 11)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.13.1) (:span 9 68)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.13) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100013@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conclusion@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "Conclusion") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.14) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100014@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our result suggests that the unknown amino acid encoded by stop codons does not exist, or its phylogenetic distribution is rather limited, which is in agreement with the previous study on tRNA.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggests") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . 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(:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.15.2) (:span 87 89)) ((:id . :x1.15.3) (:span 11 19)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1.15.1) (:span 76 79)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.15.2) (:span 25 137))\n ((:id . :x1.15.3) (:span 11 137)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.15.1) (:span 76 85)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.15) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100015@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The method described here can be used in future studies to explore novel readthrough events from complete genomes, which are rapidly growing.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . 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(:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.26) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100026@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The limited phylogenetic distribution of pyrrolysine suggests that its incorporation into the genetic code of methanogen is relatively recent, and the insertion mechanism of a novel amino acid can evolve in a shorter period of time than anticipated.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "limited") (:form . "limited") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "phylogenetic") (:form . "phylogenetic") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"NN") (:stem . "time") (:form . "time") (:end . 231) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 236) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "anticipate") (:form . "anticipated") (:end . 248)\n (:start . 237) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 249) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.27.1) (:span 193 196)) ((:id . :x1.27.2) (:span 53 61)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.27.1) (:span 193 248))\n ((:id . :x1.27.2) (:span 53 248)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.27) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100027@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This raises an interesting question:: ""Is there a 23rd amino acid"?".@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "raise") (:form . "raises") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.29) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100030@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since both the 21st and 22nd amino acids are encoded by stop codons, the prime suspect is other stop codons (e.g. stop codon UAA), although the possibility of sense codons certainly remains.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "21st") (:form . "21st") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "22nd") (:form . "22nd") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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",") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "although") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibility") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 158) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sense") (:form . "sense") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "certainly") (:form . "certainly") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remains") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.31) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100031@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using this clue, computational screening methods of the 23rd amino acid can be designed.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "clue") (:form . "clue") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "computational") (:form . "computational")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "screening") (:form . "screening") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "design") (:form . "designed") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.32) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100032@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Recently, Lobanov et al. addressed this problem by searching tRNAs with anticodons corresponding to stop codons 14.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "Recently") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Lobanov") (:form . "Lobanov") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "address") (:form . "addressed") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "problem") (:form . "problem") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searching") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "trna") (:form . "tRNAs") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "anticodon") (:form . "anticodons") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "14") (:form . "14") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.33) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100033@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They analyzed 146 prokaryotic genomes, but no likely tRNA of the novel amino acid was detected.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzed") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "146") (:form . "146") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prokaryotic") (:form . "prokaryotic") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "trna") (:form . "tRNA") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.34.1) (:span 43 45)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.34.1) (:span 43 94)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.34) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100034@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They concluded that the 23rd amino acid would have a limited phylogenetic distribution, if it exists.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "concluded") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "would") (:form . "would") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "limited") (:form . "limited") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "phylogenetic") (:form . "phylogenetic") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "exist") (:form . "exists") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.35.1) (:span 40 45)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.35.1) (:span 40 100)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.35) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100035@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, programs for tRNA identification are based on the features of known tRNAs and do not necessarily perform well on unknown ones.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "trna") (:form . "tRNA") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identification") (:form . "identification")\n (:end . 41) (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "known") (:form . "known") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "trna") (:form . "tRNAs") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "necessarily") (:form . "necessarily") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "perform") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . "unknown") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "one") (:form . "ones") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.36) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100036@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Actually, tRNASec and tRNAPyl have unusual secondary structures 515 and often escape detection by programs without special consideration.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "actually") (:form . "Actually") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "trnasec") (:form . "tRNASec") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "trnapyl") (:form . "tRNAPyl") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unusual") (:form . "unusual") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "secondary") (:form . "secondary") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structures") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "515") (:form . "515") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "often") (:form . "often") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "escape") (:form . "escape") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "detection") (:form . "detection") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "special") (:form . "special") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consideration") (:form . "consideration")\n (:end . 136) (:start . 123) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.37.1) (:span 107 114)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.37.1) (:span 107 136)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.37) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100037@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Lobanov et al. thus developed a sensitive search method to deal with this problem, but they also admitted that it would fail to identify highly unusual tRNAs.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Lobanov") (:form . "Lobanov") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "develop") (:form . "developed") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sensitive") (:form . "sensitive") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "deal") (:form . "deal") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "problem") (:form . "problem") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "admit") (:form . "admitted") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "would") (:form . "would") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "fail") (:form . "fail") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identify") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unusual") (:form . "unusual") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "trna") (:form . "tRNAs") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.38.2) (:span 114 119)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1.38.1) (:span 120 124)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.38.2) (:span 114 157)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.38.1) (:span 120 157)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.38) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100038@unknown@formal@none@1@S@There is another approach to searching for the 23rd amino acid.@(((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "There") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approach") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searching") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.39) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100040@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Because such an ORF-based study is independent from the tRNA analysis, it can either identify candidate organisms missed by the previous study or strengthen its negative conclusion.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "Because") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "orf-based") (:form . "ORF-based") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "independent") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "trna") (:form . "tRNA") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identify") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidate") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "miss") (:form . "missed") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "previous") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "strengthen") (:form . "strengthen") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 160) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "conclusion") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.41.1) (:span 78 84 143 145)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.41.1) (:span 78 180)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.41) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100041@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we report a comprehensive analysis of prokaryotic ORFs that contain an inframe stop codon.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "comprehensive") (:form . "comprehensive")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prokaryotic") (:form . "prokaryotic") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "orf") (:form . "ORFs") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.42) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100042@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Through enumeration of theoretical ORFs and inspection of their evolutionary conservation, candidates of readthrough proteins were predicted.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "Through") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enumeration") (:form . "enumeration") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "theoretical") (:form . "theoretical") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "orf") (:form . "ORFs") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inspection") (:form . "inspection") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "evolutionary") (:form . "evolutionary") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidates") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.43) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100043@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They contained many of the known proteins with stop-codon-encoded amino acids, but almost no novel candidates were identified.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contained") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "known") (:form . "known") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "stop-codon-encoded") (:form . "stop-codon-encoded")\n (:end . 65) (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "almost") (:form . "almost") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidates") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 114) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.44) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100044@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, the unknown amino acid, if it is encoded by a stop codon, is unlikely to exist in the current databases of microbial genomes.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . "unknown") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unlikely") (:form . "unlikely") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "exist") (:form . "exist") (:end . 89) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "current") (:form . "current") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "database") (:form . "databases") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "microbial") (:form . "microbial") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.45.1) (:span 72 80)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.45.1) (:span 11 135)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.45) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100045@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The consequences for selenoproteins and other readthrough genes are also discussed.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "consequence") (:form . "consequences") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoproteins")\n (:end . 35) (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discuss") (:form . "discussed") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.46) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100046@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Results@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "Results") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.47) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100047@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Basic ideas@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "basic") (:form . "Basic") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "idea") (:form . "ideas") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.48) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100048@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study, we focus on theoretical ORFs with one inframe stop codon, termed "interrupted ORFs" (iORFs) (Figure 1a).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "focus") (:form . "focus") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "theoretical") (:form . "theoretical") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "orf") (:form . "ORFs") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "term") (:form . "termed") (:end . 79) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "interrupted") (:form . "interrupted") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "orf") (:form . "ORFs") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1a") (:form . "1a") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.49) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100050@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, the vast majority of the enumerated iORFs will be biologically meaningless.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "vast") (:form . "vast") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "majority") (:form . "majority") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "enumerate") (:form . "enumerated") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "biologically") (:form . "biologically") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "meaningless") (:form . "meaningless") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.51) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100051@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To filter out such meaningless iORFs, we required the iORFs to have at least one homolog in other genomes, because evolutionary conservation of primary sequence is a strong indicator of functional importance.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filter") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RP") (:stem . "out") (:form . "out") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "meaningless") (:form . "meaningless") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homolog") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "evolutionary") (:form . "evolutionary") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "primary") (:form . "primary") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 163) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "strong") (:form . "strong") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "indicator") (:form . "indicator") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 185) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "functional") (:form . "functional") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "importance") (:form . "importance") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.52) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100052@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, this condition is not sufficient, since two major problems remain:: pseudogenes and two adjacent genes.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "condition") (:form . "condition") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sufficient") (:form . "sufficient") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "since") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "major") (:form . "major") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "problem") (:form . "problems") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remain") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pseudogene") (:form . "pseudogenes") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.53.1) (:span 27 30)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.53.1) (:span 27 41)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.53) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100053@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The first problem is that even if an iORF has homologs in other species, it could be a pseudogene or a product of sequencing error.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "problem") (:form . "problem") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "even") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pseudogene") (:form . "pseudogene") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "product") (:form . "product") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequencing") (:form . "sequencing") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "error") (:form . "error") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.54.1) (:span 98 100)) ((:id . :x1.54.2) (:span 76 81)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.54.1) (:span 85 130))\n ((:id . :x1.54.2) (:span 76 130)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.54) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100054@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The second problem is that adjacent genes on the same reading frame may satisfy the condition of conserved iORFs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "problem") (:form . "problem") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reading") (:form . "reading") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frame") (:form . "frame") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "satisfy") (:form . "satisfy") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "condition") (:form . "condition") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.55.1) (:span 68 71)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.55.1) (:span 68 112)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.55) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100055@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In particular, gene pairs within an operon are problematic because their gene arrangement is often conserved.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "particular") (:form . "particular") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "within") (:form . "within") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "operon") (:form . "operon") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "problematic") (:form . "problematic") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "arrangement") (:form . "arrangement") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "often") (:form . "often") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.56) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100056@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If the intergenic distance between two genes in an operon happens to be a multiple of three, they look like a conserved readthrough gene.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intergenic") (:form . "intergenic") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distance") (:form . "distance") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "operon") (:form . "operon") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "happen") (:form . "happens") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "look") (:form . "look") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "like") (:form . "like") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 136) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.57.1) (:span 98 107)) ((:id . :x1.57.2) (:span 58 65)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.57.1) (:span 98 136)) ((:id . :x1.57.2) (:span 3 91)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.57) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100057@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Basic ideas of the prediction method@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "basic") (:form . "Basic") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "idea") (:form . "ideas") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.58) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100058@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Basic ideas of the prediction method.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "basic") (:form . "Basic") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "idea") (:form . "ideas") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.59) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100060@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(b) Readthrough genes can be distinguished from two adjacent genes based on the results of BLAST searches.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "b") (:form . "b") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "Readthrough") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "distinguish") (:form . "distinguished") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 96) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.61) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100061@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Boxes denote iORFs, and × indicates the inframe stop codon.@(((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Box") (:form . "Boxes") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "denote") (:form . "denote") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "×") (:form . "×") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.62) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100062@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Shaded regions represent actual protein-coding regions.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "shaded") (:form . "Shaded") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represent") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "actual") (:form . "actual") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-coding") (:form . "protein-coding")\n (:end . 46) (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.63) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100063@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If an iORF codes a readthrough protein, BLAST hits from other organisms will cover the inframe stop codon.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "cod") (:form . "codes") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hit") (:form . "hits") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "cover") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.64) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100064@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, if the iORF consists of two adjacent genes, many hits that do not cover the inframe stop codon will be found.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "consist") (:form . "consists") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hit") (:form . "hits") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "cover") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.65.1) (:span 75 78)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.65.1) (:span 75 107)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.65) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100065@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To discriminate them from true readthrough genes, evolutionary information was exploited.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "discriminate") (:form . "discriminate") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "evolutionary") (:form . "evolutionary") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "information") (:form . "information") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "exploit") (:form . "exploited") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.66) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100066@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In order to eliminate pseudogenes and sequencing errors, conservation of iORFs and their inframe stop codons was examined.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "order") (:form . "order") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "eliminate") (:form . "eliminate") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pseudogene") (:form . "pseudogenes") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequencing") (:form . "sequencing") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "error") (:form . "errors") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examined") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.67) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100067@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since pseudogenes are less conserved, and sequencing errors are relatively rare events, they will not have homologous iORFs in other species.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pseudogene") (:form . "pseudogenes") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "less") (:form . "less") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequencing") (:form . "sequencing") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "error") (:form . "errors") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "relatively") (:form . "relatively") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rare") (:form . "rare") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "event") (:form . "events") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homologous") (:form . "homologous") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.68.1) (:span 98 101)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.68.1) (:span 98 140)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.68) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100068@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Even if they do, the position or type (UAA, UAG or UGA) of their inframe stop codons will not coincide.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "Even") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "type") (:form . "type") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "UAA") (:form . "UAA") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "UAG") (:form . "UAG") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "UGA") (:form . "UGA") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "coincide") (:form . "coincide") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.69.1) (:span 90 93)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.69.1) (:span 90 102)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.69) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100070@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A drawback of this criterion is that it limits the target of our study to readthrough genes conserved across two or more species.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "drawback") (:form . "drawback") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "criterion") (:form . "criterion") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "limit") (:form . "limits") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "target") (:form . "target") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "across") (:form . "across") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.71) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100071@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In other words, species-specific readthrough genes are not in the scope of this study.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "word") (:form . "words") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "species-specific") (:form . "species-specific")\n (:end . 32) (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scope") (:form . "scope") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.72.1) (:span 55 58)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.72.1) (:span 55 85)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.72) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100072@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To address the second problem, adjacent gene pairs were filtered out by examining boundaries of sequence alignments between iORFs and its homologs (Figure 1b).@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "address") (:form . "address") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "problem") (:form . "problem") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filtered") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RP") (:stem . "out") (:form . "out") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examining") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "boundary") (:form . "boundaries") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 137) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1b") (:form . "1b") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.73) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100073@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The stop-codon-encoded amino acids of prokaryotes are usually located inside domains, the units of evolutionary sequence conservation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "stop-codon-encoded") (:form . "stop-codon-encoded")\n (:end . 22) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prokaryote") (:form . "prokaryotes") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "usually") (:form . "usually") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "locate") (:form . "located") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "inside") (:form . "inside") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "unit") (:form . "units") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "evolutionary") (:form . "evolutionary") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.74) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100074@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, the aligned regions of readthrough proteins contain their inframe stop codon.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "aligned") (:form . "aligned") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.75) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100075@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Based on this observation, each iORF was required to have:: (i) at least one homolog from other organisms that covers the inframe stop codon and (ii) no homolog that does not cover the stop codon.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "Based") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observation") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "i") (:form . "i") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homolog") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "covers") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "ii") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homolog") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 174) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "cover") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 184) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 189) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.76.1) (:span 171 174))\n ((:id . :x1.76.2) (:span 150 152)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.76.1) (:span 171 195))\n ((:id . :x1.76.2) (:span 150 195)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.76) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100076@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Note that, however, if the whole length of an iORF was used as a query sequence, this procedure will erroneously discard multidomain readthrough proteins.@(((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "note") (:form . "Note") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "however") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "whole") (:form . "whole") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "query") (:form . "query") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "procedure") (:form . "procedure") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "erroneously") (:form . "erroneously") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "discard") (:form . "discard") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multidomain") (:form . "multidomain") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.77) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100077@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To avoid this problem, a partial sequence around the inframe stop codon was used as a query.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "avoid") (:form . "avoid") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "problem") (:form . "problem") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "partial") (:form . "partial") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "around") (:form . "around") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "query") (:form . "query") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.78) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100078@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Prediction procedure@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "Prediction") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "procedure") (:form . "procedure") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.79) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100080@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A total of 191 prokaryotes were analyzed in this study, of which 166 are bacteria and 25 are archaea.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 7) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "191") (:form . "191") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prokaryote") (:form . "prokaryotes") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzed") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 54) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "166") (:form . "166") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bacteria") (:form . "bacteria") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "25") (:form . "25") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "archaea") (:form . "archaea") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.81) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100081@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They were selected from 328 prokaryotes with completely sequenced genomes by excluding closely related species.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "select") (:form . "selected") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "328") (:form . "328") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prokaryote") (:form . "prokaryotes") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "completely") (:form . "completely") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequenced") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excluding") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "closely") (:form . "closely") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "related") (:form . "related") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.82) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100082@unknown@formal@none@1@S@From the genome sequences of the 191 organisms, all possible iORFs were enumerated.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "From") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "191") (:form . "191") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "enumerate") (:form . "enumerated") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.83) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100083@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Two conditions were imposed on the geometry of the iORFs (Figure 1a).@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "Two") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "condition") (:form . "conditions") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "impose") (:form . "imposed") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "geometry") (:form . "geometry") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1a") (:form . "1a") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.84) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100084@unknown@formal@none@1@S@First, only iORFs longer than 80 codons were extracted.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "first") (:form . "First") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "long") (:form . "longer") (:end . 24) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "80") (:form . "80") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "extract") (:form . "extracted") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.85) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100085@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Secondly, margins between the inframe stop codon and both termini of the iORF must be longer than 10 codons.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "secondly") (:form . "Secondly") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "margin") (:form . "margins") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "termini") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "must") (:form . "must") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "long") (:form . "longer") (:end . 92) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.86) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100086@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The total number of iORFs extracted under these conditions was 2,969,958.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "extract") (:form . "extracted") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "under") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "condition") (:form . "conditions") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2,969,958") (:form . "2,969,958") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.87) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100087@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Next, iORFs that overlap RNA genes or protein-coding genes in different reading frames were discarded.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "next") (:form . "Next") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlap") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-coding") (:form . "protein-coding")\n (:end . 52) (:start . 38) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reading") (:form . "reading") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "frame") (:form . "frames") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discard") (:form . "discarded") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.88) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100088@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This test significantly reduced the number of iORFs to 390,926.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 23) (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "reduce") (:form . "reduced") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "390,926") (:form . "390,926") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.89) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100090@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A flowchart of the prediction procedure.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "flowchart") (:form . "flowchart") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "procedure") (:form . "procedure") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.91) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100091@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Several steps are omitted for simplicity.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "Several") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "step") (:form . "steps") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "omit") (:form . "omitted") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "simplicity") (:form . "simplicity") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.92) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100092@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Detailed explanation is given in the text.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "detailed") (:form . "Detailed") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "explanation") (:form . "explanation") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "text") (:form . "text") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.93) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100093@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As noted above, the target of this study is evolutionarily conserved iORFs.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "note") (:form . "noted") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "target") (:form . "target") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "evolutionarily") (:form . "evolutionarily")\n (:end . 58) (:start . 44) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 74) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.94) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100094@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, it was examined whether the iORFs have homologous regions in other genomes.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examined") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homologous") (:form . "homologous") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.95.1) (:span 22 29)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.95.1) (:span 22 80)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.95) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100095@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The 390,926 iORFs were translated into amino acid sequences and subjected to TBLASTN 16 against the 191 genome sequences.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "390,926") (:form . "390,926") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "translate") (:form . "translated") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "subject") (:form . "subjected") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TBLASTN") (:form . "TBLASTN") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "16") (:form . "16") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "191") (:form . "191") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.96) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100096@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Instead of the whole length of the amino acid sequence, a window of 101 residues centered at the inframe stop codon was used as a BLAST query.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "instead") (:form . "Instead") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "whole") (:form . "whole") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "window") (:form . "window") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "101") (:form . "101") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "center") (:form . "centered") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "query") (:form . "query") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.97.1) (:span 0 10)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.97.1) (:span 0 54)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.97) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100097@unknown@formal@none@1@S@After the BLAST searches, iORFs that have at least one interspecific hit that contains the inframe stop codon were collected.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "After") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "interspecific") (:form . "interspecific")\n (:end . 68) (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hit") (:form . "hit") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 114) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "collect") (:form . "collected") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.98) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100098@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Whether the codon aligned to the inframe stop codon is a nonsense codon or not was neglected at this stage.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "Whether") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "align") (:form . "aligned") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonsense") (:form . "nonsense") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "neglect") (:form . "neglected") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stage") (:form . "stage") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.99.2) (:span 72 74)) ((:id . :x1.99.3) (:span 0 7)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1.99.1) (:span 75 78)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.99.2) (:span 55 78)) ((:id . :x1.99.3) (:span 0 78)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.99.1) (:span 75 78)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.99) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100100@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The result of the above homology searches was also used for the boundary analysis (Figure 1b).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homology") (:form . "homology") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "boundary") (:form . "boundary") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1b") (:form . "1b") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.101) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100101@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An iORF was discarded if there were any BLAST hits that do not cover the inframe stop codon.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "An") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discard") (:form . "discarded") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hit") (:form . "hits") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "cover") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.102.1) (:span 59 62)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.102.1) (:span 59 91)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.102) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100102@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A total of 26,003 iORF satisfied the above criteria.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 7) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "26,003") (:form . "26,003") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "satisfy") (:form . "satisfied") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "criterion") (:form . "criteria") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.103) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100103@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To examine intrafamily conservation of the inframe stop codons, these iORFs were clustered into protein families based on sequence similarity.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examine") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "intrafamily") (:form . "intrafamily") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clustered") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.104) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100104@unknown@formal@none@1@S@After removal of singletons, 679 clusters with two or more members were obtained.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "After") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "removal") (:form . "removal") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "singleton") (:form . "singletons") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "679") (:form . "679") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "member") (:form . "members") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtained") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.105) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100105@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A cluster was discarded unless all members of the cluster had the same type of inframe stop codons (UAA, UAG or UGA).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discard") (:form . "discarded") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "unless") (:form . "unless") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "member") (:form . "members") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "type") (:form . "type") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "UAA") (:form . "UAA") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "UAG") (:form . "UAG") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "UGA") (:form . "UGA") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.106) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100106@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The locations of the inframe stop codons were also required to be identical in the multiple sequence alignment of the cluster members.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "location") (:form . "locations") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "member") (:form . "members") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.107) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100107@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These conditions reduced the number of clusters to 273.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "condition") (:form . "conditions") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "reduce") (:form . "reduced") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "273") (:form . "273") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.108) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100108@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Manual inspection of these 273 clusters revealed that they still contain many false positives that are unrelated to stop-codon-encoded amino acids.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "manual") (:form . "Manual") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inspection") (:form . "inspection") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "273") (:form . "273") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "reveal") (:form . "revealed") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "still") (:form . "still") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positives") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unrelated") (:form . "unrelated") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "stop-codon-encoded") (:form . "stop-codon-encoded")\n (:end . 134) (:start . 116) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.109) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100110@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Briefly, the first filter assesses protein-likeliness based on the signal of purifying selection, while the second and third filters try to remove adjacent gene pairs using the pattern of BLAST alignments (for details, see Materials and Methods).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Briefly") (:form . "Briefly") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filter") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "assess") (:form . "assesses") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein-likeliness") (:form . "protein-likeliness")\n (:end . 53) (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signal") (:form . "signal") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "purify") (:form . "purifying") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selection") (:form . "selection") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third") (:form . "third") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filters") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "try") (:form . "try") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "remove") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 160) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 172) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 176) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pattern") (:form . "pattern") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 187) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 209) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "detail") (:form . "details") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 222) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Material") (:form . "Materials") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 223) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 236) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 244)\n (:start . 237) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 245) (:start . 244)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 246) (:start . 245)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.111) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100111@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As a result of the filtering, the number of candidate clusters was reduced to 32.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 4) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "filtering") (:form . "filtering") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidate") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "reduce") (:form . "reduced") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "32") (:form . "32") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.112) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100112@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Through manual inspection of the BLAST alignments, 11 clusters were discarded because they are highly unlikely to code readthrough proteins.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "Through") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "manual") (:form . "manual") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inspection") (:form . "inspection") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "11") (:form . "11") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discard") (:form . "discarded") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unlikely") (:form . "unlikely") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "code") (:form . "code") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.113.1) (:span 102 110)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.113.1) (:span 86 139)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.113) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100113@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Known proteins in the predicted clusters@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "known") (:form . "Known") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.114) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100114@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The clusters predicted by our method are summarized in Table 1.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "summarize") (:form . "summarized") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.115) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100115@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Of the 21 clusters, 15 were known selenoproteins, and four were known pyrrolysine proteins.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "Of") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "15") (:form . "15") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoproteins")\n (:end . 48) (:start . 34) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolysine") (:form . "pyrrolysine") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.116) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100116@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To assess the sensitivity of our method, the result was compared with a list of prokaryotic selenoproteins reported by Kryukov and Gladyshev 12.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "assess") (:form . "assess") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sensitivity") (:form . "sensitivity") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "list") (:form . "list") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prokaryotic") (:form . "prokaryotic") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoproteins")\n (:end . 106) (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Kryukov") (:form . "Kryukov") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gladyshev") (:form . "Gladyshev") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "12") (:form . "12") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.117) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100117@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since our target is readthrough genes conserved across two or more species, such selenoprotein families were selected from their list.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "target") (:form . "target") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "across") (:form . "across") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoprotein")\n (:end . 94) (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 108) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "select") (:form . "selected") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "list") (:form . "list") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.118) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100118@unknown@formal@none@1@S@There were 15 families satisfying this criterion, but one family, proline reductase, was excluded because it was found in only one organism in our dataset.@(((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "There") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "15") (:form . "15") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "satisfy") (:form . "satisfying") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "criterion") (:form . "criterion") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proline") (:form . "proline") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reductase") (:form . "reductase") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excluded") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 126) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.119) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100120@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The three families we failed to find were SelW-like protein, peroxiredoxin and thiol:protein disulphide oxidoreductase.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "fail") (:form . "failed") (:end . 28) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "find") (:form . "find") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "selw-like") (:form . "SelW-like") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "peroxiredoxin") (:form . "peroxiredoxin")\n (:end . 74) (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "thiol:protein") (:form . "thiol:protein")\n (:end . 92) (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "disulphide") (:form . "disulphide") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "oxidoreductase") (:form . "oxidoreductase")\n (:end . 118) (:start . 104) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.121.1) (:span 22 28)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.121.1) (:span 22 36)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.121) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100121@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SelW-like protein was below the threshold of detection, because its stop codon is near the N-terminus and the amino acid sequences of its members are too divergent.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "selw-like") (:form . "SelW-like") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "below") (:form . "below") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "detection") (:form . "detection") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "near") (:form . "near") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N-terminus") (:form . "N-terminus") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 133) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 137) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "member") (:form . "members") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "too") (:form . "too") (:end . 153) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "divergent") (:form . "divergent") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.122) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100122@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The reason why the two other families were not detected is more complex.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reason") (:form . "reason") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "why") (:form . "why") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.123.1) (:span 43 46)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.123.1) (:span 15 55)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.123) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100123@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since these two families are homologous, they were grouped into an identical cluster at the clustering stage of our method.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homologous") (:form . "homologous") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "group") (:form . "grouped") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "clustering") (:form . "clustering") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stage") (:form . "stage") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.124) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100124@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, the positions of selenocysteine were different between the two families (Figure 3).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 40) (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.125) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100125@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The cluster was thus discarded because of an apparent lack of stop codon conservation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discard") (:form . "discarded") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apparent") (:form . "apparent") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lack") (:form . "lack") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.126.2) (:span 45 53)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1.126.1) (:span 54 58)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.126.2) (:span 45 85)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.126.1) (:span 54 85)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.126) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100126@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To deal with a situation like this, a reexamination of the clustering threshold and subdivision of clusters will be required.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "deal") (:form . "deal") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "situation") (:form . "situation") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "like") (:form . "like") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reexamination") (:form . "reexamination")\n (:end . 51) (:start . 38) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "clustering") (:form . "clustering") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subdivision") (:form . "subdivision") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.127) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100127@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Predicted clusters of readthrough proteins@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "Predicted") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.128) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100128@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A plus sign in a locus indicates that the genomic coordinates of the iORF can be described by a concatenation of two genes or regions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "plus") (:form . "plus") (:end . 6) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sign") (:form . "sign") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "locus") (:form . "locus") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genomic") (:form . "genomic") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "coordinate") (:form . "coordinates") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "concatenation") (:form . "concatenation")\n (:end . 109) (:start . 96) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.129.1) (:span 123 125))\n ((:id . :x1.129.2) (:span 23 37)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.129.1) (:span 117 133))\n ((:id . :x1.129.2) (:span 23 133)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.129) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100130@unknown@formal@none@1@S@HesB family was not clustered into one family, because their sequences were too short and diverged.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HesB") (:form . "HesB") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clustered") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "too") (:form . "too") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "short") (:form . "short") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diverged") (:form . "diverged") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.131.1) (:span 16 19)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.131.1) (:span 0 45)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.131) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100131@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Selenoprotein families we failed to detect because of nonconserved location of stop codons@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Selenoprotein") (:form . "Selenoprotein")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "fail") (:form . "failed") (:end . 32) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detect") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonconserved") (:form . "nonconserved") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "location") (:form . "location") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.132.1) (:span 26 32)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.132.1) (:span 0 42)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.132) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100132@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Selenoprotein families we failed to detect because of nonconserved location of stop codons.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Selenoprotein") (:form . "Selenoprotein")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "fail") (:form . "failed") (:end . 32) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detect") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonconserved") (:form . "nonconserved") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "location") (:form . "location") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.133.1) (:span 26 32)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.133.1) (:span 0 42)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.133) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100133@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Selenocysteine residues of Peroxiredoxin-like protein families constitute homologous redox motifs (TXXU and UXXC), but their positions are different between two families.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Selenocysteine") (:form . "Selenocysteine")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "peroxiredoxin-like") (:form . "Peroxiredoxin-like")\n (:end . 45) (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "constitute") (:form . "constitute") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homologous") (:form . "homologous") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "redox") (:form . "redox") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TXXU") (:form . "TXXU") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "UXXC") (:form . "UXXC") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 138) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 160) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.134) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100134@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Columns are colored according to sequence conservation.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "column") (:form . "Columns") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "color") (:form . "colored") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "accord") (:form . "according") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.135) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100135@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Selenocysteine residues are shown in red, and the other residues in the redox motifs are shown in yellow.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Selenocysteine") (:form . "Selenocysteine")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "redox") (:form . "redox") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yellow") (:form . "yellow") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.136) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100136@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Prx; Peroxiredoxin, TPO; thiol:protein disulphide oxidereductase, Adeh; Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans, Gmet; Geobacter metallireducens, Gsul; G. sulfurreducens, Dpsy; Desulfotalea psychrophila.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Prx") (:form . "Prx") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 4) (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Peroxiredoxin") (:form . "Peroxiredoxin")\n (:end . 18) (:start . 5) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPO") (:form . "TPO") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "thiol:protein") (:form . "thiol:protein")\n (:end . 38) (:start . 25) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "disulphide") (:form . "disulphide") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "oxidereductase") (:form . "oxidereductase")\n (:end . 64) (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Adeh") (:form . "Adeh") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Anaeromyxobacter") (:form . "Anaeromyxobacter")\n (:end . 88) (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dehalogenan") (:form . "dehalogenans") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gmet") (:form . "Gmet") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Geobacter") (:form . "Geobacter") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "metallireducen") (:form . "metallireducens")\n (:end . 134) (:start . 119) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gsul") (:form . "Gsul") (:end . 140) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G.") (:form . "G.") (:end . 144) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "sulfurreducen") (:form . "sulfurreducens")\n (:end . 159) (:start . 145) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dpsy") (:form . "Dpsy") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Desulfotalea") (:form . "Desulfotalea")\n (:end . 179) (:start . 167) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psychrophila") (:form . "psychrophila") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.137) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100137@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The alignments were computed using ClustalW, and the figures were generated using Jalview.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compute") (:form . "computed") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ClustalW") (:form . "ClustalW") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "figure") (:form . "figures") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Jalview") (:form . "Jalview") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.138) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100138@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Of the four pyrrolysine proteins detected, three methylamine methyltransferases have been experimentally confirmed to contain pyrrolysine 617.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "Of") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolysine") (:form . "pyrrolysine") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "methylamine") (:form . "methylamine") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "methyltransferas") (:form . "methyltransferases")\n (:end . 79) (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "experimentally") (:form . "experimentally")\n (:end . 104) (:start . 90) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "confirm") (:form . "confirmed") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolysine") (:form . "pyrrolysine") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "617") (:form . "617") (:end . 141) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.139) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100140@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since the genome annotation of M. acetivorans describes this protein as a gene containing an inframe amber codon, we classified it as a ''known'' candidate, although it is still unclear whether it really contains pyrrolysine.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "annotation") (:form . "annotation") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "M.") (:form . "M.") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acetivoran") (:form . "acetivorans") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "describes") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "containing") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amber") (:form . "amber") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "classify") (:form . "classified") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 133) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "“") (:form . "“") (:end . 135) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "known") (:form . "known") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "”") (:form . "”") (:end . 143) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidate") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "although") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 168) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 171) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "still") (:form . "still") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unclear") (:form . "unclear") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 196) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "really") (:form . "really") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 212)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolysine") (:form . "pyrrolysine") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 213) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.141.1) (:span 186 193))\n ((:id . :x1.141.2) (:span 178 185)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.141.1) (:span 186 224))\n ((:id . :x1.141.2) (:span 178 224)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.141) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100141@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The genome annotation of M. acetivorans also includes several amber-containing genes that were absent from our prediction result.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "annotation") (:form . "annotation") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "M.") (:form . "M.") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acetivoran") (:form . "acetivorans") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "include") (:form . "includes") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amber-containing") (:form . "amber-containing")\n (:end . 78) (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "absent") (:form . "absent") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.142.1) (:span 95 101)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.142.1) (:span 85 128)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.142) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100142@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They are a methlycobamide:CoM methylase and four transposases 18.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "methlycobamide:CoM") (:form . "methlycobamide:CoM")\n (:end . 29) (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "methylase") (:form . "methylase") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposas") (:form . "transposases") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "18") (:form . "18") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.143) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100143@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The reason why they were not detected is that only one species in our dataset had an amber-containing form of these proteins.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reason") (:form . "reason") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "why") (:form . "why") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amber-containing") (:form . "amber-containing")\n (:end . 101) (:start . 85) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 109) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.144.1) (:span 25 28)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.144.1) (:span 15 37)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.144) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100144@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is unavoidable because of the inability of our method to detect species-specific readthrough events.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unavoidable") (:form . "unavoidable") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inability") (:form . "inability") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detect") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "species-specific") (:form . "species-specific")\n (:end . 85) (:start . 69) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "event") (:form . "events") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.145) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100145@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is the price for reliably excluding pseudogenes and sequencing errors.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "price") (:form . "price") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "reliably") (:form . "reliably") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excluding") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pseudogene") (:form . "pseudogenes") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequencing") (:form . "sequencing") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "error") (:form . "errors") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.146) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100146@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Unknown candidates in the predicted clusters@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . "Unknown") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidates") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.147) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100147@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The successful detection of many known proteins is encouraging, because our method relies only on general properties of proteins that contain stop-codon-encoded amino acids, but not on specific features of selenocysteine or pyrrolysine.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "successful") (:form . "successful") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "detection") (:form . "detection") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "known") (:form . "known") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "encourage") (:form . "encouraging") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "rely") (:form . "relies") (:end . 89) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "general") (:form . "general") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "property") (:form . "properties") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "stop-codon-encoded") (:form . "stop-codon-encoded")\n (:end . 160) (:start . 142) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 177) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 181) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 184) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 205) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 220) (:start . 206) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 223) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolysine") (:form . "pyrrolysine") (:end . 235)\n (:start . 224) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 236) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.148.1) (:span 178 181)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.148.1) (:span 178 235)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.148) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100148@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, unknown clusters in our candidates have possibilities for the 23rd amino acid or novel readthrough proteins.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . "unknown") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidates") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibilities") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.149) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100150@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The first cluster is comprised of c-type cytochromes from δ-proteobacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens and G. metallireducens.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "comprise") (:form . "comprised") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-type") (:form . "c-type") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cytochrome") (:form . "cytochromes") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "δ-proteobacteria") (:form . "δ-proteobacteria")\n (:end . 74) (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Geobacter") (:form . "Geobacter") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sulfurreducen") (:form . "sulfurreducens")\n (:end . 99) (:start . 85) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G.") (:form . "G.") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "metallireducen") (:form . "metallireducens")\n (:end . 122) (:start . 107) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.151) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100151@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The N-terminal part of the sequence contains five CXXCH heme-biding motifs, while the C-terminal part has no similarity with any characterized proteins.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . "part") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "five") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CXXCH") (:form . "CXXCH") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "heme-biding") (:form . "heme-biding") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . "part") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 128) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterized")\n (:end . 142) (:start . 129) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.152.1) (:span 106 108)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.152.1) (:span 106 151)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.152) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100152@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Homology search against unfinished microbial genomes identified seven homologous proteins from four other δ-proteobacteria species.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Homology") (:form . "Homology") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unfinished") (:form . "unfinished") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "microbial") (:form . "microbial") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "seven") (:form . "seven") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homologous") (:form . "homologous") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "δ-proteobacteria") (:form . "δ-proteobacteria")\n (:end . 122) (:start . 106) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.153) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100153@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Multiple sequence alignment of these sequences is shown in Figure 4a.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "Multiple") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "4a") (:form . "4a") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.154) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100154@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Multiple sequence alignments of novel candidate proteins@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "Multiple") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidate") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.155) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100155@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Multiple sequence alignments of novel candidate proteins.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "Multiple") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidate") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.156) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100156@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(a) A selenoprotein candidate from Geobacter sulfurreducens and its homologs.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoprotein")\n (:end . 19) (:start . 6) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidate") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Geobacter") (:form . "Geobacter") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sulfurreducen") (:form . "sulfurreducens")\n (:end . 59) (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.157) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100157@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The possible selenocysteine residues are shown in red, and putative heme-binding motifs are underlined.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 27) (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "putative") (:form . "putative") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "heme-binding") (:form . "heme-binding") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "underline") (:form . "underlined") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.158.1) (:span 59 67)) ((:id . :x1.158.2) (:span 4 12)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.158.1) (:span 59 87)) ((:id . :x1.158.2) (:span 4 36)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.158) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100158@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Note that sequence conservation near the selenocysteine is comparable to that of the N-terminal cytochrome domain.@(((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "note") (:form . "Note") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "near") (:form . "near") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 55) (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "comparable") (:form . "comparable") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cytochrome") (:form . "cytochrome") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.159) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100160@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It will be either a sequencing error or a pseudogene.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequencing") (:form . "sequencing") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "error") (:form . "error") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pseudogene") (:form . "pseudogene") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.161.1) (:span 11 17 37 39)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.161.1) (:span 11 52)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.161) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100161@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Gsul; G. sulfurreducens, Gmet; G. metallireducens, Gura; G. uraniumreducens, Gfrc; Geobacter sp. FRC-32, Dace; Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, Dpro; Delta proteobacterium MLMS-1.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gsul") (:form . "Gsul") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G.") (:form . "G.") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "sulfurreducen") (:form . "sulfurreducens")\n (:end . 23) (:start . 9) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gmet") (:form . "Gmet") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G.") (:form . "G.") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "metallireducen") (:form . "metallireducens")\n (:end . 49) (:start . 34) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gura") (:form . "Gura") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G.") (:form . "G.") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "uraniumreducen") (:form . "uraniumreducens")\n (:end . 75) (:start . 60) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gfrc") (:form . "Gfrc") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Geobacter") (:form . "Geobacter") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "sp.") (:form . "sp.") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FRC-32") (:form . "FRC-32") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dace") (:form . "Dace") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Desulfuromonas") (:form . "Desulfuromonas")\n (:end . 125) (:start . 111) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acetoxidan") (:form . "acetoxidans") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dpro") (:form . "Dpro") (:end . 143) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Delta") (:form . "Delta") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proteobacterium") (:form . "proteobacterium")\n (:end . 166) (:start . 151) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mlms-1") (:form . "MLMS-1") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.162) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100162@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(b) Hypothetical proteins from Geobacter species.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b") (:form . "b") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hypothetical") (:form . "Hypothetical") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Geobacter") (:form . "Geobacter") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.163) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100163@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The inframe stop codons (TAG) are shown in red.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAG") (:form . "TAG") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.164) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100164@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This cluster is probably an artifact of close phylogenetic relationship.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "probably") (:form . "probably") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "artifact") (:form . "artifact") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "close") (:form . "close") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "phylogenetic") (:form . "phylogenetic") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "relationship") (:form . "relationship") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.165.1) (:span 16 24)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.165.1) (:span 16 71)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.165) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100165@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We expect that this cluster may represent a novel selenoprotein family.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expect") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represent") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoprotein")\n (:end . 63) (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.166.1) (:span 28 31)) ((:id . :x1.166.2) (:span 3 9)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.166.1) (:span 28 70)) ((:id . :x1.166.2) (:span 3 70)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.166) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100166@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is because the inframe stop codons of these proteins are exclusively TGA, and all of the above organisms possess selenocysteine insertion machinery (data not shown).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "exclusively") (:form . "exclusively") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TGA") (:form . "TGA") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 99) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "possess") (:form . "possess") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 132) (:start . 118) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . "insertion") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "machinery") (:form . "machinery") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 162) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.167.1) (:span 159 162)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.167.1) (:span 153 169)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.167) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100167@unknown@formal@none@1@S@High conservation of residues near the inframe stop codon also suggests the importance of this region.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "High") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "near") (:form . "near") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggests") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "importance") (:form . "importance") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.168.1) (:span 63 71)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.168.1) (:span 63 101)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.168) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100168@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If they are true selenoproteins, this protein family becomes a rare instance of selenoprotein that lacks non-selenocysteine homologs.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoproteins")\n (:end . 31) (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "become") (:form . "becomes") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rare") (:form . "rare") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "instance") (:form . "instance") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoprotein")\n (:end . 93) (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "lack") (:form . "lacks") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-selenocysteine") (:form . "non-selenocysteine")\n (:end . 123) (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.169.1) (:span 99 104)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.169.1) (:span 99 132)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.169) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100170@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, yet another possibility is that they are a highly conserved operon.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "yet") (:form . "yet") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibility") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "operon") (:form . "operon") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.171.1) (:span 23 34)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.171.1) (:span 23 77)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.171) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100171@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An experimental verification is necessary to distinguish these two possibilities.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "An") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "verification") (:form . "verification") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "necessary") (:form . "necessary") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "distinguish") (:form . "distinguish") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibilities") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.172) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100172@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The second cluster consists of two hypothetical proteins, again from G. sulfurreducens and G. metallireducens (Figure 4b).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "consist") (:form . "consists") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hypothetical") (:form . "hypothetical") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "again") (:form . "again") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G.") (:form . "G.") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "sulfurreducens") (:form . "sulfurreducens")\n (:end . 86) (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G.") (:form . "G.") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "metallireducen") (:form . "metallireducens")\n (:end . 109) (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "4b") (:form . "4b") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.173) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100173@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast to the first cluster, no homolog was identified from other species.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homolog") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.174.1) (:span 34 36)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.174.1) (:span 34 78)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.174) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100174@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This cluster is probably a false positive and not readthrough proteins.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "probably") (:form . "probably") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.175.2) (:span 16 24)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1.175.1) (:span 46 49)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.175.2) (:span 16 70)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.175.1) (:span 46 70)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.175) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100175@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is because the residues near the inframe stop codons are poorly conserved.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "near") (:form . "near") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "poorly") (:form . "poorly") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.176) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100176@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, the C-terminal extensions are quite short (about 20 aa).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "extension") (:form . "extensions") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "quite") (:form . "quite") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "short") (:form . "short") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "20") (:form . "20") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aa") (:form . "aa") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.177) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100177@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The sequence conservation in this region can be easily explained by the close phylogenetic relationship between the two species.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "easily") (:form . "easily") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "explain") (:form . "explained") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "close") (:form . "close") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "phylogenetic") (:form . "phylogenetic") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "relationship") (:form . "relationship") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.178) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100178@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In summary, although a possible selenoprotein was newly identified, there was no promising candidate for an unknown amino acid encoded by a stop codon.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "summary") (:form . "summary") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "although") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoprotein")\n (:end . 45) (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "newly") (:form . "newly") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "promising") (:form . "promising") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidate") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . "unknown") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 126) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 144) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.179.1) (:span 78 80)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.179.1) (:span 78 150)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.179) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100180@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The above negative result could be explained if the filtering process, which is the final step of the prediction method (Figure 2), was too strict.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "explain") (:form . "explained") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filtering") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "process") (:form . "process") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "final") (:form . "final") (:end . 89) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "step") (:form . "step") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "too") (:form . "too") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "strict") (:form . "strict") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.181.1) (:span 26 31)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.181.1) (:span 0 146)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.181) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100181@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although the raw output of the search for evolutionarily conserved iORFs was 273 clusters, most of them were discarded at the subsequent filtering stage.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "raw") (:form . "raw") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "output") (:form . "output") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "evolutionarily") (:form . "evolutionarily")\n (:end . 56) (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "273") (:form . "273") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 108) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discard") (:form . "discarded") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "subsequent") (:form . "subsequent") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "filtering") (:form . "filtering") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stage") (:form . "stage") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.182) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100182@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Because we have no a priori knowledge about the 23rd amino acid, cutoff thresholds for the filtering procedures were determined based on the known readthrough proteins.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "Because") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "priori") (:form . "priori") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "knowledge") (:form . "knowledge") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cutoff") (:form . "cutoff") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "thresholds") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filtering") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "procedure") (:form . "procedures") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determined") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.183.1) (:span 16 18)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.183.1) (:span 16 63)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.183) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100183@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is practically indispensable for objective classification of candidates, but there is no guarantee that unknown proteins with the 23rd amino acid will score higher than the thresholds.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "practically") (:form . "practically") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "indispensable") (:form . "indispensable")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "classification") (:form . "classification")\n (:end . 62) (:start . 48) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidates") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "guarantee") (:form . "guarantee") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 108) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . "unknown") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 150) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 155) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 173) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 177) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "thresholds") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.184.1) (:span 91 103)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.184.1) (:span 91 188)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.184) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100184@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To explore whether a number of good candidates lie below the thresholds, the 273 clusters were analyzed in a way independent from filtering.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "explore") (:form . "explore") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "good") (:form . "good") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidates") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "lie") (:form . "lie") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "below") (:form . "below") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "thresholds") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "273") (:form . "273") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzed") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "way") (:form . "way") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "independent") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filtering") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.185.1) (:span 11 18)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.185.1) (:span 11 71)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.185) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100185@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If an organism has many readthrough proteins, proteins from the organism will frequently appear in the 273 clusters.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "frequently") (:form . "frequently") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appear") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "273") (:form . "273") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.186) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100186@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, relative usage of the inframe stop codons will deviate from that of usual termination signals in the proteome.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "usage") (:form . "usage") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "deviate") (:form . "deviate") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "usual") (:form . "usual") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "termination") (:form . "termination") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "signal") (:form . "signals") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proteome") (:form . "proteome") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.187) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100187@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Figure 5 shows the discrepancies between relative usage of the inframe and C-terminal stop codons of 127 organisms in the pre-filtering clusters.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "discrepancy") (:form . "discrepancies") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "usage") (:form . "usage") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "127") (:form . "127") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pre-filtering") (:form . "pre-filtering")\n (:end . 135) (:start . 122) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.188) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100188@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Only seven organisms had statistically significant discrepancies (P < 0.05), and all of them are known to utilize selenocysteine or pyrrolysine.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "Only") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "seven") (:form . "seven") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "statistically") (:form . "statistically")\n (:end . 38) (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "discrepancy") (:form . "discrepancies") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p") (:form . "P") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.05") (:form . "0.05") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 102) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "utilize") (:form . "utilize") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 128) (:start . 114) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolysine") (:form . "pyrrolysine") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.189) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100190@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Discrepancies of stop codon usages between the inframe and C-terminal stop codons.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "discrepancy") (:form . "Discrepancies") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "usage") (:form . "usages") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.191) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100191@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The inframe stop codon usage is taken from the pre-filtering clusters, and the C-terminal usage is computed based on the annotated proteins of the organism.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "usage") (:form . "usage") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "taken") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pre-filtering") (:form . "pre-filtering")\n (:end . 60) (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "usage") (:form . "usage") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compute") (:form . "computed") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "annotated") (:form . "annotated") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.192) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100192@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Red circle: an organism with pyrrolysine, blue; selenocysteine, yellow; both pyrrolysine and selenocysteine, white; neither pyrrolysine nor selenocysteine.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "Red") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "circle") (:form . "circle") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolysine") (:form . "pyrrolysine") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "blue") (:form . "blue") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 62) (:start . 48) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "yellow") (:form . "yellow") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolysine") (:form . "pyrrolysine") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 107) (:start . 93) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "white") (:form . "white") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "neither") (:form . "neither") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolysine") (:form . "pyrrolysine") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "nor") (:form . "nor") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 154) (:start . 140) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.193.1) (:span 116 123 136 139)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.193.1) (:span 116 154)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.193) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100193@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The organisms are ordered by their discrepancy scores.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "order") (:form . "ordered") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "discrepancy") (:form . "discrepancy") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.194) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100194@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The discrepancy score is the negative logarithm of a p-value of Fisher's exact test.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "discrepancy") (:form . "discrepancy") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "logarithm") (:form . "logarithm") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p-value") (:form . "p-value") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Fisher") (:form . "Fisher") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "exact") (:form . "exact") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.195) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100195@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The dotted line indicates significance level 0.05 after a correction for multiple testing.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "dot") (:form . "dotted") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "line") (:form . "line") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "significance") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.05") (:form . "0.05") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "after") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correction") (:form . "correction") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "testing") (:form . "testing") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.196) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100196@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When top ten organisms were examined, only Gluconobacter oxydans was an organism not known to have stop-codon-encoded amino acids.@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "top") (:form . "top") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ten") (:form . "ten") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examined") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gluconobacter") (:form . "Gluconobacter")\n (:end . 56) (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "oxydan") (:form . "oxydans") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "stop-codon-encode") (:form . "stop-codon-encoded")\n (:end . 117) (:start . 99) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.197.1) (:span 81 84)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.197.1) (:span 81 129)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.197) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100197@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An inspection of the G. oxydans iORFs in the 273 clusters revealed that their inframe stop codons are dominated by TAA, but all of them belong to a single protein cluster associated with transposable elements.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "An") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inspection") (:form . "inspection") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G.") (:form . "G.") 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(:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.199.2) (:span 137 147)) ((:id . :x1.199.3) (:span 17 25))\n ((:id . :x1.199.4) (:span 11 16)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1.199.1) (:span 127 133)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.199.2) (:span 113 190))\n ((:id . :x1.199.3) (:span 17 111)) ((:id . :x1.199.4) (:span 11 111)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.199.1) (:span 113 190)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.199) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100200@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, the result agrees with the filtering-dependent analysis that no candidate of the novel stop-codon-encoded amino acid is detectable in the current dataset.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.203) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100203@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Most of them are aimed at identification of selenoproteins, reflecting concerns from the scientific community and accumulated knowledge on selenocysteine.@(((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "Most") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "aim") (:form . "aimed") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identification") (:form . 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"of") (:end . 188) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 203) (:start . 189) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.205) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100205@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, since the target of this study is the 23rd amino acid, and there is no a priori knowledge, only general properties of stop-codon-encoded amino acids can be used for prediction.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "since") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "target") (:form . "target") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "priori") (:form . "priori") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "knowledge") (:form . "knowledge") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "general") (:form . "general") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "property") (:form . "properties") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "stop-codon-encoded") (:form . "stop-codon-encoded")\n (:end . 145) (:start . 127) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 169) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 173) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.206.1) (:span 77 79)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.206.1) (:span 77 98)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.206) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100206@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Such general-purpose algorithms have also been developed to date.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "Such") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "general-purpose") (:form . "general-purpose")\n (:end . 20) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "develop") (:form . "developed") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "date") (:form . "date") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.207) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100207@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The method of Chaudhuri and Yeates 10 extracts iORFs from microbial genomes and analyzes sequence conservation around the inframe stop codon.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Chaudhuri") (:form . "Chaudhuri") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Yeates") (:form . "Yeates") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "extract") (:form . "extracts") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "microbial") (:form . "microbial") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzes") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "around") (:form . "around") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.208) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100208@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Their method is thus similar to ours and applicable to both selenocysteine and pyrrolysine.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "Their") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "our") (:form . "ours") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "applicable") (:form . "applicable") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 74) (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolysine") (:form . "pyrrolysine") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.209) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100210@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Their method is applicable not only to stop codon readthrough but also to frameshift.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "Their") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "applicable") (:form . "applicable") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frameshift") (:form . "frameshift") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.211) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100211@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, both of them did not apply their methods to search for novel amino acids.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "do") (:form . "did") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "apply") (:form . "apply") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.212.1) (:span 26 29)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.212.1) (:span 26 81)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.212) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100212@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, the question of the 23rd amino acid has not been investigated from the viewpoint of coding sequences.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "question") (:form . "question") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigated") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "viewpoint") (:form . "viewpoint") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "cod") (:form . "coding") (:end . 101) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.213.1) (:span 51 54)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.213.1) (:span 11 111)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.213) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100213@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Additionally, the previous methods cannot effectively discriminate pseudogenes from readthrough genes.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "additionally") (:form . "Additionally") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "previous") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "cannot") (:form . "cannot") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "effectively") (:form . "effectively") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "discriminate") (:form . "discriminate") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pseudogene") (:form . "pseudogenes") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.214.1) (:span 35 41)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.214.1) (:span 35 101)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.214) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100214@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For instance, Chaudhuri and Yeates reported a homolog of cobalamin biosynthesis protein CobN as a novel candidate of pyrrolysine protein.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "instance") (:form . "instance") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Chaudhuri") (:form . "Chaudhuri") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Yeates") (:form . "Yeates") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homolog") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cobalamin") (:form . "cobalamin") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "biosynthesis") (:form . "biosynthesis") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cobn") (:form . "CobN") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidate") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolysine") (:form . "pyrrolysine") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.215) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100215@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, the gene is probably a pseudogene because it contains an inframe TAA codon in addition to the TAG codon, and only one species seems to have the amber-containing form of the gene.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "probably") (:form . "probably") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pseudogene") (:form . "pseudogene") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAA") (:form . "TAA") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAG") (:form . "TAG") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "species") (:form . "species") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "seem") (:form . "seems") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 148) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 152) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amber-containing") (:form . "amber-containing")\n (:end . 169) (:start . 153) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 174) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 177) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 181) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 186) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.216.1) (:span 135 140))\n ((:id . :x1.216.2) (:span 21 29)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.216.1) (:span 123 186))\n ((:id . :x1.216.2) (:span 21 42)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.216) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100216@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The previous methods also assume that proteins with stop-codon-encoded amino acids will have non-readthrough homologs (i.e., homologous proteins that do not have inframe stop codons).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "previous") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "assume") (:form . "assume") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "stop-codon-encoded") (:form . "stop-codon-encoded")\n (:end . 70) (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-readthrough") (:form . "non-readthrough")\n (:end . 108) (:start . 93) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "i.e.") (:form . "i.e.") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homologous") (:form . "homologous") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 149) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 156) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 161) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 174) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.217.2) (:span 26 32)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1.217.1) (:span 153 156)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.217.2) (:span 26 182)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.217.1) (:span 153 182)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.217) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100217@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, that is not necessarily true.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "necessarily") (:form . "necessarily") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.218) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100218@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, pyrrolysine-containing monomethylamine methyltransferases adopt TIM barrel fold 6, but their primary sequences do not exhibit detectable similarity to other TIM barrel proteins because of evolutionary divergence.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pyrrolysine-containing")\n (:form . "pyrrolysine-containing") (:end . 35) (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "monomethylamine") (:form . "monomethylamine")\n (:end . 51) (:start . 36) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "methyltransferas") (:form . "methyltransferases")\n (:end . 70) (:start . 52) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "adopt") (:form . "adopt") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TIM") (:form . "TIM") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "barrel") (:form . "barrel") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "fold") (:form . "fold") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "primary") (:form . "primary") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "exhibit") (:form . "exhibit") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "detectable") (:form . "detectable") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 163) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TIM") (:form . "TIM") (:end . 173) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "barrel") (:form . "barrel") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 200) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "evolutionary") (:form . "evolutionary") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "divergence") (:form . "divergence") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.219.1) (:span 127 130)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.219.1) (:span 127 189)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.219) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100220@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Yet another example is glycine reductase selenoprotein A.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "yet") (:form . "Yet") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "glycine") (:form . "glycine") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reductase") (:form . "reductase") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoprotein")\n (:end . 54) (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.221) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100221@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Only the selenocysteine-containing form of the enzyme is currently known 20.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "Only") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "selenocysteine-containing")\n (:form . "selenocysteine-containing") (:end . 34) (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enzyme") (:form . "enzyme") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "currently") (:form . "currently") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "20") (:form . "20") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.222) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100222@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, it is important not to assume non-readthrough homologs for exploring novel candidates.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "assume") (:form . "assume") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-readthrough") (:form . "non-readthrough")\n (:end . 56) (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "explore") (:form . "exploring") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidates") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.223.1) (:span 27 30)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.223.1) (:span 27 96)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.223) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100223@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If any non-readthrough homologs are registered in public sequence databases, a careful annotation process of a newly sequenced genome will be able to detect readthrough genes, even though they may be annotated as pseudogenes.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-readthrough") (:form . "non-readthrough")\n (:end . 22) (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "register") (:form . "registered") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "public") (:form . "public") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "database") (:form . "databases") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "careful") (:form . "careful") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "annotation") (:form . "annotation") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "process") (:form . "process") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "newly") (:form . "newly") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequenced") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 138) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 141) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "able") (:form . "able") (:end . 146) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detect") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "even") (:end . 180) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "though") (:form . "though") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 192) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 196) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 199) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "annotate") (:form . "annotated") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 212) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pseudogene") (:form . "pseudogenes") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 213) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.224.1) (:span 193 196)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.224.1) (:span 188 224)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.224) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100224@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, if all members of a gene family have stop codon readthrough, correct annotation of their gene structure will be extremely difficult, and all of them will be split into two distinct genes.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "member") (:form . "members") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "correct") (:form . "correct") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "annotation") (:form . "annotation") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "extremely") (:form . "extremely") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "difficult") (:form . "difficult") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 157) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 162) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 165) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "split") (:form . "split") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 176) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 180) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.225) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100225@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The method reported here is unique in that it does not assume non-readthrough homologs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unique") (:form . "unique") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "assume") (:form . "assume") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-readthrough") (:form . "non-readthrough")\n (:end . 77) (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.226.1) (:span 51 54)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.226.1) (:span 51 86)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.226) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100226@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using this method, a systematic screening of the 23rd amino acid and other readthrough genes was carried out.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "systematic") (:form . "systematic") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "screening") (:form . "screening") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 74) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "carry") (:form . "carried") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RP") (:stem . "out") (:form . "out") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.227) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100227@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Many of the currently known selenoproteins and pyrrolysine proteins were recovered, indicating the effectiveness of this approach.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "Many") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "currently") (:form . "currently") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoproteins")\n (:end . 42) (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pyrrolysine") (:form . "pyrrolysine") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "recover") (:form . "recovered") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicating") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effectiveness") (:form . "effectiveness")\n (:end . 112) (:start . 99) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approach") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.228) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100228@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In particular, successful detection of pyrrolysine-containing methyltransferases and selenoprotein A should be noted.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "particular") (:form . "particular") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "successful") (:form . "successful") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "detection") (:form . "detection") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pyrrolysine-containing")\n (:form . "pyrrolysine-containing") (:end . 61) (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "methyltransferas") (:form . "methyltransferases")\n (:end . 80) (:start . 62) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoprotein")\n (:end . 98) (:start . 85) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "should") (:form . "should") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "note") (:form . "noted") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.229) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100230@unknown@formal@none@1@S@What can be concluded from this result?@(((:tag . "WP") (:stem . "what") (:form . "What") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "concluded") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.231) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100231@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The most likely explanation is that the 23rd amino acid does not exist, or its distribution on the tree of life is rather limited.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "explanation") (:form . "explanation") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "exist") (:form . "exist") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tree") (:form . "tree") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "life") (:form . "life") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "rather") (:form . "rather") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "limit") (:form . "limited") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.232.2) (:span 72 74)) ((:id . :x1.232.3) (:span 9 15)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1.232.1) (:span 61 64)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.232.2) (:span 36 129))\n ((:id . :x1.232.3) (:span 9 27)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.232.1) (:span 61 70)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.232) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100232@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although a broad spectrum of taxonomic groups has been subjected to genome sequencing, the genomes of most microbial species on the earth have yet to be determined.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "broad") (:form . "broad") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "spectrum") (:form . "spectrum") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "taxonomic") (:form . "taxonomic") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "group") (:form . "groups") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "subject") (:form . "subjected") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequencing") (:form . "sequencing") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "microbial") (:form . "microbial") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "earth") (:form . "earth") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "yet") (:form . "yet") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determined") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.233) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100233@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The unknown amino acid may be used by these species.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . "unknown") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.234.1) (:span 23 26)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.234.1) (:span 0 51)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.234) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100234@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Alternatively, only one organism in our dataset may have the 23rd amino acid.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "alternatively") (:form . "Alternatively")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.235.1) (:span 48 51)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.235.1) (:span 48 76)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.235) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100235@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is because our method is limited to readthrough genes conserved across two or more species.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "limit") (:form . "limited") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "across") (:form . "across") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.236) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100236@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If the novel amino acid appears in younger, non-conserved sequences, our technique will miss them.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "young") (:form . "younger") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-conserved") (:form . "non-conserved")\n (:end . 57) (:start . 44) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "technique") (:form . "technique") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "miss") (:form . "miss") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.237) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100237@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In either case, the distribution of the 23rd amino acid will be significantly narrower than that of selenocysteine, which has scattered but wide distribution 21.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 77) (:start . 64) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "narrow") (:form . "narrower") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 114) (:start . 100) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "scatter") (:form . "scattered") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "wide") (:form . "wide") (:end . 144) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.238) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100238@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This conclusion coincides with and strengthens that of the previous research on tRNA 14.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "conclusion") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "coincide") (:form . "coincides") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "strengthen") (:form . "strengthens") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "previous") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "research") (:form . "research") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "tRNA") (:form . "tRNA") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "14") (:form . "14") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.239) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100240@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is well known that the genetic code varies in several organisms 22.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genetic") (:form . "genetic") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "code") (:form . "code") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "vary") (:form . "varies") (:end . 45) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "22") (:form . "22") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.241) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100241@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, certain organisms may use one of the sense codons for the novel amino acid.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "certain") (:form . "certain") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sense") (:form . "sense") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.242.1) (:span 24 27)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.242.1) (:span 24 80)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.242) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100242@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Because codons for most amino acids are degenerate, redefinition of one of them is feasible.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "Because") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "degenerate") (:form . "degenerate") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "redefinition") (:form . "redefinition") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "feasible") (:form . "feasible") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.243.1) (:span 83 91)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.243.1) (:span 68 91)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.243) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100243@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, that possibility is beyond the scope of this study and is left as an open problem.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibility") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "beyond") (:form . "beyond") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scope") (:form . "scope") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "leave") (:form . "left") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "open") (:form . "open") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "problem") (:form . "problem") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.244) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100244@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Bioinformatics analysis of unusual tRNA genes and codon usage may provide insights into this problem.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Bioinformatic") (:form . "Bioinformatics")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unusual") (:form . "unusual") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "trna") (:form . "tRNA") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "usage") (:form . "usage") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "insight") (:form . "insights") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "problem") (:form . "problem") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.245.1) (:span 62 65)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.245.1) (:span 62 100)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.245) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100245@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition to the 23rd amino acid, our method can simultaneously explore selenoproteins and other readthrough proteins.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "simultaneously") (:form . "simultaneously")\n (:end . 65) (:start . 51) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "explore") (:form . "explore") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoproteins")\n (:end . 88) (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.246) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100246@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A common assumption in microbial selenoprotein predictions is that selenoproteins will have cysteine homologs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 8) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assumption") (:form . "assumption") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "microbial") (:form . "microbial") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoprotein")\n (:end . 46) (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoproteins")\n (:end . 81) (:start . 67) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cysteine") (:form . "cysteine") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.247.1) (:span 9 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.247.1) (:span 9 109)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.247) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100247@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Zhang et al. 20 examined the validity of this assumption using a SECIS-based method and concluded that selenoproteins without cysteine homologs will be extremely rare.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Zhang") (:form . "Zhang") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "20") (:form . "20") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examined") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "validity") (:form . "validity") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assumption") (:form . "assumption") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "secis-based") (:form . "SECIS-based") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "concluded") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoproteins")\n (:end . 117) (:start . 103) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cysteine") (:form . "cysteine") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 148) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "extremely") (:form . "extremely") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rare") (:form . "rare") (:end . 166) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.248.1) (:span 118 125)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.248.1) (:span 118 143)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.248) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100248@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our method can reassess this assumption in a SECIS-independent way.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "reassess") (:form . "reassess") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assumption") (:form . "assumption") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "secis-independent") (:form . "SECIS-independent")\n (:end . 62) (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "way") (:form . "way") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.249) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100250@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, selenoproteins that lack cysteine homologs will be scarce, as previously reported.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoproteins")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "lack") (:form . "lack") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cysteine") (:form . "cysteine") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "scarce") (:form . "scarce") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.251.1) (:span 31 35)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.251.1) (:span 31 53)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.251) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100251@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Other readthrough proteins with canonical amino acids (i.e., proteins that have canonical amino acids at their inframe stop codons) are quite rare in prokaryotes 1.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "Other") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "canonical") (:form . "canonical") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "i.e.") (:form . "i.e.") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "canonical") (:form . "canonical") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "quite") (:form . "quite") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rare") (:form . "rare") (:end . 146) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prokaryote") (:form . "prokaryotes") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.252) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100252@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The result reported here is in agreement, but it is not conclusive.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "agreement") (:form . "agreement") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "conclusive") (:form . "conclusive") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.253.1) (:span 52 55)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.253.1) (:span 52 66)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.253) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100253@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is because our method assumes that stop-codon-encoded amino acid is located inside a domain, but it is unclear whether it holds true in prokaryotic readthrough with canonical amino acids.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "assume") (:form . "assumes") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "stop-codon-encoded") (:form . "stop-codon-encoded")\n (:end . 58) (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "located") (:form . "located") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "inside") (:form . "inside") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unclear") (:form . "unclear") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "hold") (:form . "holds") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prokaryotic") (:form . "prokaryotic") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 169) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "canonical") (:form . "canonical") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 192) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.254.1) (:span 116 123))\n ((:id . :x1.254.2) (:span 108 115)) ((:id . :x1.254.3) (:span 27 34)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.254.1) (:span 116 191))\n ((:id . :x1.254.2) (:span 108 191)) ((:id . :x1.254.3) (:span 27 96)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.254) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100254@unknown@formal@none@1@S@At least, only one experimentally-confirmed example from a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli 23, whose genome is not yet determined, does not obey this rule.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "At") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimentally-confirmed")\n (:form . "experimentally-confirmed") (:end . 43) (:start . 19) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pathogenic") (:form . "pathogenic") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "strain") (:form . "strain") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "escherichia") (:form . "Escherichia") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "23") (:form . "23") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "WP$") (:stem . "whose") (:form . "whose") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "yet") (:form . "yet") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determined") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 141) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "obey") (:form . "obey") (:end . 150) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 155) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 160) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.255.1) (:span 142 145))\n ((:id . :x1.255.2) (:span 117 120)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.255.1) (:span 142 160))\n ((:id . :x1.255.2) (:span 101 135)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.255) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100255@unknown@formal@none@1@S@What can be concluded from our result is that this type of readthrough will be located outside of domains, such as a linker between two domains.@(((:tag . "WP") (:stem . "what") (:form . "What") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "concluded") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "type") (:form . "type") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "locate") (:form . "located") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "outside") (:form . "outside") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "linker") (:form . "linker") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.256) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100256@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Such a stop codon may behave as a switch that regulates production of short and long isoforms from a single mRNA, as in readthrough genes from viruses 24.@(((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "such") (:form . "Such") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 6) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "behave") (:form . "behave") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "switch") (:form . "switch") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulates") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "production") (:form . "production") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "short") (:form . "short") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "long") (:form . "long") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "isoform") (:form . "isoforms") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mrna") (:form . "mRNA") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "virus") (:form . "viruses") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "24") (:form . "24") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.257.1) (:span 18 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.257.1) (:span 18 150)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.257) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100257@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conclusion@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "Conclusion") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.258) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100258@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To explore the possibility of a 23rd amino acid, ORFs in prokaryotic genomes were investigated in a comprehensive way.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "explore") (:form . "explore") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibility") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23rd") (:form . "23rd") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "orf") (:form . "ORFs") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prokaryotic") (:form . "prokaryotic") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigated") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "comprehensive") (:form . "comprehensive")\n (:end . 113) (:start . 100) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "way") (:form . "way") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.259) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100260@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, if such an amino acid exists, it will have limited distribution in the tree of life.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "exist") (:form . "exists") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "limit") (:form . "limited") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tree") (:form . "tree") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "life") (:form . "life") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.261) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100261@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Alternatively, it may be encoded by one of the sense codons.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "alternatively") (:form . "Alternatively")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sense") (:form . "sense") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.262.1) (:span 18 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.262.1) (:span 15 59)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.262) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100262@unknown@formal@none@1@S@From the viewpoint of selenoprotein prediction, the sensitivity of our method was lower than an existing method.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "From") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "viewpoint") (:form . "viewpoint") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenoprotein") (:form . "selenoprotein")\n (:end . 35) (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sensitivity") (:form . "sensitivity") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "low") (:form . "lower") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exist") (:form . "existing") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.263) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100263@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, our method has several unique features.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unique") (:form . "unique") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.264) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100264@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is applicable to general readthrough genes and rigorously excludes pseudogenes and sequencing errors.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "applicable") (:form . "applicable") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "general") (:form . "general") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "rigorously") (:form . "rigorously") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excludes") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pseudogene") (:form . "pseudogenes") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequencing") (:form . "sequencing") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "error") (:form . "errors") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.265) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100265@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, it does not assume the occurrence of non-readthrough homologs in the public databases.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "assume") (:form . "assume") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "occurrence") (:form . "occurrence") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-readthrough") (:form . "non-readthrough")\n (:end . 62) (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "public") (:form . "public") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "database") (:form . "databases") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.266.1) (:span 18 21)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.266.1) (:span 18 95)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.266) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100266@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It will help in identification of novel readthrough genes from the rapidly expanding collection of complete microbial genomes.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "help") (:form . "help") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identification") (:form . "identification")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "rapidly") (:form . "rapidly") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "expand") (:form . "expanding") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "collection") (:form . "collection") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complete") (:form . "complete") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "microbial") (:form . "microbial") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.267) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100267@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Methods@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.268) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100268@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Enumeration of iORFs from prokaryotic genomes@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Enumeration") (:form . "Enumeration") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prokaryotic") (:form . "prokaryotic") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.269) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100270@unknown@formal@none@1@S@From them, 191 representative organisms were selected by excluding close relatives.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "From") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "191") (:form . "191") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "representative") (:form . "representative")\n (:end . 29) (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "select") (:form . "selected") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excluding") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "close") (:form . "close") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relatives") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.271) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100271@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The threshold was set to average sequence identity 90% of two house-keeping genes, DNA polymerase III α subunit and alanyl-tRNA synthetase.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identity") (:form . "identity") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "90") (:form . "90") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "house-keeping") (:form . "house-keeping")\n (:end . 75) (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "polymerase") (:form . "polymerase") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "iii") (:form . "III") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "α") (:form . "α") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subunit") (:form . "subunit") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alanyl-trna") (:form . "alanyl-tRNA") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "synthetase") (:form . "synthetase") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.272) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100272@unknown@formal@none@1@S@From these 191 genomes, iORFs longer than 80 codons were enumerated using inhouse software, which is available from the author's web site 26.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "From") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "191") (:form . "191") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "long") (:form . "longer") (:end . 36) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "80") (:form . "80") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "enumerate") (:form . "enumerated") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inhouse") (:form . "inhouse") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "software") (:form . "software") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 115) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "author") (:form . "author") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "web") (:form . "web") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "26") (:form . "26") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.273) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100273@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both upstream and downstream regions of its inframe stop codon were required to be longer than 10 codons.@(((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "downstream") (:form . "downstream") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "long") (:form . "longer") (:end . 89) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.274) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100274@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Two stop codons of an iORF (i.e. the inframe and C-terminal stops) can be any combination of canonical stop codons (TAA, TAG, TGA).@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "Two") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "i.e.") (:form . "i.e.") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stops") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combination") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "canonical") (:form . "canonical") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAA") (:form . "TAA") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAG") (:form . "TAG") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TGA") (:form . "TGA") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.275) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100275@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, for Mycoplasma, only TAA and TAG were used.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Mycoplasma") (:form . "Mycoplasma") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAA") (:form . "TAA") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAG") (:form . "TAG") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.276) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100276@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Three codons ATG, TTG and GTG were allowed to be start signals.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "Three") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ATG") (:form . "ATG") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TTG") (:form . "TTG") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GTG") (:form . "GTG") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allowed") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "start") (:form . "start") (:end . 54) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "signal") (:form . "signals") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.277) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100277@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The iORFs of each organism were compared with protein-coding genes of the organism using BLASTX.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-coding") (:form . "protein-coding")\n (:end . 60) (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTX") (:form . "BLASTX") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.278) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100278@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If an iORF matched any protein-coding genes (E-value < 10-3) and their reading frames did not coincide, the iORF was discarded.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "match") (:form . "matched") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-coding") (:form . "protein-coding")\n (:end . 37) (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E-value") (:form . "E-value") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-3") (:form . "10-3") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reading") (:form . "reading") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "frame") (:form . "frames") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "do") (:form . "did") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "coincide") (:form . "coincide") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discard") (:form . "discarded") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.279.1) (:span 90 93)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.279.1) (:span 90 102)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.279) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100280@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Remaining iORFs were translated into amino acid sequences.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "Remaining") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "translate") (:form . "translated") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.281) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100281@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We translated all three types of nonsense codons into the one-letter code U, so as to simplify visual inspection of sequence alignments.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "translate") (:form . "translated") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "type") (:form . "types") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonsense") (:form . "nonsense") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "one-letter") (:form . "one-letter") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "code") (:form . "code") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "U") (:form . "U") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "so") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "simplify") (:form . "simplify") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "visual") (:form . "visual") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inspection") (:form . "inspection") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.282) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100282@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although the code U is usually for selenocysteine, it will be harmless because U is automatically converted into × inside the BLAST programs.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "code") (:form . "code") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "U") (:form . "U") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "usually") (:form . "usually") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selenocysteine") (:form . "selenocysteine")\n (:end . 49) (:start . 35) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "harmless") (:form . "harmless") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "U") (:form . "U") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "automatically") (:form . "automatically")\n (:end . 97) (:start . 84) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "convert") (:form . "converted") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "×") (:form . "×") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "inside") (:form . "inside") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.283) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100283@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Construction of clusters of conserved iORFs@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "construction") (:form . "Construction") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.284) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100284@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To examine evolutionary conservation of the iORFs, a window of 101 residues around the inframe stop codon was extracted and subjected to TBLASTN searches against the above 191 genome sequences.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examine") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "evolutionary") (:form . "evolutionary") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "window") (:form . "window") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "101") (:form . "101") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "around") (:form . "around") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "extract") (:form . "extracted") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "subject") (:form . "subjected") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tblastn") (:form . "TBLASTN") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "191") (:form . "191") (:end . 175) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.285) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100285@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If there were any hits (E-value < 0.01) in other organisms, and if the hit includes 10 upstream and 10 downstream residues of the inframe stop codon, then the iORF was retained.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hit") (:form . "hits") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E-value") (:form . "E-value") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.01") (:form . "0.01") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hit") (:form . "hit") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "include") (:form . "includes") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "downstream") (:form . "downstream") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 154) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 158) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 163) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "retain") (:form . "retained") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.286) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100286@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, if there were any hits (E-value < 10-5) that did not cover the inframe stop codon, the iORF was discarded.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hit") (:form . "hits") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E-value") (:form . "E-value") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-5") (:form . "10-5") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "do") (:form . "did") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "cover") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discard") (:form . "discarded") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.287.1) (:span 58 61)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.287.1) (:span 58 90)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.287) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100287@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Eligible iORFs were then clustered using BLASTCLUST with score density 0.5 and minimum length coverage 0.6.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "eligible") (:form . "Eligible") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clustered") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blastclust") (:form . "BLASTCLUST") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "density") (:form . "density") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.5") (:form . "0.5") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "minimum") (:form . "minimum") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.6") (:form . "0.6") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.288) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100288@unknown@formal@none@1@S@After removing singleton clusters, multiple sequence alignments of the remaining clusters were computed using MAFFT 27 with the L-INS-i option.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "After") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "removing") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "singleton") (:form . "singleton") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remaining") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compute") (:form . "computed") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 109) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MAFFT") (:form . "MAFFT") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "27") (:form . "27") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "L-INS-i") (:form . "L-INS-i") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "option") (:form . "option") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.289) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100290@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If the location or type of stop codons was not identical, the cluster was discarded.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "location") (:form . "location") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "type") (:form . "type") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discard") (:form . "discarded") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.291.1) (:span 43 46)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.291.1) (:span 43 56)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.291) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100291@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Three-step filtering of the candidate clusters@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "three-step") (:form . "Three-step") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "filtering") (:form . "filtering") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidate") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.292) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100292@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The first filter examines protein-likeliness of the iORFs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filter") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examines") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein-likeliness") (:form . "protein-likeliness")\n (:end . 44) (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.293) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100293@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This filter is mainly designed to remove conserved non-coding sequences (CNS) immediately downstream of non-readthrough genes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filter") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "mainly") (:form . "mainly") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "design") (:form . "designed") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "remove") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-coding") (:form . "non-coding") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cns") (:form . "CNS") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "immediately") (:form . "immediately") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "downstream") (:form . "downstream") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-readthrough") (:form . "non-readthrough")\n (:end . 119) (:start . 104) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.294) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100294@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If we measure purifying selection for amino acid sequences by the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS), a protein with a stop-codon-encoded amino acid will indicate the sign of selection, while CNS will not.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measure") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "purify") (:form . "purifying") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selection") (:form . "selection") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonsynonymous") (:form . "nonsynonymous")\n (:end . 88) (:start . 75) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "synonymous") (:form . "synonymous") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "substitution") (:form . "substitution") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rates") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dn/ds") (:form . "dN/dS") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 145) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "stop-codon-encoded") (:form . "stop-codon-encoded")\n (:end . 166) (:start . 148) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 177) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 182) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 195) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sign") (:form . "sign") (:end . 200) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 203) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selection") (:form . "selection") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 215) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cns") (:form . "CNS") (:end . 224) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 229) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 233) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.295.1) (:span 230 233)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.295.1) (:span 230 233)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.295) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100295@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The dN/dS was calculated for each of the two parts flanking the inframe stop codon in an iORF using codeml program in the PAML package 28.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dn/ds") (:form . "dN/dS") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "part") (:form . "parts") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanking") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 99) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codeml") (:form . "codeml") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PAML") (:form . "PAML") (:end . 126) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "package") (:form . "package") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "28") (:form . "28") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.296) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100296@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Statistical significance was estimated by likelihood ratio test 29.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "Statistical") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "significance") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "29") (:form . "29") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.297) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100297@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The observed alignment was fitted to two distinct substitution models, one of which estimates dN/dS from the data, and the other fixes it to 1.0.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "fit") (:form . "fitted") (:end . 33) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "substitution") (:form . "substitution") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "model") (:form . "models") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimates") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dn/ds") (:form . "dN/dS") (:end . 99) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 122) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "fix") (:form . "fixes") (:end . 134) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1.0") (:form . "1.0") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.298) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100298@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Let lfree and lfix denote log likelihood of these models.@(((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "let") (:form . "Let") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lfree") (:form . "lfree") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lfix") (:form . "lfix") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "denote") (:form . "denote") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "log") (:form . "log") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "model") (:form . "models") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.299) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100300@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If dN/dS was less than 1.0, and the statistics 2Δl was larger than a threshold, we regard it as a sign of purifying selection.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dn/ds") (:form . "dN/dS") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "less") (:form . "less") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1.0") (:form . "1.0") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistics") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "2δl") (:form . "2Δl") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "large") (:form . "larger") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "regard") (:form . "regard") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sign") (:form . "sign") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "purify") (:form . "purifying") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selection") (:form . "selection") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.301) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100301@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study, the threshold was set to 5.0 (corresponds to P < 0.025) so that the known readthrough proteins score higher than the threshold.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5.0") (:form . "5.0") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponds") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p") (:form . "P") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.025") (:form . "0.025") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "so") (:form . "so") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.302) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100302@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For each of the above clusters, an all-against-all comparison of cluster members was performed.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "all-against-all") (:form . "all-against-all")\n (:end . 50) (:start . 35) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparison") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "member") (:form . "members") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performed") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.303) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100303@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If any pair exhibits such signals in both the N- and C-terminal parts, the cluster was retained.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "exhibit") (:form . "exhibits") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "signal") (:form . "signals") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N-") (:form . "N-") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "part") (:form . "parts") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "retain") (:form . "retained") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.304) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100304@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Even if both the upstream and downstream regions of the inframe stop codon code proteins, they may be two adjacent genes instead of a readthrough protein.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "Even") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "downstream") (:form . "downstream") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 74) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "code") (:form . "code") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "instead") (:form . "instead") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x1.305.2) (:span 95 98)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x1.305.1) (:span 121 131)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x1.305.2) (:span 95 153)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.305.1) (:span 121 153)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.305) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100305@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The second and third filtering processes remove such genes based on BLAST alignment patterns.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third") (:form . "third") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "filtering") (:form . "filtering") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "process") (:form . "processes") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "remove") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pattern") (:form . "patterns") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.306) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100306@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although the boundary analysis applied previously has the same goal (Figure 1b), some gene pairs escaped elimination.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "boundary") (:form . "boundary") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "apply") (:form . "applied") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "goal") (:form . "goal") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1b") (:form . "1b") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 96) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "escape") (:form . "escaped") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "elimination") (:form . "elimination") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.307) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100307@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To enhance sensitivity of the filters, the whole length of an iORF was used as a BLAST query instead of the partial sequence, and the size of the BLAST database was increased from the 191 nonredundant genomes to the 328 complete genomes in GenomeNet and 246 draft genome sequences downloaded from GenBank in May 2006.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "enhance") (:form . "enhance") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sensitivity") (:form . "sensitivity") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filters") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "whole") (:form . "whole") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "query") (:form . "query") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "instead") (:form . "instead") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "partial") (:form . "partial") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "size") (:form . "size") (:end . 138) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 141) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "database") (:form . "database") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 164) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increased") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 179) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 183) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "191") (:form . "191") (:end . 187) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonredundant") (:form . "nonredundant") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 211) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 215) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "328") (:form . "328") (:end . 219) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complete") (:form . "complete") (:end . 228)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 236)\n (:start . 229) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 239) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenomeNet") (:form . "GenomeNet") (:end . 249)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 253) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "246") (:form . "246") (:end . 257) (:start . 254)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "draft") (:form . "draft") (:end . 263)\n (:start . 258) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 270)\n (:start . 264) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 280)\n (:start . 271) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "downloade") (:form . "downloaded") (:end . 291)\n (:start . 281) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 296) (:start . 292)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 304)\n (:start . 297) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 307) (:start . 305)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "May") (:form . "May") (:end . 311) (:start . 308)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2006") (:form . "2006") (:end . 316) (:start . 312)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 317) (:start . 316)\n (:id . 99)))@@@1@58@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.308.1) (:span 93 103)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.308.1) (:span 93 124)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.308) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100308@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The second filter inspects synteny of iORFs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filter") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "inspect") (:form . "inspects") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "synteny") (:form . "synteny") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.309) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100310@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Translated sequences of iORFs in the pre-filtering clusters were subjected to TBLASTN searches against the genome database.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "translate") (:form . "Translated") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pre-filtering") (:form . "pre-filtering")\n (:end . 50) (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "subject") (:form . "subjected") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tblastn") (:form . "TBLASTN") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "database") (:form . "database") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.311) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100311@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If both the best hits of the N- and C-terminal parts are statistically significant (E-value < 10-5), and distance between them is less than 1 kbp, we call these hits 'syntenic hits'.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "good") (:form . "best") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hit") (:form . "hits") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N-") (:form . "N-") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "part") (:form . "parts") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "statistically") (:form . "statistically")\n (:end . 70) (:start . 57) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E-value") (:form . "E-value") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-5") (:form . "10-5") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distance") (:form . "distance") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 126) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "less") (:form . "less") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kbp") (:form . "kbp") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "call") (:form . "call") (:end . 154) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hit") (:form . "hits") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "‘") (:form . "‘") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "syntenic") (:form . "syntenic") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hit") (:form . "hits") (:end . 180) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'") (:form . "’") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.312) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100312@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If any syntenic hits with non-coinciding reading frames were found, the cluster was removed.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "syntenic") (:form . "syntenic") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hit") (:form . "hits") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-coinciding") (:form . "non-coinciding")\n (:end . 40) (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reading") (:form . "reading") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "frame") (:form . "frames") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "removed") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.313) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100313@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The third filter uses co-occurrence of residues around the inframe stop codon as another source of information for screening stop codon readthrough.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third") (:form . "third") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filter") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "use") (:form . "uses") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-occurrence") (:form . "co-occurrence")\n (:end . 35) (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "around") (:form . "around") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "source") (:form . "source") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "information") (:form . "information") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "screen") (:form . "screening") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "readthrough") (:form . "readthrough") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.314) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100314@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Suppose a window of 21 residues centered at the inframe stop codon.@(((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "suppose") (:form . "Suppose") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 9) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "window") (:form . "window") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "center") (:form . "centered") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.315) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100315@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In prokaryotes, most stop-codon-encoded amino acids are located inside a domain, the unit of evolutionary sequence conservation.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prokaryote") (:form . "prokaryotes") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "stop-codon-encoded") (:form . "stop-codon-encoded")\n (:end . 39) (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "located") (:form . "located") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "inside") (:form . "inside") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "unit") (:form . "unit") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "evolutionary") (:form . "evolutionary") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.316) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100316@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, in an ideal situation the presence or absence of the 21 residues in alignments will be synchronized.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ideal") (:form . "ideal") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "situation") (:form . "situation") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "absence") (:form . "absence") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "synchronize") (:form . "synchronized") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:ncues ((:id . :x1.317.1) (:span 49 56)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x1.317.1) (:span 49 89)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s1.317) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100317@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, if the iORF is actually two adjacent genes, then upstream and downstream residues of the stop codon will appear separately in many alignments.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORF") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "actually") (:form . "actually") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "downstream") (:form . "downstream") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appear") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "separately") (:form . "separately") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 138) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 143) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.318) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100318@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We defined a co-occurrence matrix as a 21 × 21 matrix whose (i,j)-th element represents how often residue i and j appeared simultaneously in N alignments.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-occurrence") (:form . "co-occurrence")\n (:end . 26) (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matrix") (:form . "matrix") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "×") (:form . "×") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matrix") (:form . "matrix") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "WP$") (:stem . "whose") (:form . "whose") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "i,j)-th") (:form . "i,j)-th") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represents") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "how") (:form . "how") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "often") (:form . "often") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residue") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "i") (:form . "i") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "j") (:form . "j") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appeared") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "simultaneously") (:form . "simultaneously")\n (:end . 137) (:start . 123) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.319) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100320@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By definition, the more often the upstream and downstream residues of the inframe stop codon co-occur in the alignments, the higher the density in the upper right quarter of the matrix.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "definition") (:form . "definition") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "often") (:form . "often") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "downstream") (:form . "downstream") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "co-occur") (:form . "co-occur") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "density") (:form . "density") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upper") (:form . "upper") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "right") (:form . "right") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "quarter") (:form . "quarter") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 173) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 177) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matrix") (:form . "matrix") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.321) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100321@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If average density in the quarter was lower than 0.85, the cluster was filtered out.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "density") (:form . "density") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "quarter") (:form . "quarter") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "low") (:form . "lower") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.85") (:form . "0.85") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filtered") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RP") (:stem . "out") (:form . "out") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.322) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100322@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Stop codon usage@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Stop") (:form . "Stop") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "usage") (:form . "usage") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44)))@@@1@3@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.323) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100323@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For each organism, its iORFs were extracted from the pre-filtering clusters, and codon usage at the inframe stop positions was counted.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iorf") (:form . "iORFs") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "extract") (:form . "extracted") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pre-filtering") (:form . "pre-filtering")\n (:end . 66) (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "clusters") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "usage") (:form . "usage") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inframe") (:form . "inframe") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "count") (:form . "counted") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.324) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100324@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Codon usage at the C-terminal stop codons in its proteome was also computed using data of coding sequences downloaded from KEGG GENES 25.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Codon") (:form . "Codon") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "usage") (:form . "usage") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proteome") (:form . "proteome") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compute") (:form . "computed") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "cod") (:form . "coding") (:end . 96) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "downloade") (:form . "downloaded") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "KEGG") (:form . "KEGG") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GENES") (:form . "GENES") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "25") (:form . "25") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s1.325) (:did . :1471-2105-8-225)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100325@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These data were combined into a 3 × 2 matrix, and Fisher's exact test was applied.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "×") (:form . 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":") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.27) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100354@unknown@formal@none@1@S@1) Predictors based on sequence and structure exploit the observation that some pairs of sequence motifs, domains and structural families tend to interact preferentially.@(((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 2) (:start . 1) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "Predictors") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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"motifs") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "structural") (:form . "structural") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "tend") (:form . "tend") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "preferentially") (:form . "preferentially")\n (:end . 169) (:start . 155) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.28) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100355@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Some methods predict interaction from sequence-motifs found to be over-represented in interacting protein pairs 19, or by considering the physico-chemical properties and the location of groups of amino acids in the sequence 2021.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "Some") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predict") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence-motif") (:form . 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"of") (:end . 185) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "group") (:form . "groups") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 195) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 210) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 214) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 223)\n (:start . 215) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2021") (:form . "2021") (:end . 228) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 229) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.29) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100356@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Others investigate the co-occurrence in interacting proteins of specific protein domains or their structural family classification 2223.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "other") (:form . "Others") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigate") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-occurrence") (:form . "co-occurrence")\n (:end . 36) (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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"2223") (:end . 135) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.30) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100357@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When three-dimensional structures are available for both proteins thought to interact, high quality predictions and additional information such as the residues involved in the interaction and their binding affinity may be estimated (reviewed in 24).@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "three-dimensional") (:form . "three-dimensional")\n (:end . 22) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structures") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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"reviewed") (:end . 241)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 244) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "24") (:form . "24") (:end . 247) (:start . 245)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 248) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 249) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.31.1) (:span 215 218)) ((:id . :x2.31.2) (:span 66 73)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.31.1) (:span 87 231)) ((:id . :x2.31.2) (:span 52 85)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.31) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100358@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Similarly, when two proteins show clear sequence similarity to proteins that exist in a complex for which the three-dimensional structure is known, detailed predictions of the atomic-level interactions may be made.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . 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"may") (:end . 205) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 208) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "make") (:form . "made") (:end . 213) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.32.1) (:span 202 205)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.32.1) (:span 148 213)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.32) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100360@unknown@formal@none@1@S@2) Predictors based on comparative genomics have been exploited primarily in prokaryotes.@(((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 2) (:start . 1) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "Predictors") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . 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"JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.67) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100394@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Figure 1 illustrates the training scheme and architecture of the method.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "illustrate") (:form . "illustrates") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.68) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100395@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Expression, Orthology, Combined and Disorder modules can calculate likelihood ratios (LR) of interaction independently and are referred to as the Group A modules (Figure 1A).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . "Orthology") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Combined") (:form . "Combined") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . 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"A") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1a") (:form . "1A") (:end . 176) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.69) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100396@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The product of their likelihood ratios is referred to as the Preliminary Score.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "product") (:form . "product") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "referred") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "preliminary") (:form . "Preliminary") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "Score") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.70) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100397@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Transitive module considers the local topology of the network predicted by the group A modules and thus requires the completion of their analysis to calculate its own likelihood ratios of interaction (Figure 1B).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considers") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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"NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "require") (:form . "requires") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "completion") (:form . "completion") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . 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")") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.71) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100398@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As such, all combinations of the Group A modules can be used to predict interaction in the presence or absence of the Transitive module.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"in") (:form . "in") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "absence") (:form . "absence") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.72.1) (:span 103 110)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.72.1) (:span 103 135)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.72) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100400@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Features considered in the prediction of interactions for each module@(((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Feature") (:form . "Features") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.74) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100401@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Architecture of the predictor and likelihoods of the modules@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Architecture") (:form . "Architecture") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihoods") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.75) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100402@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Architecture of the predictor and likelihoods of the modules.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Architecture") (:form . "Architecture") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihoods") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.76) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100403@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The predictor consists of two different parts (A and B) which are trained consecutively.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "consist") (:form . "consists") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "part") (:form . "parts") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . "A") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "train") (:form . "trained") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "consecutively") (:form . "consecutively")\n (:end . 87) (:start . 74) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.77) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100404@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Group A modules (shown in panel A) are trained in parallel.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Group") (:form . "Group") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . "A") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "panel") (:form . 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(:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.78) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100405@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The likelihood ratios (LR) for most of their states are shown in panel A (their complete likelihood ratios are available in Additional File 4).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "LR") (:form . "LR") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . 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"their") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complete") (:form . "complete") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "File") (:form . "File") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.79) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100406@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The product of the likelihood ratios of all Group A modules considered in a given prediction is referred to as the preliminary score (PS) and can be calculated for all human protein pairs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "product") (:form . "product") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"and") (:form . "and") (:end . 141) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.80) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100407@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If the Transitive module is not considered, the final likelihood ratios assigned to all protein pairs is the preliminary score (PS).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "final") (:form . "final") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "assign") (:form . "assigned") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "preliminary") (:form . "preliminary") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PS") (:form . "PS") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.81.1) (:span 28 31)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.81.1) (:span 3 42)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.81) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100408@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If the Transitive module is considered, the local topology of the network determined by the assignment of preliminary scores to all protein pairs considered in the training set is used to calculate the likelihood ratios for the transitive module (shown in panel B) for every protein pair in the training set.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . 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"B") (:end . 263) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 264) (:start . 263)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 268) (:start . 265)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "every") (:end . 274)\n (:start . 269) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 282)\n (:start . 275) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 287) (:start . 283)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 290) (:start . 288)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 294) (:start . 291)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 303)\n (:start . 295) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 307) (:start . 304)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 308) (:start . 307)\n (:id . 96)))@@@1@55@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.82) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100410@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For the Orthology module: YL, YM, YH: yeast low, medium and high scoring bins; FL, FM, FH: fly low, medium and high scoring bins; WL, WM, WH: worm low, medium and high scoring bins; HM and HL: medium and low scoring bins for human protein pairs that have human paralogs; > 1 organism: bin for human protein pairs that have interologs in more than one organism.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . "Orthology") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . 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"of") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.94) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100421@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This suggested that there is insufficient data currently available to determine a reliable ratio for human.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggested") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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"reliable") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 96) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.95.1) (:span 5 14)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.95.1) (:span 5 106)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.95) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100422@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Accordingly, we selected a prior odds ratio of interaction of 1/400 which is similar to current estimates for yeast and is probably still quite conservative.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "accordingly") (:form . "Accordingly") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "select") (:form . "selected") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prior") (:form . "prior") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1/400") (:form . "1/400") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "current") (:form . "current") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimates") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yeast") (:form . "yeast") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "probably") (:form . "probably") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "still") (:form . "still") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "quite") (:form . "quite") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "conservative") (:form . "conservative") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.96.1) (:span 123 131)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.96.1) (:span 123 156)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.96) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100423@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, the likelihood ratio threshold to predict interactions is 400.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predict") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "400") (:form . "400") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.97) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100424@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Likelihood ratios of the modules@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "Likelihood") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.98) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100425@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Figure 1 summarizes the likelihood ratios computed for the five modules.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "summarize") (:form . "summarizes") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compute") (:form . "computed") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "five") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.99) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100426@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The different modules differ in the range of likelihood ratio values achieved by their different states.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "differ") (:form . "differ") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "range") (:form . "range") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieved") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "state") (:form . "states") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.100) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100427@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Orthology and Combined modules both have states that achieve likelihood ratios above 400 (as high as 1207 for the Orthology module and 613 for the Combined module), indicating that both these modules can, on their own, predict some interacting protein pairs with a posterior odds ratio above 1.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . 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"ratios") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "400") (:form . "400") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1207") (:form . "1207") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . "Orthology") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 138) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "613") (:form . "613") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "combined") (:form . "Combined") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicating") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 184) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 189) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 211) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 212) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "own") (:form . "own") (:end . 221) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predict") (:end . 230)\n (:start . 223) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 235) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 247)\n (:start . 236) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 255)\n (:start . 248) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 256) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 266) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 268) (:start . 267)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 278)\n (:start . 269) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 283) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 289)\n (:start . 284) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 295)\n (:start . 290) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 297) (:start . 296)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 298) (:start . 297)\n (:id . 96)))@@@1@55@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.101.1) (:span 204 207))\n ((:id . :x2.101.2) (:span 169 184)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.101.1) (:span 204 297))\n ((:id . :x2.101.2) (:span 169 297)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.101) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100428@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Expression module follows trends seen in previous studies with increasing likelihood ratios of interaction reflecting increasing expression correlation 3746.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "follows") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "trend") (:form . "trends") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "see") (:form . "seen") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "previous") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increasing") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "reflect") (:form . "reflecting") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increasing") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3746") (:form . "3746") (:end . 160) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.102) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100430@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Similarly, but in a much more pronounced way, the Disorder module is only slightly predictive of interaction, with a maximum likelihood ratio of 1.8.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "similarly") (:form . "Similarly") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "much") (:form . "much") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . 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(:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.104) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100431@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Most states of the Orthology module achieve higher likelihood ratios than the highest obtained by the Expression and Disorder modules.@(((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "Most") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "state") (:form . "states") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . "Orthology") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . 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(:end . 295) (:start . 294)\n (:id . 95)))@@@1@54@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.106.1) (:span 8 11)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.106.1) (:span 8 22)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.106) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100433@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The direct transfer of interactions to human from either yeast, fly or worm does not alone result in a posterior odds ratio above 1 (as the likelihood ratios of interaction for all yeast, fly and worm bins in the Orthology module are below 400).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "direct") (:form . "direct") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transfer") (:form . "transfer") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . 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(:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.108.1) (:span 48 62)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.108.2) (:span 8 11)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.108.1) (:span 48 156)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.108.2) (:span 8 22)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.108) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100435@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, the consideration of human interactions paralogous to the human protein pairs under investigation results in likelihood ratios of 431 and 1034 (depending on how close the paralogs are as described in Methods) which is much higher than those obtained for any single model organism.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.110.1) (:span 38 47)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.110.1) (:span 38 130)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.110) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100437@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Combined module uses domain co-occurrence, post-translational modification (PTM) co-occurrence and subcellular localization information to predict interaction.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "Combined") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "use") (:form . "uses") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "separately") (:form . "separately") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.115) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100442@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Combined module considers simultaneously three distinct features: the co-occurrence of both domains and PTMs as well as the subcellular co-localization of proteins.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "Combined") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "consider") (:form . 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"domains") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ptm") (:form . "PTMs") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "subcellular") (:form . "subcellular") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-localization") (:form . "co-localization")\n (:end . 155) (:start . 140) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 158) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.116) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100443@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here the likelihood ratios of these features considered separately are shown.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "separately") (:form . "separately") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.117) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100444@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In panel A, all domain pairs considered were given scores and likelihood ratios were estimated for different values of these scores.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "panel") (:form . "panel") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . "A") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.118) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100445@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Similarly, shown in panel B are the likelihood ratios for different values of PTM co-occurrence scores.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "similarly") (:form . "Similarly") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "panel") (:form . "panel") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PTM") (:form . "PTM") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-occurrence") (:form . "co-occurrence")\n (:end . 95) (:start . 82) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.119) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100446@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Panel C shows the likelihood ratios for protein pairs localized to different sets of cellular compartments.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "panel") (:form . "Panel") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 7) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "localize") (:form . "localized") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cellular") (:form . "cellular") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "compartment") (:form . "compartments") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.120) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100447@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Previous methods have investigated the use of co-occurring domains to predict interaction (see for example 2346).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "Previous") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigated") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "co-occurre") (:form . "co-occurring") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predict") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2346") (:form . "2346") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.121) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100448@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Many pairs of domains co-occur in proteins known to interact.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "Many") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "co-occur") (:form . "co-occur") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.122) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100450@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Similarly, the co-occurrence of PTMs is also predictive of interaction, with its highest scoring bin obtaining a likelihood ratio of 6 as shown in Figure 3B.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "similarly") (:form . "Similarly") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-occurrence") (:form . "co-occurrence")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PTM") (:form . "PTMs") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "predictive") (:form . "predictive") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scoring") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bin") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtaining") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "3b") (:form . "3B") (:end . 156) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.124) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100451@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Lists of high scoring domain pairs and PTM pairs are shown in Additional Files 1 and 2.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "list") (:form . "Lists") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scoring") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ptm") (:form . "PTM") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "File") (:form . "Files") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.125) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100452@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Subcellular localization has been extensively used both to assess the quality of interaction datasets 115051 and to generate examples of non-interacting protein pairs to use as negative datasets when training and testing predictors 3746.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "subcellular") (:form . "Subcellular") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "localization") (:form . "localization") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "extensively") (:form . "extensively") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "assess") (:form . "assess") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "quality") (:form . 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(:end . 240) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.128.2) (:span 5 13)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.128.1) (:span 157 164)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.128.2) (:span 5 33)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.128.1) (:span 157 191)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.128) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100455@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As shown in Figure 3C, the likelihood ratio of same compartment protein pairs was found to be twice as high as that of randomly chosen or non-annotated protein pairs whereas different non-neighboring protein pairs are more than three times less likely to interact than random protein pairs.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.130) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100457@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, when integrated into the Combined module, domain, PTM and localization information together achieve likelihood ratios that are high enough to predict interaction on their own (i.e. above 400).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "integrate") (:form . "integrated") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.131) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100458@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As expected, the highest likelihood ratio bins for the Combined module are those representing the highest combinations of the three features separately.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "Combined") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "representing") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "separately") (:form . "separately") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.132) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100460@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The likelihood ratios for different values of the neighborhood topology score are shown in Figure 1B.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "neighborhood") (:form . "neighborhood") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "topology") (:form . "topology") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1b") (:form . "1B") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.134) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100461@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Transitive module is highly predictive of interaction and achieves likelihood ratios as high as 229.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "predictive") (:form . "predictive") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieves") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "229") (:form . "229") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.135) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100462@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This module cannot be used alone as it requires as input the output of at least one group A module.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cannot") (:form . "cannot") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "alone") (:form . "alone") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "require") (:form . "requires") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "input") (:form . "input") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "output") (:form . "output") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 79) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "group") (:form . "group") (:end . 89) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.136.1) (:span 12 18)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.136.1) (:span 0 32)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.136) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100463@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, it can predict interacting protein pairs with a posterior odds ratio above 1.0 when used in combination with any single module in group A (as the product of the highest likelihood ratios of the transitive module and any group A module is greater than 400 as can be seen from Figure 1).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . 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"greater") (:end . 254)\n (:start . 247) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 259) (:start . 255)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "400") (:form . "400") (:end . 263) (:start . 260)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 266) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 270) (:start . 267)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 273) (:start . 271)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "see") (:form . "seen") (:end . 278) (:start . 274)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 283) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 290)\n (:start . 284) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 292) (:start . 291)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 293) (:start . 292)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 294) (:start . 293)\n (:id . 98)))@@@1@57@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.137.1) (:span 16 23)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.137.1) (:span 16 146)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.137) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100464@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Independence of the modules@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "independence") (:form . "Independence") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.138) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100465@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The final likelihood ratio output by the predictor is only representative of the true likelihood of interaction of a protein pair if the modules considered are independent.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "final") (:form . "final") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "output") (:form . "output") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"independent") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.139) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100466@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If the modules were not independent, some likelihood ratios would likely be overestimated, particularly for protein pairs that achieve simultaneously high likelihoods for non-independent features.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"particularly") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 126) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieve") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "simultaneously") (:form . "simultaneously")\n (:end . 149) (:start . 135) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 154) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihoods") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 170) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-independent") (:form . "non-independent")\n (:end . 186) (:start . 171) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.140.1) (:span 60 65 66 72)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.140.3) (:span 20 23)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.140.1) (:span 37 195)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.140.3) (:span 20 35)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.140) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100467@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conversely, some likelihood ratios would be underestimated for protein pairs achieving simultaneously low likelihoods for non-independent features.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "conversely") (:form . "Conversely") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "would") (:form . "would") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "underestimate") (:form . "underestimated")\n (:end . 58) (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieving") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "simultaneously") (:form . "simultaneously")\n (:end . 101) (:start . 87) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low") (:form . "low") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihoods") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-independent") (:form . "non-independent")\n (:end . 137) (:start . 122) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.141.1) (:span 35 40)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.141.1) (:span 12 146)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.141) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100468@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Previous studies have demonstrated that some of the features considered here are indeed independent 43.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "Previous") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrated") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . 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(:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.142) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100470@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As shown in Table 2, all modules considered are independent, since the highest Pearson correlation coefficients computed are well below any value considered significant.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . 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(:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.144) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100471@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Pairwise Pearson correlation for all modules@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pairwise") (:form . "Pairwise") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pearson") (:form . "Pearson") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.145) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100472@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Accuracy of the predictors@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "Accuracy") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictors") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.146) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100473@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All combinations of modules were examined to determine which of the resulting predictors achieved the highest prediction accuracy.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examined") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determine") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "result") (:form . "resulting") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictors") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieved") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.147) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100474@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In order to analyze the predictions, five-fold cross validation experiments were performed and the area under partial ROC (receiver operator characteristic) curves (partial AUCs) measured.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "order") (:form . "order") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyze") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 36) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "five-fold") (:form . "five-fold") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cross") (:form . "cross") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "validation") (:form . "validation") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performed") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "area") (:form . "area") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "under") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "partial") (:form . "partial") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ROC") (:form . "ROC") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receiver") (:form . "receiver") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "operator") (:form . "operator") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "characteristic") (:form . "characteristic")\n (:end . 155) (:start . 141) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "curve") (:form . "curves") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "partial") (:form . "partial") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "auc") (:form . "AUCs") (:end . 177) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measured") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.148) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100475@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ROC50 and ROC100 curves were selected as they consider a large enough number of positives to include all protein pairs predicted to have a posterior odds ratio above 1.0 by all the predictors investigated.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ROC50") (:form . "ROC50") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positives") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "include") (:form . "include") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . 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"predictors") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigated") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 205) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.149.1) (:span 119 128)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.149.1) (:span 101 204)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.149) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100476@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Protein pairs predicted to have a posterior odds ratio below 1.0 have an estimated true positive rate below 50% and thus are more likely not to interact than to interact.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "Protein") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . 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"estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "below") (:form . "below") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "50") (:form . "50") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 157) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.150.2) (:span 130 136)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.150.1) (:span 137 140)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.150.2) (:span 121 169)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.150.1) (:span 137 152)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.150) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100477@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These protein pairs are therefore not of interest in this context.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interest") (:form . "interest") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "context") (:form . "context") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.151.1) (:span 34 37)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.151.1) (:span 34 65)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.151) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100478@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The area under all ROCn curves considered is relatively low because of the high proportion of negatives with respect to positives in the training and test sets (100:1).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "area") (:form . "area") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "under") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ROCn") (:form . "ROCn") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "curve") (:form . 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"sets") (:end . 159) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "100:1") (:form . "100:1") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.152) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100480@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Individual modules do not achieve high scores for the areas under the ROC50 and ROC100.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "individual") (:form . "Individual") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieve") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "area") (:form . "areas") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "under") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ROC50") (:form . "ROC50") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ROC100") (:form . "ROC100") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.154.1) (:span 22 25)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.154.1) (:span 22 86)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.154) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100481@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In fact, all ROC50 AUC values achieved by individual modules are below 0.025 and the Expression and Disorder modules do not predict any protein pairs (positive or negative) above a posterior odds ratio of 1, which is expected as the highest likelihood ratios they achieve are lower than 400 (see Figure 1A).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fact") (:form . "fact") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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"posterior") (:end . 190)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 195) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 204) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 216) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 217) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 228) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 232) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 251)\n (:start . 241) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 258)\n (:start . 252) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 263) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieve") (:end . 271)\n (:start . 264) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 275) (:start . 272)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "low") (:form . "lower") (:end . 281) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 286) (:start . 282)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "400") (:form . "400") (:end . 290) (:start . 287)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 292) (:start . 291)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 295) (:start . 292)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 302)\n (:start . 296) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1a") (:form . "1A") (:end . 305) (:start . 303)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 306) (:start . 305)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 307) (:start . 306)\n (:id . 100)))@@@1@59@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.155.1) (:span 160 162)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.155.2) (:span 120 123)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.155.1) (:span 150 172)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.155.2) (:span 120 206)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.155) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100482@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As more Group A modules are considered within the same predictor, the ROCn AUC scores increase significantly, as would be expected since these features are independent (as shown in Table 2) and thus contribute different information to the prediction.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Group") (:form . "Group") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . 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"NNP") (:stem . "AUC") (:form . "AUC") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increase") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 108) (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "would") (:form . "would") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "since") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 155) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "independent") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 171) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 180) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 193) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 198) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contribute") (:form . "contribute") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 219)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "information") (:form . "information") (:end . 231)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 234) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 238) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 249)\n (:start . 239) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 250) (:start . 249)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.156.1) (:span 113 118)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.156.1) (:span 113 130)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.156) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100483@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, the predictor that considers both the Expression and Combined modules achieves a ROC50 AUC of 0.033 compared to 0.003 and 0.022 respectively for the individual modules.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considers") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "Combined") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieves") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ROC50") (:form . "ROC50") (:end . 99) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AUC") (:form . "AUC") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.033") (:form . "0.033") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.003") (:form . "0.003") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.022") (:form . "0.022") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "individual") (:form . "individual") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.157) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100484@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, the Disorder module does not contribute significantly to the prediction as predictors that consider it do not, in general, do better than their counterparts that do not use it.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Disorder") (:form . "Disorder") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "contribute") (:form . "contribute") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 62) (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictors") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "consider") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "general") (:form . "general") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "well") (:form . "better") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 146) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "counterpart") (:form . "counterparts") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 173) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 177) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 181) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 184) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.158.1) (:span 174 177))\n ((:id . :x2.158.2) (:span 115 118)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.158.1) (:span 174 184))\n ((:id . :x2.158.2) (:span 115 184)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.158) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100485@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, both the Expression-Orthology predictor and the Expression-Orthology-Disorder predictor achieve a ROC50 AUC of 0.024.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Expression-Orthology")\n (:form . "Expression-Orthology") (:end . 42) (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Expression-Orthology-Disorder")\n (:form . "Expression-Orthology-Disorder") (:end . 90) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieve") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ROC50") (:form . "ROC50") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AUC") (:form . "AUC") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.024") (:form . "0.024") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.159) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100486@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Disorder module offers the advantage of increasing the coverage of the prediction as a disorder score is calculated for all protein pairs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Disorder") (:form . "Disorder") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "offer") (:form . "offers") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "advantage") (:form . "advantage") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increasing") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "disorder") (:form . "disorder") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.160) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100487@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, this appears to add more noise to the prediction without increasing the accuracy.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "add") (:form . "add") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "noise") (:form . "noise") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increasing") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.161.2) (:span 14 21)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.161.1) (:span 58 65)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.161.2) (:span 9 89)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.161.1) (:span 58 89)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.161) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100488@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Prediction accuracy of different combinations of modules@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "Prediction") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.162) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100490@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, the Expression-Orthology predictor achieves a ROC50 AUC of 0.024 and predicts 5670 interactions at a posterior odds ratio greater than 1 whereas the Expression-Orthology-Combined predictor achieves a ROC50 AUC of 0.044 and predicts over 15000 interactions at a posterior odds ratio above 1.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"ratio") (:end . 294)\n (:start . 289) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 300)\n (:start . 295) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 302) (:start . 301)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 303) (:start . 302)\n (:id . 88)))@@@1@47@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.164) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100491@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The best combination of Group A modules is the predictor consisting of the Expression, Orthology and Combined modules.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "good") (:form . "best") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combination") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Group") (:form . "Group") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . "A") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "consist") (:form . "consisting") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . "Orthology") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Combined") (:form . "Combined") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.165) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100492@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Transitive module, which can only be used in combination with other modules, increases substantially the scores and number of interactions predicted.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combination") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . 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"of") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.166) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100493@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The right-hand portion of Table 3 shows the accuracy measures for the highest scoring subset of predictors that consider the Transitive module.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "right-hand") (:form . "right-hand") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portion") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measures") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scoring") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subset") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictors") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "consider") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.167) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100494@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Transitive module enhances the prediction by identifying among protein pairs with a relatively high preliminary score those that are most likely to interact, by considering the local topology of the network around them.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "enhance") (:form . "enhances") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identifying") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "among") (:form . "among") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "relatively") (:form . "relatively") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "preliminary") (:form . 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"VBG") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considering") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 180) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "local") (:form . "local") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "topology") (:form . "topology") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 198) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 202) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "network") (:form . "network") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "around") (:form . "around") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 222) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 223) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.168.1) (:span 142 148)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.168.1) (:span 128 160)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.168) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100495@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, the ROC50 AUC rises from 0.044 to 0.075 when the Transitive module is added to the Expression-Orthology-Combined predictor, and the number of predictions above a posterior odds ratio of 1 doubles from 15330 to 34780.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ROC50") (:form . 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"of") (:end . 154) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 189) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 198) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "double") (:form . "doubles") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 213) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "15330") (:form . "15330") (:end . 219)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 222) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "34780") (:form . "34780") (:end . 228)\n (:start . 223) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 229) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.169) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100496@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Once again, the Disorder module does not contribute positively to the prediction.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "once") (:form . "Once") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "again") (:form . "again") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.170.1) (:span 37 40)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.170.1) (:span 37 80)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.170) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100497@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Its inclusion does not increase any of the measures of accuracy considered.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "Its") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inclusion") (:form . "inclusion") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increase") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measures") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.171.1) (:span 19 22)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.171.1) (:span 19 74)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.171) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100498@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The predictor that considers the Expression, Orthology, Combined and Transitive modules is the one that achieves the highest accuracy overall.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considers") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . "Orthology") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Combined") (:form . "Combined") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . 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"Comparison") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "alternative") (:form . "alternative") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.174) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100501@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this work training sets were used that comprised 100 times more negatives than positives, with the negatives randomly selected and filtered to remove any known or suspected positives (see Methods).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "work") (:form . "work") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "comprise") (:form . "comprised") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "100") (:form . "100") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "time") (:form . "times") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negatives") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positives") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negatives") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "randomly") (:form . "randomly") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "select") (:form . "selected") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filtered") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "remove") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 156) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 165) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "suspect") (:form . "suspected") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positives") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 190) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.175.1) (:span 166 175)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.175.1) (:span 166 185)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.175) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100502@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Other groups have used negative:positive ratios ranging from 1 to more than 600 (see for example 374752).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "Other") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "group") (:form . "groups") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative:positive") (:form . "negative:positive")\n (:end . 40) (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "range") (:form . "ranging") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "600") (:form . "600") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "374752") (:form . "374752") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.176) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100503@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition, several groups use localization-derived negatives (i.e. protein pairs that are not annotated as being localized to the same cellular compartment) rather than randomly chosen negatives (see for example 374346).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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"that") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "annotate") (:form . "annotated") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "be") (:form . "being") (:end . 114) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "localized") (:form . "localized") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 136) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cellular") (:form . "cellular") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . 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"example") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "374346") (:form . "374346") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 221) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.177.1) (:span 159 170))\n ((:id . :x2.177.2) (:span 92 95)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.177.1) (:span 159 196))\n ((:id . :x2.177.2) (:span 83 157)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.177) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100504@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These issues have been investigated previously 53.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "issue") (:form . "issues") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . 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(:end . 253) (:start . 252)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.179.1) (:span 43 46)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.179.1) (:span 43 67)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.179) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100506@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Table 4 compares the accuracy of predictors trained with negative:positive ratios of 1:100 and 1:1 and tested by five-fold cross validation.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 7) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compares") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"architecture") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.181.1) (:span 29 32)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.181.1) (:span 0 43)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.181) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100508@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To perform such a comparison, the EOCT predictor (Expression, Orthology, Combined and Transitive modules) was trained on datasets consisting of either equal numbers of positives and negatives or 100 times more negatives than positives and then tested on both types of datasets.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "perform") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"five-fold") (:form . "five-fold") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cross") (:form . "cross") (:end . 100) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "validation") (:form . "validation") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiment") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.190) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100517@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Their standard deviation is shown in parenthesis.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "Their") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "standard") (:form . "standard") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.194) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100521@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Contamination is probably below 1%, which is likely lower than the contamination rate of the positive dataset as discussed in 47.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contamination") (:form . "Contamination")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "probably") (:form . "probably") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "below") (:form . "below") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.197.3) (:span 59 64)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.197.1) (:span 200 203))\n ((:id . :x2.197.2) (:span 65 68)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.197.3) (:span 59 143)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.197.1) (:span 200 212))\n ((:id . :x2.197.2) (:span 65 143)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.197) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100524@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition, proteins specific to a cellular compartment may have different characteristics to proteins in other compartments.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . 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(:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.200) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100527@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In order to see if different types of negatives could influence the accuracy of the predictors developed here we generated negative training/test sets as in 46 by identifying all pairs of human proteins for which one protein is annotated as being nuclear and the other is annotated as being localized to the plasma membrane in the HPRD database 15.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "order") (:form . "order") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . 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(:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.202.1) (:span 114 119)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.202.2) (:span 77 80)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.202.1) (:span 114 233)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.202.2) (:span 77 105)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.202) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100530@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is most likely due to the fact that the localization-derived negative trained predictor cannot take full advantage of the Transitive module, since the network resulting from the predictions of the Group A modules likely does not sample the whole protein pair space well.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . 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"space") (:end . 269)\n (:start . 264) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 274) (:start . 270)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 275) (:start . 274)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.204.2) (:span 218 224))\n ((:id . :x2.204.4) (:span 13 19)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.204.1) (:span 230 233))\n ((:id . :x2.204.3) (:span 93 99)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.204.2) (:span 218 274))\n ((:id . :x2.204.4) (:span 13 144)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.204.1) (:span 230 274))\n ((:id . :x2.204.3) (:span 93 144)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.204) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100531@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our predictor trained with randomly generated negatives and a negative:positive ratio of 100 performs the best out of all the combinations of training sets investigated.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . 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"this") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzed") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "subsequent") (:form . "subsequent") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "section") (:form . "sections") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.206) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100533@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Contribution of the modules@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contribution") (:form . "Contribution") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.207) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100534@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The relative contribution of the modules to the prediction of interaction was investigated in order to gain a better understanding of the predictive power and areas of highest usefulness of the different modules.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contribution") (:form . "contribution") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . 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(:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.208) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100535@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To do this, all protein pairs were considered that achieve an estimated posterior odds ratio > 1 when the EOCT predictor was trained on the full datasets without cross-validation.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . 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(:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.210) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100537@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These protein pairs represent the most probable interactors with respect to the features considered, among all protein pairs examined by the predictor.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represent") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "probable") (:form . 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"all") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examined") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.211.1) (:span 39 47)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.211.1) (:span 39 59)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.211) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100538@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To investigate the individual contribution of each module, we looked at the number of interactions predicted out of all LR400 pairs as a function of the minimum likelihood ratio of each module.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigate") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "individual") (:form . "individual") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contribution") (:form . 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(:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.212) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100540@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Transitive module and to an even greater extent, the Combined module contribute positively to the prediction of a very high proportion of the LR400 protein pairs (73% and 91% of the LR400 interactions have likelihood ratios greater than 1 for the Transitive and Combined modules respectively).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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"Transitive") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 251) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 265) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "combined") (:form . "Combined") (:end . 274)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 282)\n (:start . 275) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 295)\n (:start . 283) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 296) (:start . 295)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 297) (:start . 296)\n (:id . 94)))@@@1@53@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.214) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100541@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Transitive module provides a likelihood ratio of 91 for the prediction of over 70% of the LR400 interactions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provides") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "91") (:form . "91") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "70") (:form . "70") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . "LR400") (:end . 99) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.215) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100542@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Combined module provides positive evidence for the highest number of interactions of the LR400 dataset.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "Combined") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provides") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evidence") (:form . "evidence") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . "LR400") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.216) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100543@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, the value of the likelihood ratio it contributes is below 20 for over 50% of protein pairs in the LR400 dataset (which means that for these protein pairs, the Combined module must be used in combination with other modules to achieve a total likelihood ratio above 400).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.220) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100547@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In fact, almost 40% of these LR400 interactions achieve a likelihood ratio above 400 from the Orthology module.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fact") (:form . "fact") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "almost") (:form . "almost") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "40") (:form . "40") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . 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"as") (:form . "as") (:end . 287) (:start . 285)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 293)\n (:start . 288) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "paralogous") (:form . "paralogous") (:end . 304)\n (:start . 294) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 317)\n (:start . 305) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 321) (:start . 318)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 334)\n (:start . 322) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 340)\n (:start . 335) (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 343) (:start . 341)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 348) (:start . 344)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 353) (:start . 349)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 357) (:start . 354)\n (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 363)\n (:start . 358) (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 372)\n (:start . 364) (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 374) (:start . 373)\n (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 378) (:start . 374)\n (:id . 108))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 381) (:start . 379)\n (:id . 109))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 387)\n (:start . 382) (:id . 110))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieve") (:end . 395)\n (:start . 388) (:id . 111))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 397) (:start . 396)\n (:id . 112))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 408)\n (:start . 398) (:id . 113))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 413) (:start . 409)\n (:id . 114))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 419)\n (:start . 414) (:id . 115))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "400") (:form . "400") (:end . 423) (:start . 420)\n (:id . 116))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 424) (:start . 423)\n (:id . 117))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 425) (:start . 424)\n (:id . 118)))@@@1@77@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.222.1) (:span 5 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.222.1) (:span 5 424)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.222) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100550@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Expression module provides positive evidence for a little less than half the predictions in the LR400 dataset.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provides") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evidence") (:form . "evidence") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "little") (:form . "little") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "less") (:form . "less") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "half") (:form . "half") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . "LR400") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.224) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100551@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, as previously noted, the highest likelihood provided by this module is 33 and thus the Expression module cannot predict interaction on its own.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "note") (:form . "noted") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provided") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "33") (:form . "33") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cannot") (:form . "cannot") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predict") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 147) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "own") (:form . "own") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.225.1) (:span 114 120)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.225.1) (:span 114 151)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.225) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100552@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Contribution of the modules@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contribution") (:form . "Contribution") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.226) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100553@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Contribution of the modules.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contribution") (:form . "Contribution") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.227) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100554@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To examine the contribution of the different modules, we plotted the number of interactions predicted among all LR400 interactions (all interactions predicted using the full predictor that obtain a likelihood ratio of interaction greater than 400) as a function of the minimum likelihood ratio of individual modules (in panel A) or of combinations of modules (in panel B).@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examine") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contribution") (:form . "contribution") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "plot") (:form . "plotted") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "among") (:form . "among") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . "LR400") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 164) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 168) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "full") (:form . "full") (:end . 173) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 188) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtain") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 217) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 229)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "great") (:form . "greater") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 242) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "400") (:form . "400") (:end . 246) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 247) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 250) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 252) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 253) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 264) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 268) (:start . 265)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "minimum") (:form . "minimum") (:end . 276)\n (:start . 269) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 287)\n (:start . 277) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 293)\n (:start . 288) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 296) (:start . 294)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "individual") (:form . "individual") (:end . 307)\n (:start . 297) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 315)\n (:start . 308) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 317) (:start . 316)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 319) (:start . 317)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "panel") (:form . "panel") (:end . 325)\n (:start . 320) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . "A") (:end . 327) (:start . 326)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 328) (:start . 327)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 331) (:start . 329)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 334) (:start . 332)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 347)\n (:start . 335) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 350) (:start . 348)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 358)\n (:start . 351) (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 360) (:start . 359)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 362) (:start . 360)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "panel") (:form . "panel") (:end . 368)\n (:start . 363) (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 370) (:start . 369)\n (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 371) (:start . 370)\n (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 372) (:start . 371)\n (:id . 107)))@@@1@66@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.228) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100555@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the case of combinations of modules (panel B), the minimum likelihood ratio is the product of the likelihood ratios of the modules considered.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "panel") (:form . "panel") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "minimum") (:form . "minimum") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "product") (:form . "product") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.229) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100556@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus for example, the product of the expression and orthology ratios is greater than 1 for almost 20000 LR400 interactions and greater than 10 for approximately 10000 LR400 interactions (dark blue diamonds in panel B).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "product") (:form . "product") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "orthology") (:form . "orthology") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "great") (:form . "greater") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "almost") (:form . "almost") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "20000") (:form . "20000") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . "LR400") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "great") (:form . "greater") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 160) (:start . 147) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10000") (:form . "10000") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . "LR400") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dark") (:form . "dark") (:end . 191) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "blue") (:form . "blue") (:end . 196) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "diamond") (:form . "diamonds") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 208) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "panel") (:form . "panel") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.230) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100557@unknown@formal@none@1@S@E: Expression module, O: Orthology module, C: Combined module, T: Transitive module.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e") (:form . "E") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 2) (:start . 1) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "O") (:form . "O") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . "Orthology") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "Combined") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.231) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100558@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Figure 4B summarizes the contributions of different combinations of modules.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "4b") (:form . "4B") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "summarize") (:form . "summarizes") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "contribution") (:form . "contributions")\n (:end . 38) (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.232) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100560@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They alone can predict approximately 27000 of the 37606 interactions of the LR400 dataset.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "alone") (:form . "alone") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predict") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 36) (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "27000") (:form . "27000") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "37606") (:form . "37606") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . "LR400") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.234) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100561@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When they are both present, regardless of which other modules are also present, they predict over 70% of the LR400 interactions.@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "regardless") (:form . "regardless") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predict") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "70") (:form . "70") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . "LR400") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.235) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100562@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When either of these two modules is absent, fewer than 12500 interactions are predicted.@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "absent") (:form . "absent") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "few") (:form . "fewer") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "12500") (:form . "12500") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.236.1) (:span 36 42)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.236.1) (:span 5 42)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.236) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100563@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, the two remaining modules (Expression and Orthology) can predict approximately 5000 interactions together.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remaining") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . "Orthology") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predict") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 91) (:start . 78) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5000") (:form . "5000") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "together") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.237) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100564@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is interesting as many of the publicly available predicted interaction datasets mentioned in the Background section use mainly orthology transfer from model organisms to identify interactions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "interesting") (:form . "interesting") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "publicly") (:form . "publicly") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mention") (:form . "mentioned") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "background") (:form . "Background") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "section") (:form . "section") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "mainly") (:form . "mainly") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "orthology") (:form . "orthology") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transfer") (:form . "transfer") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 155) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . 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(:end . 240) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.239.2) (:span 102 110)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.239.1) (:span 182 185)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.239.2) (:span 102 239)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.239.1) (:span 182 239)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.239) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100566@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is discussed further in the next section.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discuss") (:form . "discussed") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.245) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100572@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We verified that the increasing estimated posterior odds ratios translated into better predictive value.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "verify") (:form . "verified") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increasing") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "translate") (:form . "translated") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "good") (:form . "better") (:end . 86) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "predictive") (:form . "predictive") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.246) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100573@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Figure 5 shows the true positive rate versus false positive rate for different posterior odds ratios as measured by five-fold cross validation.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "versus") (:form . "versus") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measured") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "five-fold") (:form . "five-fold") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cross") (:form . "cross") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "validation") (:form . "validation") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.247) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100574@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As the posterior odds ratio increases, the false positive rate decreases and the relative proportion of true positives increases when compared to the proportion of false positives.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increases") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "decrease") (:form . "decreases") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportion") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"false") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positives") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.248) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100575@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Accordingly, subsets of very high quality predictions may be generated by choosing a suitably high posterior odds ratio threshold.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "accordingly") (:form . "Accordingly") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subsets") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "very") (:form . "very") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "quality") (:form . "quality") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "choose") (:form . "choosing") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "suitably") (:form . "suitably") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.249.1) (:span 54 57)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.249.1) (:span 13 129)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.249) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100576@unknown@formal@none@1@S@True positive rate versus false positive rate for different estimated posterior odds ratios@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "True") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "versus") (:form . "versus") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.250) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100577@unknown@formal@none@1@S@True positive rate versus false positive rate for different estimated posterior odds ratios.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "True") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "versus") (:form . "versus") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.251) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100578@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The true positive rate (TPR) versus false positive rate (FPR) is plotted for different values of the posterior odds ratio estimated for the dataset by five-fold cross-validation.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPR") (:form . "TPR") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "versus") (:form . "versus") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FPR") (:form . "FPR") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "plot") (:form . "plotted") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 115) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 150) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "five-fold") (:form . "five-fold") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cross-validation") (:form . "cross-validation")\n (:end . 177) (:start . 161) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.252) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100580@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, higher quality datasets can be generated by requiring higher posterior odds ratios.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "quality") (:form . "quality") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "require") (:form . "requiring") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 66) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.254) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100581@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The TPR is calculated as the number of true positives predicted divided by the total number of positives in the test set.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tpr") (:form . "TPR") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . 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(:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.255) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100582@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The FPR is calculated as the number of false positives predicted divided by the total number of negatives in the test set.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fpr") (:form . "FPR") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . 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"other") (:form . "other") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.257) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100584@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The false positive rate (FPR) of our predictor was estimated by the method of D'Haeseleer and Church 1855 and used to compare it to other prediction datasets.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . 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"TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.258) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100585@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Ramani interaction dataset that was automatically extracted from the literature 16 as well as all new interactions present in the October 2006 version of the manually curated HPRD database 15 (but none of the interactions also present in earlier versions of the HPRD which were used to train our predictor) were taken as reference datasets.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ramani") (:form . "Ramani") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . 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")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 258) (:start . 257)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 259) (:start . 258)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.261.1) (:span 11 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.261.1) (:span 11 234)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.261) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100588@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here, we compare three human interaction prediction datasets: the Rhodes probabilistic dataset 46, the Lehner orthology-derived dataset 36 and the most accurate of our predictors (the LR400 subset of the predictor considering the Expression, Orthology, Combined and Transitive modules).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . 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"transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 276)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 284)\n (:start . 277) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 285) (:start . 284)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 286) (:start . 285)\n (:id . 88)))@@@1@47@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.262) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100590@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The rates estimated for the Rhodes and Lehner datasets are similar to previous estimates 18.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rates") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . 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(:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.266.1) (:span 127 130)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.266.1) (:span 127 162)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.266) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100593@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, not all proteins encoded by a single gene will necessarily interact with all protein products encoded by a second gene, even if one such protein pair does.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "necessarily") (:form . "necessarily") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "product") (:form . "products") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "even") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 145) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 158) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 163) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.267) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100594@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is why we describe interactions as a relationship between two proteins, allowing for a more precise description of the interaction.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "why") (:form . "why") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "describe") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "relationship") (:form . "relationship") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allowing") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "precise") (:form . "precise") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "description") (:form . "description") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.268) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100595@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To compare our predictions to these datasets, we consider that two genes interact if at least one of their respective protein products interact.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compare") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "consider") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "respective") (:form . "respective") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "product") (:form . "products") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.269.1) (:span 49 57)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.269.1) (:span 49 143)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.269) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100596@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Comparison to other interaction datasets@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "Comparison") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.270) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100597@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Comparison to other interaction datasets.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "Comparison") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.271) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100598@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The false positive rates shown in panel A were estimated for the LR400 dataset as well as the Rhodes [46] and Lehner [36] predictions using the method described in [18, 55] by comparing them two-by-two to a reference dataset.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rates") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "panel") (:form . "panel") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . "LR400") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Rhodes") (:form . "Rhodes") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "46") (:form . "46") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Lehner") (:form . "Lehner") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "36") (:form . "36") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 139) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 163) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "18") (:form . "18") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "55") (:form . "55") (:end . 171) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 175) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "comparing") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 190) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two-by-two") (:form . "two-by-two") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 204) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reference") (:form . "reference") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 217) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 88)))@@@1@47@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.272) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100600@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In Figure 6B and 6C, we compare the number of distinct proteins and distinct interactions of the LR400 dataset to those of the Rhodes prediction dataset and the June 2006 version of the HPRD which was used to train our predictor.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "6b") (:form . "6B") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "6c") (:form . "6C") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compare") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . 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(:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.276) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100603@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both the Rhodes dataset and our LR400 dataset predict interactions involving many proteins that are not even present in their positive training set (the HPRD).@(((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Rhodes") (:form . "Rhodes") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . 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".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.277.1) (:span 100 103)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.277.1) (:span 100 158)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.277) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100604@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Many of the predictions in these two datasets concern protein pairs and proteins that are not present in other datasets, suggesting that they cover different regions of the human interaction space.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "Many") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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(:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.278.1) (:span 121 131)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.278.2) (:span 90 93)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.278.1) (:span 121 196)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.278.2) (:span 90 119)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.278) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100605@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As suggested in 18, by making more such datasets available, it will be possible to increase our coverage of the interaction space and determine the most likely human interactions.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggested") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "18") (:form . "18") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . 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(:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.279.1) (:span 153 159)) ((:id . :x2.279.2) (:span 71 79))\n ((:id . :x2.279.3) (:span 3 12)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.279.1) (:span 153 178))\n ((:id . :x2.279.2) (:span 71 178)) ((:id . :x2.279.3) (:span 3 178)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.279) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100606@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Another human interaction dataset has recently become available: the IntNetDB 56.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "Another") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . 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(:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.280) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100607@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It was generated by integrating seven different features (four of which involve transferring interactions or characteristics of protein pairs from model organisms to human) in a probabilistic framework.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "integrate") (:form . "integrating") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "seven") (:form . "seven") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involve") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "transfer") (:form . "transferring") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "characteristic") (:form . "characteristics")\n (:end . 124) (:start . 109) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 146) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 165) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 175) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "probabilistic") (:form . "probabilistic")\n (:end . 191) (:start . 178) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "framework") (:form . "framework") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.281) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100608@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interactions were predicted above a TP/FP ratio (number of true positives divided by the number of false positives in the test set) of 1.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "Interactions") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TP/FP") (:form . "TP/FP") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positives") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "divide") (:form . "divided") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positives") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 126) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.282) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100610@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We do not compare our predictions to this dataset because such a threshold of TP/FP > 1 does not correspond to a posterior odds threshold > 1.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compare") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TP/FP") (:form . "TP/FP") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . ">") (:form . ">") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "correspond") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . ">") (:form . ">") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.284.1) (:span 93 96)) ((:id . :x2.284.2) (:span 6 9)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.284.1) (:span 93 141))\n ((:id . :x2.284.2) (:span 6 49)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.284) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100611@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Depending on the positive-to-negative ratio used in the datasets, TP/FP > 1 might correspond to an average posterior odds ratio of 1.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "depend") (:form . "Depending") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive-to-negative")\n (:form . "positive-to-negative") (:end . 37) (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TP/FP") (:form . "TP/FP") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . ">") (:form . ">") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "correspond") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.285.1) (:span 76 81)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.285.1) (:span 76 132)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.285) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100612@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, the average posterior odds ratio of our LR400 dataset is above 700.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . "LR400") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "700") (:form . "700") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.286) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100613@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In comparison, by using a threshold of TP/FP > 1 in our test set, we predict over 1 000 000 human interactions.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparison") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TP/FP") (:form . "TP/FP") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . ">") (:form . ">") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predict") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "000") (:form . "000") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "000") (:form . "000") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.287.1) (:span 69 76)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.287.1) (:span 69 110)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.287) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100614@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We do not believe that the quality of this large number of predictions is high enough to warrant their publication since the great majority of these protein pairs achieve a posterior odds ratio below 1.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "believe") (:form . "believe") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "quality") (:form . "quality") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large") (:form . "large") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "enough") (:form . "enough") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "warrant") (:form . "warrant") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "publication") (:form . "publication") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "since") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "great") (:form . "great") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "majority") (:form . "majority") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieve") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 187) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "below") (:form . "below") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.288.1) (:span 10 17)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.288.2) (:span 6 9)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.288.1) (:span 10 114)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.288.2) (:span 6 114)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.288) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100615@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Independent validation@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "Independent") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "validation") (:form . 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(:end . 261) (:start . 260)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.290.1) (:span 185 188)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.290.1) (:span 185 260)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.290) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100617@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As shown in Figure 7, while less than 3% of the protein pairs predicted to interact at posterior odds ratios between 1 and 2 overlap with the HPRD dataset used for training, this value increases to over 50% for the highest scoring subsets of the LR400 dataset.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "7") (:form . 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(:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.294) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100621@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, as the posterior odds ratio decreases, the overlap between the predictions and the HPRD-derived training set decreases.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.296) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100623@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, interactions predicted at posterior odds ratios between 128 and 2048 have a 20 to 30% overlap with the training set as shown in Figure 7.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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"shown") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "7") (:form . "7") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.297) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100624@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although many of these novel predictions have not been previously investigated in the literature, there exists experimental evidence supporting a subset of these predictions which is not present in the June 2006 version of the HPRD used to train our predictor, thus providing independent validation of our method.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . 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"the") (:end . 201) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "June") (:form . "June") (:end . 206) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2006") (:form . "2006") (:end . 211) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "version") (:form . "version") (:end . 219)\n (:start . 212) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 222) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 226) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HPRD") (:form . "HPRD") (:end . 231) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 236) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 239) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "train") (:form . "train") (:end . 245)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 249) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 259)\n (:start . 250) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 260) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 265) (:start . 261)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "providing") (:end . 275)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "independent") (:end . 287)\n (:start . 276) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "validation") (:form . "validation") (:end . 298)\n (:start . 288) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 301) (:start . 299)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 305) (:start . 302)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 312)\n (:start . 306) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 313) (:start . 312)\n (:id . 92)))@@@1@51@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.298.1) (:span 183 186))\n ((:id . :x2.298.2) (:span 46 49)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.298.1) (:span 183 259))\n ((:id . :x2.298.2) (:span 9 96)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.298) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100625@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Five such validated predictions are reported here:@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "Five") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "validated") (:form . "validated") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.299) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100626@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Overlap of different subsets of the LR400 dataset with the HPRD-derived training set@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "Overlap") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subsets") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . "LR400") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hprd-derived") (:form . "HPRD-derived") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.300) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100627@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Overlap of different subsets of the LR400 dataset with the HPRD-derived training set.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "Overlap") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subsets") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lr400") (:form . "LR400") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hprd-derived") (:form . "HPRD-derived") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.301) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100628@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The number of interactions predicted and the proportion of overlap with the training set (which was derived from the HPRD) were calculated for subsets of the LR400 dataset of different posterior odds ratios.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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(:end . 293) (:start . 292)\n (:id . 94)))@@@1@53@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.322.1) (:span 270 279)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.322.1) (:span 270 289)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.322) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100650@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We provide all our predictions ranked according to the posterior odds ratio of interaction in Additional File 3.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "rank") (:form . 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"human") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "map") (:form . "map") (:end . 217) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.326.1) (:span 82 86)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.326.1) (:span 82 217)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.326) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100653@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Methods@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.327) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100654@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Datasets@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dataset") (:form . "Datasets") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.328) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100655@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In order to investigate the likelihood of interaction of human proteins, 62322 human protein sequences were downloaded from the International Protein Index (IPI) database (version 3.16) 64.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "order") (:form . "order") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigate") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . 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(:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.329) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100656@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Some of these proteins are alternative transcripts of the same gene but can have distinct interaction partners.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "Some") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "alternative") (:form . "alternative") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transcript") (:form . 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".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.330) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100657@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Known interactions were downloaded from the Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD; June 2006 version) 15.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "known") (:form . "Known") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "downloade") (:form . "downloaded") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . 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(:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.336) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100663@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both non-interacting protein datasets were cleaned by removing all protein pairs that came from the positive dataset as well as protein pairs that were annotated as interacting in other databases (DIP 65: 679 interactions, BIND 66: 2650 interactions), or predicted to interact in other studies (OPHID 67: 21815 interactions).@(((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-interacting") (:form . "non-interacting")\n (:end . 20) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . 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(:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.338) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100665@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These 22889 human proteins are encoded by 16904 distinct genes and are referred to as the Informative Protein Set.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "22889") (:form . "22889") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . 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"NNP") (:stem . "Protein") (:form . "Protein") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Set") (:form . "Set") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.339) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100666@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The randomly-generated negative dataset used for the training and testing of the predictor was created by selecting protein pairs at random from the Informative Protein Set.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "randomly-generated") (:form . "randomly-generated")\n (:end . 22) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . 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(:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.351) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100678@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This learning method was chosen because it allows the integration of highly heterogeneous data in a model that is easy to interpret and that can readily accommodate missing data.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "learn") (:form . "learning") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "choose") (:form . "chosen") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.355) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100682@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This posterior odds ratio can be re-written using Bayes rule: Opost = P(I|f1,..., fn)P(~I|f1,..., fn)=P(f1,..., fn|I)∗P(I)P(f1,..., fn)P(f1,..., fn|~I)∗P(~I)P(f1,..., fn)=P(f1,..., fn|I)∗P(I)P(f,..., fn|~I∗P(~I)=P(I)P(~I∗P(f1,..., fn|I)P(f1,..., fn|~I)=Oprior∗LR(1,...,fn) where I is a binary variable representing interaction, ~I represents non-interaction, f1 through fn are the features we are considering, Oprior is the prior odds ratio and LR is the likelihood ratio.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "posterior") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 472) (:start . 471)\n (:id . 125)))@@@1@84@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.356) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100683@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If the features considered are independent, the likelihood ratio LR can be calculated as the product of the individual likelihood ratios with respect to the features considered separately.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . 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"product") (:form . "product") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "individual") (:form . "individual") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 141) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "respect") (:form . "respect") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 156) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "separately") (:form . "separately") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.357) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100684@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If the features are not independent, all possible combinations of all states of these features must be considered, which can be computationally quite intensive.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "independent") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 36) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "state") (:form . "states") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "must") (:form . "must") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "computationally") (:form . "computationally")\n (:end . 143) (:start . 128) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "quite") (:form . "quite") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intensive") (:form . "intensive") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.358.1) (:span 121 124)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.358.2) (:span 20 23)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.358.1) (:span 121 159)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.358.2) (:span 20 35)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.358) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100685@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the independent case, the likelihood ratio can be calculated as: LR(f1,...,fn)=[P(f1,..., fn|I)P(f1,..., fn|~I)]=∏i=1n[P(fi|I)P(fi~I)]@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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":") (:form . ":") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "LR(f1") (:form . "LR(f1") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . "…") (:form . "…") (:end . 74) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . ",fn)=[P(f1") (:form . ",fn)=[P(f1") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . "…") (:form . "…") (:end . 88) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . ", fn|I)P(f1") (:form . ", fn|I)P(f1") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . "…") (:form . "…") (:end . 103) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . ", fn|~I)]=∏i=1n[P(fi|I)P(fi~I)")\n (:form . ", fn|~I)]=∏i=1n[P(fi|I)P(fi~I)") (:end . 136) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.359) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100686@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The likelihood ratios for the different features considered can be estimated by evaluating the ratio of the proportion of interacting and non-interacting proteins for which a particular state of the feature is true in the training set (i.e. by determining to which bin of the feature the protein pair belongs, for every protein pair in the positive and negative training sets).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . 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"every") (:end . 319)\n (:start . 314) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 327)\n (:start . 320) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 332) (:start . 328)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 335) (:start . 333)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 339) (:start . 336)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 348)\n (:start . 340) (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 352) (:start . 349)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 361)\n (:start . 353) (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 370)\n (:start . 362) (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 375) (:start . 371)\n (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 376) (:start . 375)\n (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 377) (:start . 376)\n (:id . 106)))@@@1@65@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.360) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100687@unknown@formal@none@1@S@More precisely, the training step consisted of calculating the respective proportions of positive and negative examples that fall into each bin of the feature(s) considered (i.e. that have a particular state).@(((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "More") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "precisely") (:form . "precisely") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "step") (:form . "step") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "consist") (:form . "consisted") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculating") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "respective") (:form . "respective") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportions") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negative") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "example") (:form . "examples") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "fall") (:form . "fall") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bin") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "feature(s)") (:form . "feature(s)") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "i.e.") (:form . "i.e.") (:end . 178) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 183) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 188) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "particular") (:form . "particular") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "state") (:form . "state") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.361) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100688@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The likelihood ratio of interaction for a given state is simply the ratio of the proportion of all positives that have that state divided by the proportion of all negatives that have that same state.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "state") (:form . "state") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "simply") (:form . "simply") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportion") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positives") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "state") (:form . "state") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "divide") (:form . "divided") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportion") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 158) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 162) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negatives") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 177) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 182) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 187) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 192) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "state") (:form . "state") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.362) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100690@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Additionally, when no data are available for a specific feature (for a given pair of proteins), the likelihood of the feature is set to 1.0.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "additionally") (:form . "Additionally") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "feature") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "feature") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 135) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1.0") (:form . "1.0") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.364.1) (:span 19 21)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.364.1) (:span 19 94)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.364) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100691@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For a detailed calculation of the likelihoods see Additional File 4.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "detailed") (:form . "detailed") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "calculation") (:form . "calculation") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihoods") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "File") (:form . "File") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.365) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100692@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Prior odds ratio estimate@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prior") (:form . "Prior") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimate") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.366) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100693@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The prior odds ratio (Oprior) is difficult to estimate because we do not know all the true interactions, even for a small subset of proteins.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prior") (:form . "prior") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Oprior") (:form . "Oprior") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "difficult") (:form . "difficult") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimate") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "know") (:form . "know") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "even") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "small") (:form . "small") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subset") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.367.1) (:span 69 72)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.367.1) (:span 69 140)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.367) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100694@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The prior odds ratio of interaction for yeast was estimated by combining all protein-protein interactions (but only those related to direct physical interactions, and no entries derived by synthetic lethal-type experiments) from the BIND, DIP and GRID databases 656669.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prior") (:form . "prior") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yeast") (:form . "yeast") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combining") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-protein") (:form . "protein-protein")\n (:end . 92) (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 115) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "relate") (:form . "related") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "direct") (:form . "direct") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "physical") (:form . "physical") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 166) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 169) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "entry") (:form . "entries") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 188) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "synthetic") (:form . "synthetic") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lethal-type") (:form . "lethal-type") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 222)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 223) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 228) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 232) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BIND") (:form . "BIND") (:end . 237) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 238) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DIP") (:form . "DIP") (:end . 242) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 246) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GRID") (:form . "GRID") (:end . 251) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "database") (:form . "databases") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 252) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "656669") (:form . "656669") (:end . 268)\n (:start . 262) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 269) (:start . 268)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.368.1) (:span 167 169)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.368.1) (:span 167 261)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.368) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100695@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This subset of interactions contains 36466 distinct interactions involving 5202 distinct proteins, thus resulting in a prior odds ratio of 1/370.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subset") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "36466") (:form . "36466") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involving") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5202") (:form . "5202") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "result") (:form . "resulting") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prior") (:form . "prior") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 138) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1/370") (:form . "1/370") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.369) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100696@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is most likely a conservative estimate since a certain proportion of interactions remain unknown and so when more data become available, the prior odds ratio will increase.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "conservative") (:form . "conservative") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimate") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "since") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "certain") (:form . "certain") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportion") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remain") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . "unknown") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "so") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "become") (:form . "become") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prior") (:form . "prior") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 156) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 167) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increase") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.370.1) (:span 94 101)) ((:id . :x2.370.2) (:span 13 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.370.1) (:span 50 101))\n ((:id . :x2.370.2) (:span 13 43)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.370) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100697@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For human proteins, 12191 distinct interactions were recovered, involving 5164 human proteins from the September 2005 version of the HPRD 15 and 26896 distinct interactions involving 7531 human proteins from the June 2006 version, leading respectively to prior odds estimates of 1/1093 and 1/1053.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "12191") (:form . "12191") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "recover") (:form . "recovered") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involving") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5164") (:form . "5164") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "September") (:form . "September") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2005") (:form . "2005") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "version") (:form . "version") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HPRD") (:form . "HPRD") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "15") (:form . "15") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "26896") (:form . "26896") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involving") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "7531") (:form . "7531") (:end . 187) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 207) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 211) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "June") (:form . "June") (:end . 216) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2006") (:form . "2006") (:end . 221) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "version") (:form . "version") (:end . 229)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 230) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "lead") (:form . "leading") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 231) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 251)\n (:start . 239) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 254) (:start . 252)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prior") (:form . "prior") (:end . 260)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 265) (:start . 261)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimates") (:end . 275)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 278) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1/1093") (:form . "1/1093") (:end . 285)\n (:start . 279) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 289) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1/1053") (:form . "1/1053") (:end . 296)\n (:start . 290) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 297) (:start . 296)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.371) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100698@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, taking the subset of 5164 proteins from the September 2005 version that are seen in the June 2006 version (20842 distinct interactions), gave a prior odds of interaction estimate of 1/639.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "take") (:form . "taking") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subset") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5164") (:form . "5164") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "September") (:form . "September") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2005") (:form . "2005") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "version") (:form . "version") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "see") (:form . "seen") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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"VBD") (:stem . "give") (:form . "gave") (:end . 150) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prior") (:form . "prior") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 163) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 166) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimate") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 190) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1/639") (:form . "1/639") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.372) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100700@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Accordingly, it is reasonable to conclude that there are not enough known human interactions to calculate a realistic and stable estimate of the prior odds ratio of interactions for human.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "accordingly") (:form . "Accordingly") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "reasonable") (:form . "reasonable") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"calculate") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "realistic") (:form . "realistic") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "stable") (:form . "stable") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimate") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prior") (:form . "prior") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "odd") (:form . "odds") (:end . 155) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 181) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.374.1) (:span 57 60)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.374.1) (:span 57 187)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.374) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100701@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As a consequence, a prior odds ratio of 1/400 was used for all work in the paper, which is similar to the estimate for yeast and is likely still an underestimate of the true value.@(((:tag . 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"underestimate")\n (:end . 161) (:start . 148) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 168) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 173) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.375.1) (:span 132 138)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.375.1) (:span 132 179)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.375) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100702@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Features@(((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Feature") (:form . "Features") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.376) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100703@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Seven distinct features combined into five modules were investigated as summarized in Table 1 and described below.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "seven") (:form . "Seven") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "five") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . 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".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.377) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100704@unknown@formal@none@1@S@1.@(((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 2) (:start . 1) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.378) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100705@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Expression module@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.379) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100706@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Expression data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus 70.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "downloade") (:form . "downloaded") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gene") (:form . "Gene") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Omnibus") (:form . "Omnibus") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "70") (:form . "70") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.380) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100707@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The GDS596 dataset was used which examines gene expression profiles from 79 physiologically normal tissues obtained from various sources 71.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GDS596") (:form . "GDS596") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examines") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "profile") (:form . "profiles") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "79") (:form . "79") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "physiologically") (:form . "physiologically")\n (:end . 91) (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "normal") (:form . "normal") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tissue") (:form . "tissues") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtained") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "various") (:form . "various") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "source") (:form . "sources") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "71") (:form . "71") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.381) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100708@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Expression data were recovered for 10642 distinct transcripts in 158 different arrays (2 arrays per tissue).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "recover") (:form . "recovered") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10642") (:form . "10642") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transcript") (:form . "transcripts") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "158") (:form . "158") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "array") (:form . "arrays") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "array") (:form . "arrays") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "per") (:form . "per") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tissue") (:form . "tissue") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.382) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100710@unknown@formal@none@1@S@2.@(((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 2) (:start . 1) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.384) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100711@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Orthology module@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . "Orthology") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.385) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100712@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Orthology maps between human and yeast, worm and fly were downloaded from the InParanoid database 72.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . "Orthology") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "map") (:form . "maps") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yeast") (:form . "yeast") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "worm") (:form . "worm") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "downloade") (:form . "downloaded") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inparanoid") (:form . "InParanoid") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "database") (:form . "database") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "72") (:form . "72") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.386) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100713@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interaction datasets for model organisms were downloaded from the BIND 66, DIP 65 and GRID 69 databases.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Interaction") (:form . "Interaction") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "downloade") (:form . "downloaded") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BIND") (:form . "BIND") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "66") (:form . "66") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DIP") (:form . "DIP") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "65") (:form . "65") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "grid") (:form . "GRID") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "69") (:form . "69") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "database") (:form . "databases") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.387) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100714@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Orthology interaction data were classified into 13 bins.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . "Orthology") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "classify") (:form . "classified") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "13") (:form . "13") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.388) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100715@unknown@formal@none@1@S@High, medium and low confidence bins were defined for human protein pairs that have interacting orthologs in either yeast, fly or worm (for a total of 9 bins).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "High") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "medium") (:form . "medium") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low") (:form . "low") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "confidence") (:form . "confidence") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ortholog") (:form . "orthologs") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yeast") (:form . "yeast") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "worm") (:form . "worm") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 150) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "9") (:form . "9") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 157) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.389) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100716@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The high confidence bins were populated by human protein pairs that have interacting orthologs that both achieve an InParanoid score of 1 (i.e. both proteins involved in an interaction in another organism are respectively the best orthology match for the two human proteins under consideration).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "confidence") (:form . "confidence") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "populate") (:form . "populated") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ortholog") (:form . "orthologs") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieve") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inparanoid") (:form . "InParanoid") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 135) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "i.e.") (:form . "i.e.") (:end . 143) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 148) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involved") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 169) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 172) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 187) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 208) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 225) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "good") (:form . "best") (:end . 230) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "orthology") (:form . "orthology") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 231) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "match") (:form . "match") (:end . 246)\n (:start . 241) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 250) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 254) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 258) (:start . 255)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 264)\n (:start . 259) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 273)\n (:start . 265) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "under") (:end . 279)\n (:start . 274) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consideration") (:form . "consideration")\n (:end . 293) (:start . 280) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 294) (:start . 293)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 295) (:start . 294)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.390) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100717@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The medium confidence bins were populated by human protein pairs that have interacting orthologs but only one of the interacting orthologs has an InParanoid score of 1.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "medium") (:form . "medium") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "confidence") (:form . "confidence") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "populate") (:form . "populated") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ortholog") (:form . "orthologs") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 105) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ortholog") (:form . "orthologs") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inparanoid") (:form . "InParanoid") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 165) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.391) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100718@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The low confidence bins were filled by human protein pairs that have interacting orthologs according to InParanoid but neither achieves a score of 1 (i.e. neither is the best match for the two human proteins under consideration).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low") (:form . "low") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "confidence") (:form . 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"which") (:end . 485)\n (:start . 480) (:id . 115))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 491)\n (:start . 486) (:id . 116))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 496) (:start . 492)\n (:id . 117))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 499) (:start . 497)\n (:id . 118))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "localization") (:form . "localization") (:end . 512)\n (:start . 500) (:id . 119))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 524)\n (:start . 513) (:id . 120))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 525) (:start . 524)\n (:id . 121)))@@@1@80@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.398.1) (:span 497 499)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.398.1) (:span 497 524)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.398) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100725@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Neighboring compartments were chosen as compartment pairs sharing a high proportion of proteins, as investigated previously 54.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "neighbor") (:form . "Neighboring") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "compartment") (:form . "compartments") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "choose") (:form . "chosen") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "compartment") (:form . 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"RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "54") (:form . "54") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.399) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100726@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Co-occurrence of domains@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-occurrence") (:form . "Co-occurrence")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44)))@@@1@3@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.400) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100727@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The chi-square test was used as a measure of the likelihood of co-occurrence of specific InterPro domains and motifs 73 in protein pairs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "chi-square") (:form . "chi-square") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measure") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-occurrence") (:form . "co-occurrence")\n (:end . 76) (:start . 63) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "InterPro") (:form . "InterPro") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "73") (:form . "73") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.401) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100728@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Chi-square scores were calculated for all pairs of domains/motifs that occurred in the training data and were then grouped into 5 bins of increasing value.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "chi-square") (:form . "Chi-square") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domains/motif") (:form . "domains/motifs")\n (:end . 65) (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occurred") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 114) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "group") (:form . "grouped") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increasing") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.402) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100730@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When protein pairs contained more than one domain pair, the domain pair assigned to the highest Chi-square score bin was used to assign a likelihood of interaction.@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contained") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "assign") (:form . "assigned") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "chi-square") (:form . "Chi-square") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bin") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 125) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "assign") (:form . "assign") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.404) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100731@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Post-translational modification (PTM) pair co-occurrence@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "post-translational") (:form . "Post-translational")\n (:end . 18) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "modification") (:form . "modification") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PTM") (:form . "PTM") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-occurrence") (:form . "co-occurrence")\n (:end . 56) (:start . 43) (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.405) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100732@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Likelihoods were assessed using a PTM pair enrichment score calculated as the probability of co-occurrence of two specific PTMs in all pairs of interacting protein pairs divided by the probability of occurrence of both of these PTMs separately: PTM_score=P(PTM[i],PTM[j]|I)P(PTM[i]|I)∗P(PTM[j]|I) where PTM[i] and PTM[j] are distinct PTMs and I is the set of all interacting proteins that were used to train the predictor.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Likelihood") (:form . "Likelihoods") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "assess") (:form . "assessed") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PTM") (:form . "PTM") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enrichment") (:form . "enrichment") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "probability") (:form . "probability") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-occurrence") (:form . "co-occurrence")\n (:end . 106) (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 109) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ptm") (:form . "PTMs") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "divide") (:form . "divided") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 180) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 184) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "probability") (:form . "probability") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 199) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "occurrence") (:form . "occurrence") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 213) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 218) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 221) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 227)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ptm") (:form . "PTMs") (:end . 232) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "separately") (:form . "separately") (:end . 243)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 244) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "RB")\n (:stem . "PTM_score=P(PTM[i],PTM[j]|I)P(PTM[i]|I)∗P(PTM[j]|I)")\n (:form . "PTM_score=P(PTM[i],PTM[j]|I)P(PTM[i]|I)∗P(PTM[j]|I)") (:end . 296)\n (:start . 245) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 302)\n (:start . 297) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PTM[i") (:form . "PTM[i") (:end . 308)\n (:start . 303) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 309) (:start . 308)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 313) (:start . 310)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PTM[j") (:form . "PTM[j") (:end . 319)\n (:start . 314) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 320) (:start . 319)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 324) (:start . 321)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 333)\n (:start . 325) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ptm") (:form . "PTMs") (:end . 338) (:start . 334)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 342) (:start . 339)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "i") (:form . "I") (:end . 344) (:start . 343)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 347) (:start . 345)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 351) (:start . 348)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 355) (:start . 352)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 358) (:start . 356)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 362) (:start . 359)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 374)\n (:start . 363) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 383)\n (:start . 375) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 388) (:start . 384)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 393) (:start . 389)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 398) (:start . 394)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 401) (:start . 399)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "train") (:form . "train") (:end . 407)\n (:start . 402) (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 411) (:start . 408)\n (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 421)\n (:start . 412) (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 422) (:start . 421)\n (:id . 107)))@@@1@66@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.406) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100733@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The annotations of PTMs in human proteins were downloaded from UniProt 76 and HPRD 15.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "annotation") (:form . "annotations") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ptm") (:form . "PTMs") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "downloade") (:form . "downloaded") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "UniProt") (:form . "UniProt") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "76") (:form . "76") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HPRD") (:form . "HPRD") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "15") (:form . "15") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.407) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100734@unknown@formal@none@1@S@PTM instances described as "predicted", "probable" or "possible" were excluded, leaving 3439 distinct proteins with PTM annotations in the training set.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PTM") (:form . "PTM") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "instance") (:form . "instances") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "probable") (:form . "probable") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excluded") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "leave") (:form . "leaving") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3439") (:form . "3439") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 115) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ptm") (:form . "PTM") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "annotation") (:form . "annotations") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 138) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.408) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100735@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The PTM pair enrichment scores were grouped into 4 bins of increasing value.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PTM") (:form . "PTM") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enrichment") (:form . "enrichment") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "group") (:form . "grouped") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increasing") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.409) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100736@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The localization, co-occurrence of domains, and PTMs were considered simultaneously to measure their predictive power in assessing the likelihood of protein interaction.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "localization") (:form . "localization") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-occurrence") (:form . "co-occurrence")\n (:end . 31) (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PTM") (:form . "PTMs") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "simultaneously") (:form . "simultaneously")\n (:end . 83) (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measure") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "predictive") (:form . "predictive") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "power") (:form . "power") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "assess") (:form . "assessing") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.410) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100737@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To do this, all possible combinations of the 4 localization bins, 5 chi-square domain-co-occurrence bins and 4 PTM_score bins were investigated and are referred to as the combined module.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "localization") (:form . "localization") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "chi-square") (:form . "chi-square") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain-co-occurrence")\n (:form . "domain-co-occurrence") (:end . 99) (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PTM_score") (:form . "PTM_score") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 125) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigated") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 147) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "referred") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 163) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 166) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 170) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "combined") (:form . "combined") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.411) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100738@unknown@formal@none@1@S@4.@(((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 2) (:start . 1) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.412) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100740@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It has been suggested that unstructured regions of proteins are often involved in binding interactions, particularly in the case of transient interactions 77.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggested") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unstructured") (:form . "unstructured") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "often") (:form . "often") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involved") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "particularly") (:form . "particularly") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transient") (:form . "transient") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "77") (:form . "77") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.414.1) (:span 12 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.414.1) (:span 12 154)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.414) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100741@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Protein intrinsic disorder was predicted for all proteins considered by using the VSL2B predictor 78.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "Protein") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intrinsic") (:form . "intrinsic") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "disorder") (:form . "disorder") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "VSL2B") (:form . "VSL2B") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "78") (:form . "78") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.415) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100742@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The disorder score for protein pairs was then calculated as the sum of percent disorder for each protein of the pair.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "disorder") (:form . "disorder") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sum") (:form . "sum") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "percent") (:form . "percent") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "disorder") (:form . "disorder") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.416) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100743@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Disorder scores were grouped into 6 bins of increasing value.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "disorder") (:form . "Disorder") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "group") (:form . "grouped") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increasing") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.417) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100744@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Expression, Orthology, Combined and Disorder modules are referred collectively as the Group A modules.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Orthology") (:form . "Orthology") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Combined") (:form . "Combined") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Disorder") (:form . "Disorder") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "referred") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "collectively") (:form . "collectively") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Group") (:form . "Group") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . "A") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.418) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100745@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Likelihood ratios for each of the Group A modules are illustrated in Figure 1A (see Additional File 4 for complete likelihood ratios for every possible state of these modules and for detailed calculations of these likelihood ratios).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "Likelihood") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Group") (:form . "Group") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . "A") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "illustrate") (:form . "illustrated") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1a") (:form . "1A") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "File") (:form . "File") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complete") (:form . "complete") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "every") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "state") (:form . "state") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 178) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 182) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "detailed") (:form . "detailed") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "calculation") (:form . "calculations") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 207) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 231)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 232) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 233) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.419) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100746@unknown@formal@none@1@S@5.@(((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 2) (:start . 1) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.420) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100747@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transitive module@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.421) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100748@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The transitive module works on the premise that a pair of proteins is more likely to interact if it shares interacting partners.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "transitive") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "work") (:form . "works") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "premise") (:form . "premise") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "share") (:form . "shares") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "partner") (:form . "partners") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.422.1) (:span 75 81)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.422.1) (:span 48 127)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.422) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100750@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, the transitive module takes as input the product of the likelihood ratios of all other modules considered by the predictor (as illustrated in Figure 1B).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "transitive") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "take") (:form . "takes") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "input") (:form . "input") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "product") (:form . "product") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "illustrate") (:form . "illustrated") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1b") (:form . "1B") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.424) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100751@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For each pair of proteins in the training set, the product of the likelihood ratios from all other modules (referred to as the preliminary score (PS) in Figure 1) was calculated for all protein pairs neighboring the pair (i.e. all protein pairs which involve one protein from the initial protein pair under study and for which it is possible to calculate such a score).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "product") (:form . "product") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "referred") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "preliminary") (:form . "preliminary") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PS") (:form . "PS") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 166) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 181) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "neighbor") (:form . "neighboring") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 215) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 220) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "i.e.") (:form . "i.e.") (:end . 226) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 230) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 231) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 244)\n (:start . 239) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 250)\n (:start . 245) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involve") (:end . 258)\n (:start . 251) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 262) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 270)\n (:start . 263) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 275) (:start . 271)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 279) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "initial") (:form . "initial") (:end . 287)\n (:start . 280) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 295)\n (:start . 288) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 300) (:start . 296)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "under") (:end . 306)\n (:start . 301) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 312)\n (:start . 307) (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 316) (:start . 313)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 320) (:start . 317)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 326)\n (:start . 321) (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 329) (:start . 327)\n (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 332) (:start . 330)\n (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 341)\n (:start . 333) (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 344) (:start . 342)\n (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculate") (:end . 354)\n (:start . 345) (:id . 108))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 359) (:start . 355)\n (:id . 109))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 361) (:start . 360)\n (:id . 110))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 367)\n (:start . 362) (:id . 111))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 368) (:start . 367)\n (:id . 112))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 369) (:start . 368)\n (:id . 113)))@@@1@72@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.425.1) (:span 333 341)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.425.1) (:span 333 367)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.425) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100752@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All preliminary scores above 10 were kept.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "preliminary") (:form . "preliminary") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "keep") (:form . "kept") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.426) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100753@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This parameter was determined empirically.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameter") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determined") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "empirically") (:form . "empirically") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.427) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100754@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A neighborhood topology score T was then calculated as follows:@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "neighborhood") (:form . "neighborhood") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "topology") (:form . "topology") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "follows") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.428) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100755@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transitive module hypothesis@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hypothesis") (:form . "hypothesis") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44)))@@@1@3@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.429) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100756@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transitive module hypothesis.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hypothesis") (:form . "hypothesis") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.430) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100757@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Transitive module investigates whether two proteins (such as i and j) that share many common interactors and have few additional interactors that are not common to both proteins are more likely to interact than two proteins (such as i' and j') that share few common interactors.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "Transitive") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigates") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "i") (:form . "i") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "j") (:form . "j") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "share") (:form . "share") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interactor") (:form . "interactors") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "few") (:form . "few") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "additional") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interactor") (:form . "interactors") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 149) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 153) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 172) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 190) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 200) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 214) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 218) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 227)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 229) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 233) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 236) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "i") (:form . "i") (:end . 238) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'") (:form . "’") (:end . 239) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 243) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "j") (:form . "j") (:end . 245) (:start . 244)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "'") (:form . "’") (:end . 246) (:start . 245)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 247) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 252) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "share") (:form . "share") (:end . 258)\n (:start . 253) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "few") (:form . "few") (:end . 262) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 269)\n (:start . 263) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interactor") (:form . "interactors") (:end . 281)\n (:start . 270) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 282) (:start . 281)\n (:id . 95)))@@@1@54@((:hcues ((:id . :x2.431.2) (:span 191 197))\n ((:id . :x2.431.3) (:span 35 42)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x2.431.1) (:span 154 157)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x2.431.2) (:span 43 281))\n ((:id . :x2.431.3) (:span 35 281)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.431.1) (:span 154 181)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.431) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100758@unknown@formal@none@1@S@T=∑e∈Ecse1+|Ei\\Ec|+|Ej\\Ec| where Ec is the set of edges that connect proteins i and j to their common interactors, Ei is the set of edges that involve protein i, se is the score (likelihood ratio) of edge e and Ei\\Ec refers to the set difference of Ei and Ec.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "T=∑e∈Ecse1+|Ei\\\\Ec|+|Ej\\\\Ec|")\n (:form . "T=∑e∈Ecse1+|Ei\\\\Ec|+|Ej\\\\Ec|") (:end . 26) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ec") (:form . "Ec") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "edge") (:form . "edges") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "connect") (:form . "connect") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "i") (:form . "i") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "j") (:form . "j") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interactor") (:form . "interactors") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ei") (:form . "Ei") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 128) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "edge") (:form . "edges") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involve") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "i") (:form . "i") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "se") (:form . "se") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 171) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 199) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "edge") (:form . "edge") (:end . 204) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e") (:form . "e") (:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 210) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ei\\\\Ec") (:form . "Ei\\\\Ec") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "refers") (:end . 223)\n (:start . 217) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 226) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 230) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 234) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "difference") (:form . "difference") (:end . 245)\n (:start . 235) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 248) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ei") (:form . "Ei") (:end . 251) (:start . 249)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 255) (:start . 252)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ec") (:form . "Ec") (:end . 258) (:start . 256)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 259) (:start . 258)\n (:id . 94)))@@@1@53@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.432) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100760@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Additionally, the topology score T of a pair of proteins increases as the proportion of likely interactors that these two proteins share increases.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "additionally") (:form . "Additionally") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "topology") (:form . "topology") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "t") (:form . "T") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increases") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportion") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interactor") (:form . "interactors") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "share") (:form . "share") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increases") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.434) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100761@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The topology scores were grouped into 5 bins of increasing value.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "topology") (:form . "topology") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "group") (:form . "grouped") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bin") (:form . "bins") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increasing") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.435) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100762@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It should be noted that the neighborhood topology score calculated for a given protein pair does not consider the preliminary score assigned to that protein pair.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "should") (:form . "should") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"that") (:end . 148) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 161) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.436.1) (:span 97 100)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.436.1) (:span 97 161)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.436) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100763@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It only considers the preliminary scores of its neighbors and so is truly based on the local network topology around that protein pair.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "consider") (:form . 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(:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.437) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100764@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Accordingly, the likelihood ratio the transitive module outputs for a given protein pair is independent of the likelihood ratio calculated by the Group A modules for this same protein pair.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "accordingly") (:form . "Accordingly") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transitive") (:form . "transitive") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "module") (:form . "module") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "output") (:form . "outputs") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "independent") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 141) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Group") (:form . "Group") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . "A") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 175) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 188) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.438) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100765@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Correlation analysis@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "Correlation") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.439) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100766@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Pearson correlation between pairs of modules was estimated by taking 150 samples of 10000 protein pairs each and calculating the Pearson correlation of the likelihood ratios for the two modules considered, for each sample.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pearson") (:form . "Pearson") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "take") (:form . "taking") (:end . 72) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "150") (:form . "150") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sample") (:form . "samples") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10000") (:form . "10000") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculating") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pearson") (:form . "Pearson") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 155) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 159) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "likelihood") (:form . "likelihood") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratios") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 181) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 189) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 213) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 218) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sample") (:form . "sample") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.440) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100767@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The reported correlation values are the average of the 150 experiments.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "150") (:form . "150") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.441) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100768@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Samples of the protein pair space were taken instead of considering the whole space as this was more computationally tractable.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sample") (:form . "Samples") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "space") (:form . "space") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "taken") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "instead") (:form . "instead") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considering") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "whole") (:form . "whole") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "space") (:form . "space") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "computationally") (:form . "computationally")\n (:end . 116) (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tractable") (:form . "tractable") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:ncues ((:id . :x2.442.1) (:span 45 55)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x2.442.1) (:span 45 83)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s2.442) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100770@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The accuracy of the predictors was measured by performing five-fold cross validation experiments in which the datasets were randomly divided into five non-overlapping sets, four of which were used to train the predictor while the fifth was used to test the prediction accuracy.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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",") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 177) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 180) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 191) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 196) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 199) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "train") (:form . "train") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 209) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predictor") (:form . "predictor") (:end . 219)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 229) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fifth") (:form . "fifth") (:end . 235)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 239) (:start . 236)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 244) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 247) (:start . 245)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 252) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 256) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 267)\n (:start . 257) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 276)\n (:start . 268) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 277) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.444) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100771@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The accuracy reported is the average measured for all combinations of training and testing sets using these five sets.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measured") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "testing") (:form . "testing") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "five") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.445) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100772@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Testing was done by predicting the total likelihood scores for all protein pairs in the test set using the models computed in the training phase and then counting the number of pairs that were well predicted.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Testing") (:form . "Testing") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "do") (:form . "done") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . 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(:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.447) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100774@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves plot the true positive rate versus the false positive rate over their full range of possible values.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receiver") (:form . "Receiver") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "operator") (:form . "operator") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "characteristic") (:form . "characteristic")\n (:end . 32) (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ROC") (:form . "ROC") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "curve") (:form . 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"IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "full") (:form . "full") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "range") (:form . "range") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s2.448) (:did . :1471-2105-8-239)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100775@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In some circumstances, it is more informative to use partial ROC curves (ROCn curves) which illustrate the number of true positives identified by the predictor that score higher than the n highest scoring negatives, plotted for all values from 0 to n.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "circumstance") (:form . "circumstances")\n (:end . 21) (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"Background") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.3) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100784@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Despite the diversity of motif representations and search algorithms, the de novo computational identification of transcription factor binding sites remains constrained by the limited accuracy of existing algorithms and the need for user-specified input parameters that describe the motif being sought.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "despite") (:form . "Despite") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "diversity") (:form . "diversity") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . 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"limited") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 195) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exist") (:form . "existing") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 219) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 223) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "need") (:form . "need") (:end . 228) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 232) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "user-specified") (:form . "user-specified")\n (:end . 247) (:start . 233) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "input") (:form . "input") (:end . 253)\n (:start . 248) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 264)\n (:start . 254) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 269) (:start . 265)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "describe") (:end . 278)\n (:start . 270) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 282) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 288)\n (:start . 283) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "be") (:form . "being") (:end . 294) (:start . 289)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "seek") (:form . "sought") (:end . 301)\n (:start . 295) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 302) (:start . 301)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.4) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100785@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Results@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "Results") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.5) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100786@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We present a novel ensemble learning method, SCOPE, that is based on the assumption that transcription factor binding sites belong to one of three broad classes of motifs:: non-degenerate, degenerate and gapped motifs.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"one") (:end . 137) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "broad") (:form . "broad") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "class") (:form . "classes") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 163) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-degenerate") (:form . "non-degenerate")\n (:end . 187) (:start . 173) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "degenerate") (:form . "degenerate") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 203) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "gapped") (:form . "gapped") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.6.1) (:span 73 83)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.6.1) (:span 73 217)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.6) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100787@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SCOPE employs a unified scoring metric to combine the results from three motif finding algorithms each aimed at the discovery of one of these classes of motifs.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scope") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "employ") (:form . "employs") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unified") (:form . "unified") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scoring") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "metric") (:form . "metric") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combine") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "find") (:form . "finding") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "aim") (:form . "aimed") (:end . 108) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "discovery") (:form . "discovery") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 135) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "class") (:form . "classes") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.7) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100788@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We found that SCOPE's performance on 78 experimentally characterized regulons from four species was a substantial and statistically significant improvement over that of its component algorithms.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "78") (:form . "78") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "experimentally") (:form . "experimentally")\n (:end . 54) (:start . 40) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterized")\n (:end . 68) (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "substantial") (:form . "substantial") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "statistically") (:form . "statistically")\n (:end . 131) (:start . 118) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "improvement") (:form . "improvement") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 160) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 168) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 172) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.8) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100790@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conclusion@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "Conclusion") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.10) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100791@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SCOPE demonstrates that combining multiple, focused motif discovery algorithms can provide a significant gain in performance.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scope") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrates") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combining") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "focused") (:form . "focused") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "discovery") (:form . "discovery") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gain") (:form . "gain") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.11) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100792@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By building on components that efficiently search for motifs without user-defined parameters, SCOPE requires as input only a set of upstream sequences and a species designation, making it a practical choice for non-expert users.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "build") (:form . "building") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "component") (:form . "components") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.13) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100794@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Backgound@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Backgound") (:form . "Backgound") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.14) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100795@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The computational discovery of DNA binding sites for previously uncharacterized transcription factors in groups of co-regulated genes is a well-studied problem with a great deal of practical relevance to the biologist, since such binding sites provide targets for mutational analyses (for reviews see 123).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "computational") (:form . 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"a") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.18) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100800@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Most recent programs represent motifs as position weight matrices (PWMs), which record the frequency of each base at every position in the motif.@(((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . 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"PWMs") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 79) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "record") (:form . "record") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frequency") (:form . "frequency") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 108) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "base") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "every") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 138) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.20) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100801@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Other motif finding programs have relied on the use of consensus motif models (in which every base is represented by a letter of the 15-letter IUPAC code, which accounts for degeneracies as well as single bases) or k-mismatch motif models (in which a non-degenerate word with at most k allowed mismatches is used to represent the word).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "Other") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "finding") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "rely") (:form . "relied") (:end . 40) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "model") (:form . "models") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "every") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "base") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represented") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "letter") (:form . "letter") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "15-letter") (:form . "15-letter") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IUPAC") (:form . "IUPAC") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "code") (:form . "code") (:end . 153) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "account") (:form . "accounts") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 173) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "degeneracy") (:form . "degeneracies") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 189) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 194) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 197) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 214) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "k-mismatch") (:form . "k-mismatch") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 215) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 231)\n (:start . 226) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "model") (:form . "models") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 232) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 240) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 242) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 248)\n (:start . 243) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 250) (:start . 249)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-degenerate") (:form . "non-degenerate")\n (:end . 265) (:start . 251) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "word") (:form . "word") (:end . 270) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 275) (:start . 271)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 278) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 283) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "k") (:form . "k") (:end . 285) (:start . 284)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allowed") (:end . 293)\n (:start . 286) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mismatch") (:form . "mismatches") (:end . 304)\n (:start . 294) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 307) (:start . 305)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 312) (:start . 308)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 315) (:start . 313)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represent") (:end . 325)\n (:start . 316) (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 329) (:start . 326)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "word") (:form . "word") (:end . 334) (:start . 330)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 335) (:start . 334)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 336) (:start . 335)\n (:id . 104)))@@@1@63@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.21) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100802@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Regardless of the motif model used, a search for all overrepresented motifs of any length and degree of degeneracy leads to a dauntingly large search space.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "regardless") (:form . "Regardless") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "overrepresented") (:form . "overrepresented")\n (:end . 68) (:start . 53) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degeneracy") (:form . "degeneracy") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "lead") (:form . "leads") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "dauntingly") (:form . "dauntingly") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large") (:form . "large") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "space") (:form . "space") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.22) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100803@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, motif finding algorithms restrict their search space by using simplified motif representations, employing heuristic search strategies that are prone to local optima, or invoking additional parameters to limit the search space and thereby pass some of the optimization process off to the user 3.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "finding") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "restrict") (:form . "restrict") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "space") (:form . "space") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "simplified") (:form . "simplified") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "representation") (:form . "representations")\n (:end . 100) (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "employ") (:form . "employing") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "heuristic") (:form . "heuristic") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "strategy") (:form . "strategies") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 144) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 148) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prone") (:form . "prone") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "local") (:form . "local") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "optimum") (:form . "optima") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 174) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "invoke") (:form . "invoking") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "additional") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 208) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "limit") (:form . "limit") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 218) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "space") (:form . "space") (:end . 231)\n (:start . 226) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 235) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thereby") (:form . "thereby") (:end . 243)\n (:start . 236) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "pass") (:form . "pass") (:end . 248) (:start . 244)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 253) (:start . 249)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 256) (:start . 254)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 260) (:start . 257)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "optimization") (:form . "optimization") (:end . 273)\n (:start . 261) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "process") (:form . "process") (:end . 281)\n (:start . 274) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "off") (:form . "off") (:end . 285) (:start . 282)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 288) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 292) (:start . 289)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "user") (:form . "user") (:end . 297) (:start . 293)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 299) (:start . 298)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 300) (:start . 299)\n (:id . 90)))@@@1@49@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.23) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100804@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Program parameters (such as motif length, number of occurrences and orientation) that cannot be reasonably specified by the user without prior knowledge about the true binding sites are referred to as nuisance parameters 4.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "Program") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . 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"orientation") (:form . "orientation") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cannot") (:form . "cannot") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "reasonably") (:form . "reasonably") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "specify") (:form . "specified") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "user") (:form . "user") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prior") (:form . "prior") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "knowledge") (:form . "knowledge") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 162) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 167) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "referred") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 197) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 200) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nuisance") (:form . "nuisance") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 223) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.24.1) (:span 129 136)) ((:id . :x3.24.2) (:span 86 92)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.24.1) (:span 129 181))\n ((:id . :x3.24.2) (:span 81 181)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.24) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100805@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Selection of the correct settings for these parameters is a crucial step in motif finding, and is often assumed to be the domain of experts.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selection") (:form . "Selection") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "correct") (:form . "correct") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "setting") (:form . "settings") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "crucial") (:form . "crucial") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "step") (:form . "step") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "finding") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "often") (:form . "often") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "assume") (:form . "assumed") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "expert") (:form . "experts") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.25.1) (:span 104 111)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.25.1) (:span 95 139)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.25) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100806@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In a recent evaluation, Hu and colleagues 4 compared the performance of five motif finders on a single prokaryotic genome, systematically exploring the effects of nuisance parameters, including expected motif length and number of occurrences.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 4) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "recent") (:form . "recent") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evaluation") (:form . "evaluation") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hu") (:form . "Hu") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "colleague") (:form . "colleagues") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "five") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prokaryotic") (:form . "prokaryotic") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "systematically") (:form . "systematically")\n (:end . 137) (:start . 123) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "explore") (:form . "exploring") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effects") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 162) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nuisance") (:form . "nuisance") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 219) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 229) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "occurrence") (:form . "occurrences") (:end . 241)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 242) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.26) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100807@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Every motif finder they tested was found to be sensitive to values used for these parameters.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "Every") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finder") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 30) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sensitive") (:form . "sensitive") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.27) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100808@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Guidance on the specific parameter settings to use for given motif finding situations is not provided in most publications presenting motif finders.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "guidance") (:form . "Guidance") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameter") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "setting") (:form . "settings") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "find") (:form . "finding") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "situation") (:form . "situations") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provided") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "publication") (:form . "publications") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "present") (:form . "presenting") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.28.1) (:span 89 92)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.28.1) (:span 0 147)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.28) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100810@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Nuisance parameters complicate the interpretation of performance comparisons as well.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nuisance") (:form . "Nuisance") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "complicate") (:form . "complicate") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interpretation") (:form . "interpretation")\n (:end . 49) (:start . 35) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparisons") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.30) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100811@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A recent large-scale performance comparison between thirteen different motif finding tools used expert knowledge in setting the parameters for every program 5.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "recent") (:form . "recent") (:end . 8) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large-scale") (:form . "large-scale") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparison") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "thirteen") (:form . "thirteen") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "finding") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tool") (:form . "tools") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "expert") (:form . "expert") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "knowledge") (:form . "knowledge") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "set") (:form . "setting") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "every") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.31) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100812@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Several of the programs contributing to the performance comparison were run with different parameter settings for each regulon, and in some cases, motifs were hand filtered as a post-processing step.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "Several") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "contribute") (:form . "contributing") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparison") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "run") (:form . "run") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameter") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "setting") (:form . "settings") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulon") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "case") (:form . "cases") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 158) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hand") (:form . "hand") (:end . 163) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filtered") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 175) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "post-processing") (:form . "post-processing")\n (:end . 193) (:start . 178) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "step") (:form . "step") (:end . 198) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.32) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100813@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Such performance comparisons evaluate not just algorithms but also the expertise of the users, making it difficult for a first-time user to select a motif finder on a principled basis.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "Such") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparisons") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "evaluate") (:form . "evaluate") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "just") (:form . "just") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expertise") (:form . "expertise") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "user") (:form . "users") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "make") (:form . "making") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "difficult") (:form . "difficult") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first-time") (:form . "first-time") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "user") (:form . "user") (:end . 136) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "select") (:form . "select") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finder") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "principled") (:form . "principled") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "basis") (:form . "basis") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.33) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100814@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A key result of the Tompa, et al. study was the finding that all of the motif finders had roughly the same average performance under a wide range of conditions and test statistics 5.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "key") (:form . "key") (:end . 5) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Tompa") (:form . "Tompa") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "finding") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "roughly") (:form . "roughly") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "under") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "wide") (:form . "wide") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "range") (:form . "range") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "condition") (:form . "conditions") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 168) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistics") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.34) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100815@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This finding was particularly notable because the motif finders studied employed a wide range of motif representations, scoring functions and search strategies and all were operated under the most favorable conditions possible.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "finding") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "particularly") (:form . "particularly") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "notable") (:form . "notable") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studied") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "employ") (:form . "employed") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "wide") (:form . "wide") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "range") (:form . "range") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 102) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "representation") (:form . "representations")\n (:end . 118) (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 141) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "strategy") (:form . "strategies") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 172) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "operate") (:form . "operated") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "under") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 191) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 196) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "favorable") (:form . "favorable") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "condition") (:form . "conditions") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.35) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100816@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although the average performance of the programs did not differ significantly, the authors found that, for each pair of programs, each program performed better than the other on some subset of the data 5.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "do") (:form . "did") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "differ") (:form . "differ") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 77) (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "author") (:form . "authors") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 96) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performed") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "good") (:form . "better") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 164) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 168) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 177) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 182) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subset") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 192) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 196) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.36) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100817@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Previous studies over smaller numbers of motif finders have found that no program clearly stands out as superior to the others and each program outperforms all others on some subset of the regulons 678.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "Previous") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "small") (:form . "smaller") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "number") (:form . "numbers") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "clearly") (:form . "clearly") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "stand") (:form . "stands") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RP") (:stem . "out") (:form . "out") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "superior") (:form . "superior") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "other") (:form . "others") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 135) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "outperform") (:form . "outperforms") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 159) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "other") (:form . "others") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 169) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 174) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subset") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 184) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 188) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "678") (:form . "678") (:end . 201) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.37.1) (:span 71 73)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.37.1) (:span 71 126)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.37) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100818@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This diversity of performance has led a number of authors to speculate that ensemble methods, comprising multiple motif finders, may lead to improvements in accuracy 158.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "diversity") (:form . "diversity") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "lead") (:form . "led") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "author") (:form . "authors") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "speculate") (:form . "speculate") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "comprise") (:form . "comprising") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "lead") (:form . "lead") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "improvement") (:form . "improvements") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 156) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "158") (:form . "158") (:end . 169) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.38.1) (:span 129 132)) ((:id . :x3.38.2) (:span 61 70)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.38.1) (:span 129 165))\n ((:id . :x3.38.2) (:span 61 165)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.38) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100820@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The final predictions are chosen from the ensemble of methods by a learning rule, which may be as simple as finding the maximum score from all the methods, or as complex as optimizing a weighted scoring scheme from among the methods.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "final") (:form . 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"learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "simple") (:form . "simple") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "find") (:form . "finding") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "maximum") (:form . "maximum") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 138) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 158) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 161) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 172) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "optimize") (:form . "optimizing") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "weighted") (:form . "weighted") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scoring") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scheme") (:form . "scheme") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 214) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "among") (:form . "among") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 215) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 224) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 233) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.40.1) (:span 88 91)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.40.1) (:span 88 232)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.40) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100821@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The construction of this learning rule is key to the performance of an ensemble learning method, as the performance of an ensemble method with an ineffective learning rule will be the average of the performance of its component algorithms.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "construction") (:form . "construction") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "key") (:form . "key") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ineffective") (:form . "ineffective") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 171) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 176) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 179) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 183) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 194) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 198) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 213) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 217) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 227)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 239) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.41) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100822@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this context, we note that Tompa et al. 5 found that, although every motif finding program tested had some regulons on which its performance was clearly superior, it was not possible a priori to predict which motif finder represented the best choice under any given set of conditions 5.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "context") (:form . "context") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "note") (:form . "note") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Tompa") (:form . "Tompa") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "although") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "every") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "finding") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 147) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "clearly") (:form . "clearly") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "superior") (:form . "superior") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 168) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 172) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 176) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "priori") (:form . 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(:end . 289) (:start . 288)\n (:id . 95)))@@@1@54@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.42.1) (:span 177 185)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x3.42.2) (:span 173 176)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.42.1) (:span 177 286)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.42.2) (:span 173 286)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.42) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100823@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This observation serves to illustrate the challenges to the construction of an effective learning rule.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observation") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "serve") (:form . "serves") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "illustrate") (:form . 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"rule") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.43) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100824@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To the best of our knowledge, only one study to date has explored ensemble learning in motif finding.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "good") (:form . "best") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "knowledge") (:form . "knowledge") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . 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"NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "finding") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.44) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100825@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Hu, Li and Kihara 4 described a simple ensemble method wherein the component programs were random restarts of the same stochastic algorithm (such as Gibbs sampling or Expectation Maximization) and the learning rule was a voting scheme in which the results of each random restart cast a "vote" for which positions in the DNA sequence should be part of the final reported motif (hereafter, we refer to this as the HLK method).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hu") (:form . "Hu") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . 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(:end . 424) (:start . 423)\n (:id . 122)))@@@1@81@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.45) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100826@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Under this scheme, the authors found that ensemble learning resulted in an increase in performance ranging from 6 to 45%.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "Under") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scheme") (:form . "scheme") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "author") (:form . "authors") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . 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(:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.46) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100827@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The HLK voting method provides a framework wherein a number of different motifs finders can be combined under the heuristic that if several motif finders make the same (or overlapping) prediction, then that prediction is accurate.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HLK") (:form . "HLK") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "voting") (:form . "voting") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provides") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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"VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "under") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "heuristic") (:form . "heuristic") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "make") (:form . "make") (:end . 158) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 220) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "accurate") (:form . "accurate") (:end . 229)\n (:start . 221) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 230) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.47.1) (:span 88 91)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.47.1) (:span 51 229)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.47) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100828@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we present a novel ensemble motif finder based on a different conceptual approach.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finder") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "conceptual") (:form . "conceptual") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approach") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.48) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100830@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, our ensemble uses three specialized algorithms whose search spaces restrict them to each of these three local optima (BEAM for non-degenerate motifs, PRISM for degenerate motifs and SPACER for bipartite motifs).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "use") (:form . "uses") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "specialize") (:form . "specialized") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WP$") (:stem . "whose") (:form . "whose") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "space") (:form . "spaces") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "restrict") (:form . "restrict") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "local") (:form . "local") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "optimum") (:form . "optima") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BEAM") (:form . "BEAM") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-degenerate") (:form . "non-degenerate")\n (:end . 147) (:start . 133) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prism") (:form . "PRISM") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "degenerate") (:form . "degenerate") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 187) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "spacer") (:form . "SPACER") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 198) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "bipartite") (:form . "bipartite") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.50) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100831@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have previously demonstrated that the greedy search strategies employed by each of these methods allow them to reliably search their respective motif domains without the use of nuisance parameters, as the algorithms themselves efficiently optimize the parameters that are typically forced on the users 101112.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrated") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "greedy") (:form . "greedy") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "strategy") (:form . "strategies") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "employ") (:form . "employed") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allow") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "reliably") (:form . "reliably") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "respective") (:form . "respective") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 172) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 176) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 179) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nuisance") (:form . "nuisance") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 203) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "themselves") (:form . "themselves") (:end . 229)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "efficiently") (:form . "efficiently") (:end . 241)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "optimize") (:form . "optimize") (:end . 250)\n (:start . 242) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 254) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 265)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 270) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 274) (:start . 271)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "typically") (:form . "typically") (:end . 284)\n (:start . 275) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "force") (:form . "forced") (:end . 291)\n (:start . 285) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 294) (:start . 292)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 298) (:start . 295)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "user") (:form . "users") (:end . 304)\n (:start . 299) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "101112") (:form . "101112") (:end . 311)\n (:start . 305) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 312) (:start . 311)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.51.1) (:span 161 168)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.51.1) (:span 161 199)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.51) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100832@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The results of these component algorithms are then combined using a learning rule that is simply the maximum score returned by each component algorithm.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "simply") (:form . "simply") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "maximum") (:form . "maximum") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "return") (:form . "returned") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 131) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithm") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.52) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100833@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To make comparisons possible, the motif scores returned by each algorithm are penalized according to the complexity of the motif.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "make") (:form . "make") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparisons") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "return") (:form . "returned") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithm") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "penalize") (:form . "penalized") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "accord") (:form . "according") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complexity") (:form . "complexity") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 122) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.53) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100834@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The resulting ensemble algorithm, SCOPE, has no nuisance parameters and performs significantly better than its component algorithms.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "result") (:form . "resulting") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithm") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nuisance") (:form . "nuisance") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performs") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 94) (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "better") (:form . "better") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.54.1) (:span 45 47)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.54.1) (:span 45 67)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.54) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100835@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition, we find that SCOPE performs favorably compared to a diverse range of existing methods and is robust to the presence of extraneous sequences in its input.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "find") (:form . "find") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performs") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "favorably") (:form . "favorably") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diverse") (:form . "diverse") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "range") (:form . "range") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exist") (:form . "existing") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "robust") (:form . "robust") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "extraneous") (:form . "extraneous") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 155) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 159) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "input") (:form . "input") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.55) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100836@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Results@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "Results") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.56) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100837@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Algorithm@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Algorithm") (:form . "Algorithm") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.57) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100838@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SCOPE takes as input a set of sequences U that are upstream of a set of genes G that are thought to be coregulated.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scope") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "take") (:form . "takes") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "input") (:form . "input") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "U") (:form . "U") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G") (:form . "G") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "think") (:form . "thought") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "coregulate") (:form . "coregulated") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.58.1) (:span 89 96)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.58.1) (:span 80 114)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.58) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100840@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In practice, sets of binding sites are represented using a motif.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "practice") (:form . "practice") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represented") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.60) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100841@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have found that simple consensus motifs over the full IUPAC alphabet (a 15-letter code consisting of the bases A,T,C,G and all possible combinations) provide enough representational power to adequately describe Û, while still allowing for an efficient search 34.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "simple") (:form . "simple") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "full") (:form . "full") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IUPAC") (:form . "IUPAC") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alphabet") (:form . "alphabet") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "15-letter") (:form . "15-letter") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "code") (:form . "code") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "consist") (:form . "consisting") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A,T,C,G") (:form . "A,T,C,G") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "enough") (:form . "enough") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "representational") (:form . "representational")\n (:end . 184) (:start . 168) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "power") (:form . "power") (:end . 190)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 193) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "adequately") (:form . "adequately") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "describe") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "û") (:form . "Û") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 222)\n (:start . 217) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "still") (:form . "still") (:end . 228)\n (:start . 223) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allowing") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 229) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 241) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 244) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "efficient") (:form . "efficient") (:end . 254)\n (:start . 245) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "34") (:form . "34") (:end . 264) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 265) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.61) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100842@unknown@formal@none@1@S@While alternative representations, such as position weight matrices (PWMs) are more expressive, their heuristic searches are prone to local optima and often do not perform well in practice \s34111213\s.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "While") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "alternative") (:form . "alternative") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "representation") (:form . "representations")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "weight") (:form . "weight") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "matrix") (:form . "matrices") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "PWM") (:form . "PWMs") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "expressive") (:form . "expressive") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "heuristic") (:form . "heuristic") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prone") (:form . "prone") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 133) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "local") (:form . "local") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "optimum") (:form . "optima") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "often") (:form . "often") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 159) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "perform") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 176) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 179) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "practice") (:form . "practice") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "\s") (:form . "\s") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "34111213") (:form . "34111213") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "\s") (:form . "\s") (:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.62.2) (:span 125 133)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x3.62.1) (:span 160 163)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.62.2) (:span 125 146)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.62.1) (:span 160 188)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.62) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100843@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SCOPE has three component algorithms, BEAM, PRISM and SPACER, which search for non-degenerate, short degenerate, and long, highly degenerate and "gapped" motifs, respectively (Figure 1).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BEAM") (:form . "BEAM") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prism") (:form . "PRISM") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SPACER") (:form . "SPACER") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-degenerate") (:form . "non-degenerate")\n (:end . 93) (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "short") (:form . "short") (:end . 100) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degenerate") (:form . "degenerate") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "long") (:form . "long") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "degenerate") (:form . "degenerate") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "gap") (:form . "gapped") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.63) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100844@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Each motif is scored considering one or both strands and the motif is marked to indicate which calculation scores higher.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "Each") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scored") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considering") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "strand") (:form . "strands") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mark") (:form . "marked") (:end . 76) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "calculation") (:form . "calculation") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.64) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100845@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The results of the three algorithms are merged and sorted.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "merge") (:form . "merged") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sort") (:form . "sorted") (:end . 57) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.65) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100846@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Artifactual motifs, whose significance can be accounted for by higher scoring motifs that they overlap, are identified and removed (for details, see Additional file 1, section S1).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "artifactual") (:form . "Artifactual") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "WP$") (:stem . "whose") (:form . "whose") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "significance") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "account") (:form . "accounted") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 69) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlap") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 122) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "removed") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "detail") (:form . "details") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 148) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "file") (:form . "file") (:end . 164) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "section") (:form . "section") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "s1") (:form . "S1") (:end . 178) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.66) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100847@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Flow diagram for SCOPE@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Flow") (:form . "Flow") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "diagram") (:form . "diagram") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.67) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100848@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Flow diagram for SCOPE.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Flow") (:form . "Flow") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "diagram") (:form . "diagram") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.68) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100850@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For yeast (whose upstream regions are standardized to 800 bp), BEAM and PRISM use the overrepresentation-KS objective function (so/ks), while SPACER's slower running time requires the simpler overrepresentation objective function (so).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yeast") (:form . "yeast") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "WP$") (:stem . "whose") (:form . "whose") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "standardize") (:form . "standardized") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "800") (:form . "800") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bp") (:form . "bp") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BEAM") (:form . "BEAM") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prism") (:form . "PRISM") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "overrepresentation-ks")\n (:form . "overrepresentation-KS") (:end . 107) (:start . 86) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "so/k") (:form . "so/ks") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SPACER") (:form . "SPACER") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 150) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "slow") (:form . "slower") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "running") (:form . "running") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "time") (:form . "time") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "require") (:form . "requires") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 183) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "simple") (:form . "simpler") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 210) (:start . 192) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 229)\n (:start . 221) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 231) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "so") (:end . 233) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 235) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.70) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100851@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The top 5 motifs from SPACER are rescored using the combined objective function.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "top") (:form . "top") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 9) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SPACER") (:form . "SPACER") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "rescore") (:form . "rescored") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "combined") (:form . "combined") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.71) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100852@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For bacteria and Drosophila, upstream regions are defined to be the intergenic region upstream of each gene; thus, the KS objective function is not used.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bacteria") (:form . "bacteria") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intergenic") (:form . "intergenic") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "KS") (:form . "KS") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 147) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.72.1) (:span 144 147)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.72.1) (:span 115 152)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.72) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100853@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The results of each program are sorted by Sig and lower scoring motifs that substantially overlap higher scoring motifs are removed.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sort") (:form . "sorted") (:end . 38) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "low") (:form . "lower") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "substantially") (:form . "substantially")\n (:end . 89) (:start . 76) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlap") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "removed") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.73) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100854@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The filtered lists of motifs from the three programs are finally merged by Sig score.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filtered") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "list") (:form . "lists") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "finally") (:form . "finally") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "merge") (:form . "merged") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.74) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100855@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Repetitive motifs are identified and removed during all stages.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "repetitive") (:form . "Repetitive") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "removed") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "stage") (:form . "stages") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.75) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100856@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Each of SCOPE's three component algorithms seeks to maximize the same objective function over a different class of motifs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "Each") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "seek") (:form . "seeks") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "maximize") (:form . "maximize") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.76) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100857@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Let M be a random variable over the full space of IUPAC words.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "let") (:form . "Let") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "M") (:form . "M") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "random") (:form . "random") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "variable") (:form . "variable") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "full") (:form . "full") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "space") (:form . "space") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IUPAC") (:form . "IUPAC") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "word") (:form . "words") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.77) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100858@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The statistical significance p(M = m) of a particular word m is determined by the distribution of M over the entire space of upstream sequences in the given species.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "statistical") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "significance") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "p(M") (:form . "p(M") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 36) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "particular") (:form . "particular") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "word") (:form . "word") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determined") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "M") (:form . "M") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "entire") (:form . "entire") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "space") (:form . "space") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.78) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100860@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All values of M are not, however, equally likely a priori.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "M") (:form . "M") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "however") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "equally") (:form . "equally") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "priori") (:form . "priori") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.80.2) (:span 42 48)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x3.80.1) (:span 20 23)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.80.2) (:span 0 57)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.80.1) (:span 0 57)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.80) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100861@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, it is quite likely that there exists an extremely long sequence that is entirely unique to U.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "quite") (:form . "quite") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "exist") (:form . "exists") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "extremely") (:form . "extremely") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "long") (:form . "long") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "entirely") (:form . "entirely") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unique") (:form . "unique") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "U") (:form . "U") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.81.1) (:span 25 31)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.81.1) (:span 25 105)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.81) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100862@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Such a unique sequence would appear to be highly significant, until we consider that we have in effect searched all possible sequences until we found one that is unique.@(((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "such") (:form . "Such") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 6) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unique") (:form . "unique") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "would") (:form . "would") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appear") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "until") (:form . "until") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "consider") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searched") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "until") (:form . "until") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 153) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 158) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 161) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unique") (:form . "unique") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.82.1) (:span 116 124))\n ((:id . :x3.82.2) (:span 23 28 29 35)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.82.1) (:span 116 134)) ((:id . :x3.82.2) (:span 0 60)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.82) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100863@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To correct for this multiple hypothesis testing problem, van Helden et al. 14 proposed using a Bonferroni correction, in which p(M = m) is penalized by the number of motifs N of length |m|:@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "correct") (:form . "correct") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hypothesis") (:form . "hypothesis") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "testing") (:form . "testing") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "problem") (:form . "problem") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "van") (:form . "van") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Helden") (:form . "Helden") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "14") (:form . "14") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "propose") (:form . "proposed") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Bonferroni") (:form . "Bonferroni") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correction") (:form . "correction") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "p(M") (:form . "p(M") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 138) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "penalize") (:form . "penalized") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 155) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 165) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 177) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "|m|") (:form . "|m|") (:end . 188) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.83) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100864@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Sig = -log(p(M = m)·N).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "-log(p(M") (:form . "-log(p(M") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "m)·N") (:form . "m)·N") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.84) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100865@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, if m = "ACGT", N = 44.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ACGT") (:form . "ACGT") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "44") (:form . "44") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.85) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100866@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We employed this same definition of Sig for BEAM, our algorithm that searches for non-degenerate motifs 10.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "employ") (:form . "employed") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "definition") (:form . "definition") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BEAM") (:form . "BEAM") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithm") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-degenerate") (:form . "non-degenerate")\n (:end . 96) (:start . 82) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.86) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100867@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Defining N for degenerate or bipartite motifs raises a significant conceptual challenge.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "define") (:form . "Defining") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "degenerate") (:form . "degenerate") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "bipartite") (:form . "bipartite") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "raise") (:form . "raises") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "conceptual") (:form . "conceptual") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "challenge") (:form . "challenge") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.87) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100868@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Van Helden et al. 14 chose to use the same definition, but limited their search to a small number of degenerate bases.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Van") (:form . "Van") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Helden") (:form . "Helden") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "14") (:form . "14") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "choose") (:form . "chose") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "definition") (:form . "definition") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "limit") (:form . "limited") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "small") (:form . "small") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "degenerate") (:form . "degenerate") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.88) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100870@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By this logic, ""ACGT"" will not be penalized differently from ""ACNNNNGT"", as both have the same number of bases that contribute any information to protein-DNA binding.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "logic") (:form . "logic") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "”ACGT") (:form . "”ACGT") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "penalize") (:form . "penalized") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "differently") (:form . "differently") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "”ACNNNNGT") (:form . "”ACNNNNGT") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 119) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contribute") (:form . "contribute") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "information") (:form . "information") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-dna") (:form . "protein-DNA") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.90.1) (:span 29 32)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.90.1) (:span 16 74)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.90) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100871@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Building on this intuition, one can argue that the characters ""A"" and ""not-A"" (IUPAC character ""B")" are roughly equivalent, while ""A or G"" (IUPAC character ""R")" is different from ""A"" as there are six ways to define a combination of two bases, while only four ways to define a combination of one base or three bases.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Building") (:form . "Building") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "intuition") (:form . "intuition") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "argue") (:form . "argue") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "character") (:form . "characters") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "”A") (:form . "”A") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "”not-A") (:form . "”not-A") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IUPAC") (:form . "IUPAC") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "character") (:form . "character") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "”B") (:form . "”B") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "roughly") (:form . "roughly") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "equivalent") (:form . "equivalent") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "”A") (:form . "”A") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G") (:form . "G") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IUPAC") (:form . "IUPAC") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "character") (:form . "character") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "”R") (:form . "”R") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 173) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 188) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "”A") (:form . "”A") (:end . 192) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 197) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "six") (:form . "six") (:end . 211) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "way") (:form . "ways") (:end . 216) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 219) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "define") (:form . "define") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 228) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combination") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 229) (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 243) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 247) (:start . 244)\n (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 253)\n (:start . 248) (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 254) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 108))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 260)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 109))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 265) (:start . 261)\n (:id . 110))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 270) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 111))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "way") (:form . "ways") (:end . 275) (:start . 271)\n (:id . 112))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 278) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 113))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "define") (:form . "define") (:end . 285)\n (:start . 279) (:id . 114))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 287) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 115))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combination") (:end . 299)\n (:start . 288) (:id . 116))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 302) (:start . 300)\n (:id . 117))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 306) (:start . 303)\n (:id . 118))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "base") (:end . 311) (:start . 307)\n (:id . 119))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 314) (:start . 312)\n (:id . 120))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 320)\n (:start . 315) (:id . 121))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 326)\n (:start . 321) (:id . 122))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 327) (:start . 326)\n (:id . 123)))@@@1@82@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.91.1) (:span 32 35)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.91.1) (:span 32 193)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.91) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100872@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For motif m = m1m2...mn, we can therefore define N = ∏ Choose(4, |mi|), where |mi| is the number of DNA bases covered by the IUPAC character mi.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m1m2") (:form . "m1m2") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . "…") (:form . "…") (:end . 18) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mn") (:form . "mn") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "define") (:form . "define") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "∏") (:form . "∏") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Choose(4") (:form . "Choose(4") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "|mi|") (:form . "|mi|") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "|mi|") (:form . "|mi|") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "covered") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IUPAC") (:form . "IUPAC") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "character") (:form . "character") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mi") (:form . "mi") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.92) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100873@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the case were both orientations of the motif are considered, this number is adjusted to account for palindromes.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "orientation") (:form . "orientations") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "adjust") (:form . "adjusted") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "account") (:form . "account") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "palindrome") (:form . "palindromes") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.93) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100874@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The resulting Sig score thus penalizes motifs based on their length and degeneracy, enabling fair comparisons to be made between different motif classes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "result") (:form . "resulting") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "penalize") (:form . "penalizes") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degeneracy") (:form . "degeneracy") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "enable") (:form . "enabling") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "fair") (:form . "fair") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparisons") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "make") (:form . "made") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "class") (:form . "classes") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.94) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100875@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Testing@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Testing") (:form . "Testing") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.95) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100876@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Evaluation of objective functions used by SCOPE@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evaluation") (:form . "Evaluation") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.96) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100877@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Each component algorithm in SCOPE efficiently searches its restricted search space, keeping SCOPE's runtime low (average runtime on our datasets were about one minute).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "Each") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithm") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "efficiently") (:form . "efficiently") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "restricted") (:form . "restricted") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "space") (:form . "space") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "keep") (:form . "keeping") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "runtime") (:form . "runtime") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low") (:form . "low") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "runtime") (:form . "runtime") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 149) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 159) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "minute") (:form . "minute") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.97) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100878@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This efficiency allowed us to explore several objective functions for scoring the statistical significance p(M = m) of motifs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "efficiency") (:form . "efficiency") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allowed") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "us") (:form . "us") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "explore") (:form . "explore") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "statistical") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "significance") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "p(M") (:form . "p(M") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.98) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100880@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For precise definitions, see Methods.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "precise") (:form . "precise") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "definition") (:form . "definitions") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Methods") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.100) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100881@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To establish which objective function (or combination of functions) was most suitable, we tested each objective function independently of SCOPE, using a subset of the S. cerevisiae dataset.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "establish") (:form . "establish") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combination") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "suitable") (:form . "suitable") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 96) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "independently") (:form . "independently")\n (:end . 134) (:start . 121) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 150) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subset") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 162) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 166) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 169) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.101) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100882@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The measure used to assess the biological relevance of a motif was accuracy, a measure of the nucleotide level overlap between a motif and the known binding sites (for details see Methods).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measure") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "assess") (:form . "assess") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biological") (:form . "biological") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "relevance") (:form . "relevance") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measure") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nucleotide") (:form . "nucleotide") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlap") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 138) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "detail") (:form . "details") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 179) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.102) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100883@unknown@formal@none@1@S@From each regulon from the SCPD database 15 we selected ten six-mers at random from the upstream sequences and ten six-mers at random from the collection of known binding sites for that regulon.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "From") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulon") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCPD") (:form . "SCPD") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "database") (:form . "database") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "15") (:form . "15") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "select") (:form . "selected") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ten") (:form . "ten") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "six-mer") (:form . "six-mers") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "random") (:form . "random") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ten") (:form . "ten") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "six-mer") (:form . "six-mers") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "random") (:form . "random") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 138) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "collection") (:form . "collection") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 156) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "known") (:form . "known") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 180) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 185) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulon") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.103) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100884@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For each of these sampled six-mers, we calculated accuracy with respect to the known binding sites.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sample") (:form . "sampled") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "six-mer") (:form . "six-mers") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "respect") (:form . "respect") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.104) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100885@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also calculated the Sig score for each six-mer, using four objective functions (KS, overrepresentation, coverage and combined KS-overrepresentation).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "six-mer") (:form . "six-mer") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "KS") (:form . "KS") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 105) (:start . 87) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ks-overrepresentation")\n (:form . "KS-overrepresentation") (:end . 150) (:start . 129) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.105) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100886@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We then plotted Sig versus accuracy for each objective function, to determine which objective functions correlated most strongly with biological relevance (Figure 2).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "plot") (:form . "plotted") (:end . 15) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "versus") (:form . "versus") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determine") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "correlate") (:form . "correlated") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 119) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strongly") (:form . "strongly") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biological") (:form . "biological") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "relevance") (:form . "relevance") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.106) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100887@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Correlation between accuracy and Sig scores@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "Correlation") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.107) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100888@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Correlation between accuracy and Sig scores.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "Correlation") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.108) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100890@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The 6-mers were randomly sampled from both the upstream regions and the known binding sites to ensure coverage or a wide range of accuracy.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "6-mer") (:form . "6-mers") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "randomly") (:form . "randomly") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sample") (:form . "sampled") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "ensure") (:form . "ensure") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "wide") (:form . "wide") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "range") (:form . "range") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.110) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100891@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The x-axis plots the Bonferroni-corrected and log2 transformed Sig score for each metric.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "x-axis") (:form . "x-axis") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "plot") (:form . "plots") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "bonferroni-corrected")\n (:form . "Bonferroni-corrected") (:end . 41) (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "log2") (:form . "log2") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "transform") (:form . "transformed") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "metric") (:form . "metric") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.111) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100892@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The red lines indicate the 95th Sig percentile.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "95th") (:form . "95th") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "percentile") (:form . "percentile") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.112) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100893@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These plots demonstrate that overrepresentation is a closer approximation to biological relevance than coverage or KS alone.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "plot") (:form . "plots") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 47) (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "close") (:form . "closer") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "approximation") (:form . "approximation")\n (:end . 73) (:start . 60) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biological") (:form . "biological") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "relevance") (:form . "relevance") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ks") (:form . "KS") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "alone") (:form . "alone") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.113) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100894@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Adding KS to overrepresentation modestly improved the correlation by 13% (as compared to overrepresentation alone) to R2 = 0.28.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "add") (:form . "Adding") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ks") (:form . "KS") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 31) (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "modestly") (:form . "modestly") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "improve") (:form . "improved") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "13") (:form . "13") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 107) (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "alone") (:form . "alone") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "r2") (:form . "R2") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.28") (:form . "0.28") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.114) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100895@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To assess the degree of class separation achieved by the two objective functions, we ranked the sampled six-mers by Sig score, and calculated the percentage of motifs with high Sig scores (in the 95th percentile and above) that possessed a reasonable degree of overlap with the known binding sites (accuracy ≥ 0.10).@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "assess") (:form . "assess") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "separation") (:form . "separation") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieved") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "rank") (:form . "ranked") (:end . 91) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sample") (:form . "sampled") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "six-mer") (:form . "six-mers") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"JJ") (:stem . "95th") (:form . "95th") (:end . 200) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "percentile") (:form . "percentile") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 215) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 216) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 227) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "possess") (:form . "possessed") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 239) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "reasonable") (:form . "reasonable") (:end . 250)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 257)\n (:start . 251) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 260) (:start . 258)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlap") (:end . 268)\n (:start . 261) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 273) (:start . 269)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 277) (:start . 274)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 283)\n (:start . 278) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 291)\n (:start . 284) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 297)\n (:start . 292) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 299) (:start . 298)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 307)\n (:start . 299) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "≥") (:form . "≥") (:end . 309) (:start . 308)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.10") (:form . "0.10") (:end . 314) (:start . 310)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 315) (:start . 314)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 316) (:start . 315)\n (:id . 100)))@@@1@59@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.115) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100896@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By the overrepresentation measure, 74.4% of high scoring motifs had accuracy = 0.10, while 79.1% of high scoring motifs by KS-overrepresentation had accuracy ≥ 0.10.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measure") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "74.4") (:form . "74.4") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.10") (:form . "0.10") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "79.1") (:form . "79.1") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "KS-overrepresentation")\n (:form . "KS-overrepresentation") (:end . 144) (:start . 123) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 148) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "≥") (:form . "≥") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.10") (:form . "0.10") (:end . 164) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.116) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100897@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This analysis suggests that more complex objective functions may provide a better estimate of biological significance than the overrepresentation objective functions commonly used.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggests") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "good") (:form . "better") (:end . 81) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimate") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biological") (:form . "biological") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "significance") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 145) (:start . 127) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "commonly") (:form . "commonly") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 179) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.117.1) (:span 61 64)) ((:id . :x3.117.2) (:span 14 22)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.117.1) (:span 61 179))\n ((:id . :x3.117.2) (:span 14 179)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.117) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100898@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We thus chose to run SCOPE using the overrepresentation-KS combined objective function on the S. cerevisiae dataset, in which the upstream regions are of fixed length.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "choose") (:form . "chose") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "run") (:form . "run") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "overrepresentation-ks")\n (:form . "overrepresentation-KS") (:end . 58) (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "combined") (:form . "combined") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "fix") (:form . "fixed") (:end . 159) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.118) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100900@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Because identifying the genomic positions of highly degenerate bipartite motifs is prohibitively slow, initial rankings of motifs for SPACER were computed using the overrepresentation objective function, and the overrepresentation-KS objective function was used only to produce the final ordering and scores.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "Because") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identifying") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genomic") (:form . "genomic") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "degenerate") (:form . "degenerate") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "bipartite") (:form . "bipartite") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "prohibitively") (:form . "prohibitively")\n (:end . 96) (:start . 83) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "slow") (:form . "slow") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "initial") (:form . "initial") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ranking") (:form . "rankings") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SPACER") (:form . "SPACER") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 145) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compute") (:form . "computed") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 160) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 164) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 183) (:start . 165) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 211) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "overrepresentation-ks")\n (:form . "overrepresentation-KS") (:end . 233) (:start . 212) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 243)\n (:start . 234) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 252)\n (:start . 244) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 256) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 261) (:start . 257)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 266) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 269) (:start . 267)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "produce") (:form . "produce") (:end . 277)\n (:start . 270) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 281) (:start . 278)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "final") (:form . "final") (:end . 287)\n (:start . 282) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ordering") (:form . "ordering") (:end . 296)\n (:start . 288) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 300) (:start . 297)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scores") (:end . 307)\n (:start . 301) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 308) (:start . 307)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.120) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100901@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although the KS objective function is computationally expensive (linear in the frequency of the motif in the genome), the SCOPE algorithms all aggressively limit the search space, thereby making the use of this objective function – and exploration of other complex objective functions – possible.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 296) (:start . 295)\n (:id . 91)))@@@1@50@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.121.1) (:span 287 295)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.121.1) (:span 195 295)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.121) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100902@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The surprisingly low correlations between Sig and accuracy may indicate that the objective functions employed by motif finding programs are only a first approximation to biological significance.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "surprisingly") (:form . "surprisingly") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low") (:form . "low") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlations") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . 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"to") (:end . 169) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biological") (:form . "biological") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "significance") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.122.1) (:span 63 76)) ((:id . :x3.122.2) (:span 59 62)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.122.1) (:span 63 193))\n ((:id . :x3.122.2) (:span 59 193)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.122) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100903@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Indeed, previous studies have reported little or no correlation between the significance measures of various motif finders and measures of accuracy 416.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "indeed") (:form . "Indeed") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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"416") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.123.1) (:span 49 51)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.123.1) (:span 49 63)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.123) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100904@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Further research into more biologically accurate objective functions may yield better performance for motif discovery algorithms.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "further") (:form . "Further") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "research") (:form . "research") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "biologically") (:form . 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".") (:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.127) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100908@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Performance at different overrepresentation Sig values on synthetic data@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Performance") (:form . "Performance") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 43) (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "synthetic") (:form . "synthetic") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.128) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100910@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A motif was "found" if the top scoring motif returned by SCOPE overlapped the planted motif by at least 50%.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 7) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "top") (:form . "top") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scoring") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "return") (:form . "returned") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlapped") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "plant") (:form . "planted") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "50") (:form . "50") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.130) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100911@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Different Sig values were achieved by varying the number of upstream regions, the number of motifs per upstream region, and the number of extraneous upstream regions without planted motifs.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "Different") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieved") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "vary") (:form . "varying") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "per") (:form . "per") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "extraneous") (:form . "extraneous") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "plant") (:form . "planted") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.131.1) (:span 166 173)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.131.1) (:span 166 188)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.131) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100912@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A Sig value of 0 implies that one motif of that significance is expected by chance.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 5) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0") (:form . "0") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "imply") (:form . "implies") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "significance") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chance") (:form . "chance") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.132) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100913@unknown@formal@none@1@S@While synthetic test sets are useful in algorithmic development and initial testing, the results of such tests must be taken with a grain of salt, as they are highly dependent on the model used to generate the test sets 6.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "While") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "synthetic") (:form . "synthetic") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "useful") (:form . "useful") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "algorithmic") (:form . "algorithmic") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "initial") (:form . "initial") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "testing") (:form . "testing") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tests") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "must") (:form . "must") (:end . 115) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "taken") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "grain") (:form . "grain") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "salt") (:form . "salt") (:end . 145) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 154) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 158) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dependent") (:form . "dependent") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 178) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 182) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 193) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 196) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generate") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 209) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 214) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 219) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 221) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.133) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100914@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We therefore tested SCOPE on an extensive array of regulons with known binding sites (for details of datasets, see Additional file 1, section S3).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 19) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "extensive") (:form . "extensive") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "array") (:form . "array") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "detail") (:form . "details") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "file") (:form . "file") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "section") (:form . "section") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "s3") (:form . "S3") (:end . 144) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.134) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100915@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We ran SCOPE on each regulon and, following the scoring methodology used by Sinha and Tompa 6, we computed the accuracy for each of the top three motifs reported by SCOPE against the known binding sites.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "run") (:form . "ran") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulon") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "following") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "methodology") (:form . "methodology") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sinha") (:form . "Sinha") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Tompa") (:form . "Tompa") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "compute") (:form . "computed") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "top") (:form . "top") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 182) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.135) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100916@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The motifs reported by SCOPE overlap to a large extent with the published cis-regulatory elements (as discussed in Additional file 1, section S3, a difference of one base pair length between the reported motif and the published cis-regulatory element results in an expected accuracy of about 0.25).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlap") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large") (:form . "large") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "extent") (:form . "extent") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "publish") (:form . "published") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cis-regulatory") (:form . "cis-regulatory")\n (:end . 88) (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discuss") (:form . "discussed") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "file") (:form . "file") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "section") (:form . "section") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "s3") (:form . "S3") (:end . 144) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "difference") (:form . "difference") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 161) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "base") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 175) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 190)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 194) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 213) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 217) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "publish") (:form . "published") (:end . 227)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cis-regulatory") (:form . "cis-regulatory")\n (:end . 242) (:start . 228) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 250)\n (:start . 243) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 258)\n (:start . 251) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 261) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 264) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "expected") (:form . "expected") (:end . 273)\n (:start . 265) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 282)\n (:start . 274) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 285) (:start . 283)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 291)\n (:start . 286) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.25") (:form . "0.25") (:end . 296) (:start . 292)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 297) (:start . 296)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 298) (:start . 297)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.136) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100917@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SCOPE was run on 78 regulons from S. cerevisiae, B. subtilis, E. coli and D. melanogaster.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scope") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "run") (:form . "run") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "78") (:form . "78") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B.") (:form . "B.") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "subtilis") (:form . "subtilis") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.137) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100918@unknown@formal@none@1@S@On these datasets, SCOPE's average accuracy was 0.28, 0.29, 0.16, and 0.08 respectively.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "On") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.28") (:form . "0.28") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.29") (:form . "0.29") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.16") (:form . "0.16") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.08") (:form . "0.08") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.138) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100920@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Indeed, we found that SCOPE increased accuracy by 31–44% over BEAM, PRISM or SPACER alone.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "indeed") (:form . "Indeed") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increased") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "31–44") (:form . "31–44") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BEAM") (:form . "BEAM") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prism") (:form . "PRISM") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "spacer") (:form . "SPACER") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "alone") (:form . "alone") (:end . 89) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.140) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100921@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This improvement was achieved by combining BEAM's high positive predictive value (PPV) with PRISM's high sensitivity (Figure 4).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "improvement") (:form . "improvement") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieved") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combining") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BEAM") (:form . "BEAM") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "predictive") (:form . "predictive") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PPV") (:form . "PPV") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prism") (:form . "PRISM") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sensitivity") (:form . "sensitivity") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.141) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100922@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Sensitivity is defined here as the fraction of the known binding sites (at the nucleotide level) predicted by the motif finder, and PPV is defined as the fraction of nucleotides predicted by the motif finder that correspond to the known binding sites (see Methods for details).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sensitivity") (:form . "Sensitivity") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"see") (:end . 255) (:start . 252)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 263)\n (:start . 256) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 267) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "detail") (:form . "details") (:end . 275)\n (:start . 268) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 276) (:start . 275)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 277) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.142) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100923@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Summary results for performance comparisons between SCOPE and its component algorithms, on all regulons.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "summary") (:form . "Summary") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . 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",") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.143) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100924@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A "Win" is a regulon for which a program had the highest accuracy and that accuracy was at least 0.10.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 3) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Win") (:form . "Win") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . 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"accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 96) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.10") (:form . "0.10") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.144) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100925@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Programs in a two-way tie are credited with 0.5 wins each, so by construction, SCOPE can at best share a win with one of the other programs.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "Programs") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "two-way") (:form . "two-way") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tie") (:form . "tie") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "credit") (:form . "credited") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.5") (:form . "0.5") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "win") (:form . "wins") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "so") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "construction") (:form . "construction") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . 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"program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.145) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100926@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A perfect winner-take-all ensemble method would have the same number of wins as all the component algorithms combined.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "perfect") (:form . "perfect") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "winner-take-all") (:form . "winner-take-all")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "would") (:form . "would") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "win") (:form . "wins") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.146.1) (:span 42 47)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.146.1) (:span 42 117)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.146) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100927@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A "clear win (loss)" is a regulon for which SCOPE's accuracy was at least 0.10 higher (lower) than the other program.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 3) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "clear") (:form . "clear") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "win") (:form . 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"the") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.147) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100928@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The p-value reported for the paired t-test was Bonferroni-corrected to account for multiple (three) comparisons.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p-value") (:form . "p-value") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . 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"(") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparisons") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.148) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100930@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Average and standard error of sensitivity and PPV for the component algorithms of SCOPE on all 78 regulons.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "Average") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "standard") (:form . "standard") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "error") (:form . "error") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sensitivity") (:form . "sensitivity") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PPV") (:form . "PPV") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "78") (:form . "78") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.150) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100931@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Bars represent standard error.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bar") (:form . "Bars") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represent") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "standard") (:form . "standard") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "error") (:form . "error") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.151) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100932@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An ensemble motif finder with a learning rule that is no better than random will provide an accuracy that is equal to the average of its three component algorithms.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "An") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finder") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "good") (:form . "better") (:end . 63) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "random") (:form . "random") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 105) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "equal") (:form . "equal") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.152.1) (:span 54 56)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.152.1) (:span 54 75)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.152) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100933@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To provide a basis for evaluating the performance of SCOPE's learning rule, we constructed an ensemble learning method (referred to here as BASELINE) from the results of BEAM, PRISM and SPACER, by randomly selecting one of the accuracies from these three programs for each regulon.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "basis") (:form . "basis") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"we") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "constructed") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "referred") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 136) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BASELINE") (:form . "BASELINE") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 154) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 158) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 169) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BEAM") (:form . "BEAM") (:end . 174) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prism") (:form . "PRISM") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SPACER") (:form . "SPACER") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 196) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "randomly") (:form . "randomly") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "select") (:form . "selecting") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 219) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 222) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 226) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracies") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 242) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 248)\n (:start . 243) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 254)\n (:start . 249) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 263)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 267) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 272) (:start . 268)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulon") (:end . 280)\n (:start . 273) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 281) (:start . 280)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.153) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100934@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Over 120,000 trials, BASELINE's average performance on this dataset was 0.176 with a standard deviation of 0.013.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "Over") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "120,000") (:form . "120,000") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "trial") (:form . "trials") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BASELINE") (:form . "BASELINE") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.176") (:form . "0.176") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "standard") (:form . "standard") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deviation") (:form . "deviation") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.013") (:form . "0.013") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.154) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100935@unknown@formal@none@1@S@BASELINE's average score never exceeded that of SCOPE (p < 8.25 × 10-6).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "baseline") (:form . "BASELINE") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "never") (:form . "never") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "exceed") (:form . "exceeded") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p") (:form . "p") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "8.25") (:form . "8.25") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "×") (:form . "×") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-6") (:form . "10-6") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.155) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100936@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When compared to its component algorithms, SCOPE picked the highest accuracy motif in 66% of the cases (as opposed to 33% for a random selection between three algorithms).@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "case") (:form . "cases") (:end . 102) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "oppose") (:form . "opposed") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "33") (:form . "33") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "random") (:form . "random") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selection") (:form . "selection") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.156) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100937@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These results suggest that SCOPE's learning rule is highly effective, though it may certainly be improved further.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "effective") (:form . "effective") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "though") (:form . "though") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "certainly") (:form . "certainly") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "improve") (:form . "improved") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.157.1) (:span 80 83)) ((:id . :x3.157.2) (:span 14 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.157.1) (:span 77 113))\n ((:id . :x3.157.2) (:span 14 113)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.157) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100938@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Of course, SCOPE's learning rule is extremely simple, and more complex learning rules may allow SCOPE to approach its theoretical upper bound.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "Of") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "course") (:form . "course") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "extremely") (:form . "extremely") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "simple") (:form . "simple") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "learn") (:form . "learning") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rules") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allow") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approach") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "theoretical") (:form . "theoretical") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upper") (:form . "upper") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bound") (:form . "bound") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.158.1) (:span 86 89)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.158.1) (:span 86 141)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.158) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100940@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The training of a more complex learning rule must, however, be performed in a cross-validation framework, and the size of the available dataset of regulons will place a practical limit on the complexity of the learning rule that can be devised.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "training") (:form . "training") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "must") (:form . "must") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "however") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performed") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cross-validation") (:form . "cross-validation")\n (:end . 94) (:start . 78) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "framework") (:form . "framework") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "size") (:form . "size") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 160) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "place") (:form . "place") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "practical") (:form . "practical") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "limit") (:form . "limit") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 187) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 191) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complexity") (:form . "complexity") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 205) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 209) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 223) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 228) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 232) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 235) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "devise") (:form . "devised") (:end . 243)\n (:start . 236) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 244) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.160) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100941@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Comparison with other motif finding programs@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "Comparison") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "finding") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.161) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100942@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To provide a frame of reference for SCOPE's performance, we ran ten other popular motif finders on these datasets (for details and references see Table 2).@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frame") (:form . "frame") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reference") (:form . "reference") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "run") (:form . "ran") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ten") (:form . "ten") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "popular") (:form . "popular") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "detail") (:form . "details") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "reference") (:form . "references") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.162) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100943@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We ran all programs directly from their websites, leaving all parameters at their defaults.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "run") (:form . "ran") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "directly") (:form . "directly") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "website") (:form . "websites") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "leave") (:form . "leaving") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "default") (:form . "defaults") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.163) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100944@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The only parameter that we specified (where available) was the species from which the background sequences were derived.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameter") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "specify") (:form . "specified") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "species") (:form . "species") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "background") (:form . "background") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.164) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100945@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, the results of this performance comparison may be interpreted as a comparison against other motif finders when those motif finders are run using their default values.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparison") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "interpret") (:form . "interpreted") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparison") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "run") (:form . "run") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 150) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "default") (:form . "default") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.165.1) (:span 49 52)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.165.1) (:span 6 171)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.165) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100946@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Motif discovery algorithms used in the performance comparison.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "Motif") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "discovery") (:form . "discovery") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparison") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.166) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100947@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Nuisance parameters are parameters that cannot be precisely defined without knowledge of the true binding sites (such as motif length, number of occurrences and orientation).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nuisance") (:form . "Nuisance") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cannot") (:form . "cannot") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "precisely") (:form . "precisely") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "knowledge") (:form . "knowledge") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 144) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "occurrence") (:form . "occurrences") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 160) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "orientation") (:form . "orientation") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.167.2) (:span 40 46)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x3.167.1) (:span 68 75)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.167.2) (:span 40 173)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.167.1) (:span 68 173)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.167) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100948@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For MotifSampler and wConsensus, the lower part of the range indicates required parameters, while the upper part indicates the total number of parameters, including "power user" parameters that the program authors stress should typically be left as default.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MotifSampler") (:form . "MotifSampler") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "wConsensus") (:form . "wConsensus") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "low") (:form . "lower") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . "part") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "range") (:form . "range") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upper") (:form . "upper") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . "part") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "power") (:form . "power") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "user") (:form . "user") (:end . 176) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 193) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 197) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "author") (:form . "authors") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stress") (:form . "stress") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "should") (:form . "should") (:end . 227)\n (:start . 221) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "typically") (:form . "typically") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 240) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "leave") (:form . "left") (:end . 245)\n (:start . 241) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 248) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "default") (:form . "default") (:end . 256)\n (:start . 249) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 257) (:start . 256)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.168.1) (:span 221 227)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.168.1) (:span 194 256)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.168) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100950@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SCOPE has no user-adjustable parameters, although its component algorithms do contain a number of internal parameters "("hyperparameters")" that govern their search over common nuisance parameters.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scope") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "user-adjustable") (:form . "user-adjustable")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "although") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "internal") (:form . "internal") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "”hyperparameters") (:form . "”hyperparameters")\n (:end . 136) (:start . 120) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 144) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "govern") (:form . "govern") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 169) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nuisance") (:form . "nuisance") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.170.1) (:span 10 12)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.170.1) (:span 10 39)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.170) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100951@unknown@formal@none@1@S@On synthetic datasets, we found SCOPE's component algorithms to be quite robust to the settings of these hyperparameters.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "On") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "synthetic") (:form . "synthetic") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "quite") (:form . "quite") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "robust") (:form . "robust") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "setting") (:form . "settings") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hyperparameter") (:form . "hyperparameters")\n (:end . 120) (:start . 105) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.171) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100952@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have therefore fixed those parameters to reasonable values and do not expose them to the user 101112.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "fix") (:form . "fixed") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "reasonable") (:form . "reasonable") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "expose") (:form . "expose") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "user") (:form . "user") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "101112") (:form . "101112") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.172.1) (:span 69 72)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.172.1) (:span 69 96)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.172) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100953@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This construction means that SCOPE can only run in a default configuration.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "construction") (:form . "construction") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "mean") (:form . "means") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "run") (:form . "run") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "default") (:form . "default") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "configuration") (:form . "configuration")\n (:end . 74) (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.173) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100954@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We compared the motif finding programs using the criteria set forth in Sinha and Tompa, including average accuracy and the number of total wins (highest accuracy on a regulon, where that accuracy is at least 0.1) 6.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "finding") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "criterion") (:form . "criteria") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "forth") (:form . "forth") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sinha") (:form . "Sinha") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Tompa") (:form . "Tompa") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 122) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "win") (:form . "wins") (:end . 143) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulon") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 186) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 198) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 201) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.1") (:form . "0.1") (:end . 211) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.174) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100955@unknown@formal@none@1@S@On this dataset, SCOPE had the highest score by both criteria (Figure 5a).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "On") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "criterion") (:form . "criteria") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "5a") (:form . "5a") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.175) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100956@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The cumulative distribution of accuracy shows that SCOPE had the most high-scoring motifs at every level (Figure 5b).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cumulative") (:form . "cumulative") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high-scoring") (:form . "high-scoring") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "every") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "5b") (:form . "5b") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.176) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100957@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When we looked at the number of clear head-to-head wins (such a win is taken to occur when the difference in accuracy between SCOPE and another motif finder is greater than 0.1 6), we found that SCOPE scored a clear majority (82%) of clear head-to-head wins (Figure 5c).@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "look") (:form . "looked") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "clear") (:form . "clear") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "head-to-head") (:form . "head-to-head") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "win") (:form . "wins") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "win") (:form . "win") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "taken") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occur") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "difference") (:form . "difference") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finder") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 159) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "great") (:form . "greater") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 172) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.1") (:form . "0.1") (:end . 176) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 183) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 194) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scored") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "clear") (:form . "clear") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "majority") (:form . "majority") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 216) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "82") (:form . "82") (:end . 228) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 229) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 230) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 233) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "clear") (:form . "clear") (:end . 239)\n (:start . 234) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "head-to-head") (:form . "head-to-head") (:end . 252)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "win") (:form . "wins") (:end . 257) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 259) (:start . 258)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 265)\n (:start . 259) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "5c") (:form . "5c") (:end . 268) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 269) (:start . 268)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 270) (:start . 269)\n (:id . 98)))@@@1@57@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.177) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100958@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The average accuracies of BEAM, PRISM and SPACER on this dataset were similar to those of the ten other programs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracies") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BEAM") (:form . "BEAM") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prism") (:form . "PRISM") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "spacer") (:form . "SPACER") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ten") (:form . "ten") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.178) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100960@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Performance comparisons.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Performance") (:form . "Performance") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparisons") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44)))@@@1@3@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.180) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100961@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(a) Mean and standard error of accuracy for each of 78 regulons.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mean") (:form . "Mean") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "standard") (:form . "standard") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "error") (:form . "error") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "78") (:form . "78") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.181) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100962@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(b) Cumulative distribution of accuracy for each program.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "b") (:form . "b") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cumulative") (:form . "Cumulative") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.182) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100963@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(c) Fraction of regulons with a clear outcome (margin of difference in accuracy between two programs was greater than 0.10) won by SCOPE.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c") (:form . "c") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "Fraction") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "clear") (:form . "clear") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "outcome") (:form . "outcome") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "margin") (:form . "margin") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "difference") (:form . "difference") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "great") (:form . "greater") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.10") (:form . "0.10") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "win") (:form . "won") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.183) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100964@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Program abbreviations and details in Table 2; performance details in tables S1 and S2 in Additional file 1.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "Program") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "abbreviation") (:form . "abbreviations")\n (:end . 21) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "detail") (:form . "details") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "detail") (:form . "details") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "table") (:form . "tables") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "s1") (:form . "S1") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "s2") (:form . "S2") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "file") (:form . "file") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.184) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100965@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A formal statistical analysis found that SCOPE's performance margin over the other motif finders run on this dataset was statistically significant at p < 10-5 (for details, see Additional file 1, section S3).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "formal") (:form . "formal") (:end . 8) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "statistical") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "margin") (:form . "margin") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "over") (:form . "over") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "run") (:form . "run") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 108) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "statistically") (:form . "statistically")\n (:end . 134) (:start . 121) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p") (:form . "p") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-5") (:form . "10-5") (:end . 158) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "detail") (:form . "details") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 176) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "file") (:form . "file") (:end . 192) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "section") (:form . "section") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "s3") (:form . "S3") (:end . 206) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.185) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100966@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Corroborating the results of previously published performance comparisons \s14567\s, none of the other programs showed a statistically significant difference relative to the other nine.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "corroborate") (:form . "Corroborating") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "publish") (:form . "published") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparisons") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "\s") (:form . "\s") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "14567") (:form . "14567") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "\s") (:form . "\s") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "none") (:form . "none") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 100) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showed") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "statistically") (:form . "statistically")\n (:end . 132) (:start . 119) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "difference") (:form . "difference") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 171) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "nine") (:form . "nine") (:end . 182) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.186.1) (:span 83 87)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.186.1) (:span 83 182)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.186) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100967@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Similarly, none of SCOPE's component algorithms outperformed the other ten programs on this dataset by a statistically significant margin.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "similarly") (:form . "Similarly") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "none") (:form . "none") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "outperforme") (:form . "outperformed") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ten") (:form . "ten") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "statistically") (:form . "statistically")\n (:end . 118) (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "margin") (:form . "margin") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.187.1) (:span 11 15)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.187.1) (:span 11 137)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.187) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100968@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SCOPE's high accuracy was a reflection of both high PPV and high sensitivity (Figure 6a; see Methods for a precise definition).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scope") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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"Performance") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "extraneous") (:form . "extraneous") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.196) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100977@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In practice, microarray co-expression data are often used to identify genes in a particular regulon.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "practice") (:form . "practice") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "microarray") (:form . "microarray") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-expression") (:form . "co-expression")\n (:end . 37) (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.197) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100978@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This approach identifies genes that are either directly or indirectly regulated by the transcription factor of interest.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approach") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identifies") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . 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"interest") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.198) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100980@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Adding sequences that do not contain binding sites decreases the signal-to-noise ratio, making motif finding more difficult 4.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "add") (:form . "Adding") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "contain") (:form . 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"finding") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "difficult") (:form . "difficult") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.200.1) (:span 25 28)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.200.1) (:span 25 50)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.200) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100981@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We thus tested SCOPE's performance on regulons containing additional extraneous upstream sequences.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . 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"sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.201) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100982@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For all 33 regulons in the SCPD dataset, we added randomly selected upstream S. cerevisiae sequences such that the total number of extraneous sequences was between 0.5 and 4 times the number of true upstream sequences in the regulon.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "33") (:form . "33") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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"NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 220) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 224) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulon") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 233) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.202) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100983@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SCOPE's accuracy on this dataset was remarkably stable in the presence of extraneous sequences.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scope") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . 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"JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulon") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.204) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5100985@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For each set of regulons, SCOPE's performance decayed gradually as increasing numbers of extraneous genes were added to the regulon.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . 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(:end . 231) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.226) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101007@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In practice, this theorem argues for the use of specialized domain knowledge 20, where available, and may suggest that similar average performance across a diversity of approaches is an indication of the diversity of the datasets themselves.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "practice") (:form . "practice") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "theorem") (:form . "theorem") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "argue") (:form . "argues") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "specialize") (:form . "specialized") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "knowledge") (:form . "knowledge") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "20") (:form . "20") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "across") (:form . "across") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "diversity") (:form . "diversity") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 168) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approaches") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 182) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 185) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "indication") (:form . "indication") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 199) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 203) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "diversity") (:form . "diversity") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 216) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 220) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 229)\n (:start . 221) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "themselves") (:form . "themselves") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 241) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.227.1) (:span 186 196))\n ((:id . :x3.227.2) (:span 106 113)) ((:id . :x3.227.3) (:span 102 105)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.227.1) (:span 186 240))\n ((:id . :x3.227.2) (:span 106 240)) ((:id . :x3.227.3) (:span 102 240)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.227) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101008@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, motif finders designed for one class of motifs will win on regulons containing those motifs, but will perform poorly on other regulons, while more general motif finders will tend to have more consistently mediocre performance.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "design") (:form . "designed") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "win") (:form . "win") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "containing") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "perform") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "poorly") (:form . "poorly") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "general") (:form . "general") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 179) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "tend") (:form . "tend") (:end . 184) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 187) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 192) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 197) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "consistently") (:form . "consistently") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mediocre") (:form . "mediocre") (:end . 219)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 231)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 232) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.228.1) (:span 180 184)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.228.1) (:span 180 231)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.228) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101010@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The working hypothesis is, in effect, that the local maxima are predictable (corresponding to one of three motif classes) and exploitable (we can find the local maxima in each class and choose whichever is higher).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "work") (:form . "working") (:end . 11) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hypothesis") (:form . "hypothesis") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "local") (:form . "local") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "maximum") (:form . "maxima") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "predictable") (:form . "predictable") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "class") (:form . "classes") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "exploitable") (:form . "exploitable") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 141) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "find") (:form . "find") (:end . 150) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 154) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "local") (:form . "local") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "maximum") (:form . "maxima") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 170) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 175) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "choose") (:form . "choose") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "whichever") (:form . "whichever") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 205) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 212)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.230.1) (:span 12 22)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.230.1) (:span 12 137)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.230) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101011@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Consistent with this hypothesis, there was very little overlap among the component algorithms of SCOPE (each wins about 20 of the 78 regulons, with very few ties) and, by taking the maximum score from those three local maxima, SCOPE tended to choose the motif with the highest accuracy in a clear majority of the cases (66%, compared to 33% for a random learning rule).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "Consistent") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hypothesis") (:form . "hypothesis") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "very") (:form . "very") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "little") (:form . "little") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlap") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "among") (:form . "among") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 108) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "win") (:form . "wins") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "20") (:form . "20") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "78") (:form . "78") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 147) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "very") (:form . "very") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "few") (:form . "few") (:end . 156) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tie") (:form . "ties") (:end . 161) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 166) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 170) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "take") (:form . "taking") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 369) (:start . 368)\n (:id . 117)))@@@1@76@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.231) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101012@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, SCOPE not only significantly outperformed its components on this dataset, it also outperformed a number of general purpose algorithms that seek to find the global maximum in a single pass.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . 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(:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.233) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101014@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As the physical properties of transcription factors will inevitably constrain the structure of their binding sites, biologically relevant datasets comprise a subset of the space of all theoretically possible sequences.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "physical") (:form . "physical") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "property") (:form . "properties") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . 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(:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.234) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101015@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our test set of 78 regulons was selected in a blinded manner (for details, see Additional file 1, section S3), thus these results suggest the generalizability of SCOPE's use of domain knowledge on biologically relevant datasets from these species.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "78") (:form . "78") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . 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"knowledge") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 196) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "biologically") (:form . "biologically") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relevant") (:form . "relevant") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "datasets") (:end . 227)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 232) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 246)\n (:start . 239) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 247) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.235.1) (:span 130 137)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.235.1) (:span 130 246)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.235) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101016@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These observations are not offered as definitive proof that there are only three classes of motifs; rather, they show that power can be gained by identifying distinct motif classes and combining specialized algorithms with a unified scoring rule.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observations") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "offer") (:form . "offered") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "definitive") (:form . "definitive") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proof") (:form . "proof") (:end . 54) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "class") (:form . "classes") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "rather") (:form . "rather") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "power") (:form . "power") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 135) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "gain") (:form . "gained") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identifying") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "class") (:form . "classes") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 184) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combining") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "specialize") (:form . "specialized") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 222) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 224) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unified") (:form . "unified") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scoring") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 245) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 246) (:start . 245)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.236.1) (:span 23 26)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.236.1) (:span 0 98)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.236) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101017@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is possible that more power could be gained by identifying other distinct motif classes and adding algorithms that explicitly search for those classes.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "power") (:form . "power") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "gain") (:form . "gained") (:end . 46) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identifying") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "class") (:form . "classes") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "add") (:form . "adding") (:end . 101) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "explicitly") (:form . "explicitly") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "class") (:form . "classes") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.237.1) (:span 31 36)) ((:id . :x3.237.2) (:span 6 14)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.237.1) (:span 20 153))\n ((:id . :x3.237.2) (:span 6 153)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.237) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101018@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, Zinc finger transcription factors have been demonstrated to bind three triplets of nucleotides which overlap at their third base positions 21.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Zinc") (:form . "Zinc") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 38) (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrated") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "triplet") (:form . "triplets") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "nucleotide") (:form . "nucleotides") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlap") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third") (:form . "third") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "base") (:end . 141) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 154) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.238) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101020@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, all nondegenerate triplets in a set of upstream regions could be scored and the highest-scoring triplets combined into a single five-mer with a two-base degeneracy (corresponding to the IUPAC characters R,Y, W, S, K or M) at the middle position.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nondegenerate") (:form . "nondegenerate")\n (:end . 23) (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "triplet") (:form . "triplets") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scored") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "highest-scoring") (:form . "highest-scoring")\n (:end . 101) (:start . 86) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "triplet") (:form . "triplets") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "five-mer") (:form . "five-mer") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 147) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "two-base") (:form . "two-base") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degeneracy") (:form . "degeneracy") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 187) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 191) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IUPAC") (:form . "IUPAC") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "character") (:form . "characters") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "R,Y") (:form . "R,Y") (:end . 212) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "W") (:form . "W") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "K") (:form . "K") (:end . 221) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 224) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "M") (:form . "M") (:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 230) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 234) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "middle") (:form . "middle") (:end . 241)\n (:start . 235) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 250)\n (:start . 242) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 251) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.240.1) (:span 62 67)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.240.1) (:span 6 77)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.240) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101021@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The highest-scoring five-mers could then be combined with the highest scoring triplets to generate a seven-mer with two-base degeneracies at positions three and five.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "highest-scoring") (:form . "highest-scoring")\n (:end . 19) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "five-mer") (:form . "five-mers") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scoring") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "triplet") (:form . "triplets") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generate") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "seven-mer") (:form . "seven-mer") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 115) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "two-base") (:form . "two-base") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "degeneracy") (:form . "degeneracies") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 160) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "five") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.241.1) (:span 30 35)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.241.1) (:span 0 165)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.241) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101022@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Provided the appropriate Bonferroni correction is applied for this new class of motifs, these motifs may be easily compared with the results from BEAM, PRISM and SPACER, thereby extending the SCOPE ensemble to include a fourth class of motifs.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "Provided") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "appropriate") (:form . "appropriate") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Bonferroni") (:form . "Bonferroni") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correction") (:form . "correction") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "apply") (:form . "applied") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "easily") (:form . "easily") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 145) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BEAM") (:form . "BEAM") (:end . 150) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prism") (:form . "PRISM") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SPACER") (:form . "SPACER") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thereby") (:form . "thereby") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "extend") (:form . "extending") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 191) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 209) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "include") (:form . "include") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "fourth") (:form . "fourth") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 235) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 242)\n (:start . 236) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 243) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.242.1) (:span 101 104)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.242.1) (:span 88 168)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.242) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101023@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We note, however, that as more methods are added to SCOPE, it will be increasingly difficult to devise a scoring metric that can accurately choose the best result from among the components.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "note") (:form . "note") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "however") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "add") (:form . "added") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "increasingly") (:form . "increasingly") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "difficult") (:form . "difficult") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "devise") (:form . "devise") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scoring") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "metric") (:form . "metric") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 128) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "accurately") (:form . "accurately") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "choose") (:form . "choose") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "good") (:form . "best") (:end . 155) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 167) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "among") (:form . "among") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 177) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "component") (:form . "components") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.243) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101024@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SCOPE may also serve as a complementary approach to the HLK method.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scope") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "serve") (:form . "serve") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complementary") (:form . "complementary")\n (:end . 39) (:start . 26) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approach") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HLK") (:form . "HLK") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.244.1) (:span 6 9)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.244.1) (:span 6 66)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.244) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101025@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, the parameters of many methods can be set to search for specific classes of motifs (such as bipartite versus non-bipartite motifs).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "class") (:form . "classes") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "bipartite") (:form . "bipartite") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "versus") (:form . "versus") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-bipartite") (:form . "non-bipartite")\n (:end . 135) (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.245) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101026@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, analogous to the ensemble method described in this paper, one may build a hierarchical ensemble that first searches each motif class by the HLK method using a number of algorithms or random restarts, and then uses the SCOPE method to choose the best result from among the motif classes.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "analogous") (:form . "analogous") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "paper") (:form . "paper") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "build") (:form . "build") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hierarchical") (:form . "hierarchical") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 126) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "class") (:form . "class") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 141) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HLK") (:form . "HLK") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 162) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 174) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithms") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 188) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "random") (:form . "random") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "restart") (:form . "restarts") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 205) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 209) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 214) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "use") (:form . "uses") (:end . 219) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 223) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 229)\n (:start . 224) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 236)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 239) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "choose") (:form . "choose") (:end . 246)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 250) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "good") (:form . "best") (:end . 255) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 262)\n (:start . 256) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 267) (:start . 263)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "among") (:form . "among") (:end . 273)\n (:start . 268) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 277) (:start . 274)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 283)\n (:start . 278) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "class") (:form . "classes") (:end . 291)\n (:start . 284) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 292) (:start . 291)\n (:id . 95)))@@@1@54@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.246.1) (:span 68 71)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.246.1) (:span 68 291)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.246) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101027@unknown@formal@none@1@S@One constraint associated with such an approach is the run-time.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "One") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "constraint") (:form . "constraint") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associated") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approach") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "run-time") (:form . "run-time") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.247) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101028@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A second constraint associated with a hierarchical ensemble learning method is the multiplicative increase in the number of parameters associated with it, though this problem may be ameliorated by the use of parameter-free algorithms that employ restricted search spaces.@(((:tag . 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(:end . 271) (:start . 270)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.248.1) (:span 175 178)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.248.1) (:span 162 270)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.248) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101030@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Certainly to maintain statistical validity, some correction must be made for multiple hypothesis testing.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "certainly") (:form . "Certainly") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "maintain") (:form . "maintain") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "statistical") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "validity") (:form . "validity") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.250) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101031@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, the effects of multiple testing may bias the results in favor of one of the component algorithms.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effects") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "testing") (:form . 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(:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.257) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101038@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To the best of our knowledge, this dataset represents the largest set of biologically relevant regulons used for performance comparisons to date.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "good") (:form . "best") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "knowledge") (:form . "knowledge") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.258) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101040@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our comparison thus complements the recent large scale study of Tompa et al., who gauge performance under optimal conditions on semi-synthetic data sets 5, as well as the study of Hu et al., who explore the effect of parameter optimization on a handful of popular motif finders 4.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparison") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "complement") (:form . "complements") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"of") (:end . 255) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "popular") (:form . "popular") (:end . 263)\n (:start . 256) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 269)\n (:start . 264) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 277)\n (:start . 270) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 279) (:start . 278)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 280) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.260) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101041@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although the present philosophy of performance comparison implicitly benefits SCOPE, which has no parameters to optimize, it is arguably the most relevant comparison possible for the typical biologist.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . 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(:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.261.1) (:span 95 97)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.261.1) (:span 95 120)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.261) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101042@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although previous studies have shown the potential importance of choosing parameters carefully 46, we note that the results we obtained under default settings were quite similar to those reported in previous studies (for details, see Additional file 1, section S3).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "previous") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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(:form . ".") (:end . 265) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.262.1) (:span 41 50)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.262.1) (:span 41 94)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.262) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101043@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Arguably, systematic parameter optimization for each of these programs may well yield higher accuracy scores than those reported here.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "arguably") (:form . "Arguably") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "systematic") (:form . "systematic") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameter") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "optimization") (:form . "optimization") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"scores") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.263.1) (:span 71 74)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.263.1) (:span 71 133)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.263) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101044@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, in order to avoid the pitfall of overfitting to the dataset, such parameter optimization must be performed using cross-validation or some other resampling technique 92223.@(((:tag . 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"DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameter") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "optimization") (:form . "optimization") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "must") (:form . "must") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performed") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 121) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cross-validation") (:form . "cross-validation")\n (:end . 138) (:start . 122) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 141) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 146) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "resample") (:form . "resampling") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "technique") (:form . "technique") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "92223") (:form . "92223") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.264) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101045@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We note that all the motif finders tested, including SCOPE, performed poorly on the Drosophila dataset.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "note") (:form . "note") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 41) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performed") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "poorly") (:form . "poorly") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.265) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101046@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although SCOPE had the highest accuracy on this dataset, that accuracy was significantly less than on the bacterial and yeast data.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "high") (:form . "highest") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 88) (:start . 75) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "less") (:form . "less") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "bacterial") (:form . "bacterial") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yeast") (:form . "yeast") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.266) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101047@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Especially poor performance on Drosophila was also reported in the Tompa et al. performance comparison, indicating that this difficulty is not limited to the current dataset 5.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "especially") (:form . "Especially") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "poor") (:form . "poor") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Tompa") (:form . "Tompa") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparison") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicating") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 119) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "difficulty") (:form . "difficulty") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 138) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "limit") (:form . "limited") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "current") (:form . "current") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dataset") (:form . "dataset") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.267.2) (:span 104 119)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x3.267.1) (:span 139 142)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.267.2) (:span 104 173)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.267.1) (:span 120 173)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.267) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101048@unknown@formal@none@1@S@One possible cause of poor performance in this study is that the ""regulons"" are derived from enhancer regions defined in an earlier computational paper 24.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "One") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cause") (:form . "cause") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "poor") (:form . "poor") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "”regulons") (:form . "”regulons") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancer") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "early") (:form . "earlier") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "computational") (:form . "computational")\n (:end . 147) (:start . 134) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "paper") (:form . "paper") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "24") (:form . "24") (:end . 156) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.268.1) (:span 4 12)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.268.1) (:span 4 153)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.268) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101050@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, the background sequences used by SCOPE and the other programs may not be representative of the ""true"" background model of enhancers, leading to inaccurate statistics.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "background") (:form . "background") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "representative") (:form . "representative")\n (:end . 93) (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "``") (:form . "“") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "”true") (:form . "”true") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "''") (:form . "”") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "background") (:form . "background") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "enhancer") (:form . "enhancers") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "lead") (:form . "leading") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inaccurate") (:form . "inaccurate") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistics") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.270.2) (:span 68 71)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x3.270.1) (:span 72 75)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.270.2) (:span 68 173)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.270.1) (:span 72 173)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.270) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101051@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The persistently poor performance of motif finders on Drosophila regulons thus highlights the importance of using well-defined background sequences to calibrate the statistics of the objective functions being optimized.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "persistently") (:form . "persistently") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "poor") (:form . "poor") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "highlight") (:form . "highlights") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "importance") (:form . "importance") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 113) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "well-defined") (:form . "well-defined") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "background") (:form . "background") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 150) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "calibrate") (:form . "calibrate") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 164) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistics") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.272) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101053@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is possible that using such algorithms to define a collection of background enhancer sequences may improve the performance of SCOPE, as well as that of the other motif finders, on Drosophila.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.273.1) (:span 98 101)) ((:id . :x3.273.2) (:span 6 14)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.273.1) (:span 98 193))\n ((:id . :x3.273.2) (:span 6 193)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.273) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101054@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conclusion@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "Conclusion") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.274) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101055@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Ensemble methods hold the potential for providing improvements in motif finding accuracy without resorting to the use of additional data (such as phylogenetic information or characterization of the domain structure of the transcription factor), which are not always available.@(((:tag . 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"(") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "phylogenetic") (:form . "phylogenetic") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "information") (:form . "information") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 173) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "characterization") (:form . "characterization")\n (:end . 190) (:start . 174) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 193) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 197) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 217) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 221) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 235) (:start . 222) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 242)\n (:start . 236) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 243) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 244) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 250)\n (:start . 245) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 254) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 258) (:start . 255)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "always") (:form . "always") (:end . 265)\n (:start . 259) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 275)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 276) (:start . 275)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.275.1) (:span 89 96)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.275.1) (:span 89 275)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.275) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101056@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Typically, ensemble learning methods are plagued with certain liabilities, such as increased runtimes, logistical complexity and a multiplicity of nuisance parameters, all of which grow with the number of programs run.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "typically") (:form . "Typically") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "plague") (:form . "plagued") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "certain") (:form . "certain") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "liability") (:form . "liabilities") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increased") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "runtime") (:form . "runtimes") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "logistical") (:form . "logistical") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complexity") (:form . "complexity") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 128) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "multiplicity") (:form . "multiplicity") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nuisance") (:form . "nuisance") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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"programs") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "run") (:form . "run") (:end . 217) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.276) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101057@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the machine learning field, ensemble methods have coexisted for many years with non-ensemble methods, with no clear superiority having been established between the two.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "machine") (:form . "machine") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "learning") (:form . "learning") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "field") (:form . "field") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ensemble") (:form . "ensemble") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "coexist") (:form . "coexisted") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "year") (:form . "years") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-ensemble") (:form . "non-ensemble") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "clear") (:form . "clear") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superiority") (:form . "superiority") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "have") (:form . "having") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "establish") (:form . "established") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 166) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 170) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.277) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101058@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SCOPE serves as a proof-of-concept, demonstrating an efficient and effective approach to ensemble-based motif finding.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scope") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "serve") (:form . "serves") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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",") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rapid") (:form . "rapid") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "runtime") (:form . "runtime") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "freedom") (:form . "freedom") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nuisance") (:form . "nuisance") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "make") (:form . "make") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "simple") (:form . "simple") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "effective") (:form . "effective") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tool") (:form . "tool") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "biologist") (:form . "biologist") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.280) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101061@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Methods@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.281) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101062@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Accuracy, Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "Accuracy") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sensitivity") (:form . "Sensitivity") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "Positive") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "predictive") (:form . "Predictive") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Value") (:form . 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"DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 168) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "co-regulated") (:form . "co-regulated") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 190)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.284) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101065@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Phi score can be defined as follows: let U be a unique numbering of all the bases in the upstream sequences of a given gene set, and IU(m) ⊆ U be the set of bases that are covered by actual instances of m in U.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Phi") (:form . "Phi") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . 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"set") (:form . "set") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IU(m)") (:form . "IU(m)") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "⊆") (:form . "⊆") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "U") (:form . "U") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 153) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 171) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 175) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "covered") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 186) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "actual") (:form . "actual") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "instance") (:form . "instances") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 206) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 211) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "U") (:form . "U") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 90)))@@@1@49@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.285) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101066@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Phi is then defined as the ratio of the number of bases occupied by the actual instances of both the motifs, to the total number of bases occupied by the actual instances of either of the two motifs:@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Phi") (:form . "Phi") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ratio") (:form . "ratio") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "occupy") (:form . "occupied") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "actual") (:form . "actual") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "instance") (:form . "instances") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "occupy") (:form . "occupied") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 153) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "actual") (:form . "actual") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "instance") (:form . "instances") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 173) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 183) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 187) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 191) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.286) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101067@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ΦU(m1, m2) = [IU(m1) ∩ IU(m2)]/[IU(m1) ∪ IU(m2)].@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ΦU(m1") (:form . "ΦU(m1") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m2") (:form . "m2") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "IU(m1)") (:form . "IU(m1)") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "∩") (:form . "∩") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "IU(m2)]/[IU(m1)") (:form . "IU(m2)]/[IU(m1)")\n (:end . 38) (:start . 23) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "∪") (:form . "∪") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "IU(m2)") (:form . "IU(m2)") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.287) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101068@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This metric therefore takes both false positives and false negatives into account at the level of the individual bases that are actually covered by the motif.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "metric") (:form . "metric") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "take") (:form . "takes") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positives") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "negative") (:form . "negatives") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "account") (:form . "account") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "individual") (:form . "individual") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "actually") (:form . "actually") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "covered") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.288) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101070@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Changing the denominator of the Phi equation to be IU(mi) yields the sensitivity (if mi represents the true binding sites) or the positive predictive value (PPV, if mi represents the reported binding sites).@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "change") (:form . "Changing") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "denominator") (:form . "denominator") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Phi") (:form . "Phi") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "equation") (:form . "equation") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "IU(mi)") (:form . "IU(mi)") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "yield") (:form . "yields") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sensitivity") (:form . "sensitivity") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mi") (:form . "mi") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represents") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "true") (:form . "true") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "predictive") (:form . "predictive") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PPV") (:form . "PPV") (:end . 160) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mi") (:form . "mi") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represents") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 182) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.290) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101071@unknown@formal@none@1@S@See Additional file 1, section S3, for a discussion on the use of Phi score for measuring accuracy.@(((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "See") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "file") (:form . "file") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "section") (:form . "section") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "s3") (:form . "S3") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "discussion") (:form . "discussion") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Phi") (:form . "Phi") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measuring") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accuracy") (:form . "accuracy") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.291) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101072@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Objective functions for Statistical Significance@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "Objective") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "Statistical") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "Significance") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.292) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101073@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In line with other motif finders, we have used statistical significance as a surrogate for biological significance.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "line") (:form . "line") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "statistical") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "significance") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "surrogate") (:form . "surrogate") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biological") (:form . "biological") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "significance") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.293) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101074@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since the latter cannot be defined without data that obviates the need for computational motif finding, objective functions that approximate biological significance are critical.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "latter") (:form . "latter") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cannot") (:form . "cannot") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "obviate") (:form . "obviates") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "need") (:form . "need") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "computational") (:form . "computational")\n (:end . 88) (:start . 75) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "finding") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "approximate") (:form . "approximate") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biological") (:form . "biological") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "significance") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 168) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "critical") (:form . "critical") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.294.1) (:span 35 42)) ((:id . :x3.294.2) (:span 17 23)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.294.1) (:span 35 102))\n ((:id . :x3.294.2) (:span 6 102)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.294) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101075@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this section, we detail the objective functions we used and their effect on SCOPE's performance.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "section") (:form . "section") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "detail") (:form . "detail") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effect") (:form . "effect") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SCOPE") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "performance") (:form . "performance") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.295) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101076@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For any motif m, each objective function provides a definition for p(m), the probability of observing a motif with the same sufficient statistics as m assuming a particular null model.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "objective") (:form . "objective") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provides") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "definition") (:form . "definition") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "p(m)") (:form . "p(m)") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "probability") (:form . "probability") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observing") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 114) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sufficient") (:form . "sufficient") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistics") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "assume") (:form . "assuming") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "particular") (:form . "particular") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "null") (:form . "null") (:end . 177) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.296) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101077@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This p-value is used in the computation of the Sig score (see Results).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p-value") (:form . "p-value") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "computation") (:form . "computation") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sig") (:form . "Sig") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "Results") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.297) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101078@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Overrepresentation@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Overrepresentation") (:form . "Overrepresentation")\n (:end . 18) (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.298) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101080@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the context of consensus motifs, overrepresentation is expressed in terms of a multinomial model, in which each position i in each gene j is a random variable Xij that can take on any motif allowed by the particular motif model.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "context") (:form . "context") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 54) (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressed") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "term") (:form . "terms") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multinomial") (:form . "multinomial") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 99) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 114) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "i") (:form . "i") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 138) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "j") (:form . "j") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "random") (:form . "random") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "variable") (:form . "variable") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Xij") (:form . "Xij") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 174) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "take") (:form . "take") (:end . 179) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "RP") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 182) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 186) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allowed") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 203) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "particular") (:form . "particular") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 230)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 231) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.300) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101081@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The probability of seeing m at least C(m) times in the regulon can be approximated by the Poisson distribution: p(m) = ∑k≥C(m) [(λke-λ)/k! ] where λ is the expectation of C(m) with respect to the null motif distribution and the number of positions in the regulon.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "probability") (:form . "probability") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "see") (:form . "seeing") (:end . 25) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "C(m)") (:form . "C(m)") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "time") (:form . "times") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulon") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "approximate") (:form . "approximated") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Poisson") (:form . "Poisson") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "p(m)") (:form . "p(m)") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "∑k≥C(m)") (:form . "∑k≥C(m)") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "λke-λ)/k") (:form . "λke-λ)/k") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "!") (:form . "!") 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"to") (:form . "to") (:end . 191) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 195) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "null") (:form . "null") (:end . 200) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 219)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 223) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 227) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 234)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 237) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 247)\n (:start . 238) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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"it") (:form . "it") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "fail") (:form . "fails") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "account") (:form . "account") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "instance") (:form . "instances") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 157) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 174) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 179) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 183) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "arise") (:form . "arise") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "due") (:form . "due") (:end . 193) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 196) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cooperative") (:form . "cooperative") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.307.1) (:span 180 183)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x3.307.2) (:span 100 105)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.307.1) (:span 180 216)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.307.2) (:span 100 216)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.307) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101088@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Positional bias@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positional") (:form . "Positional") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bia") (:form . "bias") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.308) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101090@unknown@formal@none@1@S@One well known example is TBP (TATA-binding protein), which localizes the RNA polymerase complex by binding the TATA-box motif roughly 25 bases upstream of the transcription start site 30.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "One") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TBP") (:form . "TBP") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tata-binding") (:form . "TATA-binding") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "localize") (:form . "localizes") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "polymerase") (:form . "polymerase") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tata-box") (:form . "TATA-box") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "roughly") (:form . "roughly") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "25") (:form . "25") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 155) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 159) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 173) (:start . 160) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "start") (:form . "start") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 184) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "30") (:form . "30") (:end . 187) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.310) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101091@unknown@formal@none@1@S@While other examples of binding sites with positional restrictions are well known, few motif finders incorporate position in their scoring function.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "While") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "example") (:form . "examples") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positional") (:form . "positional") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "restriction") (:form . "restrictions") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "few") (:form . "few") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finder") (:form . "finders") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "incorporate") (:form . "incorporate") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scoring") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.311) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101092@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the case where all upstream regions are the same length, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic provides a natural test for positional bias.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Kolmogorov-Smirnov") (:form . "Kolmogorov-Smirnov")\n (:end . 82) (:start . 64) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "KS") (:form . "KS") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistic") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provides") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "natural") (:form . "natural") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positional") (:form . "positional") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bias") (:form . "bias") (:end . 141) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.312) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101093@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic is a non-parametric statistic that measures the probability that two samples are drawn from the same distribution.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Kolmogorov-Smirnov") (:form . "Kolmogorov-Smirnov")\n (:end . 22) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "KS") (:form . "KS") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistic") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-parametric") (:form . "non-parametric")\n (:end . 57) (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistic") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measures") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "probability") (:form . "probability") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sample") (:form . "samples") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "draw") (:form . "drawn") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 138) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.313) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101094@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Let X be the sample that we wish to compare to some reference sample Y.@(((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "let") (:form . "Let") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X") (:form . "X") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sample") (:form . "sample") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "wish") (:form . "wish") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compare") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reference") (:form . "reference") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sample") (:form . "sample") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "y") (:form . "Y") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.314) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101095@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The KS statistic is defined to be the maximum absolute difference between the unbiased cumulative distribution functions of X and Y.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "KS") (:form . "KS") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistic") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "maximum") (:form . "maximum") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "absolute") (:form . "absolute") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "difference") (:form . "difference") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unbiased") (:form . "unbiased") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cumulative") (:form . "cumulative") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X") (:form . "X") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Y") (:form . "Y") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.315) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101096@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The KS statistic has a well-defined distribution from which a p-value can be easily computed.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "KS") (:form . "KS") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistic") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "well-defined") (:form . "well-defined") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p-value") (:form . "p-value") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "easily") (:form . "easily") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compute") (:form . "computed") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.316) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101097@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Kuiper's variation was used to increase sensitivity in the tails of the distribution 31.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Kuiper") (:form . "Kuiper") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "variation") (:form . "variation") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increase") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sensitivity") (:form . "sensitivity") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tail") (:form . "tails") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "31") (:form . "31") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.317) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101098@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the context of motifs, we defined the test sample X for a motif m to be the set of starting positions (with respect to transcription start sites) of m in the regulon.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "context") (:form . "context") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sample") (:form . "sample") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "x") (:form . "X") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "start") (:form . "starting") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "respect") (:form . "respect") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 135) (:start . 122) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "start") (:form . "start") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 156) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 160) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulon") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.318) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101100@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, pKS(m) is a measure of how m is localized differently in the regulon than in the genome as a whole.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "pKS(m)") (:form . "pKS(m)") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measure") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "how") (:form . "how") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "localize") (:form . "localized") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "differently") (:form . "differently") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulon") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "whole") (:form . "whole") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.320) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101101@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is also possible to define Y as the uniform distribution; however, we found that many motifs had non-uniform distributions throughout all upstream regions of the genome, possibly as an artifact of the non-uniform AT/CG distributions in upstream regions 32.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "define") (:form . "define") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "y") (:form . "Y") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "uniform") (:form . "uniform") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "however") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-uniform") (:form . "non-uniform") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distributions")\n (:end . 125) (:start . 112) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "throughout") (:form . "throughout") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 164) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "possibly") (:form . "possibly") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 184) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 187) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "artifact") (:form . "artifact") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 199) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 203) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-uniform") (:form . "non-uniform") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "at/cg") (:form . "AT/CG") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 216) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distributions")\n (:end . 235) (:start . 222) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 238) (:start . 236)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 247)\n (:start . 239) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 255)\n (:start . 248) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "32") (:form . "32") (:end . 258) (:start . 256)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 259) (:start . 258)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.321.1) (:span 173 181))\n ((:id . :x3.321.2) (:span 11 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.321.1) (:span 173 255))\n ((:id . :x3.321.2) (:span 11 59)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.321) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101102@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Combining overrepresentation and positional bias@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "Combining") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positional") (:form . "positional") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bia") (:form . "bias") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.322) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101103@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since overrepresentation and KS are independent, the probabilities can simply be multiplied together to yield the probability of randomly sampling a motif with a given degree of overrepresentation and positional bias.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 24) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ks") (:form . "KS") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "independent") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "probability") (:form . "probabilities") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "simply") (:form . "simply") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "multiply") (:form . "multiplied") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "together") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "yield") (:form . "yield") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "probability") (:form . "probability") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "randomly") (:form . "randomly") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "sample") (:form . "sampling") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 159) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 177) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 196) (:start . 178) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 200) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positional") (:form . "positional") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bias") (:form . "bias") (:end . 216) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.323) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101104@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Motif orientation@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "Motif") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "orientation") (:form . "orientation") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.324) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101105@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Many transcription factors will bind motifs on either DNA strand.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "Many") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 18) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "strand") (:form . "strand") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.325) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101106@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Others, such as the general transcription factor TBP (TATA-Binding Protein), require a specific orientation and will only function if bound to motifs on a specific DNA strand 30.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "other") (:form . "Others") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "general") (:form . "general") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 41) (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TBP") (:form . "TBP") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TATA-Binding") (:form . "TATA-Binding") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Protein") (:form . "Protein") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "require") (:form . "require") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "orientation") (:form . "orientation") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 133) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bound") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "strand") (:form . "strand") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "30") (:form . "30") (:end . 177) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.326) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101107@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In scoring a motif m, a choice must therefore be made as to whether or not the reverse complement mR of m will be considered to be the same motif as m.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "score") (:form . "scoring") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "choice") (:form . "choice") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "must") (:form . "must") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "make") (:form . "made") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "reverse") (:form . "reverse") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complement") (:form . "complement") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "mR") (:form . "mR") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.327.1) (:span 114 124))\n ((:id . :x3.327.2) (:span 60 74)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.327.1) (:span 75 150))\n ((:id . :x3.327.2) (:span 60 150)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.327) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101108@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Most programs assume motif orientation does not matter and so define m = mR.@(((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "Most") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programs") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "assume") (:form . "assume") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "orientation") (:form . "orientation") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matter") (:form . "matter") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "so") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "define") (:form . "define") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "mR") (:form . "mR") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:ncues ((:id . :x3.328.1) (:span 44 47)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x3.328.1) (:span 44 54)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.328) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101110@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We thus chose to attach a flag to each motif, indicating whether or not the motif should be orientation-neutral.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "choose") (:form . "chose") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "attach") (:form . "attach") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "flag") (:form . "flag") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicating") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "should") (:form . "should") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "orientation-neutral")\n (:form . "orientation-neutral") (:end . 111) (:start . 92) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x3.330.1) (:span 82 88)) ((:id . :x3.330.2) (:span 57 71)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x3.330.1) (:span 72 111))\n ((:id . :x3.330.2) (:span 57 111)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s3.330) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101111@unknown@formal@none@1@S@BEAM and SPACER thus enumerate and evaluate all motifs with both values of this flag.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beam") (:form . "BEAM") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "spacer") (:form . "SPACER") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "thus") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "enumerate") (:form . "enumerate") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "evaluate") (:form . "evaluate") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "flag") (:form . "flag") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.331) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101112@unknown@formal@none@1@S@SCOPE reports that orientation does matter (i.e. m ≠ mR) for 17% of the regulons in our biological test set.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scope") (:form . "SCOPE") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reports") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "orientation") (:form . "orientation") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matter") (:form . "matter") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "i.e.") (:form . "i.e.") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "m") (:form . "m") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "≠") (:form . "≠") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "mR") (:form . "mR") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17") (:form . "17") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "regulon") (:form . "regulons") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biological") (:form . "biological") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s3.332) (:did . :1471-2105-8-249)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101113@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Reuse of structural domain–domain interactions in protein networks@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Reuse") (:form . "Reuse") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "structural") (:form . "structural") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain–domain") (:form . "domain–domain")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "network") (:form . "networks") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.1) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101114@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Abstract@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "abstract") (:form . "Abstract") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.2) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101115@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Background@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "background") (:form . "Background") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.3) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101116@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Protein interactions are thought to be largely mediated by interactions between structural domains.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "Protein") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "think") (:form . "thought") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "largely") (:form . "largely") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . "mediated") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "structural") (:form . "structural") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.4.1) (:span 25 32)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.4.1) (:span 0 98)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.4) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101117@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Databases such as iPfam relate interactions in protein structures to known domain families.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "database") (:form . "Databases") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "relate") (:form . "relate") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structures") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "known") (:form . "known") (:end . 74) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.5) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101118@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here, we investigate how the domain interactions from the iPfam database are distributed in protein interactions taken from the HPRD, MPact, BioGRID, DIP and IntAct databases.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigate") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "how") (:form . "how") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "database") (:form . "database") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "distribute") (:form . "distributed") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "taken") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HPRD") (:form . "HPRD") (:end . 132) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MPact") (:form . "MPact") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BioGRID") (:form . "BioGRID") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DIP") (:form . "DIP") (:end . 153) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IntAct") (:form . "IntAct") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "database") (:form . "databases") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.6) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101120@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We find that known structural domain interactions can only explain a subset of 4–19% of the available protein interactions, nevertheless this fraction is still significantly bigger than expected by chance.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "find") (:form . "find") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "known") (:form . "known") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "structural") (:form . "structural") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "explain") (:form . "explain") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subset") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4–19") (:form . "4–19") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "nevertheless") (:form . "nevertheless") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 141) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "fraction") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "still") (:form . "still") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 173) (:start . 160) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "big") (:form . "bigger") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 185) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 197) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chance") (:form . "chance") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 205) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.8) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101121@unknown@formal@none@1@S@There is a correlation between the frequency of a domain interaction and the connectivity of the proteins it occurs in.@(((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "There") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frequency") (:form . "frequency") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "connectivity") (:form . "connectivity") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occurs") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.9) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101122@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, a large proportion of protein interactions can be attributed to a small number of domain interactions.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large") (:form . "large") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportion") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "attribute") (:form . "attributed") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "small") (:form . "small") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.10) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101123@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We conclude that many, but not all, domain interactions constitute reusable modules of molecular recognition.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "conclude") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "constitute") (:form . "constitute") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "reusable") (:form . "reusable") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "molecular") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recognition") (:form . "recognition") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.11) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101124@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A substantial proportion of domain interactions are conserved between E. coli, S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "substantial") (:form . "substantial") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportion") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.12) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101125@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These domains are related to essential cellular functions, suggesting that many domain interactions were already present in the last universal common ancestor.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "relate") (:form . "related") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "essential") (:form . "essential") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cellular") (:form . "cellular") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggesting") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "already") (:form . "already") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "last") (:form . "last") (:end . 132) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "universal") (:form . "universal") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ancestor") (:form . "ancestor") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.13.1) (:span 59 69)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.13.1) (:span 59 158)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.13) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101126@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conclusion@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "Conclusion") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.14) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101127@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our results support the concept of domain interactions as reusable, conserved building blocks of protein interactions, but also highlight the limitations currently imposed by the small number of available protein structures.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "support") (:form . "support") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "concept") (:form . "concept") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 224) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.15) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101128@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Background@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "background") (:form . "Background") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.16) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101130@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Such families of related sequence regions, collected in the Pfam database 1, usually constitute structurally and functionally conserved modules.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "Such") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.18) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101131@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is assumed that binding interfaces, too, are conserved evolutionary modules that are reused between proteins of different functions and retained during evolution 23.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "assume") (:form . "assumed") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interface") (:form . "interfaces") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.19.1) (:span 6 13)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.19.1) (:span 6 164)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.19) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101132@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, domain–domain interactions are often regarded as the currency of protein–protein interactions.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain–domain") (:form . "domain–domain")\n (:end . 24) (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "often") (:form . 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(:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.20) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101133@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Based on this assumption, Ng et al. described an approach to predict domain–domain interactions using literature curation, evolutionary history and the distribution of domains in protein interactions 4.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "Based") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assumption") (:form . "assumption") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ng") (:form . "Ng") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"in") (:end . 178) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.21) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101134@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Wuchty et al. compared the relationship between this set of predicted interacting domain pairs to the domain coocurrence network 5.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Wuchty") (:form . "Wuchty") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") 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(:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.22) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101135@unknown@formal@none@1@S@More recently, other groups have come up with sophisticated statistical methods to estimate putatively interacting domain pairs, based on the assumption of domain reusability 678910.@(((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "More") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "group") (:form . "groups") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . 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"678910") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.23.1) (:span 142 152)) ((:id . :x4.23.2) (:span 92 102)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.23.1) (:span 142 174))\n ((:id . :x4.23.2) (:span 92 127)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.23) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101136@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, none of these approaches offers structural evidence that the predicted domain pairs are able to form an interaction.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "none") (:form . "none") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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"are") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "able") (:form . "able") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:ncues ((:id . :x4.24.1) (:span 9 13)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x4.24.1) (:span 9 124)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.24) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101137@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For complexes with known structure, it has been shown that domains can mediate interactions 1112.@(((:tag . 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"that") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . "mediate") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1112") (:form . "1112") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.25) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101138@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Such interactions between pairs of domains are stored in the iPfam database 13.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "Such") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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"database") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "13") (:form . "13") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.26) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101140@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Unfortunately, the selection of complexes in the PDB database of protein structures 14 is rather small and biased 15.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "unfortunately") (:form . "Unfortunately")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selection") (:form . "selection") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.30.1) (:span 34 41)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.30.1) (:span 34 127)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.30) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101143@unknown@formal@none@1@S@High-throughput experiments 161718 and extensive literature curation efforts 19 have yielded large databases of protein interactions 2021222324.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high-throughput") (:form . "High-throughput")\n (:end . 15) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "161718") (:form . "161718") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "extensive") (:form . "extensive") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "experimentally") (:form . "experimentally")\n (:end . 123) (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.40) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101153@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The experimental interactions were filtered to only include interactions with exactly two partners (see Methods).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . 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"domain") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "referred") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.42) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101155@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Accordingly, the fraction of experimental interactions that contains any pair of Pfam domains (excluding the iPfam domain pairs) is called the Pfam coverage.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "accordingly") (:form . "Accordingly") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "fraction") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excluding") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "call") (:form . "called") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 147) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.43) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101156@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Figure 1 shows the Pfam and iPfam coverage for the analysed species as a column chart.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "analyse") (:form . "analysed") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "column") (:form . "column") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chart") (:form . "chart") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.44) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101157@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The number of resolved protein interactions varies greatly between species, as does the size of the underlying proteome (see Table 1).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "resolve") (:form . "resolved") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "vary") (:form . 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"underlie") (:form . "underlying") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proteome") (:form . "proteome") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.45) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101158@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Pfam coverage, coloured red in Figure 1, lies between 49.46% and 66.73%.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "colour") (:form . "coloured") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "lie") (:form . "lies") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "49.46") (:form . "49.46") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "66.73") (:form . "66.73") (:end . 74) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.46) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101160@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The iPfam coverage, shown in blue, is much smaller, ranging from 2.92% in D. melanogaster to 19.02% in H. sapiens.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"in") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.48) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101161@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In S. cerevisiae the species with the most comprehensively studied interactome, the iPfam coverage is 4.47%.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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"coverage") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4.47") (:form . "4.47") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.49) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101162@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Comparison of coverage of iPfam domain pairs on protein interactions@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "Comparison") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.50) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101163@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Comparison of coverage of iPfam domain pairs on protein interactions.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "Comparison") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.51) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101164@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For each species, the height of the column reflects the number of known protein–protein interactions in the data set.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "height") (:form . "height") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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"the") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.52) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101165@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The columns are split according to the proportion of interactions that contain an iPfam domain pair (blue), that contain any other Pfam domains on both proteins (red), and those that contain no Pfam domain pair (yellow).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "column") (:form . "columns") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "split") (:form . "split") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "accord") (:form . "according") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportion") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "blue") (:form . "blue") (:end . 105) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 135) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 151) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 171) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 182) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 190)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 193) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 198) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 210) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yellow") (:form . "yellow") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 212) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 220) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:ncues ((:id . :x4.53.1) (:span 191 193)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x4.53.1) (:span 191 210)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.53) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101166@unknown@formal@none@1@S@iPfam domain pair coverage on protein interactions@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.54) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101167@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For each species, we list the size of the proteome as defined in Integr8 and the fraction of this proteome that is represented in the protein interaction sets, followed by the total number of binary protein interactions and the fraction of those that contain an iPfam domain pair.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "species") (:form . "species") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "list") (:form . "list") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "size") (:form . "size") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proteome") (:form . "proteome") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "integr8") (:form . "Integr8") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "fraction") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proteome") (:form . "proteome") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represented") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 158) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "followed") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 171) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 175) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 191) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "binary") (:form . "binary") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 219)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 223) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 227) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "fraction") (:end . 236)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 239) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 245)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 250) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 258)\n (:start . 251) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 261) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 267)\n (:start . 262) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 274)\n (:start . 268) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 279) (:start . 275)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 280) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 92)))@@@1@51@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.55) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101168@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The last two columns show the results of the network shuffling experiments.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "last") (:form . "last") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "column") (:form . "columns") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "network") (:form . "network") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shuffling") (:form . "shuffling") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.56) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101170@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, the fact that only a small fraction of protein interactions contain known domain pairs could be a result of the scarcity of available structures of protein complexes.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fact") (:form . "fact") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "small") (:form . "small") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "fraction") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scarcity") (:form . "scarcity") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structures") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 156) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.58.1) (:span 96 101)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.58.1) (:span 96 174)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.58) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101171@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, we asked whether the observed iPfam coverage is larger than would be expected by chance.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "ask") (:form . "asked") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "large") (:form . "larger") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "would") (:form . "would") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chance") (:form . "chance") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.59.1) (:span 80 88)) ((:id . :x4.59.2) (:span 71 76))\n ((:id . :x4.59.3) (:span 20 27)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.59.1) (:span 80 98)) ((:id . :x4.59.2) (:span 71 98))\n ((:id . :x4.59.3) (:span 20 98)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.59) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101172@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To test this, we created 1000 random networks per species using the algorithm described in Methods.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "create") (:form . "created") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1000") (:form . "1000") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "random") (:form . "random") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "network") (:form . "networks") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "per") (:form . "per") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "algorithm") (:form . "algorithm") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.60) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101173@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We then calculated the iPfam coverage on the protein interactions in each randomised network.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "randomise") (:form . "randomised") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "network") (:form . "network") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.61) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101174@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mean and standard deviations of the randomisation experiments are shown in Table 1.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mean") (:form . "Mean") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "standard") (:form . "standard") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "deviation") (:form . "deviations") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "randomisation") (:form . "randomisation")\n (:end . 49) (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.62) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101175@unknown@formal@none@1@S@No P value (see Methods) was greater than 1.84 · 10-06.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "No") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p") (:form . "P") (:end . 4) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "great") (:form . "greater") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1.84") (:form . "1.84") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "·") (:form . "·") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-06") (:form . "10-06") (:end . 54) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:ncues ((:id . :x4.63.1) (:span 0 2)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x4.63.1) (:span 0 46)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.63) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101176@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This proves that the observed iPfam coverage is significantly higher than expected and iPfam domain pairs are enriched in real experimental protein interactions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "prove") (:form . "proves") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 61) (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 68) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "enrich") (:form . "enriched") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "real") (:form . "real") (:end . 126) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.64) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101177@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Few iPfam domain pairs are responsible for a majority of the coverage@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "few") (:form . "Few") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "responsible") (:form . "responsible") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "majority") (:form . "majority") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.65) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101178@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To understand why iPfam domain pairs occur more often in experimental interactions than expected by chance, we analysed the two largest data sets, S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens in more detail.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "understand") (:form . "understand") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "why") (:form . "why") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occur") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "often") (:form . "often") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chance") (:form . "chance") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "analyse") (:form . "analysed") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "large") (:form . "largest") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 145) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 164) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 178) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 183) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "detail") (:form . "detail") (:end . 190)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.66) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101180@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In Figure 2, we compare the distribution of iPfam domain pairs on the number of experimental interactions for E. coli, S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compare") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.68) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101181@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This plot reflects how many iPfam domain pairs cover how many experimental interactions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "plot") (:form . "plot") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "reflect") (:form . "reflects") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "how") (:form . "how") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "cover") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "how") (:form . "how") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.69) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101182@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Domain pairs that cluster to the left of the plot can be called specific domain pairs, as they only occur in very few covered experimental interactions.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "Domain") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "left") (:form . "left") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "plot") (:form . "plot") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "call") (:form . "called") (:end . 63) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occur") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "very") (:form . "very") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "few") (:form . "few") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "covered") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.70) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101183@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conversely, domain pairs that cluster to the right of the plot occur in a large number of different covered experimental interactions and can be called promiscuous domain pairs.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "conversely") (:form . "Conversely") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "cluster") (:form . "cluster") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "right") (:form . "right") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "plot") (:form . "plot") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occur") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large") (:form . "large") (:end . 79) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "covered") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 137) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 141) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 144) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "call") (:form . "called") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "promiscuous") (:form . "promiscuous") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.71) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101184@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Frequencies of iPfam domain pairs in E. coli, S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens protein interactions@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "frequency") (:form . "Frequencies") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.72) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101185@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Frequencies of iPfam domain pairs in E. coli, S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens protein interactions.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "frequency") (:form . "Frequencies") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.73) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101186@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Each point in this graph represents a set of protein interactions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "Each") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "point") (:form . "point") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "graph") (:form . "graph") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represents") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.74) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101187@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The abscissa reflects the number of interactions in each set that contain the same iPfam domain pair.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "abscissa") (:form . "abscissa") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "reflect") (:form . "reflects") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.75) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101188@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ordinate shows the number of distinct such sets, each defined by a different iPfam domain pair.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ordinate") (:form . "ordinate") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.76) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101190@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Dotted lines denote fitted monomial functions, showing that the distributions follow a power law.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dotted") (:form . "Dotted") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . 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"a") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "power") (:form . "power") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "law") (:form . "law") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.78) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101191@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All three distributions in Figure 2 resemble a power law distribution, according to the good fit of log-linear functions (log(f(x)) = k log x + log a) shown as dotted lines.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distributions")\n (:end . 23) (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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(:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.79) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101192@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The slopes k of the H. sapiens and S. cerevisiae distributions are very similar (-1.53 and -1.60, respectively), while E. coli has a markedly smaller slope (-2.78).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "slope") (:form . "slopes") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "k") (:form . "k") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . 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"CD") (:stem . "-1.60") (:form . "-1.60") (:end . 96) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 126) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "markedly") (:form . "markedly") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "small") (:form . "smaller") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "slope") (:form . "slope") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "-2.78") (:form . "-2.78") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.80) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101193@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This suggests that the ratio of specific to promiscuous iPfam domain pairs is very similar in S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens, whereas E. coli features fewer multiply reoccurring iPfam domain pairs.@(((:tag . 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",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whereas") (:form . "whereas") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "feature") (:form . "features") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "few") (:form . "fewer") (:end . 154) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiply") (:form . "multiply") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "reoccurre") (:form . "reoccurring") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.81.1) (:span 5 13)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.81.1) (:span 5 194)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.81) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101194@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The power law distribution of iPfam frequencies implies that the majority of covered protein interactions can be attributed to a minority of iPfam domain pairs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "power") (:form . "power") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "law") (:form . "law") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"pairs") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.82.1) (:span 106 109)) ((:id . :x4.82.2) (:span 48 55)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.82.1) (:span 106 159))\n ((:id . :x4.82.2) (:span 48 159)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.82) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101195@unknown@formal@none@1@S@51.7% of the iPfam domain pairs in S. cerevisiae and 45.3% in H. sapiens are seen in just one experimental interaction.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "51.7") (:form . "51.7") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "45.3") (:form . "45.3") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "see") (:form . "seen") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "just") (:form . "just") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.83) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101196@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conversely, 92.4% of H. sapiens and 85.4% of S. cerevisiae covered experimental interactions contain an iPfam domain pair that occurs more than once.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "conversely") (:form . "Conversely") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "92.4") (:form . "92.4") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "85.4") (:form . "85.4") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "covered") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 126) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occurs") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 138) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 143) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "once") (:form . "once") (:end . 148) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.84) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101197@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Even more, half of the covered experimental interactions in H. sapiens contain an iPfam domain pair that occurs in more than 16 different experimental interactions (5 for S. cerevisiae).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "Even") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "half") (:form . "half") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "covered") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occurs") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 119) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "16") (:form . "16") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 170) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 173) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.85) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101198@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Degree distribution and iPfam domain pair frequency are correlated@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "Degree") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frequency") (:form . "frequency") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "correlate") (:form . "correlated") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.86) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101200@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For each node (i.e. protein) in the filtered H. sapiens and S. cerevisiae protein interaction network, we calculated its degree, defined as the number of adjacent edges (i.e. interactions).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "node") (:form . "node") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "i.e.") (:form . "i.e.") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filtered") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "network") (:form . "network") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "edge") (:form . "edges") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "i.e.") (:form . "i.e.") (:end . 174) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.88) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101201@unknown@formal@none@1@S@At the same time, we counted the number of iPfam domain pairs on the adjacent edges.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "At") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "time") (:form . "time") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "count") (:form . "counted") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "edge") (:form . "edges") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.89) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101202@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In Figure 3, we plot the mean number of iPfam domain pairs relative to the degree of the node.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "plot") (:form . "plot") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mean") (:form . "mean") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "node") (:form . "node") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.90) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101203@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Average frequency of iPfam domain pairs relative to degree of node@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "Average") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frequency") (:form . "frequency") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "node") (:form . "node") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.91) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101204@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Average frequency of iPfam domain pairs relative to degree of node.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "Average") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frequency") (:form . "frequency") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "node") (:form . "node") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.92) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101205@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Each point represents a protein in the interaction networks of H. sapiens (blue) and S. cerevisiae (green).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "Each") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "point") (:form . "point") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represents") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "network") (:form . "networks") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "blue") (:form . "blue") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "green") (:form . "green") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.93) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101206@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For each protein, we calculate the degree, defined as the number of interactions the protein is involved in.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculate") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involved") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.94) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101207@unknown@formal@none@1@S@On the y-axis, we show the average number of iPfam domain pairs in edges adjacent to proteins of degree x.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "On") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "y-axis") (:form . "y-axis") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "edge") (:form . "edges") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "x") (:form . "x") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.95) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101208@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We calculated a Spearman correlation of 0.68 and 0.71, for H. sapiens and S. cerevisiae.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Spearman") (:form . "Spearman") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.68") (:form . "0.68") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.71") (:form . "0.71") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.96) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101210@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We find that for proteins from a degree of 1 to 50, there is strong correlation in both H. sapiens and S. cerevisiae (Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.68 and 0.71, respectively) between degree and number of iPfam domain pairs on adjacent edges.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "find") (:form . "find") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "50") (:form . "50") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "strong") (:form . "strong") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Spearman") (:form . "Spearman") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "coefficient") (:form . "coefficients") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 154) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.68") (:form . "0.68") (:end . 159) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.71") (:form . "0.71") (:end . 168) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 202) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 212) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 213) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 231)\n (:start . 226) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 234) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adjacent") (:form . "adjacent") (:end . 243)\n (:start . 235) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "edge") (:form . "edges") (:end . 249)\n (:start . 244) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 250) (:start . 249)\n (:id . 88)))@@@1@47@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.98) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101211@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For the 1.2% of proteins in H. sapiens and 6.4% in S. cerevisiae which have a degree higher than 50, the correlation gradually diminishes.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1.2") (:form . "1.2") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6.4") (:form . "6.4") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 91) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "50") (:form . "50") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "gradually") (:form . "gradually") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "diminish") (:form . "diminishes") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.99) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259) (:did-type . :bmc_id)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101212@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Promiscuous domain pairs@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "promiscuous") (:form . "Promiscuous") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44)))@@@1@3@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.100) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101213@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Additional file 1 contains a list of all iPfam domain pairs and their frequencies in the experimental protein interactions, while Additional file 4 lists the frequencies of the single domains.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "file") (:form . "file") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "list") (:form . "list") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "frequency") (:form . "frequencies") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "file") (:form . "file") (:end . 145) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "list") (:form . "lists") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "frequency") (:form . "frequencies") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 172) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 176) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 192) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.101) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101214@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interactions between protein kinase domains (Pkinase, Pfam acc. PF00069 and Pkinase_Tyr, Pfam acc. PF07714) are the most frequent iPfam domain pairs, as well as interactions involving recognition domains such as SH2 or SH3.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "Interactions") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "kinase") (:form . "kinase") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . 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"pf07714") (:form . "PF07714") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "frequent") (:form . "frequent") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 157) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involving") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recognition") (:form . "recognition") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 208) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 211) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SH2") (:form . "SH2") (:end . 215) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 218) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SH3") (:form . "SH3") (:end . 222) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 223) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.102) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101215@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In S. cerevisiae, the Proteasome family (Pfam acc. PF00227, a family of peptidases) and WD40 (Pfam acc. PF00400, a repeat involved in multimer assembly) are also amongst the five most frequent iPfam domain pairs.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proteasome") (:form . "Proteasome") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acc.") (:form . "acc.") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PF00227") (:form . "PF00227") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "peptidase") (:form . "peptidases") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "WD40") (:form . "WD40") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acc.") (:form . "acc.") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pf00400") (:form . "PF00400") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . 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"five") (:end . 178) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 183) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "frequent") (:form . "frequent") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.103) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101216@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As expected, more frequent domains are also more likely to be found as pairs in interacting proteins.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . 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"be") (:form . "be") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.104.1) (:span 49 55)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.104.1) (:span 13 100)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.104) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101217@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It should be noted however that in the PDB structures, some of the observed domain pairs (Pkinase_Tyr ↔ SH3_1, Pkinase_C ↔ Pkinase and others) are only seen to interact within one protein (intrachain interactions) as opposed to interactions between two distinct proteins (interchain interaction).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "should") (:form . "should") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "note") (:form . "noted") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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"NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intrachain") (:form . "intrachain") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 212)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 216) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "oppose") (:form . "opposed") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 217) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 227) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 248)\n (:start . 241) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 252) (:start . 249)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 253) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 270)\n (:start . 262) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 272) (:start . 271)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interchain") (:form . "interchain") (:end . 282)\n (:start . 272) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 294)\n (:start . 283) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 295) (:start . 294)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 296) (:start . 295)\n (:id . 94)))@@@1@53@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.105) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101218@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The table in Additional file 5 lists the number of PDB structures for each iPfam domain pair, distinguishing between intrachain and interchain interactions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "table") (:form . "table") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "file") (:form . "file") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "list") (:form . "lists") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PDB") (:form . "PDB") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structures") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "distinguish") (:form . "distinguishing")\n (:end . 108) (:start . 94) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intrachain") (:form . "intrachain") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "interchain") (:form . "interchain") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.106) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101220@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A possible explanation for the occurrence of purely intrachain iPfam domain pairs in the covered experimental interactions is that they frequently cooccur together on the same protein with other iPfam domain pairs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "explanation") (:form . "explanation") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "occurrence") (:form . "occurrence") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "purely") (:form . "purely") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intrachain") (:form . "intrachain") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "covered") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 135) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "frequently") (:form . "frequently") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "cooccur") (:form . "cooccur") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "together") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 166) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 170) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 175) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 188) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.108.1) (:span 2 10)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.108.1) (:span 2 213)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.108) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101221@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A list of all combinations of iPfam domains (the domain architecture) on interacting proteins is given in Additional file 2.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "list") (:form . "list") (:end . 6) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "combination") (:form . "combinations") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "architecture") (:form . "architecture") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 102) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "file") (:form . "file") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.109) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101222@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It reveals that certain iPfam domains such as SH2, SH3_1 or Pkinase_tyr frequently occur in the same architecture.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "reveal") (:form . "reveals") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "certain") (:form . "certain") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SH2") (:form . "SH2") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SH3_1") (:form . "SH3_1") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pkinase_tyr") (:form . "Pkinase_tyr") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "frequently") (:form . "frequently") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occur") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "architecture") (:form . "architecture") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.110) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101223@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Without further experiments, we cannot assign the correct interacting domains with certainty.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "Without") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "cannot") (:form . "cannot") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "assign") (:form . "assign") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "correct") (:form . "correct") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "certainty") (:form . "certainty") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.111.1) (:span 32 45 78 92)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x4.111.3) (:span 0 7)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.111.1) (:span 32 92)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x4.111.3) (:span 0 27)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.111) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101224@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This highlights a basic assumption of this study that could be a source of error.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "highlight") (:form . "highlights") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "basic") (:form . "basic") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assumption") (:form . "assumption") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "source") (:form . "source") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "error") (:form . "error") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.112.1) (:span 54 59)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.112.1) (:span 54 80)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.112) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101225@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We assume that interacting proteins that contain an iPfam domain pair interact through these domains.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "assume") (:form . "assume") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.113.1) (:span 3 9)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.113.1) (:span 3 100)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.113) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101226@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This, of course, is not necessarily the case.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "course") (:form . "course") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "necessarily") (:form . "necessarily") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.114) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101227@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although it has been shown that sequence similarity is linked to the mode of interaction 28, not every protein interaction that contains an iPfam domain pair is necessarily mediated by exactly this domain pair.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "link") (:form . "linked") (:end . 61) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mode") (:form . "mode") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "28") (:form . "28") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "every") (:end . 102) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 157) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "necessarily") (:form . "necessarily") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . "mediated") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 184) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "exactly") (:form . "exactly") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 197) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 209) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.115) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101228@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To gain a rough estimate of the false positive rate due to this assumption, we counted how many protein pairs in the PDB contain an iPfam domain pair that does not mediate an interaction in one complex structure but does so in another.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "gain") (:form . "gain") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 9) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rough") (:form . "rough") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimate") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "due") (:form . "due") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assumption") (:form . "assumption") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "count") (:form . "counted") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "how") (:form . "how") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PDB") (:form . "PDB") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 149) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 154) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 159) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . "mediate") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 174) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 189) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 193) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 215) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 220) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "so") (:end . 223) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 226) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 234)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 235) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:ncues ((:id . :x4.116.1) (:span 160 163)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x4.116.1) (:span 160 211)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.116) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101230@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This means that for more than 32% of the protein interactions in the PDB, the iPfam domain pair assignment is correct.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "mean") (:form . "means") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "32") (:form . "32") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PDB") (:form . "PDB") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assignment") (:form . "assignment") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 109) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "correct") (:form . "correct") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.118) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101231@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For the remaining 68%, the iPfam domain pair assignments are wrong in one case but correct in another.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remaining") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "68") (:form . "68") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "assignment") (:form . "assignments") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "wrong") (:form . "wrong") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "correct") (:form . "correct") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.119) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101232@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The real false positive rate is likely to be smaller, because some iPfam domain pairs might still independently mediate an interaction with a different, possibly unknown, partner protein.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "real") (:form . "real") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "small") (:form . "smaller") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "still") (:form . "still") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "independently") (:form . "independently")\n (:end . 111) (:start . 98) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . "mediate") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "possibly") (:form . "possibly") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . "unknown") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "partner") (:form . "partner") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.120.1) (:span 153 161)) ((:id . :x4.120.2) (:span 86 91))\n ((:id . :x4.120.3) (:span 32 38)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.120.1) (:span 153 169))\n ((:id . :x4.120.2) (:span 86 186)) ((:id . :x4.120.3) (:span 0 52)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.120) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101233@unknown@formal@none@1@S@iPfam domain pairs are enriched in S. cerevisiae complexes@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "enrich") (:form . "enriched") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.121) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101234@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We tested whether iPfam domain pairs are enriched in known protein complexes from S. cerevisiae.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "enrich") (:form . "enriched") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.122.1) (:span 10 17)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.122.1) (:span 10 95)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.122) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101235@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is interesting firstly because domain–domain interactions are thought to be more common in obligate interactions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "interesting") (:form . "interesting") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "firstly") (:form . "firstly") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain–domain") (:form . "domain–domain")\n (:end . 49) (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "think") (:form . "thought") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "obligate") (:form . "obligate") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.123.1) (:span 67 74)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.123.1) (:span 36 117)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.123) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101236@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Secondly, the described modularity of known S. cerevisiae complexes lends support to the assumption that the underlying iPfam domain pairs are modular.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "secondly") (:form . "Secondly") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "modularity") (:form . "modularity") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "lend") (:form . "lends") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "support") (:form . "support") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assumption") (:form . "assumption") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "underlie") (:form . "underlying") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "modular") (:form . "modular") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.124.1) (:span 89 99)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.124.1) (:span 89 150)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.124) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101237@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In fact, we find a two-fold enrichment for iPfam domain pairs in the complexes described by Gavin et al. 29.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fact") (:form . "fact") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "find") (:form . "find") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "two-fold") (:form . "two-fold") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enrichment") (:form . "enrichment") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gavin") (:form . "Gavin") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "29") (:form . "29") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.125) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101238@unknown@formal@none@1@S@From the 294 binary protein interactions in this data set, 24 contained an iPfam domain pair, which corresponds to a coverage of 8.16% (P value 2.7 · 10-47).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "From") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "294") (:form . "294") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "binary") (:form . "binary") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "24") (:form . "24") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contained") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 99) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponds") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "8.16") (:form . "8.16") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p") (:form . "P") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2.7") (:form . "2.7") (:end . 147) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "HYPH") (:stem . "·") (:form . "·") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-47") (:form . "10-47") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.126) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101240@unknown@formal@none@1@S@From 491 complexes described by Gavin et al., 157 contained at least one pair of proteins with an iPfam domain pair (31.9%).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "From") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "491") (:form . "491") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gavin") (:form . "Gavin") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "157") (:form . "157") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contained") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 115) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "31.9") (:form . "31.9") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.128) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101241@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In total we found 617 pairs of proteins that contained an iPfam domain pair.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "617") (:form . "617") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contained") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.129) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101242@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interestingly, we find that the distribution of iPfam domain pairs on complexes is uneven.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "interestingly") (:form . "Interestingly")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "find") (:form . "find") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "uneven") (:form . "uneven") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.130) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101243@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When we drew 617 protein pairs randomly from all possible protein pairs in the complexes, we covered 192 complexes on average, with a standard deviation of 7.22.@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "draw") (:form . "drew") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "617") (:form . "617") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "randomly") (:form . "randomly") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "covered") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "192") (:form . "192") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 131) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "standard") (:form . "standard") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deviation") (:form . "deviation") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 155) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "7.22") (:form . "7.22") (:end . 160) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.131) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101244@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The probability of covering only 157 complexes is just 6.24 · 10-07.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "probability") (:form . "probability") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "covering") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "157") (:form . "157") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "just") (:form . "just") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6.24") (:form . "6.24") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "·") (:form . "·") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-07") (:form . "10-07") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.132) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101245@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, some complexes contain a greater number of iPfam domain pairs, while other complexes do not contain any at all.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "great") (:form . "greater") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 54) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 74) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:ncues ((:id . :x4.133.1) (:span 94 97)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x4.133.1) (:span 94 116)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.133) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101246@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This suggests that some sets of domain pairs are specific to certain complexes or pathways.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggests") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "certain") (:form . "certain") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathways") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.134.1) (:span 5 13)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.134.1) (:span 5 90)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.134) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101247@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Typical examples are the RNA polymerase II complex (IntAct id: EBI-815049) or the U1 snRNP complex which contain numerous iPfam domain pairs that are specific to these complexes.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "typical") (:form . "Typical") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "example") (:form . "examples") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "polymerase") (:form . "polymerase") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IntAct") (:form . "IntAct") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "id") (:form . "id") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "EBI-815049") (:form . "EBI-815049") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "u1") (:form . "U1") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "snrnp") (:form . "snRNP") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "numerous") (:form . "numerous") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 145) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 161) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.135) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101248@unknown@formal@none@1@S@iPfam domain pairs are conserved between species@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.136) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101250@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We call an iPfam domain pair conserved when the same pair is observed in experimental interactions of two different species.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "call") (:form . "call") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.138) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101251@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The matrix in Table 2 shows the pair-wise conservation of iPfam domain pairs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matrix") (:form . "matrix") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pair-wise") (:form . "pair-wise") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.139) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101252@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For each species, a maximum of 40% to 90% of iPfam domain pairs can also be found in another species, although not all overlaps are as large.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "maximum") (:form . "maximum") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "40") (:form . "40") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "90") (:form . "90") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "species") (:form . "species") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "although") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlaps") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large") (:form . "large") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.140) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101253@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Matrix of mutual shared iPfam domain pairs@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Matrix") (:form . "Matrix") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutual") (:form . "mutual") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "shared") (:form . "shared") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.141) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101254@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Table shows the number of co-occurences of iPfam domain pairs between two species.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "co-occurence") (:form . "co-occurences")\n (:end . 43) (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.142) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101255@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The right-most column lists the total number of unique iPfam pairs found in each species' experimental interactions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "right-most") (:form . "right-most") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "column") (:form . "column") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "list") (:form . "lists") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unique") (:form . "unique") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "species") (:form . "species") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'") (:form . "’") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.143) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101256@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Figure 4 shows a Venn diagram of the mutual overlaps between the two eukaryotes S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens and the prokaryote E. coli.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Venn") (:form . "Venn") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "diagram") (:form . "diagram") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutual") (:form . "mutual") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlaps") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "eukaryote") (:form . "eukaryotes") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prokaryote") (:form . "prokaryote") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 135) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.144) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101257@unknown@formal@none@1@S@While the eukaryotes share 524 domain pairs, only 158 iPfam domain pairs are shared between S. cerevisiae and E. coli, and only 135 between E. coli and H. sapiens.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "While") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "eukaryote") (:form . "eukaryotes") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "share") (:form . "share") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "524") (:form . "524") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "158") (:form . "158") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "share") (:form . "shared") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 122) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "135") (:form . "135") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 147) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 154) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.145) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101258@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Remarkably, 53% of the observed iPfam domain pairs in E. coli are also observed in one of the two eukaryotes, and 107 iPfam domain pairs are even conserved amongst all three species.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "remarkably") (:form . "Remarkably") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "53") (:form . "53") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "eukaryote") (:form . "eukaryotes") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "107") (:form . "107") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "even") (:end . 145) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "amongst") (:form . "amongst") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.146) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101260@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Additional file 3 contains a list of the conserved iPfam domain pairs.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "Additional") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "file") (:form . "file") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "list") (:form . "list") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.148) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101261@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Venn diagramm showing the fractions of iPfam domain pairs found in the E. coli, S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens binary protein interaction sets@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Venn") (:form . "Venn") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "diagramm") (:form . "diagramm") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showing") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "fractions") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "h.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "sapiens") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "binary") (:form . "binary") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 140) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.149) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101262@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Venn diagramm showing the fractions of iPfam domain pairs found in the E. coli, S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens binary protein interaction sets.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Venn") (:form . "Venn") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "diagramm") (:form . "diagramm") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showing") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "fractions") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "h.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "sapiens") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "binary") (:form . "binary") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 140) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.150) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101263@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The three circles represent the iPfam domain pairs observed in the respective species.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "circle") (:form . "circles") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represent") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "respective") (:form . "respective") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.151) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101264@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The overlaps denote co-observed iPfam domain pairs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlaps") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "denote") (:form . "denote") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "co-observe") (:form . "co-observed") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.152) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101265@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The grey set in the background represents iPfam domain pairs not found in the three species.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "grey") (:form . "grey") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "background") (:form . "background") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represents") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:ncues ((:id . :x4.153.1) (:span 61 64)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x4.153.1) (:span 61 91)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.153) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101266@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also compared the iPfam domain pair frequencies between H. sapiens and S. cerevisiae directly.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "frequency") (:form . "frequencies") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "directly") (:form . "directly") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.154) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101267@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We derive a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.50 for the frequencies of all 524 iPfam domain pairs that are conserved between S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derive") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Spearman") (:form . "Spearman") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coefficient") (:form . "coefficient") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.50") (:form . "0.50") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "frequency") (:form . "frequencies") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "524") (:form . "524") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 89) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 102) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 147) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 150) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.155) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101268@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To test whether the correlation is an artefact of the distribution of the values, we recalculated the correlation 1000 times, each time shuffling one distribution randomly.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "artefact") (:form . "artefact") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "recalculate") (:form . "recalculated") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1000") (:form . "1000") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "time") (:form . "times") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "time") (:form . "time") (:end . 135) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "shuffle") (:form . "shuffling") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "randomly") (:form . "randomly") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.156.1) (:span 8 15)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.156.1) (:span 8 80)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.156) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101270@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This suggests that iPfam domain pairs with a large number of occurrences in one species tend also to be more frequent in the other.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggests") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large") (:form . "large") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "occurrence") (:form . "occurrences") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "tend") (:form . "tend") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 108) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "frequent") (:form . "frequent") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.158.1) (:span 88 92)) ((:id . :x4.158.2) (:span 5 13)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.158.1) (:span 88 130))\n ((:id . :x4.158.2) (:span 5 130)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.158) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101271@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Predicting the total number of iPfam domain pairs in nature@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "Predicting") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nature") (:form . "nature") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.159) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101272@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our analysis allow us to estimate how many iPfam domain pairs would eventually cover all protein interactions.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allow") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "us") (:form . "us") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimate") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "how") (:form . "how") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "would") (:form . "would") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "eventually") (:form . "eventually") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "cover") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.160.1) (:span 62 67)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.160.1) (:span 62 109)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.160) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101273@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This corresponds to the predictions made by Aloy and Russel 2.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponds") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "make") (:form . "made") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Aloy") (:form . "Aloy") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Russel") (:form . "Russel") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.161) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101274@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Similar to their approach, we make a linear estimation with the following factors:@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "Similar") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approach") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "make") (:form . "make") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 36) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "linear") (:form . "linear") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "estimation") (:form . "estimation") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "following") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.162) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101275@unknown@formal@none@1@S@χS The number of iPfam domain pairs observed in species S@(((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "χs") (:form . "χS") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.163) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101276@unknown@formal@none@1@S@θS The number of observed interactions in species S that contain an iPfam domain pair@(((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "θs") (:form . "θS") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.164) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101277@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ΘS The total number of observed interactions in species S@(((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "θs") (:form . "ΘS") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.165) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101278@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ψS The number of proteins from species S that are seen in an interaction screen@(((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "ψs") (:form . "ψS") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "see") (:form . "seen") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "screen") (:form . "screen") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.166) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101280@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ξS The number of Pfam domains observed in all protein of species S@(((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "ξs") (:form . "ξS") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.168) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101281@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Ξ The total number of known Pfam domains@(((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "ξ") (:form . "Ξ") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 5) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "known") (:form . "known") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.169) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101282@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We denote the estimated number of iPfam domain pairs in species S with x^S.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "denote") (:form . "denote") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "x^s") (:form . "x^S") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.170) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101283@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The formula we apply is x^S=χS⋅ΘSθS⋅ΨSψS@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "formula") (:form . "formula") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "apply") (:form . "apply") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "x^s=χs⋅θsθs⋅ψsψs") (:form . "x^S=χS⋅ΘSθS⋅ΨSψS")\n (:end . 40) (:start . 24) (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.171) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101284@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This means we scale the observed number of iPfam domain pairs to cover all observed interactions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "mean") (:form . "means") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "scale") (:form . "scale") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "cover") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.172) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101285@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We then use the relative proteome coverage to estimate the total number of iPfam domain pairs in all proteins.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proteome") (:form . "proteome") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimate") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.173) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101286@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Finally, we follow the argument of Aloy and Russel that the number of Pfam families seen in species S indicates the fraction of the protein universe represented in the species.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "finally") (:form . "Finally") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "follow") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "argument") (:form . "argument") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Aloy") (:form . "Aloy") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Russel") (:form . "Russel") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "see") (:form . "seen") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "fraction") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "universe") (:form . "universe") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represented") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 163) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.174) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101287@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We therefore predict the total number of iPfam domain pairs x^ as x^=x^S⋅ΞξS.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predict") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "x^") (:form . "x^") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "x^=x^s⋅ξξs") (:form . "x^=x^S⋅ΞξS") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.175) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101288@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both parameters and results of the calculation are shown in Table 3.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "calculation") (:form . "calculation") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.176) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101290@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Prediction of total number of iPfam domain pairs@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "Prediction") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.178) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101291@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ΘS The total number of observed interactions in species S@(((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "θs") (:form . "ΘS") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.179) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101292@unknown@formal@none@1@S@θS The number of observed interactions in species S that contain an iPfam domain pair@(((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "θs") (:form . "θS") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.180) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101293@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ΨS The proteome size for species S@(((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "ψs") (:form . "ΨS") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proteome") (:form . "proteome") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "size") (:form . "size") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.181) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101294@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ψS The number of proteins from species S that are seen in an interaction screen@(((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "ψs") (:form . "ψS") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "see") (:form . "seen") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "screen") (:form . "screen") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.182) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101295@unknown@formal@none@1@S@χS The number of iPfam domain pairs observed in species S@(((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "χs") (:form . "χS") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.183) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101296@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The predicted total number of iPfam domain pairs in species S@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.184) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101297@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Ξ The total number of known Pfam domains@(((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "ξ") (:form . "Ξ") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 5) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "known") (:form . "known") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.185) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101298@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ζS The number of Pfam domains observed in all protein of species S@(((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "ζs") (:form . "ζS") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S") (:form . "S") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.186) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101300@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Prediction results are shown in bold font.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "Prediction") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "bold") (:form . "bold") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "font") (:form . "font") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.188) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101301@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Discussion@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "discussion") (:form . "Discussion") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.189) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101302@unknown@formal@none@1@S@iPfam coverage is low@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low") (:form . "low") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.190) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101303@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The coverage of iPfam on experimentally derived protein interactions is low.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "experimentally") (:form . "experimentally")\n (:end . 39) (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low") (:form . "low") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.191) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101304@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For S. cerevisiae, the species with the best mapped interactome, only 4.47% of the protein interactions contain an iPfam domain pair.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "good") (:form . "best") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "map") (:form . "mapped") (:end . 51) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interactome") (:form . "interactome") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4.47") (:form . "4.47") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 132) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.192) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101305@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Even in H. sapiens, where we suspect a positive bias due to the overrepresentation of disease-related proteins in both the PDB and protein interaction databases, 81% of protein interactions do not contain an iPfam domain pair.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "Even") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suspect") (:form . "suspect") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bias") (:form . "bias") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "due") (:form . "due") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 82) (:start . 64) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "disease-related") (:form . "disease-related")\n (:end . 101) (:start . 86) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 122) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pdb") (:form . "PDB") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "database") (:form . "databases") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "81") (:form . "81") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 168) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 192) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 196) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 207) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 225) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.193.2) (:span 29 36)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x4.193.1) (:span 193 196)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.193.2) (:span 29 160)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x4.193.1) (:span 193 225)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.193) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101306@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This reveals the limits of our understanding of the molecular structure of protein interactions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "reveal") (:form . "reveals") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "limit") (:form . "limits") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "understanding") (:form . "understanding")\n (:end . 44) (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "molecular") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.194) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101307@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Figure 1 also shows that a majority of protein interactions contains at least one pair of Pfam domains.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "majority") (:form . "majority") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.195) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101308@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ While there is no structural information about putative interactions between these pairs, this fraction can already be analysed using statistical methods to identify putative domain interactions 7910.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "While") (:end . 6) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "structural") (:form . "structural") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "information") (:form . "information") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "putative") (:form . "putative") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 89) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "fraction") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "already") (:form . "already") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "analyse") (:form . "analysed") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 134) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "statistical") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "methods") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identify") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "putative") (:form . "putative") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "7910") (:form . "7910") (:end . 200) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:ncues ((:id . :x4.196.1) (:span 16 18)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x4.196.1) (:span 16 89)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.196) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101310@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Prioritising these targets according to the number of covered experimental interactions could increase the coverage of databases like iPfam quickly.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "prioritise") (:form . "Prioritising") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "target") (:form . "targets") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "accord") (:form . "according") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "covered") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increase") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "database") (:form . "databases") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "like") (:form . "like") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "quickly") (:form . "quickly") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.198.1) (:span 88 93)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.198.1) (:span 88 147)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.198) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101311@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We find, however, that iPfam domain pairs occur significantly more often in experimental interactions than would be expected by chance.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "find") (:form . "find") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "however") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occur") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 61) (:start . 48) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . 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"chance") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.199.1) (:span 107 112)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.199.1) (:span 107 134)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.199) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101312@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This requires that at least a subset of the iPfam domain pairs are reused in several experimental interactions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "require") (:form . "requires") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subset") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "reuse") (:form . "reused") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.200) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101313@unknown@formal@none@1@S@iPfam domain pairs can act as modules@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "act") (:form . "act") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.201) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101314@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Despite the low overall coverage, iPfam domain pairs are found in more protein interactions than would be expected by chance (see Table 1).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "despite") (:form . "Despite") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low") (:form . "low") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "overall") (:form . "overall") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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")") (:form . ")") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.202.1) (:span 97 102)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.202.1) (:span 97 124)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.202) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101315@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This statistical overrepresentation suggests that certain iPfam domain pairs constitute modules of molecular recognition which are reused in different protein interactions 2.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "statistical") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "overrepresentation") (:form . "overrepresentation")\n (:end . 35) (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggests") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "certain") (:form . "certain") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "constitute") (:form . "constitute") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "molecular") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recognition") (:form . "recognition") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "reuse") (:form . "reused") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.203.1) (:span 36 44)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.203.1) (:span 36 171)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.203) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101316@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In fact, we find a characteristic power law distribution when we plot the histogram of experimental interactions per iPfam domain pair, see Figure 2.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fact") (:form . "fact") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "find") (:form . "find") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "characteristic") (:form . "characteristic")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 19) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "power") (:form . "power") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "law") (:form . "law") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "plot") (:form . "plot") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "histogram") (:form . "histogram") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "per") (:form . "per") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.204) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101317@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This underlines that a few promiscuous iPfam domain pairs are responsible for the majority of the iPfam coverage.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "underline") (:form . "underlines") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "few") (:form . "few") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "promiscuous") (:form . "promiscuous") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "responsible") (:form . "responsible") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "majority") (:form . "majority") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coverage") (:form . "coverage") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.205) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101318@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These iPfam domain pairs are most likely to be reusable modules.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "reusable") (:form . "reusable") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.206.1) (:span 34 40)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.206.1) (:span 0 63)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.206) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101320@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conversely, a large number of iPfam domain pairs are specific to a small number of protein interactions.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "conversely") (:form . "Conversely") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large") (:form . "large") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "small") (:form . "small") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.208) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101321@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This implies that recognition specificity amongst proteins is often achieved by maintaining an exclusive interacting domain pair.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "imply") (:form . "implies") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recognition") (:form . "recognition") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "specificity") (:form . "specificity") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "amongst") (:form . "amongst") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "often") (:form . "often") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieved") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "maintain") (:form . "maintaining") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "exclusive") (:form . "exclusive") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.209.1) (:span 5 12)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.209.1) (:span 5 128)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.209) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101322@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This could pose a problem for purely statistical approaches to infer domain interactions:: if for many interfaces the real interacting domain pair will only occur once in an interactome, it will be hard to elucidate this on a statistical basis.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "pose") (:form . "pose") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "problem") (:form . "problem") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "purely") (:form . "purely") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "statistical") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approaches") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "infer") (:form . "infer") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interface") (:form . "interfaces") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "real") (:form . "real") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 146) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 151) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 156) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occur") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "once") (:form . "once") (:end . 167) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 170) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 173) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interactome") (:form . "interactome") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 189) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 194) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 197) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hard") (:form . "hard") (:end . 202) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 205) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "elucidate") (:form . "elucidate") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 220) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 223) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "statistical") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 226) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "basis") (:form . "basis") (:end . 243)\n (:start . 238) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 244) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.210.1) (:span 5 10)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.210.1) (:span 5 88)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.210) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101323@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The concept of modularity of interacting domain pairs is furthermore supported by the positive correlation between the number of protein interactions an iPfam domain pair is seen in and the connectivity of the interacting proteins.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "concept") (:form . "concept") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "modularity") (:form . "modularity") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "furthermore") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "support") (:form . "supported") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "correlation") (:form . "correlation") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 173) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "see") (:form . "seen") (:end . 178) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 181) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 189) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "connectivity") (:form . "connectivity") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 205) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 209) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 230)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 231) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.211) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101324@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We hypothesise that if during the course of evolution a protein is duplicated, it is likely to retain connections with other proteins which contain the same domain interaction modules.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "hypothesise") (:form . "hypothesise") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "course") (:form . "course") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evolution") (:form . "evolution") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "duplicate") (:form . "duplicated") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "retain") (:form . "retain") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "connection") (:form . "connections") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 156) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "module") (:form . "modules") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.212.1) (:span 85 91)) ((:id . :x4.212.2) (:span 3 14)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.212.1) (:span 79 183))\n ((:id . :x4.212.2) (:span 3 183)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.212) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101325@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is clear, however, that even though recognition domains are reused in various proteins, their specificity is bound to be controlled.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "clear") (:form . "clear") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "however") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "even") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "though") (:form . "though") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recognition") (:form . "recognition") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "reuse") (:form . "reused") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "various") (:form . "various") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "specificity") (:form . "specificity") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bound") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "control") (:form . "controlled") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.213) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101326@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Many domain–domain interfaces remain to be resolved@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "Many") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain–domain") (:form . "domain–domain")\n (:end . 18) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interface") (:form . "interfaces") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remain") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "resolve") (:form . "resolved") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.214) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101327@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We tried to estimate how many iPfam domain pairs exists in all interactomes.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "try") (:form . "tried") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimate") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "how") (:form . "how") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "exist") (:form . "exists") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interactome") (:form . "interactomes") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.215) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101328@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our predictions lie almost an order of magnitude higher than the 10000 domain interaction types proposed by Aloy and Russel 2.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "predictions") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "lie") (:form . "lie") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "almost") (:form . "almost") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "order") (:form . "order") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "magnitude") (:form . "magnitude") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 55) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10000") (:form . "10000") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "type") (:form . "types") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "propose") (:form . "proposed") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Aloy") (:form . "Aloy") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Russel") (:form . "Russel") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.216) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101330@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The statistical approaches described in the introduction can only cover a small fraction of this domaininteraction space.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "statistical") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "approach") (:form . "approaches") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "introduction") (:form . "introduction") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "cover") (:form . "cover") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "small") (:form . "small") (:end . 79) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "fraction") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domaininteraction") (:form . "domaininteraction")\n (:end . 114) (:start . 97) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "space") (:form . "space") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.218) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101331@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Riley et al. for example report only 3005 interacting domain pairs which could be inferred from protein interactions 7.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Riley") (:form . "Riley") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3005") (:form . "3005") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "infer") (:form . "inferred") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "7") (:form . "7") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.219) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101332@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Even under the assumption that many interactions involve short linear motifs, it seems likely that a large number of domain interactions remain to be resolved.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "Even") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "under") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assumption") (:form . "assumption") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involve") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "short") (:form . "short") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "linear") (:form . "linear") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "seem") (:form . "seems") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large") (:form . "large") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remain") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "resolve") (:form . "resolved") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.220.1) (:span 87 93)) ((:id . :x4.220.2) (:span 81 86))\n ((:id . :x4.220.3) (:span 15 25)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.220.1) (:span 87 158))\n ((:id . :x4.220.2) (:span 81 158)) ((:id . :x4.220.3) (:span 15 158)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.220) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101333@unknown@formal@none@1@S@iPfam domain pairs are conserved during evolution@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evolution") (:form . "evolution") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.221) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101334@unknown@formal@none@1@S@iPfam domain pairs are not only recurrent within the protein interaction network of one species.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "recurrent") (:form . "recurrent") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "within") (:form . "within") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "network") (:form . "network") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.222) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101335@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They also appear to be conserved between species.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appear") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.223.1) (:span 10 16)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.223.1) (:span 0 48)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.223) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101336@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In a small set of protein structures from S. cerevisiae, it has been shown that interacting domain pairs are more conserved than non-interacting domain pairs 10.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 4) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "small") (:form . "small") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structures") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 74) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-interacting") (:form . "non-interacting")\n (:end . 144) (:start . 129) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.224) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101337@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here, we call an iPfam domain pair conserved if there are protein interactions in two species which contain the same iPfam domain pair.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "call") (:form . "call") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 99) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.225) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101338@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In a recent study 31, Gandhi et al. have assessed the conservation of protein interactions as the co-occurrence of orthologous interacting proteins.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 4) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "recent") (:form . "recent") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "31") (:form . "31") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gandhi") (:form . "Gandhi") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "assess") (:form . "assessed") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "co-occurrence") (:form . "co-occurrence")\n (:end . 111) (:start . 98) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "orthologous") (:form . "orthologous") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interacting") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.226) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101340@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conversely, we find that 71 iPfam domain pairs are conserved in the experimental interactions of these species.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "conversely") (:form . "Conversely") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "find") (:form . "find") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "71") (:form . "71") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 102) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.228) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101341@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Even between a prokaryote like E. coli and the two eukaryotes S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens there is a considerable proportion of conserved iPfam domain pairs, to the extent that 53% of the iPfam domain pairs from E. coli are also observed in a eukaryote (Table 2).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "Even") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prokaryote") (:form . "prokaryote") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "like") (:form . "like") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "eukaryote") (:form . "eukaryotes") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 96) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "considerable") (:form . "considerable") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportion") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 161) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "extent") (:form . "extent") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 177) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "53") (:form . "53") (:end . 180) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 184) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 188) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 212) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 215) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 220) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 224) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 229) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 241) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 243) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "eukaryote") (:form . "eukaryote") (:end . 253)\n (:start . 244) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 255) (:start . 254)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 260)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 262) (:start . 261)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 263) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 264) (:start . 263)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.229) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101342@unknown@formal@none@1@S@107 domain pairs are shared between E. coli, S. cerevisiae and H. sapiens.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "107") (:form . "107") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "share") (:form . "shared") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.230) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101343@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These domains are predominantly related to transcription, translation and other basic essential cellular activities, which is in congruence with the findings of Gandhi et al.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "predominantly") (:form . "predominantly")\n (:end . 31) (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "relate") (:form . 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"activities") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "congruence") (:form . "congruence") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 144) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 148) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "findings") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gandhi") (:form . 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(:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.232.1) (:span 86 94)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.232.1) (:span 86 180)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.232) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101345@unknown@formal@none@1@S@While more than half of the iPfam domain pairs in E. coli have been retained throughout evolution, numerous new ones seem to have emerged in eukaryotic development.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "While") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "half") (:form . "half") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 244) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.234.2) (:span 185 187))\n ((:id . :x4.234.3) (:span 128 136)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x4.234.1) (:span 200 211)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.234.2) (:span 180 199))\n ((:id . :x4.234.3) (:span 128 243)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x4.234.1) (:span 200 216)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.234) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101347@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conversely, this also raises the question of whether one could establish a comprehensive set of domain interactions that were present in the last universal common ancestor.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "conversely") (:form . "Conversely") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . 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"comprehensive")\n (:end . 88) (:start . 75) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 125) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "last") (:form . "last") (:end . 145) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "universal") (:form . "universal") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ancestor") (:form . "ancestor") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.235.1) (:span 57 62)) ((:id . :x4.235.2) (:span 45 52))\n ((:id . :x4.235.3) (:span 22 41)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.235.1) (:span 57 171))\n ((:id . :x4.235.2) (:span 45 171)) ((:id . :x4.235.3) (:span 22 171)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.235) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101348@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conclusion@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "Conclusion") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.236) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101350@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Disappointingly, only a small fraction of all experimental interactions can be attributed to a known domain interaction.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "disappointingly") (:form . "Disappointingly")\n (:end . 15) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "small") (:form . "small") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fraction") (:form . "fraction") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"domain") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.238) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101351@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Within this subset of interactions, we nevertheless made several reassuring observations: structural domain pairs are enriched in experimental protein interactions.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "within") (:form . "Within") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subset") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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"domain") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "enrich") (:form . "enriched") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "experimental") (:form . "experimental") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.239) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101352@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Some of the domain pairs seem to mediate a large number of protein interactions, thus acting as reusable connectors.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "Some") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "seem") (:form . "seem") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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"as") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "reusable") (:form . "reusable") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "connector") (:form . "connectors") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.240.1) (:span 25 29)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.240.1) (:span 25 115)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.240) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101353@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This property is also conserved between species.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "property") (:form . "property") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.241) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101354@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Taken as a whole, this further underlines that solving structures of protein complexes should be an important focus for future structural genomics projects.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "Taken") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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"NNS") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complexes") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "should") (:form . "should") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "focus") (:form . "focus") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "future") (:form . "future") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "structural") (:form . "structural") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genomic") (:form . "genomics") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "project") (:form . "projects") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.242) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101355@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Targeting the most frequent domain pairs would increase the coverage of databases such as iPfam, shedding more light onto the molecular mechanisms underpinning cellular networks.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "target") (:form . "Targeting") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "frequent") (:form . "frequent") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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",") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "shed") (:form . "shedding") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "light") (:form . "light") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "onto") (:form . "onto") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "molecular") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanisms") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "underpin") (:form . "underpinning") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cellular") (:form . "cellular") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "network") (:form . "networks") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.243.1) (:span 41 46)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.243.1) (:span 41 177)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.243) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101356@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Methods@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.244) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Title|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101357@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Protein interaction data@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "Protein") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44)))@@@1@3@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.245) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101358@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The complete interaction sets from BioGRID 20, DIP 21, HPRD 22, IntAct 23 and MPact 24 were downloaded.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complete") (:form . "complete") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BioGRID") (:form . "BioGRID") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "20") (:form . "20") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DIP") (:form . "DIP") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HPRD") (:form . "HPRD") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "22") (:form . "22") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IntAct") (:form . "IntAct") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "23") (:form . "23") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MPact") (:form . "MPact") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "24") (:form . "24") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "downloade") (:form . "downloaded") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.246) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101360@unknown@formal@none@1@S@BioGRID for example contains a large manually curated set of protein interactions for S. cerevisiae 19.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "biogrid") (:form . "BioGRID") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large") (:form . "large") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "manually") (:form . "manually") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "curate") (:form . "curated") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "19") (:form . "19") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.248) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101361@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Similarily, HPRD hosts a set of manually curated protein interactions for H. sapiens.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "similarily") (:form . "Similarily") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HPRD") (:form . "HPRD") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "host") (:form . "hosts") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "manually") (:form . "manually") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "curate") (:form . "curated") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.249) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101362@unknown@formal@none@1@S@IntAct on the other hand contains results from high-throughput screens and integrates data from other protein interaction databases as part of the IMEx collaboration.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "intact") (:form . "IntAct") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hand") (:form . "hand") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . 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"protein") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "database") (:form . "databases") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . "part") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IMEx") (:form . "IMEx") (:end . 151) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "collaboration") (:form . "collaboration")\n (:end . 165) (:start . 152) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.250) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101363@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The MPact database combines the manually curated S. cerevisiae protein complexes data set formerly known as the MIPS complexes with other high-throughput interaction experiments data.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MPact") (:form . "MPact") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "database") (:form . "database") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combines") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "manually") (:form . "manually") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.251) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101364@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Taken together, these databases represent most of the protein interactions currently stored in machine-accessible form.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "Taken") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "together") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "database") (:form . "databases") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represent") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . 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(:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.252) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101365@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Despite great efforts to unify access to protein interaction data 32, acquiring large data sets from diverse sources is still far from trivial and error prone.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "despite") (:form . "Despite") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "great") (:form . "great") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "effort") (:form . "efforts") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "unify") (:form . "unify") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "access") (:form . "access") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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(:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.253) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101366@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The PSI-MI XML data exchange format provided by the aforementioned databases was used to generate a local relational database of protein interactions.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PSI-MI") (:form . "PSI-MI") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "XML") (:form . "XML") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "exchange") (:form . "exchange") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "format") (:form . "format") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "provide") (:form . 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"source") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "code") (:form . "code") (:end . 153) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "34") (:form . "34") (:end . 166) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.256) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101370@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To allow cross-species comparisons, the data were split into five distinct species sets: E. coli, S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, D. melanogaster and H. sapiens.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allow") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cross-species") (:form . "cross-species")\n (:end . 22) (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparisons") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "split") (:form . "split") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "five") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "set") (:form . "sets") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C.") (:form . "C.") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "elegans") (:form . "elegans") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster")\n (:end . 140) (:start . 128) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.258) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101371@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It should be noted that the proportion of proteins for which an interaction is known varies greatly between the species, see Table 1.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "should") (:form . "should") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "note") (:form . "noted") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportion") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "vary") (:form . "varies") (:end . 91) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "greatly") (:form . "greatly") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.259) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101372@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This might affect the results if there is a systematic bias on the composition of a protein interaction set.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "affect") (:form . "affect") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "systematic") (:form . "systematic") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bias") (:form . "bias") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "composition") (:form . "composition") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.260.1) (:span 5 10)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.260.1) (:span 5 29)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.260) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101373@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To prevent bias from multiple alternative versions of the same protein, all interacting proteins were mapped to reference proteomes as defined by Integr8 35, again using pmatch.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "prevent") (:form . "prevent") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bias") (:form . "bias") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "alternative") (:form . "alternative") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "version") (:form . "versions") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "map") (:form . "mapped") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reference") (:form . "reference") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "proteome") (:form . "proteomes") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "integr8") (:form . "Integr8") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "35") (:form . "35") (:end . 156) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "again") (:form . "again") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 169) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pmatch") (:form . "pmatch") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.261) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101374@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An average of ≈ 16% of interaction entries were lost in the mapping process, either if no sequence was provided with the original entry or if no significant matching sequence could be found in Integr8.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "An") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "≈") (:form . "≈") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "16") (:form . "16") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "entry") (:form . "entries") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "lose") (:form . "lost") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mapping") (:form . "mapping") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "process") (:form . "process") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provided") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "original") (:form . "original") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "entry") (:form . "entry") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 138) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 141) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 144) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matching") (:form . "matching") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 183) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 192) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "integr8") (:form . "Integr8") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:ncues ((:id . :x4.262.1) (:span 142 144))\n ((:id . :x4.262.2) (:span 87 89)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x4.262.1) (:span 142 200))\n ((:id . :x4.262.2) (:span 87 135)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.262) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101375@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The total number of missing proteins will be lower, as several entries from different databases refer to the same sequence.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "miss") (:form . "missing") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "low") (:form . "lower") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "entry") (:form . "entries") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "database") (:form . "databases") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "refer") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.263) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101376@unknown@formal@none@1@S@iPfam@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.264) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101377@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The iPfam database is derived from protein structures deposited in the PDB.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "database") (:form . "database") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structures") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "deposit") (:form . "deposited") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pdb") (:form . "PDB") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.265) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101378@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Regions in every protein structure that match a Pfam domain are scanned for interactions with residues in another Pfam domain.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "Regions") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "every") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "match") (:form . "match") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "scan") (:form . "scanned") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.266) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101380@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Every pair of Pfam families that are found to interact in a PDB structure are called an iPfam domain pair throughout the text.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "Every") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PDB") (:form . "PDB") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "call") (:form . "called") (:end . 84) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 105) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "throughout") (:form . "throughout") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "text") (:form . "text") (:end . 125) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.268) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101381@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Single Pfam families that are part of an iPfam domain pair are then called iPfam domains.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "Single") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . "part") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "call") (:form . "called") (:end . 74) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.269) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101382@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, in PDB entry 1k9a the two iPfam domains SH2 (Pfam accession PF00017) and Pkinase_Tyr (PF07714) interact, therefore they form an iPfam domain pair.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PDB") (:form . "PDB") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "entry") (:form . "entry") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1k9a") (:form . "1k9a") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sh2") (:form . "SH2") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pfam") (:form . "Pfam") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accession") (:form . "accession") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pf00017") (:form . "PF00017") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pkinase_Tyr") (:form . "Pkinase_Tyr") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pf07714") (:form . "PF07714") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 132) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 158) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.270) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101383@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study, iPfam version 21 was employed, containing 2837 iPfam domains, forming 4030 iPfam domain pairs.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "version") (:form . "version") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "employ") (:form . "employed") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "containing") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2837") (:form . "2837") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "form") (:form . "forming") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4030") (:form . "4030") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.271) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101384@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Figure 5 shows the species distribution of iPfam domain pairs.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.272) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101385@unknown@formal@none@1@S@H. sapiens, E. coli and S. cerevisiae are clearly over-represented compared to the other 1113 species with less than 179 complex structures.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.") (:form . "H.") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.") (:form . "E.") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "coli") (:form . "coli") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "s.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "cerevisiae") (:form . "cerevisiae") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "clearly") (:form . "clearly") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "over-represented") (:form . "over-represented")\n (:end . 66) (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1113") (:form . "1113") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "less") (:form . "less") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "179") (:form . "179") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structures") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.273) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101386@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Some iPfam domain pairs are seen to form interactions between distinct peptide chains in the structure (interchain), while others form an interaction between two distinct domains within the same chain (intrachain).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "Some") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "see") (:form . "seen") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "peptide") (:form . "peptide") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "chain") (:form . "chains") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interchain") (:form . "interchain") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "other") (:form . "others") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "within") (:form . "within") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 189) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 194) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chain") (:form . "chain") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "intrachain") (:form . "intrachain") (:end . 212)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.274) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101387@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In iPfam version 21, there are 3407 interchain and 1171 intrachain domain pairs, which means that 548 domain pairs mediate both inter- and intrachain interactions.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "version") (:form . "version") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3407") (:form . "3407") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interchain") (:form . "interchain") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1171") (:form . "1171") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intrachain") (:form . "intrachain") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 79) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "mean") (:form . "means") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "548") (:form . "548") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . "mediate") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inter-") (:form . "inter-") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 138) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intrachain") (:form . "intrachain") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.275) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101388@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this analysis, both types of domain interactions were used equivalently, assuming that intrachain interactions can become interchain interactions and vice-versa as a result of a gene-fission/fusion events.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "type") (:form . "types") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "equivalently") (:form . "equivalently") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "assume") (:form . "assuming") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intrachain") (:form . "intrachain") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "become") (:form . "become") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "interchain") (:form . "interchain") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 152) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "vice-versa") (:form . "vice-versa") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 166) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 178) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene-fission/fusion")\n (:form . "gene-fission/fusion") (:end . 200) (:start . 181) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "event") (:form . "events") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x4.276.1) (:span 114 117))\n ((:id . :x4.276.2) (:span 76 84)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x4.276.1) (:span 114 207))\n ((:id . :x4.276.2) (:span 76 207)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.276) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101390@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Species distribution of iPfam domain pairs.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Species") (:form . "Species") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.278) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101391@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This pie chart shows how many iPfam domain pairs were found in PDB structures from each species.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pie") (:form . "pie") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chart") (:form . "chart") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "how") (:form . "how") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PDB") (:form . "PDB") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structures") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.279) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101392@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The total number is larger than the 4030 unique iPfam pairs in the database because an iPfam pair can be found in structures from several species.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "total") (:form . "total") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "large") (:form . "larger") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4030") (:form . "4030") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unique") (:form . "unique") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "database") (:form . "database") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ipfam") (:form . "iPfam") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pair") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structures") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.280) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101393@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Filtering@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Filtering") (:form . "Filtering") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.281) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101394@unknown@formal@none@1@S@There are many types of experiments used to derive protein interactions, with different properties and error rates.@(((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "There") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "many") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "type") (:form . "types") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derive") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "property") (:form . "properties") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "error") (:form . "error") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rates") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.282) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101395@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For this analysis, solely the properties of physically interacting proteins is of interest.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "solely") (:form . "solely") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "property") (:form . "properties") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "physically") (:form . "physically") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interacting") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interest") (:form . "interest") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.283) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101396@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, only interactions between exactly two proteins per experiment were considered.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "exactly") (:form . "exactly") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "per") (:form . "per") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiment") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "consider") (:form . "considered") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.284) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101397@unknown@formal@none@1@S@That means all protein complex data that were derived by co-purification methods were removed, unless a particular experiment had identified exactly two binding partners.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "That") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "mean") (:form . "means") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . 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(:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.285) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101398@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All genetic interactions were also removed.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genetic") (:form . "genetic") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "removed") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.286) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101400@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Randomised protein interaction networks with identical degree distributions were generated from the original filtered experimental interaction data for each species.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "randomise") (:form . "Randomised") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "network") (:form . "networks") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . 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"interaction") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 156) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.288) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101401@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In each randomisation step, a mapping is created that assigns every node a randomly chosen replacement node.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "randomisation") (:form . "randomisation")\n (:end . 21) (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "step") (:form . "step") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mapping") (:form . "mapping") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "create") (:form . "created") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "assign") (:form . "assigns") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "every") (:form . "every") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "node") (:form . "node") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "randomly") (:form . "randomly") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "choose") (:form . "chosen") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "replacement") (:form . "replacement") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "node") (:form . "node") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.289) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101402@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this way the edges of the network remain in place, while the nodes are shuffled randomly.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "way") (:form . "way") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "edge") (:form . "edges") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "network") (:form . "network") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remain") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "place") (:form . "place") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "node") (:form . "nodes") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "shuffle") (:form . "shuffled") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "randomly") (:form . "randomly") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.290) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101403@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It should be noted that the degree distribution per node is not maintained.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "should") (:form . "should") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "note") (:form . "noted") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degree") (:form . "degree") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "per") (:form . "per") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "node") (:form . "node") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "maintain") (:form . "maintained") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:ncues ((:id . :x4.291.1) (:span 60 63)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x4.291.1) (:span 60 74)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s4.291) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101404@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Instead, this behaviour simulates a network with a high false positive rate.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "instead") (:form . "Instead") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "behaviour") (:form . "behaviour") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "simulate") (:form . "simulates") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "network") (:form . "network") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rate") (:form . "rate") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.292) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101405@unknown@formal@none@1@S@P values@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p") (:form . "P") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 8) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.293) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101406@unknown@formal@none@1@S@P values for observations x were calculated as P(X ≥ x) = f(x; μ, σ), where f(x; μ, σ) is the probability density function of the normal distribution with mean μ and standard deviation σ.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p") (:form . "P") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 8) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observations") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "x") (:form . "x") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "calculate") (:form . "calculated") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P(X") (:form . "P(X") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "≥") (:form . "≥") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "x") (:form . "x") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "f(x") (:form . "f(x") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "μ") (:form . "μ") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "σ") (:form . "σ") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "f(x") (:form . "f(x") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "μ") (:form . "μ") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "σ") (:form . "σ") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "probability") (:form . "probability") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "density") (:form . "density") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "normal") (:form . "normal") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 154) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mean") (:form . "mean") (:end . 159) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "μ") (:form . "μ") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "standard") (:form . "standard") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deviation") (:form . "deviation") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "σ") (:form . "σ") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s4.294) (:did . :1471-2105-8-259)\n (:did-type . :bmc_id) (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|)\n (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101407@unknown@formal@none@1@S@μ and σ are estimated through the randomisation experiments.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "μ") (:form . "μ") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 5) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "σ") (:form . "σ") (:end . 7) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "randomisation") (:form . 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(:end . 241) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.6) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101416@unknown@formal@none@1@S@D-mib also modulates lateral inhibition, a neur- and Dl-dependent signaling event, suggesting that D-mib regulates Dl signaling.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "modulate") (:form . "modulates") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lateral") (:form . "lateral") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inhibition") (:form . "inhibition") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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(:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.8.1) (:span 131 146)) ((:id . :x5.8.2) (:span 61 68)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.8.1) (:span 131 181)) ((:id . :x5.8.2) (:span 25 129)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.8) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101418@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, the activity of the D-mib gene is required for the endocytosis of Ser in wing imaginal disc cells.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.11) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101421@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Introduction@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "introduction") (:form . "Introduction") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.12) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101422@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Cell-to-cell signaling mediated by receptors of the Notch (N) family has been implicated in various developmental decisions in organisms ranging from nematodes to mammals [1].@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cell-to-cell") (:form . "Cell-to-cell") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . 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"identities") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.15) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101425@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In both signaling events, N signals via a conserved mechanism that involves the cleavage and release from the membrane of the N intracellular domain that acts as a transcriptional co-activator for DNA-binding proteins of the CBF1/Suppressor of Hairless/Lag-2 (CSL) family [2].@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "event") (:form . "events") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . 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"of") (:end . 220) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 224) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CBF1/Suppressor") (:form . "CBF1/Suppressor")\n (:end . 240) (:start . 225) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 243) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hairless/Lag-2") (:form . "Hairless/Lag-2")\n (:end . 258) (:start . 244) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 260) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CSL") (:form . "CSL") (:end . 263) (:start . 260)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 264) (:start . 263)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 271)\n (:start . 265) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 273) (:start . 272)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 274) (:start . 273)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 275) (:start . 274)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 276) (:start . 275)\n (:id . 88)))@@@1@47@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.16) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101426@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Two transmembrane ligands of N are known in Drosophila, Delta (Dl) and Serrate (Ser) [3].@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "Two") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transmembrane") (:form . "transmembrane")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ligand") (:form . "ligands") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Delta") (:form . "Delta") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dl") (:form . "Dl") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Serrate") (:form . "Serrate") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.17) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101427@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Dl and Ser have distinct functions.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dl") (:form . "Dl") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.18) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101428@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For instance, Dl (but not Ser) is essential for lateral inhibition during early neurogenesis in the embryo [4].@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "instance") (:form . "instance") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.19.1) (:span 22 25)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.19.1) (:span 22 30)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.19) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101430@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Some developmental decisions, however, require the activity of both genes: Dl and Ser are both required for the specification of wing margin cells during imaginal development [6,7,8,9,10].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "Some") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "developmental") (:form . "developmental")\n (:end . 18) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "decision") (:form . "decisions") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "however") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"during") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "imaginal") (:form . "imaginal") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6,7,8,9,10") (:form . "6,7,8,9,10") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.21) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101431@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These different requirements for Dl and Ser appear to primarily result from their non-overlapping expression patterns rather than from distinct signaling properties.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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"result") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-overlapping") (:form . "non-overlapping")\n (:end . 97) (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pattern") (:form . "patterns") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "rather") (:form . "rather") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "property") (:form . "properties") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.22.2) (:span 44 50)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x5.22.1) (:span 118 129)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.22.2) (:span 0 164)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.22.1) (:span 118 164)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.22) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101432@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Consistent with this interpretation, Dl and Ser have been proposed to act redundantly in the sensory bristle lineage where they are co-expressed ([11]; note, however, that results from another study have indicated a non-redundant function for Dl in the bristle lineage [12]).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . 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"activity") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17") (:form . "17") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.29) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101440@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Ubiquitin is a 76-amino-acid polypeptide that is covalently linked to substrates in a multi-step process that involves a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), and a ubiquitin–protein ligase (E3).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ubiquitin") (:form . "Ubiquitin") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"E1") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ubiquitin-conjugating")\n (:form . "ubiquitin-conjugating") (:end . 178) (:start . 157) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enzyme") (:form . "enzyme") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E2") (:form . "E2") (:end . 189) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 195) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ubiquitin–protein") (:form . "ubiquitin–protein")\n (:end . 215) (:start . 198) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ligase") (:form . "ligase") (:end . 222)\n (:start . 216) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 224) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E3") (:form . "E3") (:end . 226) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 228) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.31) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101441@unknown@formal@none@1@S@E3s recognize specific substrates and catalyze the transfer of ubiquitin to the protein substrate.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "e3") (:form . "E3s") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "recognize") (:form . "recognize") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "substrate") (:form . "substrates") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "catalyze") (:form . "catalyze") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transfer") (:form . "transfer") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ubiquitin") (:form . "ubiquitin") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "substrate") (:form . "substrate") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.32) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101442@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Ubiquitin was first identified as a tag for proteins destined for degradation.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ubiquitin") (:form . "Ubiquitin") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tag") (:form . "tag") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "destine") (:form . "destined") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "degradation") (:form . "degradation") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.33) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101443@unknown@formal@none@1@S@More recently, ubiquitin has also been shown to serve as a signal for endocytosis [26,27].@(((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "More") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ubiquitin") (:form . "ubiquitin") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "serve") (:form . "serve") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signal") (:form . "signal") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "26,27") (:form . "26,27") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.34) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101444@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mib in D. rerio and Neur in Drosophila and Xenopus have been shown to associate with Dl, regulate Dl ubiquitination, and promote its endocytosis [18,19,20,22,25,28].@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Mib") (:form . "Mib") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rerio") (:form . "rerio") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulate") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dl") (:form . "Dl") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ubiquitination") (:form . "ubiquitination")\n (:end . 115) (:start . 101) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "promote") (:form . "promote") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "18,19,20,22,25,28") (:form . 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"that") (:end . 151) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 166) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dl") (:form . "Dl") (:end . 169) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 172) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associated") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 188) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increased") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dl") (:form . "Dl") (:end . 201) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 212) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 221) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.36.1) (:span 136 151)) ((:id . :x5.36.2) (:span 51 65)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.36.1) (:span 136 220))\n ((:id . :x5.36.2) (:span 51 220)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.36) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101446@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Finally, epsin, a regulator of endocytosis that contains a ubiquitin-interacting motif and that is known in Drosophila as Liquid facet, is essential for Dl signaling [30,31].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "finally") (:form . "Finally") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "epsin") (:form . "epsin") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulator") (:form . "regulator") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ubiquitin-interacting")\n (:form . "ubiquitin-interacting") (:end . 80) (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Liquid") (:form . "Liquid") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "facet") (:form . "facet") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 138) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "essential") (:form . "essential") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 152) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dl") (:form . "Dl") (:end . 155) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "30,31") (:form . "30,31") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.37) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101447@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In one study, Liquid facet was proposed to target Dl to an endocytic recycling compartment, suggesting that recycling of Dl may be required for signaling.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Liquid") (:form . "Liquid") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "facet") (:form . "facet") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "propose") (:form . "proposed") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "target") (:form . "target") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dl") (:form . "Dl") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "endocytic") (:form . "endocytic") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "recycle") (:form . "recycling") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "compartment") (:form . "compartment") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggesting") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "recycle") (:form . "recycling") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dl") (:form . "Dl") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.38.1) (:span 124 127)) ((:id . :x5.38.2) (:span 92 102))\n ((:id . :x5.38.3) (:span 31 39)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.38.1) (:span 108 153))\n ((:id . :x5.38.2) (:span 92 153)) ((:id . :x5.38.3) (:span 14 153)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.38) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101448@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Accordingly, signaling would not be linked directly to endocytosis, but endocytosis would be prerequisite for signaling [30].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "accordingly") (:form . "Accordingly") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "would") (:form . "would") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "link") (:form . "linked") (:end . 42) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "directly") (:form . "directly") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "would") (:form . "would") (:end . 89) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prerequisite") (:form . "prerequisite") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "30") (:form . "30") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.39.1) (:span 84 89)) ((:id . :x5.39.2) (:span 23 28)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x5.39.3) (:span 29 32)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.39.1) (:span 84 119)) ((:id . :x5.39.2) (:span 13 66)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.39.3) (:span 13 66)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.39) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101450@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Also, whether the signaling activity of Ser is similarly regulated by endocytosis is not known.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "Also") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "similarly") (:form . "similarly") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulated") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.41.2) (:span 85 94)) ((:id . :x5.41.1) (:span 6 13)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.41.2) (:span 6 81)) ((:id . :x5.41.1) (:span 6 94)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.41) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101451@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Neur and Mib proteins completely differ in primary structure.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Mib") (:form . "Mib") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "completely") (:form . "completely") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "differ") (:form . "differ") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "primary") (:form . "primary") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.42) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101452@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Drosophila Neur is a 754-amino-acid protein that contains two conserved Neur homology repeats of unknown function and one C-terminal catalytic really interesting new gene (RING) domain.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "754-amino-acid") (:form . "754-amino-acid")\n (:end . 35) (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homology") (:form . "homology") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeats") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . "unknown") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "really") (:form . "really") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "interesting") (:form . "interesting") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "RING") (:end . 176) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.43) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101453@unknown@formal@none@1@S@D. rerio Mib (also known as DIP-1 in the mouse [32]) is a 1,030-amino-acid protein with one ZZ zinc finger domain surrounded by two Mib/HERC2 domains, two Mib repeats, eight ankyrin repeats, two atypical RING domains, and one C-terminal catalytic RING domain.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rerio") (:form . "rerio") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Mib") (:form . "Mib") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . 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"a") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "1,030-amino-acid") (:form . "1,030-amino-acid")\n (:end . 74) (:start . 58) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ZZ") (:form . "ZZ") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "zinc") (:form . "zinc") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "surround") (:form . "surrounded") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . 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"NNS") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeats") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 194) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "atypical") (:form . "atypical") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "RING") (:end . 208) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 221) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 225) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 236)\n (:start . 226) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 246)\n (:start . 237) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "RING") (:end . 251) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 258)\n (:start . 252) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 259) (:start . 258)\n (:id . 92)))@@@1@51@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.44) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101454@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both genes have been conserved from flies to mammals [18,19,33,34].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . 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"signaling") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "33,34") (:form . "33,34") (:end . 223)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 224) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.46.1) (:span 155 169)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.46.1) (:span 155 216)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.46) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101456@unknown@formal@none@1@S@One possible explanation is functional redundancy with the mouse Neur2 gene.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "One") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "explanation") (:form . 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(:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.47.1) (:span 4 12)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.47.1) (:span 4 75)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.47) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101457@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conversely, the function of Drosophila mib (D-mib), the homolog of D. rerio mib gene, is not known.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "conversely") (:form . "Conversely") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mib") (:form . "mib") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homolog") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rerio") (:form . "rerio") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mib") (:form . "mib") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.48.1) (:span 89 98)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.48.1) (:span 12 98)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.48) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101458@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To establish the respective roles of these two distinct E3 ligases in the context of a single model organism, we have studied the function of the Drosophila D-mib gene.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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"have") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studied") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 141) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 167) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.49) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101460@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We further show that D-mib is specifically required for Ser endocytosis and signaling during wing development, indicating for the first time, to our knowledge, that endocytosis regulates Ser signaling.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . "specifically") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "wing") (:form . "wing") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicating") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "time") (:form . "time") (:end . 140) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 144) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 148) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "knowledge") (:form . "knowledge") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 164) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulates") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 190) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.51.1) (:span 111 121)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.51.1) (:span 111 200)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.51) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101461@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interestingly, the D-mib activity was found necessary for a subset of N signaling events that are distinct from those requiring the activity of the neur gene.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "interestingly") (:form . "Interestingly")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"be") (:form . "are") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "require") (:form . "requiring") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 147) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "neur") (:form . "neur") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 157) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.52) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101462@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Nevertheless, the ectopic expression of Neur compensates for the loss of D-mib activity in the wing, indicating that Neur and D-mib have overlapping functions.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "nevertheless") (:form . "Nevertheless") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ectopic") (:form . "ectopic") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "compensate") (:form . "compensates") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "loss") (:form . "loss") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "wing") (:form . "wing") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicating") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 136) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlapping") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.53.1) (:span 101 116)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.53.1) (:span 101 158)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.53) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101463@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We conclude that D-mib and Neur are two structurally distinct proteins with similar molecular activities but distinct and complementary functions in Drosophila.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "conclude") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "structurally") (:form . "structurally") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "molecular") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activities") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complementary") (:form . "complementary")\n (:end . 135) (:start . 122) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.54) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101464@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Results@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "Results") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.55) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101465@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Isolation of D-mib Mutations@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "isolation") (:form . "Isolation") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Mutation") (:form . "Mutations") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.56) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101466@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The closest Drosophila homolog of the vertebrate mib gene is the predicted gene CG5841, D-mib [18].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "close") (:form . "closest") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homolog") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "vertebrate") (:form . "vertebrate") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mib") (:form . "mib") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cg5841") (:form . "CG5841") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "18") (:form . "18") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.57) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101467@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The D-mib mutations identified are shown in Figure 1.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "d-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.58) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101468@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A P-element inserted into the 5? untranslated region of the D-mib gene was recently isolated (http://flypush.imgen.bcm.tmc.edu/pscreen/) (Figure 1A).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p-element") (:form . "P-element") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "insert") (:form . "inserted") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "untranslated") (:form . "untranslated") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "isolate") (:form . "isolated") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "http://flypush.imgen.bcm.tmc.edu/pscreen/")\n (:form . "http://flypush.imgen.bcm.tmc.edu/pscreen/") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1a") (:form . "1A") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.59) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101470@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Lethality was reverted by precise excision of the P-element, suggesting that insertion of this P-element is a D-mib mutation, referred to as D-mib1.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Lethality") (:form . "Lethality") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "revert") (:form . "reverted") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "precise") (:form . "precise") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "excision") (:form . "excision") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P-element") (:form . "P-element") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggesting") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . "insertion") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P-element") (:form . "P-element") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "d-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "referred") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib1") (:form . "D-mib1") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.61.1) (:span 61 71)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.61.1) (:span 61 147)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.61) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101471@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A 13.6-kb deletion that removes the entire D-mib coding region was selected by imprecise excision of this P-element.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "13.6-kb") (:form . "13.6-kb") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . "deletion") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "removes") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "entire") (:form . "entire") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "cod") (:form . "coding") (:end . 55) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "select") (:form . "selected") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "imprecise") (:form . "imprecise") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "excision") (:form . "excision") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 105) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P-element") (:form . "P-element") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.62) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101472@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This deletion represents a null allele of D-mib and was named D-mib2.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . "deletion") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represents") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "null") (:form . "null") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "allele") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "name") (:form . "named") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib2") (:form . "D-mib2") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.63) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101473@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This deletion also deletes the 3? flanking RpS31 gene (Figure 1A).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . "deletion") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "delete") (:form . "deletes") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanking") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rps31") (:form . "RpS31") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1a") (:form . "1A") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.64) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101474@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The D-mib1 and D-mib2mutant alleles did not complement the l(3)72CdaJ12 and l(3)72CdaI5 lethal mutations that have been mapped to the same cytological interval as the D-mib gene [35].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib1") (:form . "D-mib1") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "d-mib2mutant") (:form . "D-mib2mutant") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "alleles") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "do") (:form . "did") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "complement") (:form . "complement") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "l(3)72CdaJ12") (:form . "l(3)72CdaJ12") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "l(3)72CdaI5") (:form . "l(3)72CdaI5") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lethal") (:form . "lethal") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 114) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 119) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "map") (:form . "mapped") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 138) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cytological") (:form . "cytological") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interval") (:form . "interval") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 162) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 166) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 177) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "35") (:form . "35") (:end . 181) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.65.1) (:span 40 43)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.65.1) (:span 40 182)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.65) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101475@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This indicates that these two lethal mutations are D-mib mutant alleles, and they were therefore renamed D-mib3 and D-mib4, respectively.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lethal") (:form . "lethal") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "d-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "alleles") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "rename") (:form . "renamed") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib3") (:form . "D-mib3") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib4") (:form . "D-mib4") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.66.1) (:span 5 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.66.1) (:span 5 71)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.66) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101476@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The D-mib1 and D-mib3 mutations behave as genetic null alleles (see Materials and Methods).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib1") (:form . "D-mib1") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib3") (:form . "D-mib3") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "behave") (:form . "behave") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genetic") (:form . "genetic") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "null") (:form . "null") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "alleles") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Material") (:form . "Materials") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.67) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101477@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In contrast, D-mib4 is a partial loss-of-function allele because flies trans-heterozygous for D-mib4 and any other D-mib null alleles are viable.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib4") (:form . "D-mib4") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "partial") (:form . "partial") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "loss-of-function") (:form . "loss-of-function")\n (:end . 49) (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "allele") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "flies") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "trans-heterozygous") (:form . "trans-heterozygous")\n (:end . 89) (:start . 71) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib4") (:form . "D-mib4") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "d-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "null") (:form . "null") (:end . 125) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "alleles") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 137) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "viable") (:form . "viable") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.68) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101478@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These four mutations identify the CG5841 gene as D-mib by the following evidence.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identify") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cg5841") (:form . "CG5841") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 54) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "following") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evidence") (:form . "evidence") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.69) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101480@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Second, genomic sequencing of the D-mib3 allele revealed the presence of a stop codon at position 258 (Figure 1B).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "Second") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genomic") (:form . "genomic") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequencing") (:form . "sequencing") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib3") (:form . "D-mib3") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "allele") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "reveal") (:form . "revealed") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "258") (:form . "258") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1b") (:form . "1B") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.71) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101481@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This allele is therefore predicted to produce a truncated protein devoid of the catalytic RING domain, consistent with D-mib3 being a null allele.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "allele") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "produce") (:form . 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(:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.74.1) (:span 63 66)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.74.1) (:span 63 178)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.74) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101484@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Fourth, the leaky, GAL4-independent expression of a UAS-D-mib transgene fully rescued the lethality of D-mib1/D-mib2 flies (data not shown; see also Figure 1H).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Fourth") (:form . "Fourth") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "leaky") (:form . 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"RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 148) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1h") (:form . "1H") (:end . 158) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.75.1) (:span 129 132)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.75.1) (:span 123 138)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.75) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101485@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, our analysis identified both complete and partial D-mib loss-of-function alleles.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . 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".") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.76) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101486@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Molecular and Genetic Characterization of D-mib Mutations@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "Molecular") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genetic") (:form . "Genetic") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "characterization") (:form . "Characterization")\n (:end . 38) (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Mutation") (:form . 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"the") (:form . "the") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "13.6") (:form . "13.6") (:end . 144) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kb") (:form . "kb") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . "deletion") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 161) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "removes") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 173) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 183) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 187) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rps31") (:form . "RpS31") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "allele") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib2") (:form . "D-mib2") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.78) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101488@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transcribed regions are indicated with arrows, and exons are indicated with boxes.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "transcribe") (:form . "Transcribed") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicated") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "arrow") (:form . "arrows") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exons") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicated") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "box") (:form . "boxes") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.79) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101490@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(B) Domain composition of D-mib and D. rerio Mib.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Domain") (:form . "Domain") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "composition") (:form . "composition") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "rerio") (:form . "rerio") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Mib") (:form . "Mib") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.81) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101491@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both proteins show identical domain organization.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organization") (:form . "organization") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.82) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101492@unknown@formal@none@1@S@D-mib has an N-terminal ZZ zinc finger flanked on either side by a Mib/HERC2 (M-H) domain, followed by two Mib repeats, six ankyrin repeats, two atypical RING domains, and a C-terminal protypical RING that has been associated with catalytic E3 ubiquitin ligase activity.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ZZ") (:form . "ZZ") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "zinc") (:form . "zinc") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanked") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "side") (:form . "side") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Mib/HERC2") (:form . "Mib/HERC2") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "M-H") (:form . "M-H") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "followed") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Mib") (:form . "Mib") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeats") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "six") (:form . "six") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ankyrin") (:form . "ankyrin") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeats") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "atypical") (:form . "atypical") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "RING") (:end . 158) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 171) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protypical") (:form . "protypical") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "RING") (:end . 200) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 205) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 209) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 214) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associated") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 215) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 230) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 231) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e3") (:form . "E3") (:end . 243) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ubiquitin") (:form . "ubiquitin") (:end . 253)\n (:start . 244) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ligase") (:form . "ligase") (:end . 260)\n (:start . 254) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 269)\n (:start . 261) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 270) (:start . 269)\n (:id . 91)))@@@1@50@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.83) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101493@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The D-mib3 mutant allele is predicted to produce a truncated protein devoid of E3 ubiquitin ligase activity whereas the D-mib4 protein carries a mutation at a conserved position in the second Mib repeat.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib3") (:form . "D-mib3") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "allele") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "produce") (:form . "produce") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "truncate") (:form . "truncated") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "devoid") (:form . "devoid") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e3") (:form . "E3") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ubiquitin") (:form . "ubiquitin") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ligase") (:form . "ligase") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whereas") (:form . "whereas") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib4") (:form . "D-mib4") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "carry") (:form . "carries") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 156) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 180) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 184) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Mib") (:form . "Mib") (:end . 195) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeat") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.84.1) (:span 28 37)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.84.1) (:span 0 107)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.84) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101494@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(C and C?) Western blot analysis of D-mib (C).@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "western") (:form . "Western") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blot") (:form . "blot") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.85) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101495@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The endogenous D-mib protein (predicted size: 130 kDa) was detected in S2 cells (lane 2) and in imaginal discs from wild-type larvae (lane 3) but was not detectable in homozygous D-mib1 (lane 4) and D-mib1/D-mib3 (lane 5) third instar larvae.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "endogenous") (:form . 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(:end . 242) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.86.1) (:span 150 153)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.86.1) (:span 150 241)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.86) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101496@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The D-mib protein produced in transfected S2 cells from the cDNA used in this study (lane 1) runs exactly as endogenous D-mib (lane 2).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "d-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "produce") (:form . "produced") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "transfecte") (:form . 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"in") (:form . "in") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "panel") (:form . "panel") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.88) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101498@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(D–H) Wings from wild-type (D), D-mib1 (E), SerRX82/Serrev6.1 (F), D-mib2/D-mib4 (G), and UAS-D-mib2/+; D-mib1/D-mib2 flies (H).@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D–H") (:form . "D–H") (:end . 4) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "wing") (:form . "Wings") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.89) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101500@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The D-mib mutant phenotype could be almost fully rescued by a leaky UAS-D-mib transgene (H).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . "phenotype") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "almost") (:form . "almost") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . 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(:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.91) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101501@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(D?) and (G?) show high magnification views of (D) and (G), respectively, to show that D-mib2/D-mib4 mutant flies (G?) exhibited ectopic sensilla (arrowheads) along vein L3.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "d") (:form . "D") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 4) (:start . 3) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G") (:form . "G") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") 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(:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.104.1) (:span 155 158)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.104.1) (:span 150 165)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.104) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101514@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All these phenotypes may result from reduced N signaling.@(((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . "phenotypes") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "reduce") (:form . 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(:end . 268) (:start . 267)\n (:id . 96)))@@@1@55@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.109) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101520@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Together, these observations suggest that D-mib regulates Dl signaling in several developmental contexts.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "Together") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observations") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . 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(:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.111.1) (:span 29 36)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.111.1) (:span 29 104)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.111) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101521@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Consistent with this conclusion, we have shown that D-mib binds Dl and promotes Dl signaling and that overexpression of D-mib down-regulates the accumulation of Dl at the cell surface (E. C. Lai, F. Roegiers, X. Qin, R. Le Borgne, F. Schweisguth, et al., unpublished data).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "Consistent") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "conclusion") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.126) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101536@unknown@formal@none@1@S@N also regulates expression of the cut gene in margin cells [44].@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 6) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulates") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cut") (:form . "cut") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . 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(:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.127) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101537@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, loss of N signaling results in a reduction in size of the wing pouch accompanied by the loss of cut and wg expression along the D-V boundary.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "loss") (:form . "loss") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "result") (:form . 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(:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.133.1) (:span 84 87)) ((:id . :x5.133.2) (:span 37 39)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.133.1) (:span 78 94))\n ((:id . :x5.133.2) (:span 37 77)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.133) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101543@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We therefore conclude that D-mib and neur have distinct and complementary functions in Drosophila.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "conclude") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "neur") (:form . "neur") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complementary") (:form . "complementary")\n (:end . 73) (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.134) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101544@unknown@formal@none@1@S@D-mib Co-Localizes with Dl and Ser at the Apical Cortex@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "d-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Co-Localiz") (:form . "Co-Localizes") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dl") (:form . "Dl") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Apical") (:form . "Apical") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Cortex") (:form . "Cortex") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.135) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101545@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We next studied the subcellular localization of D-mib (Figure 3).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "next") (:form . "next") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studied") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "subcellular") (:form . "subcellular") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "localization") (:form . "localization") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.136) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101546@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Anti-D-mib antibodies were generated that specifically detected D-mib on Western blots (see Figure 1C) and on fixed tissues (Figure 3F–F?).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "anti-d-mib") (:form . "Anti-D-mib") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "antibody") (:form . "antibodies") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . "specifically") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "western") (:form . "Western") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "blot") (:form . "blots") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1c") (:form . "1C") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 109) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "fix") (:form . "fixed") (:end . 115) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tissue") (:form . "tissues") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "3F–F") (:form . "3F–F") (:end . 136) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.137) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101547@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using these antibodies, we found that D-mib was detected in all imaginal disc cells (Figure 3A and 3B).@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "antibody") (:form . "antibodies") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "imaginal") (:form . "imaginal") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "disc") (:form . "disc") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "3a") (:form . "3A") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "3b") (:form . "3B") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.138) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101548@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We then examined D-mib subcellular distribution in epithelial cells located along the edge of the wing discs because cross-sectional imaging affords better resolution along the apical-basal axis.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "examine") (:form . "examined") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "d-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "subcellular") (:form . "subcellular") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "epithelial") (:form . "epithelial") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "locate") (:form . "located") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "along") (:form . "along") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "edge") (:form . "edge") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "wing") (:form . "wing") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "disc") (:form . "discs") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cross-sectional") (:form . "cross-sectional")\n (:end . 132) (:start . 117) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "imaging") (:form . "imaging") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "afford") (:form . "affords") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "good") (:form . "better") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "resolution") (:form . "resolution") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "along") (:form . "along") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 176) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apical-basal") (:form . "apical-basal") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "axis") (:form . "axis") (:end . 194) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.139) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101550@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Dl and Ser were also detected in large intracellular vesicles that probably correspond to multivesicular bodies in that they also stained for hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate [46] (Figure 3B–3C'''???; data not shown).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dl") (:form . "Dl") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "large") (:form . "large") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intracellular") (:form . "intracellular")\n (:end . 52) (:start . 39) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "vesicle") (:form . "vesicles") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "probably") (:form . "probably") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "correspond") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multivesicular") (:form . "multivesicular")\n (:end . 104) (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "body") (:form . "bodies") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 119) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "stain") (:form . "stained") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 141) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hepatocyte") (:form . "hepatocyte") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "growth") (:form . "growth") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "factor-regulated") (:form . "factor-regulated")\n (:end . 176) (:start . 160) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tyrosine") (:form . "tyrosine") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "kinase") (:form . "kinase") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "substrate") (:form . "substrate") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "46") (:form . "46") (:end . 206) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "3B–3C") (:form . "3B–3C") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 216) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "”") (:form . "”") (:end . 221) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "’") (:form . "’") (:end . 224) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 228) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 229) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 237) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 243)\n (:start . 238) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 244) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 245) (:start . 244)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.141.1) (:span 67 75)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.141.1) (:span 67 202)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.141) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101551@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The intracellular dots seen with the anti-D-mib antibodies were distinct from the Dl- and Ser-positive dots and appeared to result from background staining (data not shown).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intracellular") (:form . "intracellular")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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"Dl-") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ser-positive") (:form . "Ser-positive") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dot") (:form . "dots") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appeared") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 135) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "background") (:form . "background") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "staining") (:form . "staining") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.142.1) (:span 112 120)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.142.1) (:span 112 155)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.142) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101552@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The reduced cytoplasmic staining seen in D-mib mutant cells (Figure 3F–3F??)'' suggests that D-mib is also present in the cytoplasm.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "reduce") (:form . "reduced") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cytoplasmic") (:form . "cytoplasmic") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "staining") (:form . "staining") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "see") (:form . "seen") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "3F–3F") (:form . "3F–3F") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "”") (:form . "”") (:end . 76) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggests") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cytoplasm") (:form . "cytoplasm") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.143.1) (:span 79 87)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.143.1) (:span 79 131)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.143) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101553@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A similar localization at the apical cortex and in the cytoplasm was seen for a functional yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)::D-mib fusion protein (see Figure 6 below).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "localization") (:form . "localization") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apical") (:form . 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"6") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "below") (:form . "below") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.144) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101554@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These localization data suggest that D-mib may act at the apical cortex to regulate the activity of Dl and/or Ser.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "localization") (:form . "localization") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "act") (:form . "act") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apical") (:form . "apical") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cortex") (:form . "cortex") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulate") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dl") (:form . "Dl") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and/or") (:form . "and/or") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.145.1) (:span 43 46)) ((:id . :x5.145.2) (:span 24 31)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.145.1) (:span 43 113))\n ((:id . :x5.145.2) (:span 24 113)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.145) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101555@unknown@formal@none@1@S@D-mib Co-Localizes with Dl and Ser at the Apical Cell Cortex@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "d-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Co-Localiz") (:form . "Co-Localizes") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dl") (:form . "Dl") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Apical") (:form . "Apical") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Cell") (:form . "Cell") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Cortex") (:form . "Cortex") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.146) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101556@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(A and A?) D-mib (green) is detected in all cells of the wing imaginal disc.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . "A") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . "A") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "d-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "green") (:form . "green") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "wing") (:form . "wing") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "imaginal") (:form . "imaginal") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "disc") (:form . "disc") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.147) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101557@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In (A), Ser is in red and Discs-large (Dlg) is in blue.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 4) (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A") (:form . "A") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "discs-large") (:form . "Discs-large") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . 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"NNP") (:stem . "G") (:form . "G") (:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 94)))@@@1@53@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.175) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101585@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Cut is shown in blue (G).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Cut") (:form . "Cut") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "blue") (:form . 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(:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.177.1) (:span 47 50)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.177.1) (:span 0 89)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.177) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101587@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Low-magnification views of the wing portion of the discs are shown in (G) and (I).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low-magnification") (:form . "Low-magnification")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "view") (:form . "views") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "wing") (:form . "wing") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portion") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B–C") (:form . "B–C") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E–F") (:form . "E–F") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "?m") (:form . "?m") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H–J") (:form . "H–J") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.181) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101591@unknown@formal@none@1@S@D-mib Is Required for Ser Endocytosis@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "Is") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "Required") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Endocytosis") (:form . "Endocytosis") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.182) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101592@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Ubiquitin-mediated endocytosis is thought to depend on monoubiquitination.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ubiquitin-mediated") (:form . "Ubiquitin-mediated")\n (:end . 18) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "think") (:form . "thought") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "depend") (:form . "depend") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "monoubiquitination") (:form . "monoubiquitination")\n (:end . 73) (:start . 55) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.183.1) (:span 34 41)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.183.1) (:span 0 73)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.183) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101593@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, by analogy with the function of Mib in D. rerio [18,28], we suggest that D-mib may directly monoubiquitinate Ser.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . 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"monoubiquitinate") (:form . "monoubiquitinate")\n (:end . 114) (:start . 98) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.184.1) (:span 85 88)) ((:id . :x5.184.2) (:span 66 73)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.184.1) (:span 85 118))\n ((:id . :x5.184.2) (:span 66 118)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.184) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101594@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Consistent with this hypothesis, we show in a companion paper that D-mib binds Ser (E. C. Lai, F. Roegiers, X. Qin, R. Le Borgne, F. Schweisguth, et al., unpublished data).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "Consistent") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Qin") (:form . "Qin") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "R.") (:form . "R.") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Le") (:form . "Le") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Borgne") (:form . "Borgne") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "F.") (:form . "F.") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Schweisguth") (:form . "Schweisguth") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 152) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unpublished") (:form . "unpublished") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.185) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101595@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, a mutation in the C-terminal catalytic RING domain of D-mib abolished its ability to internalize Ser in transfected S2 cells (R. L. B. and F. S., unpublished data) implying that the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of D-mib is required for Ser internalization.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . 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(:end . 223) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.189.1) (:span 188 195)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.189.1) (:span 188 206)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.189) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101600@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The results are shown in Figure 5.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . 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(:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.195) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101605@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We therefore conclude that D-mib is specifically required for the endocytosis of Ser in wing discs.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "conclude") (:form . "conclude") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . 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(:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.196) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101606@unknown@formal@none@1@S@D-mib Is Required for Ser Endocytosis@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "Is") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "Required") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Endocytosis") (:form . "Endocytosis") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.197) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101607@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Localization of the anti-Ser (red) and anti-Dl (green) antibodies that have been internalized by wild-type (A–C??) and D-mib1 mutant (D–F??) cells in the notum region of wing discs.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Localization") (:form . "Localization") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "anti-ser") (:form . "anti-Ser") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"wing") (:form . "wing") (:end . 174) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "disc") (:form . "discs") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.198) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101608@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(A–A??) and (D–D??) show apical sections and (B–B??) and (E–E??) show basal sections.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A–A") (:form . "A–A") (:end . 4) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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")") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.201) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101611@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Internalized anti-Ser and anti-Dl antibodies co-localized in wild-type cells.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "internalize") (:form . "Internalized") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "anti-ser") (:form . "anti-Ser") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "anti-dl") (:form . "anti-Dl") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "antibody") (:form . "antibodies") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "co-localize") (:form . 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(:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.214.2) (:span 51 59)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x5.214.1) (:span 74 77)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.214.2) (:span 51 112)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.214.1) (:span 65 112)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.214) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101624@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We next tested whether expression of D-mib in dorsal cells is sufficient to rescue the D-mib wing phenotype.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "next") (:form . "next") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . 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(:end . 251) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.217) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101627@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Expression of D-mib in dorsal cells was sufficient to rescue growth of the wing pouch and of the expression of Cut in margin cells in D-mib mutant discs (Figure 7A).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dorsal") (:form . "dorsal") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.245.1) (:span 137 144)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x5.245.2) (:span 119 122))\n ((:id . :x5.245.3) (:span 56 59)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.245.1) (:span 137 209)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.245.2) (:span 113 131))\n ((:id . :x5.245.3) (:span 39 131)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.245) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101655@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By contrast, D-mib appears to be uniformly expressed in imaginal discs.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contrast") (:form . "contrast") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . 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(:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.246.1) (:span 19 26)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.246.1) (:span 13 70)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.246) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101656@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To test this hypothesis, we examined whether the forced ubiquitous expression of the neur gene can suppress the D-mib loss-of-function phenotype.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hypothesis") (:form . "hypothesis") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . 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(:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.247.1) (:span 37 44)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.247.1) (:span 37 144)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.247) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101657@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Expression of Neur, using actin-GAL4, restored growth of the wing pouch and formation of the wing margin (data not shown).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "actin-gal4") (:form . 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(:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.248.1) (:span 111 114)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.248.1) (:span 105 121)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.248) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101658@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, expression of Neur in dorsal cells, using Ser-GAL4, was sufficient to rescue growth of the wing pouch as well as the expression of Cut in margin cells in D-mib mutant discs (Figure 8D).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"embryos") (:end . 287)\n (:start . 280) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "develop") (:form . "developed") (:end . 297)\n (:start . 288) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "normally") (:form . "normally") (:end . 306)\n (:start . 298) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 307) (:start . 306)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 308) (:start . 307)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.252.2) (:span 137 143 150 152)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x5.252.1) (:span 242 245))\n ((:id . :x5.252.4) (:span 50 54)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.252.2) (:span 137 162)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.252.1) (:span 236 251))\n ((:id . :x5.252.4) (:span 50 79)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.252) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101662@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This indicates that a key function of Neur in the embryo cannot be provided by D-mib.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "key") (:form . "key") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "embryo") (:form . "embryo") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cannot") (:form . "cannot") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provided") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.253.2) (:span 5 19)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x5.253.1) (:span 57 63)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.253.2) (:span 5 84)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.253.1) (:span 20 84)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.253) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101663@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We therefore suggest that Neur and D-mib functions overlap but are not strictly identical.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlap") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strictly") (:form . "strictly") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.254.1) (:span 13 20)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.254.1) (:span 13 89)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.254) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101664@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Discussion@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "discussion") (:form . "Discussion") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.255) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101665@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Many recent studies have revealed that endocytosis plays multiple roles in the regulation of N signaling (reviewed in [2]; see also [53,54]).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "many") (:form . "Many") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "recent") (:form . "recent") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "reveal") (:form . "revealed") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "play") (:form . "plays") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "role") (:form . "roles") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "review") (:form . "reviewed") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 131) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "53,54") (:form . "53,54") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.256) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101666@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here, we show that the conserved E3 ubiquitin ligases Neur and D-mib have similar molecular activities in the regulation of Dl and Ser endocytosis but distinct developmental functions in Drosophila.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e3") (:form . "E3") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ubiquitin") (:form . "ubiquitin") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ligas") (:form . "ligases") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . 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"Dl") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "developmental") (:form . "developmental")\n (:end . 173) (:start . 160) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 186) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.257) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101667@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our analysis first establishes that D-mib regulates Ser signaling during wing development.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "establish") (:form . "establishes") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulates") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "wing") (:form . "wing") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.258) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101668@unknown@formal@none@1@S@First, clonal analysis revealed that the activity of the D-mib gene is specifically required in dorsal cells for the expression of Cut at the wing margin.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "first") (:form . "First") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "clonal") (:form . "clonal") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "reveal") (:form . "revealed") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . "specifically") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dorsal") (:form . "dorsal") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Cut") (:form . "Cut") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 141) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "wing") (:form . "wing") (:end . 146) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "margin") (:form . "margin") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.259) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101670@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Third, results from an in vivo antibody uptake assay indicated that the endocytosis of Ser (but not of Dl) was strongly inhibited in D-mib mutant cells.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "third") (:form . "Third") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vivo") (:form . "vivo") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "antibody") (:form . "antibody") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "uptake") (:form . "uptake") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assay") (:form . "assay") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicated") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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(:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.261.2) (:span 53 67)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x5.261.1) (:span 96 99)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.261.2) (:span 53 151)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.261.1) (:span 96 106)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.261) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101671@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This inhibition correlated with the strong accumulation of Ser (but not Dl) at the apical cortex of D-mib mutant cells.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inhibition") (:form . "inhibition") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "correlate") (:form . "correlated") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.262.1) (:span 68 71)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.262.1) (:span 68 75)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.262) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101672@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, an essential function of D-mib in the wing is to regulate the endocytosis of Ser in dorsal cells to non-autonomously promote the activation of N along the D-V boundary.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "essential") (:form . "essential") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.264.2) (:span 51 54)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x5.264.1) (:span 81 85)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.264.2) (:span 51 145)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.264.1) (:span 81 145)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.264) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101674@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Because D-mib co-localizes with Ser at the apical cortex of wing disc cells, acts in a RING-finger-dependent manner to regulate Ser endocytosis in S2 cells (R. L. B. and F. S., unpublished results), and physically associates with Ser in co-immunoprecipitation experiments (E. C. Lai, F. Roegiers, X. Qin, R. Le Borgne, F. Schweisguth, et al., unpublished data), D-mib may ubiquitinate Ser and directly regulate its endocytosis.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "Because") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . 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"Ser") (:end . 388) (:start . 385)\n (:id . 116))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 392) (:start . 389)\n (:id . 117))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "directly") (:form . "directly") (:end . 401)\n (:start . 393) (:id . 118))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulate") (:end . 410)\n (:start . 402) (:id . 119))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 414) (:start . 411)\n (:id . 120))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 426)\n (:start . 415) (:id . 121))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 427) (:start . 426)\n (:id . 122)))@@@1@81@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.265.1) (:span 368 371)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.265.1) (:span 368 426)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.265) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101675@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our analysis further suggests that endocytosis of Ser is required for Ser signaling.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggests") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.266.1) (:span 21 29)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.266.1) (:span 21 83)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.266) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101676@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This conclusion is consistent with observations made earlier showing that secreted versions of Ser cannot activate N but instead antagonize Ser signaling [56,57].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "conclusion") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "consistent") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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(:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.267.1) (:span 99 105)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.267.1) (:span 99 116)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.267) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101677@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, endocytosis of both N ligands appears to be strictly required for N activation in Drosophila.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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"Drosophila") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.268.1) (:span 36 43)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.268.1) (:span 6 98)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.268) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101678@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Different models have been proposed to explain how endocytosis of the ligand, which removes the ligand from the cell surface, results in N receptor activation (discussed in [17,20,21,30]).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "Different") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "model") (:form . "models") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.269) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101680@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Noticeably, there is no C. elegans Mib homolog, and the function of C. elegans neur (F10D7.5) is not known.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "noticeably") (:form . "Noticeably") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C.") (:form . "C.") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "elegans") (:form . "elegans") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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"NN") (:stem . "f10d7.5") (:form . "F10D7.5") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.271.1) (:span 97 106)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x5.271.2) (:span 21 23)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.271.1) (:span 52 106)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.271.2) (:span 21 46)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.271) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101681@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We speculate that endocytosis of the ligands may have evolved as a means to ensure tight spatial regulation of the activation of N.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "speculate") (:form . "speculate") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "endocytosis") (:form . "endocytosis") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"tight") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "spatial") (:form . "spatial") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "N") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.272.1) (:span 45 48)) ((:id . :x5.272.2) (:span 3 12)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.272.1) (:span 45 130))\n ((:id . :x5.272.2) (:span 3 130)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.272) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101682@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our analysis also establishes that the activity of the D-mib gene is required for a subset of N signaling events that are distinct from those that require the activity of the neur gene.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "establish") (:form . "establishes") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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(:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.285.1) (:span 23 25)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.285.1) (:span 23 125)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.285) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101695@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is conceivable that the contribution of D-mib to the endocytosis of Dl is masked by the activity of D-mib-independent processes that may, or may not, be linked to Dl signaling.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "conceivable") (:form . "conceivable") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.286.1) (:span 136 151)) ((:id . :x5.286.2) (:span 6 17)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.286.1) (:span 136 178))\n ((:id . :x5.286.2) (:span 6 178)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.286) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101696@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have also shown that, reciprocally, Neur and D-mib may similarly regulate Ser.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.287.1) (:span 54 57)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.287.1) (:span 54 80)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.287) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101697@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Neur and D-mib were shown to similarly promote down-regulation of Ser from the cell surface when overexpressed (E. C. Lai, F. Roegiers, X. Qin, R. Le Borgne, F. Schweisguth, et al., unpublished data).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . 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(:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unpublished") (:form . "unpublished") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulates") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 148) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.289) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101700@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, the ability of Neur to rescue the D-mib mutant wing phenotype when expressed in dorsal cells strongly indicates that Neur can promote Ser signaling.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ability") (:form . "ability") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "rescue") (:form . "rescue") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "wing") (:form . "wing") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . "phenotype") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressed") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dorsal") (:form . "dorsal") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strongly") (:form . "strongly") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 125) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "promote") (:form . "promote") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.291.1) (:span 131 134))\n ((:id . :x5.291.2) (:span 111 125)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.291.1) (:span 126 156))\n ((:id . :x5.291.2) (:span 111 156)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.291) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101701@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Together, these data indicate that Neur and D-mib have similar molecular activities.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "Together") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . 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(:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.292.1) (:span 21 34)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.292.1) (:span 21 83)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.292) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101702@unknown@formal@none@1@S@D-mib and Neur may have identical molecular activities but distinct expression patterns, hence distinct functions at the level of the organism.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "molecular") (:form . "molecular") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activities") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pattern") (:form . "patterns") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "hence") (:form . "hence") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organism") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.293.1) (:span 15 18)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.293.1) (:span 15 142)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.293) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101703@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Consistent with this possibility, D-mib is uniformly distributed in imaginal discs, whereas Neur is specifically detected in sensory cells [52].@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "Consistent") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibility") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . 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"RB") (:stem . "specifically") (:form . "specifically") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sensory") (:form . "sensory") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "52") (:form . "52") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.294) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101704@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Importantly, the rescue of the D-mib mutant phenotype by ectopic expression of Neur strongly supports this interpretation.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "importantly") (:form . "Importantly") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rescue") (:form . "rescue") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . "phenotype") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ectopic") (:form . "ectopic") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strongly") (:form . "strongly") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "support") (:form . "supports") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interpretation") (:form . "interpretation")\n (:end . 121) (:start . 107) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.295.1) (:span 93 101)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.295.1) (:span 93 121)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.295) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101705@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This result further suggests that Neur can regulate Ser signaling.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggests") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Neur") (:form . "Neur") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulate") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.296.1) (:span 39 42)) ((:id . :x5.296.2) (:span 20 28)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.296.1) (:span 39 65))\n ((:id . :x5.296.2) (:span 20 65)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.296) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101706@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Consistent with this idea, overexpression of Neur in imaginal discs resulted in a strong reduction of Ser accumulation at the apical cortex (data not shown).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "Consistent") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "idea") (:form . "idea") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "reduction") (:form . "reduction") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ser") (:form . "Ser") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accumulation") (:form . "accumulation") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apical") (:form . "apical") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cortex") (:form . "cortex") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.297.1) (:span 146 149)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.297.1) (:span 146 156)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.297) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101707@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, despite their obvious structural differences, Neur and D-mib appear to act similarly to promote the endocytosis of Dl and Ser.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "despite") (:form . 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(:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.305) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101715@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The D-mib2 allele was selected as w- D-mib mutant derivative by imprecise excision of the EY97600 P-element.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib2") (:form . "D-mib2") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "allele") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "select") (:form . "selected") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "w-") (:form . "w-") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib") (:form . "D-mib") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "derivative") (:form . "derivative") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "imprecise") (:form . "imprecise") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "excision") (:form . "excision") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "EY97600") (:form . "EY97600") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P-element") (:form . "P-element") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.306) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101716@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The precise breakpoints of the D-mib2 deletion were determined by sequencing a PCR fragment amplified from genomic DNA prepared from D-mib2 homozygous larvae.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "precise") (:form . "precise") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "breakpoint") (:form . "breakpoints") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib2") (:form . "D-mib2") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . "deletion") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determined") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequencing") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PCR") (:form . "PCR") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fragment") (:form . "fragment") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "amplify") (:form . "amplified") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genomic") (:form . "genomic") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "prepare") (:form . "prepared") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 132) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib2") (:form . "D-mib2") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homozygous") (:form . "homozygous") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larvae") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.307) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101717@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The l(3)72CdaJ12 and l(3)72CdaI5 alleles originally isolated by [35] failed to complement the D-mib1 and D-mib2 mutations and were renamed D-mib3 and D-mib4.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "l(3)72CdaJ12") (:form . "l(3)72CdaJ12") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "l(3)72CdaI5") (:form . "l(3)72CdaI5") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "alleles") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "originally") (:form . "originally") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "isolate") (:form . "isolated") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "35") (:form . "35") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "fail") (:form . "failed") (:end . 75) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "complement") (:form . "complement") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib1") (:form . "D-mib1") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib2") (:form . "D-mib2") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "rename") (:form . "renamed") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib3") (:form . "D-mib3") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib4") (:form . "D-mib4") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:ncues ((:id . :x5.308.1) (:span 69 75)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x5.308.1) (:span 69 121)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.308) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101718@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The D-mib1, D-mib2, and D-mib3 alleles appear to be genetically null alleles since the phenotypes of D-mib1/D-mib1 and D-mib1/D-mib3 mutant pupae are indistinguishable from the ones seen in D-mib1/D-mib2 and D-mib2/D-mib3 pupae.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib1") (:form . "D-mib1") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib2") (:form . "D-mib2") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib3") (:form . "D-mib3") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "alleles") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appear") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "genetically") (:form . "genetically") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "null") (:form . "null") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "allele") (:form . "alleles") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "since") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . "phenotypes") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib1/d-mib1") (:form . "D-mib1/D-mib1")\n (:end . 114) (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib1/d-mib3") (:form . "D-mib1/D-mib3")\n (:end . 132) (:start . 119) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pupa") (:form . "pupae") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "indistinguishable") (:form . "indistinguishable")\n (:end . 167) (:start . 150) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 172) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 176) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "one") (:form . "ones") (:end . 181) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "see") (:form . "seen") (:end . 186) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 189) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib1/d-mib2") (:form . "D-mib1/D-mib2")\n (:end . 203) (:start . 190) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib2/d-mib3") (:form . "D-mib2/D-mib3")\n (:end . 221) (:start . 208) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pupa") (:form . "pupae") (:end . 227)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 228) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:hcues ((:id . :x5.309.1) (:span 39 45)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x5.309.1) (:span 0 76)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s5.309) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101720@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Genomic DNA from l(3)72Cda/D-mib2 mutant pupae was used as control for polymorphism.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genomic") (:form . "Genomic") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "l(3)72Cda/D-mib2") (:form . "l(3)72Cda/D-mib2")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pupa") (:form . "pupae") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "control") (:form . "control") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "polymorphism") (:form . "polymorphism") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.311) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101721@unknown@formal@none@1@S@D-mib2 mutant clones were generated in y w hs-flp;FRT2A D-mib2/FRT2A M(3)i55 ubi-nlsGFP larvae.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d-mib2") (:form . "D-mib2") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "clones") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "y") (:form . "y") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "w") (:form . "w") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "hs-flp;FRT2A") (:form . "hs-flp;FRT2A") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-mib2/FRT2A") (:form . "D-mib2/FRT2A") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "M(3)i55") (:form . "M(3)i55") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ubi-nlsGFP") (:form . "ubi-nlsGFP") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larvae") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.312) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101722@unknown@formal@none@1@S@neur1F65 mutant clones were generated as previously described [22].@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "neur1f65") (:form . "neur1F65") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "clones") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "22") (:form . "22") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.313) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101723@unknown@formal@none@1@S@UAS-D-mib and UAS-YFP::D-mib lines were generated via standard P-element transformation.@(((:tag . 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".") (:form . ".") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s5.314) (:did . :pmc1064853) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101724@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These constructs were derived from the SD05267 cDNA obtained from ResGen (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California, United States).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "constructs") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SD05267") (:form . 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(:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.4.1) (:span 4 6)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.4.1) (:span 4 66)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.4) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101744@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we show that the approximately 600-amino acid “core” region of RAG1 required for its catalytic activity is significantly similar to the transposase encoded by DNA transposons that belong to the Transib superfamily.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"encoded") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 163) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 184) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "belong") (:form . "belong") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 194) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 198) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamily") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.5) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101745@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This superfamily was discovered recently based on computational analysis of the fruit fly and African malaria mosquito genomes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamily") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discover") (:form . "discovered") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "computational") (:form . "computational")\n (:end . 63) (:start . 50) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "african") (:form . "African") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "malaria") (:form . "malaria") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.6) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101746@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transib transposons also are present in the genomes of sea urchin, yellow fever mosquito, silkworm, dog hookworm, hydra, and soybean rust.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "yellow") (:form . "yellow") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fever") (:form . "fever") (:end . 79) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "silkworm") (:form . "silkworm") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dog") (:form . "dog") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hookworm") (:form . "hookworm") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hydra") (:form . "hydra") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "soybean") (:form . "soybean") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rust") (:form . "rust") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.7) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101747@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We demonstrate that recombination signal sequences (RSSs) were derived from terminal inverted repeats of an ancient Transib transposon.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signal") (:form . "signal") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSSs") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "terminal") (:form . "terminal") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "inverted") (:form . "inverted") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeats") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ancient") (:form . "ancient") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.8) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101748@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, the critical DDE catalytic triad of RAG1 is shared with the Transib transposase as part of conserved motifs.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "critical") (:form . "critical") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dde") (:form . "DDE") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "triad") (:form . "triad") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "share") (:form . "shared") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposase") (:form . "transposase") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . "part") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.9) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101750@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Our results provide the first direct evidence linking RAG1 and RSSs to a specific superfamily of DNA transposons and indicate that the V(D)J machinery evolved from transposons.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "Our") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "direct") (:form . "direct") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evidence") (:form . "evidence") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "link") (:form . "linking") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rss") (:form . "RSSs") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamily") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "machinery") (:form . "machinery") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "evolve") (:form . "evolved") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 163) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.11.1) (:span 117 130)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.11.1) (:span 117 175)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.11) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101751@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We propose that only the RAG1 core was derived from the Transib transposase, whereas the N-terminal domain was assembled from separate proteins of unknown function that may still be active in sea urchin, lancelet, hydra, and starlet sea anemone.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "propose") (:form . "propose") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposase") (:form . "transposase") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whereas") (:form . "whereas") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "assemble") (:form . "assembled") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 125) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separate") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . "unknown") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 168) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 172) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "still") (:form . "still") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 181) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . "active") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 191) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 195) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 212)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hydra") (:form . "hydra") (:end . 219)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 220) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 224) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "starlet") (:form . "starlet") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 236) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anemone") (:form . "anemone") (:end . 244)\n (:start . 237) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 245) (:start . 244)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.12.1) (:span 169 172)) ((:id . :x6.12.2) (:span 3 10)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.12.1) (:span 169 244))\n ((:id . :x6.12.2) (:span 3 244)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.12) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101752@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also suggest that the RAG2 protein was not encoded by ancient Transib transposons but emerged in jawed vertebrates as a counterpart of RAG1 necessary for the V(D)J recombination reaction.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"exon") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoding") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 178) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "variable") (:form . "variable") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "antigen-binding") (:form . "antigen-binding")\n (:end . 203) (:start . 188) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 213) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 217) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "receptor") (:form . "receptor") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.19) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101760@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In V(D)J recombination, DNA cleavage is catalyzed by two proteins encoded by the recombination-activating genes, approximately 1040-amino acid (aa) RAG1 and approximately 530-aa RAG2 [2,3].@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 22) (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cleavage") (:form . "cleavage") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "catalyze") (:form . "catalyzed") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "recombination-activating")\n (:form . "recombination-activating") (:end . 105) (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 126) (:start . 113) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "1040-amino") (:form . "1040-amino") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aa") (:form . "aa") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 156) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 170) (:start . 157) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "530-aa") (:form . "530-aa") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag2") (:form . "RAG2") (:end . 182) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2,3") (:form . "2,3") (:end . 187) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.21) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101761@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The site specificity of the recombination is defined by the binding of RAG1/2 to RSSs flanking the V, D, and J segments [4].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "specificity") (:form . "specificity") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 41) (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1/2") (:form . "RAG1/2") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rss") (:form . "RSSs") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanking") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V") (:form . "V") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D") (:form . "D") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "J") (:form . "J") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "segment") (:form . "segments") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.22) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101762@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All RSSs can be divided into two groups, referred to as RSS12 and RSS23, and consist of conserved heptamer and nonamer sequences separated by a variable spacer either 12 ± 1 (RSS12) or 23 ± 1 (RSS23) bp long [4–7].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSSs") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "divide") (:form . "divided") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "group") (:form . "groups") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "referred") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss12") (:form . "RSS12") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS23") (:form . "RSS23") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "consist") (:form . "consist") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heptamer") (:form . "heptamer") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nonamer") (:form . "nonamer") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separated") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 141) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "variable") (:form . "variable") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "spacer") (:form . "spacer") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "12") (:form . "12") (:end . 169) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "±") (:form . "±") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss12") (:form . "RSS12") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 184) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "23") (:form . "23") (:end . 187) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "±") (:form . "±") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss23") (:form . "RSS23") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bp") (:form . "bp") (:end . 202) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "long") (:form . "long") (:end . 207) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4–7") (:form . "4–7") (:end . 212) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 90)))@@@1@49@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.23) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101763@unknown@formal@none@1@S@During V(D)J recombination, RAG1/2 complex binds one RSS12 and one RSS23, bringing them into juxtaposition, and cuts the chromosome between the RSS heptamers and the corresponding V and D, D and J, or V and J coding segments [3,8].@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "During") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 26) (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1/2") (:form . "RAG1/2") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binds") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss12") (:form . "RSS12") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss23") (:form . "RSS23") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bring") (:form . "bringing") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "juxtaposition") (:form . "juxtaposition")\n (:end . 106) (:start . 93) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "cut") (:form . "cuts") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromosome") (:form . "chromosome") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 147) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "heptamer") (:form . "heptamers") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V") (:form . "V") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D") (:form . "D") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D") (:form . "D") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 194) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "J") (:form . "J") (:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 200) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V") (:form . "V") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 206) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "J") (:form . "J") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coding") (:form . "coding") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "segment") (:form . "segments") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 216) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3,8") (:form . "3,8") (:end . 229) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 230) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 231) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 88)))@@@1@47@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.24) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101764@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A rule requiring that efficient V(D)J recombination occur between RSS12 and RSS23 is known as the “12/23” rule [1].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 6) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "require") (:form . "requiring") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "efficient") (:form . "efficient") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 51) (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occur") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss12") (:form . "RSS12") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS23") (:form . "RSS23") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "“") (:form . "“") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "12/23") (:form . "12/23") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "”") (:form . "”") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.25) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101765@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Even prior to the discovery of RAG1 and RAG2, it had been suggested that the first two RSSs were originally terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of an ancient transposon whose accidental insertion into a gene ancestral to BCR and TCR, followed by gene duplications, triggered the emergence of the V(D)J machinery [4].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "Even") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prior") (:form . "prior") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "discovery") (:form . 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"NNS") (:stem . "duplication") (:form . "duplications") (:end . 260)\n (:start . 248) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 261) (:start . 260)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "trigger") (:form . "triggered") (:end . 271)\n (:start . 262) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 275) (:start . 272)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "emergence") (:form . "emergence") (:end . 285)\n (:start . 276) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 288) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 292) (:start . 289)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 298)\n (:start . 293) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "machinery") (:form . "machinery") (:end . 308)\n (:start . 299) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 310) (:start . 309)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 311) (:start . 310)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 312) (:start . 311)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 313) (:start . 312)\n (:id . 100)))@@@1@59@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.26.1) (:span 58 67)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.26.1) (:span 58 308)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.26) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101766@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Later, this model was expanded by the suggestion that both RAG1 and RAG2 might have evolved from a transposase (TPase) that catalyzed transpositions of ancient transposons flanked by TIRs that were precursors of RSSs [9].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "later") (:form . "Later") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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"precursors") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 211) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSSs") (:end . 216) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "9") (:form . "9") (:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 220) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 221) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.27.1) (:span 73 78)) ((:id . :x6.27.2) (:span 38 48)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.27.1) (:span 73 216))\n ((:id . :x6.27.2) (:span 38 216)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.27) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101767@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This model has received additional support through observations of similar biochemical reactions in transposition and V(D)J recombination [10,11].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "receive") (:form . "received") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . 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(:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.29) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101770@unknown@formal@none@1@S@So far, only one putative instance of such a transposition has been reported [15].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "So") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "far") (:form . "far") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "putative") (:form . "putative") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "instance") (:form . "instance") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transposition")\n (:end . 58) (:start . 45) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "15") (:form . "15") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.31) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101771@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, given the lack of significant structural similarities between RAGs and known TPases, the “RAG transposon” model [9,12,13,16] remained unproven.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lack") (:form . "lack") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "structural") (:form . "structural") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarities") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rag") (:form . "RAGs") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 92) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "“") (:form . "“") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "RAG") (:form . "RAG") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "”") (:form . "”") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "9,12,13,16") (:form . "9,12,13,16") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remained") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unproven") (:form . "unproven") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.32.1) (:span 143 151)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x6.32.2) (:span 19 23)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.32.1) (:span 94 151)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.32.2) (:span 19 92)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.32) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101772@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we demonstrate that the RAG1 core and RSSs were derived from a TPase and TIRs encoded by ancient DNA transposons from the Transib superfamily [17].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrate") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rss") (:form . "RSSs") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TIR") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ancient") (:form . "ancient") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamily") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17") (:form . "17") (:end . 150) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.33) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101773@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Transib superfamily is one of ten superfamilies of DNA transposons detected so far in eukaryotes [17].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamily") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ten") (:form . "ten") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamilies") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "so") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "far") (:form . "far") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "eukaryote") (:form . "eukaryotes") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17") (:form . "17") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.34) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101774@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Like other DNA transposons, Transib transposons exist as autonomous and nonautonomous elements.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "like") (:form . "Like") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "exist") (:form . "exist") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "autonomous") (:form . "autonomous") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonautonomous") (:form . "nonautonomous")\n (:end . 85) (:start . 72) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.35) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101775@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The autonomous Transib transposons are 3–4 kb long and code for an approximately 700-aa TPase that is not similar to TPases from any other transposon superfamilies.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "autonomous") (:form . "autonomous") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3–4") (:form . "3–4") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "kb") (:form . "kb") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "long") (:form . "long") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "code") (:form . "code") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 80) (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "700-aa") (:form . "700-aa") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tpase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamilies")\n (:end . 163) (:start . 150) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.36) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101776@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Computational analysis of Transib elements, including their numerous insertions into copies of other transposons, demonstrated that Transib transposons are flanked by 5-bp target site duplications (TSDs), which also distinguishes this superfamily from all the others [17].@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "computational") (:form . "Computational")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "numerous") (:form . "numerous") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . "insertions") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "copy") (:form . "copies") (:end . 91) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 100) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrated") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 131) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 155) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanked") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 166) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "5-bp") (:form . "5-bp") (:end . 171) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "target") (:form . "target") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 183) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "duplication") (:form . "duplications") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TSD") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 202) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 215) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "distinguish") (:form . "distinguishes")\n (:end . 229) (:start . 216) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 234) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamily") (:end . 246)\n (:start . 235) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 251) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 255) (:start . 252)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 259) (:start . 256)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "other") (:form . "others") (:end . 266)\n (:start . 260) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 268) (:start . 267)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17") (:form . "17") (:end . 270) (:start . 268)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 271) (:start . 270)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 272) (:start . 271)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.37) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101777@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transib transpositions are expected to be catalyzed by the binding of the TPase to TIRs of autonomous and nonautonomous transposons [17].@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transpositions")\n (:end . 22) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "catalyze") (:form . 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(:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.38.1) (:span 27 35)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.38.1) (:span 27 131)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.38) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101778@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As discussed in this paper, in addition to the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) genomes, in which Transib transposons were originally discovered, these genes are also present in diverse animals (Table S1), including other species of fruit fly (e.g., Drosophila pseudoobscura, Drosophila willistoni), yellow fever mosquito (Anopheles aegypti), silkworm (Bombyx mori), red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), dog hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum), freshwater flatworm (Schmidtea mediterranea), hydra (Hydra magnipapillata), sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus), and soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi).@(((:tag . 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"VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "publish") (:form . "published") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "literature") (:form . "literature") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "49–51") (:form . "49–51") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.42) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101782@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Red circles mark species in which Transib TPases were found.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "Red") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "circle") (:form . "circles") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "mark") (:form . "mark") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 48) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.43) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101783@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Gray squares indicate RAG2; orange and blue ellipses show the RAG1 core and RAG1 N-terminal domain, respectively.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gray") (:form . "Gray") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "square") (:form . "squares") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag2") (:form . "RAG2") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "orange") (:form . "orange") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "blue") (:form . "blue") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ellipsis") (:form . "ellipses") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.44) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101784@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Overall taxonomy, including common and Latin names, is reported on the right side of the figure.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "overall") (:form . "Overall") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "taxonomy") (:form . "taxonomy") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "latin") (:form . "Latin") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "name") (:form . "names") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "right") (:form . "right") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "side") (:form . "side") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "figure") (:form . "figure") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.45) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101785@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A question mark at the lamprey lineage indicates insufficient sequence data.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "question") (:form . "question") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mark") (:form . "mark") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lamprey") (:form . "lamprey") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lineage") (:form . "lineage") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "insufficient") (:form . "insufficient") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.46) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101786@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A lack of any labels means that the Transib TPase and RAG1/2 are not present in the sequenced portions of the corresponding genomes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lack") (:form . "lack") (:end . 6) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "label") (:form . "labels") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "mean") (:form . "means") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 49) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1/2") (:form . "RAG1/2") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequenced") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portions") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.47.1) (:span 65 68)) ((:id . :x6.47.2) (:span 2 6)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.47.1) (:span 65 131)) ((:id . :x6.47.2) (:span 2 20)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.47) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101787@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Among branches lacking Transib TPases, only lamprey and crocodile genomes are not extensively sequenced to date.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "among") (:form . "Among") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "branch") (:form . "branches") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "lack") (:form . "lacking") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 37) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lamprey") (:form . "lamprey") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "crocodile") (:form . "crocodile") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "extensively") (:form . "extensively") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequenced") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "date") (:form . "date") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.48.1) (:span 78 81)) ((:id . :x6.48.2) (:span 15 22)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.48.1) (:span 44 111)) ((:id . :x6.48.2) (:span 15 37)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.48) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101788@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In sea anemone, the RAG1 core–like protein is capped by the ring finger motif, which also forms the C-terminus in the RAG1 N-terminal domain.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anemone") (:form . "anemone") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cap") (:form . "capped") (:end . 52) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "ring") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "form") (:form . "forms") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C-terminus") (:form . "C-terminus") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.49) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101790@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Results@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "Results") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.51) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101791@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Detection of Similarity between Transib TPases and RAG1@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Detection") (:form . "Detection") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Similarity") (:form . "Similarity") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 46) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.52) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101792@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using protein sequences of seven known Transib TPases (Transib1 through Transib4 and Transib1_AG through Transib3_AG from D. melanogaster and A. gambiae, respectively) [17] as queries in a standard BLASTP search against all GenBank proteins, we found that the approximately 60-aa C-terminal portion of the Transib2_AG TPase was 35%-38% identical to the C-terminal portion of the RAG1 core (Figure S1).@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "seven") (:form . "seven") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 53) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1") (:form . "Transib1") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib4") (:form . "Transib4") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1_AG") (:form . "Transib1_AG") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib3_AG") (:form . "Transib3_AG") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 141) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "a.") (:form . "A.") (:end . 144) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gambiae") (:form . "gambiae") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . 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"(") (:end . 390) (:start . 389)\n (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 396)\n (:start . 390) (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S1") (:form . "S1") (:end . 399) (:start . 397)\n (:id . 108))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 400) (:start . 399)\n (:id . 109))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 401) (:start . 400)\n (:id . 110)))@@@1@69@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.53) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101793@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, this similarity was only marginally significant (E = 0.07 where the E-value is an expected number of sequences matching by chance; Table 1).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . 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(:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.54) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101794@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In another search against GenBank, using PSI-BLAST [18] (see Materials and Methods) with the Transib2_AG TPase as a query, we found that two unclassified proteins (GenBank gi 30923617 and 30923765; annotated as hypothetical proteins) and RAG1s constituted the only group of any GenBank proteins similar to the Transib2_AG TPase (Table 1).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . 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(:end . 338) (:start . 337)\n (:id . 104)))@@@1@63@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.55) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101795@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The statistical significance of similarity between the TPase and RAG1s was measured by Ei = 0.025, where Ei is the E-value threshold for the first inclusion of RAG1 sequences into the PSI-BLAST iterations [18] (Materials and Methods).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "statistical") (:form . "statistical") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "significance") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . 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",") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ei") (:form . "Ei") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e-value") (:form . "E-value") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inclusion") (:form . 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"]") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Material") (:form . "Materials") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 224) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 233) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.56) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101796@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The observed improvement in significance of the Transib/RAG1 similarity (from E = 0.07 in BLASTP to Ei = 0.025 in PSI-BLAST; Table 1) was due to the fact that both 151-aa and 123-aa hypothetical GenBank proteins were apparent remnants of Transib TPases (approximately 40% identity to the Transib2_AG TPase, E < 10-10 in BLASTP).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "improvement") (:form . "improvement") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . 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"approximately")\n (:end . 267) (:start . 254) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "40") (:form . "40") (:end . 270) (:start . 268)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 271) (:start . 270)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identity") (:form . "identity") (:end . 280)\n (:start . 272) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 283) (:start . 281)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 287) (:start . 284)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib2_AG") (:form . "Transib2_AG") (:end . 299)\n (:start . 288) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 305)\n (:start . 300) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 306) (:start . 305)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E") (:form . "E") (:end . 308) (:start . 307)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 310) (:start . 309)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-10") (:form . "10-10") (:end . 316)\n (:start . 311) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 319) (:start . 317)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTP") (:form . "BLASTP") (:end . 326)\n (:start . 320) (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 327) (:start . 326)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 328) (:start . 327)\n (:id . 103)))@@@1@62@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.57) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101797@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The RAG1 proteins appeared to be more similar to the position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM) created by PSI-BLAST based on multiple alignment of the Transib2_AG TPase and two Transib TPase-like proteins, than to the solo Transib2_AG TPase in the BLASTP search.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . 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",") (:form . ",") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 208) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 211) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 215) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "solo") (:form . "solo") (:end . 220) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib2_AG") (:form . "Transib2_AG") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 221) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 241) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 245) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTP") (:form . "BLASTP") (:end . 252)\n (:start . 246) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 259)\n (:start . 253) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 260) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.58.1) (:span 18 26)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.58.1) (:span 0 259)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.58) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101798@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Given the latter observation, we decided to improve the quality of the PSSM constructed by PSI-BLAST for different Transib TPase sequences.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "Given") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "latter") (:form . "latter") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observation") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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"by") (:form . "by") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.59) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101800@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As a result, Ei-values for matches of RAG1s to a new PSSM based on alignment of nine Transib TPases (the two GenBank TPase-like proteins plus seven added TPases) noticeably dropped in comparison with the Ei-values obtained for the PSSM constructed in the previous step based on alignment of the three TPases (Table 1).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 4) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ei-value") (:form . 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"proteins") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "plus") (:form . "plus") (:end . 141) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "seven") (:form . "seven") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "add") (:form . "added") (:end . 153) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "noticeably") (:form . "noticeably") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "drop") (:form . "dropped") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 183) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparison") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 199) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 203) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ei-value") (:form . "Ei-values") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtained") (:end . 222)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 226) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 230) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pssm") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 235) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "constructed") (:end . 247)\n (:start . 236) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 250) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 254) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "previous") (:end . 263)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "step") (:form . "step") (:end . 268) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 274)\n (:start . 269) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 277) (:start . 275)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 287)\n (:start . 278) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 290) (:start . 288)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 294) (:start . 291)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 300)\n (:start . 295) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 307)\n (:start . 301) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 309) (:start . 308)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 314)\n (:start . 309) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 316) (:start . 315)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 317) (:start . 316)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 318) (:start . 317)\n (:id . 100)))@@@1@59@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.61) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101801@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To support the observation that Ei-values of matches between RAG1s and the Transib TPase PSSM decrease as the number of TPase sequences used for construction of the PSSM increases, we identified six new Transib TPases (Transib5, Transib3_DP, Transib4_DP, Transib1_AA, Transib2_AA, Transib3_AA; Figure S2).@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "support") (:form . "support") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observation") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ei-value") (:form . "Ei-values") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "match") (:form . "matches") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1s") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PSSM") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "decrease") (:form . "decrease") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 140) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "construction") (:form . "construction") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 164) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PSSM") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 169) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increases") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 183) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "six") (:form . "six") (:end . 198) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 202) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib5") (:form . "Transib5") (:end . 227)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 228) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib3_DP") (:form . "Transib3_DP") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 229) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 241) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib4_DP") (:form . "Transib4_DP") (:end . 253)\n (:start . 242) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 254) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1_AA") (:form . "Transib1_AA") (:end . 266)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 267) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib2_AA") (:form . "Transib2_AA") (:end . 279)\n (:start . 268) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 280) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib3_AA") (:form . "Transib3_AA") (:end . 292)\n (:start . 281) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 293) (:start . 292)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 300)\n (:start . 294) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S2") (:form . "S2") (:end . 303) (:start . 301)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 304) (:start . 303)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 305) (:start . 304)\n (:id . 94)))@@@1@53@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.62) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101802@unknown@formal@none@1@S@During the next step of the PSI-BLAST analysis, the original GenBank set was combined with 13 Transib TPases.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "During") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "next") (:form . "next") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "step") (:form . "step") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "original") (:form . "original") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "13") (:form . "13") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.63) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101803@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Again, Ei-values of matches between RAG1s and the new PSSM derived from multiple alignment of 15 Transib TPases (the two GenBank proteins plus all our TPases) were much smaller (approximately 10-6–10-3; Table 1) than those obtained based on the PSSM constructed from the nine TPases at the preceding step (approximately 10-3–10-2).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "again") (:form . "Again") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ei-value") (:form . "Ei-values") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "match") (:form . "matches") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1s") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pssm") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "15") (:form . "15") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "plus") (:form . "plus") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 163) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "much") (:form . "much") (:end . 168) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "small") (:form . "smaller") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 191) (:start . 178) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-6–10-3") (:form . "10-6–10-3") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 216) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 222)\n (:start . 217) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtained") (:end . 231)\n (:start . 223) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 232) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 240) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 244) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pssm") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 249) (:start . 245)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "constructed") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 250) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 266) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 270) (:start . 267)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "nine") (:form . "nine") (:end . 275) (:start . 271)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 282)\n (:start . 276) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 285) (:start . 283)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 289) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "precede") (:form . "preceding") (:end . 299)\n (:start . 290) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "step") (:form . "step") (:end . 304) (:start . 300)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 306) (:start . 305)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 319) (:start . 306) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-3–10-2") (:form . "10-3–10-2") (:end . 329)\n (:start . 320) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 330) (:start . 329)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 331) (:start . 330)\n (:id . 101)))@@@1@60@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.64) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101804@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the final step, we identified one more set of five new Transib TPases (Transib1_DP, Transib2_DP, Transib4_AA, Transib5_AA, and Transib1_SP).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "final") (:form . "final") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "step") (:form . "step") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "five") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 72) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1_DP") (:form . "Transib1_DP") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib2_DP") (:form . "Transib2_DP") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib4_AA") (:form . "Transib4_AA") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib5_AA") (:form . "Transib5_AA") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1_SP") (:form . "Transib1_SP") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.65) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101805@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When all 18 TPases were combined with the original GenBank set, the Ei values of matches between RAG1s and the Transib PSSM dropped significantly further (10-9–10-4; Table 1).@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "18") (:form . "18") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 18) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "original") (:form . "original") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ei") (:form . "Ei") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "match") (:form . "matches") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1s") (:end . 102) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PSSM") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "drop") (:form . "dropped") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 145) (:start . 132) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-9–10-4") (:form . "10-9–10-4") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.66) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101806@unknown@formal@none@1@S@During the final revision of this manuscript, we identified an intermediate RAG1-like sequence in Hydra magnipapillata, called RAG1L_HM, which is significantly similar to both RAG1 and Transib TPase, as shown later.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "During") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "final") (:form . "final") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "revision") (:form . "revision") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "manuscript") (:form . "manuscript") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intermediate") (:form . "intermediate") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-like") (:form . "RAG1-like") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hydra") (:form . "Hydra") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "magnipapillata") (:form . "magnipapillata")\n (:end . 118) (:start . 104) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "call") (:form . "called") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1L_HM") (:form . "RAG1L_HM") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 159) (:start . 146) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 170) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 175) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 180) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 184) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 202) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "later") (:form . "later") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.67) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101807@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This direct result represents an independent validation of our analysis.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "direct") (:form . "direct") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represents") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "independent") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "validation") (:form . "validation") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.68) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101808@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The PSI-BLAST PSSM of Transib TPases approximates conservation/variability of the Transib TPase consensus sequence.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pssm") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 36) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "approximate") (:form . "approximates") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation/variability")\n (:form . "conservation/variability") (:end . 74) (:start . 50) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.69) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101810@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The RAG1 Ei values decreased as the number of Transib TPases used for the PSSM construction increased due to the fact that RAG1 evolved from a Transib TPase.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ei") (:form . "Ei") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "decrease") (:form . "decreased") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 60) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PSSM") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "construction") (:form . "construction") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increased") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "due") (:form . "due") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fact") (:form . "fact") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "evolve") (:form . "evolved") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 140) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.71) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101811@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In all cases, the E values obtained after several rounds of iterations were less than 10-20 at the point of convergence.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "case") (:form . "cases") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e") (:form . "E") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtained") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "after") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "round") (:form . "rounds") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iteration") (:form . "iterations") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "less") (:form . "less") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-20") (:form . "10-20") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "point") (:form . "point") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "convergence") (:form . "convergence") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.72) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101812@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Nearly the entire sequences of several Transib TPases, excluding their 100–140-aa N-terminal domains, converged with an approximately 600-aa portion of RAG1 defined by positions approximately 360–1010 (Figure S3).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "nearly") (:form . "Nearly") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "entire") (:form . "entire") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 53) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excluding") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "100–140-aa") (:form . "100–140-aa") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "converge") (:form . "converged") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 133) (:start . 120) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "600-aa") (:form . "600-aa") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portion") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 156) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 191) (:start . 178) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "360–1010") (:form . "360–1010") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S3") (:form . "S3") (:end . 211) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.73) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101813@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This portion of RAG1 corresponds to the “RAG1 core,” hereafter numbered relative to human RAG1 (residues 387–1011), which along with RAG2 is known to be sufficient to perform V(D)J cleavage even after deletions of the 383-aa N-terminal and 32-aa C-terminal portions of RAG1 [19,20].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portion") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponds") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "“") (:form . "“") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "”") (:form . "”") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "hereafter") (:form . "hereafter") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "numbered") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 89) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "387–1011") (:form . "387–1011") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "along") (:form . "along") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 132) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag2") (:form . "RAG2") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sufficient") (:form . "sufficient") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 166) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "perform") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cleavage") (:form . "cleavage") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "even") (:end . 194) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "after") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "deletion") (:form . "deletions") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 213) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 217) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "383-aa") (:form . "383-aa") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 235)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 239) (:start . 236)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "32-aa") (:form . "32-aa") (:end . 245)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 256)\n (:start . 246) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portions") (:end . 265)\n (:start . 257) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 268) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 273) (:start . 269)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 275) (:start . 274)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "19,20") (:form . "19,20") (:end . 280)\n (:start . 275) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 281) (:start . 280)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 282) (:start . 281)\n (:id . 94)))@@@1@53@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.74) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101814@unknown@formal@none@1@S@During studies reported here, we identified 11 additional new families of Transib transposons and TPases (see Figure S2) that are well preserved in the genomes of fruit flies (Transib5 in D. melanogaster; and Transib1_DP, Transib2_DP, Transib3_DP, and Transib4_DP in D. pseudoobscura), mosquitoes (Transib1_AA, Transib2_AA, Transib3_AA, Transib4_AA, and Transib5_AA from A. aegypti) and sea urchin (Transib1_SP).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "During") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "11") (:form . "11") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "additional") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "s2") (:form . "S2") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 125) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "preserve") (:form . "preserved") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 162) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "flies") (:end . 174) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib5") (:form . "Transib5") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 187) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 190) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster")\n (:end . 203) (:start . 191) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 208) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1_DP") (:form . "Transib1_DP") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 221) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib2_DP") (:form . "Transib2_DP") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib3_DP") (:form . "Transib3_DP") (:end . 246)\n (:start . 235) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 247) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 251) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib4_DP") (:form . "Transib4_DP") (:end . 263)\n (:start . 252) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 266) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 269) (:start . 267)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pseudoobscura") (:form . "pseudoobscura")\n (:end . 283) (:start . 270) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 284) (:start . 283)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 285) (:start . 284)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquitoes") (:end . 296)\n (:start . 286) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 298) (:start . 297)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1_AA") (:form . "Transib1_AA") (:end . 309)\n (:start . 298) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 310) (:start . 309)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib2_AA") (:form . "Transib2_AA") (:end . 322)\n (:start . 311) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 323) (:start . 322)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib3_AA") (:form . "Transib3_AA") (:end . 335)\n (:start . 324) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 336) (:start . 335)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib4_AA") (:form . "Transib4_AA") (:end . 348)\n (:start . 337) (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 349) (:start . 348)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 353) (:start . 350)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib5_AA") (:form . "Transib5_AA") (:end . 365)\n (:start . 354) (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 370) (:start . 366)\n (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A.") (:form . "A.") (:end . 373) (:start . 371)\n (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aegypti") (:form . "aegypti") (:end . 381)\n (:start . 374) (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 382) (:start . 381)\n (:id . 108))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 386) (:start . 383)\n (:id . 109))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 390) (:start . 387)\n (:id . 110))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 397)\n (:start . 391) (:id . 111))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 399) (:start . 398)\n (:id . 112))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1_SP") (:form . "Transib1_SP") (:end . 410)\n (:start . 399) (:id . 113))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 411) (:start . 410)\n (:id . 114))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 412) (:start . 411)\n (:id . 115)))@@@1@74@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.75) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101815@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transib1_SP is the first Transib transposon identified outside of insect genomes.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1_SP") (:form . "Transib1_SP") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "outside") (:form . "outside") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insect") (:form . "insect") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.76) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101816@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A well-preserved 4132-bp Transib1_SP element (contig 7839, positions 376–4506) is flanked by a 5-bp CGGCG TSD, and it encodes a 676-aa TPase (two exons) that is most similar to the Transib2 TPase (34% identity).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "well-preserved") (:form . "well-preserved")\n (:end . 16) (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "4132-bp") (:form . "4132-bp") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1_SP") (:form . "Transib1_SP") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "element") (:form . "element") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contig") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "7839") (:form . "7839") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "376–4506") (:form . "376–4506") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanked") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "5-bp") (:form . "5-bp") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CGGCG") (:form . "CGGCG") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TSD") (:form . "TSD") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encodes") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "676-aa") (:form . "676-aa") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tpase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exons") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 157) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 176) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 180) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib2") (:form . "Transib2") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "34") (:form . "34") (:end . 199) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identity") (:form . "identity") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.77) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101817@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Based on the currently available sequence data, we also reconstructed portions of TPases that were missed in previous studies [17] (Materials and Methods; see Figure S2).@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "Based") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "currently") (:form . "currently") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "reconstruct") (:form . "reconstructed") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portions") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 88) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "miss") (:form . "missed") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "previous") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17") (:form . "17") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Material") (:form . "Materials") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 158) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "s2") (:form . "S2") (:end . 168) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.78) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101818@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using the Transib1_SP TPase as a query in TBLASTN searches against all GenBank sections (NR, HTGs, WGS, dbGSS, dbEST, dbSTS, and Trace Archives) we also found diverse Transib TPases in silkworm, red flour beetle, dog hookworm, freshwater flatworm, soybean rust, and hydra (Table S1).@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1_SP") (:form . "Transib1_SP") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "query") (:form . "query") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TBLASTN") (:form . "TBLASTN") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "section") (:form . "sections") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NR") (:form . "NR") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HTGs") (:form . "HTGs") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "WGS") (:form . "WGS") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dbgss") (:form . "dbGSS") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dbest") (:form . "dbEST") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dbsts") (:form . "dbSTS") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 128) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Trace") (:form . "Trace") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Archives") (:form . "Archives") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diverse") (:form . "diverse") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 184) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "silkworm") (:form . "silkworm") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 198) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "flour") (:form . "flour") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "beetle") (:form . "beetle") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dog") (:form . "dog") (:end . 216) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hookworm") (:form . "hookworm") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 217) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "freshwater") (:form . "freshwater") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "flatworm") (:form . "flatworm") (:end . 246)\n (:start . 238) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 247) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "soybean") (:form . "soybean") (:end . 255)\n (:start . 248) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rust") (:form . "rust") (:end . 260) (:start . 256)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 261) (:start . 260)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 265) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hydra") (:form . "hydra") (:end . 271)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 273) (:start . 272)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 278)\n (:start . 273) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S1") (:form . "S1") (:end . 281) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 282) (:start . 281)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 283) (:start . 282)\n (:id . 101)))@@@1@60@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.79) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101820@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The observed patchy distribution could be caused by horizontal transfers and extinctions of Transib transposons in eukaryotic species.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "patchy") (:form . "patchy") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cause") (:form . "caused") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "horizontal") (:form . "horizontal") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transfer") (:form . "transfers") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "extinction") (:form . "extinctions") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "eukaryotic") (:form . "eukaryotic") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.81.1) (:span 33 38)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.81.1) (:span 0 133)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.81) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101821@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Significance of Similarities between the Transib TPases and RAG1 Core@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "significance") (:form . "Significance") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "Similarities") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 55) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Core") (:form . "Core") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.82) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101822@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The first column lists all 18 Transib TPases used as queries in our analysis, and the shaded areas indicate those added to the original set of all GenBank proteins in subsequent PSI-BLAST searches.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "column") (:form . "column") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "list") (:form . "lists") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "18") (:form . "18") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 44) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "query") (:form . "queries") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "shaded") (:form . "shaded") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "area") (:form . "areas") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "add") (:form . "added") (:end . 119) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "original") (:form . "original") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 166) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "subsequent") (:form . "subsequent") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.83) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101823@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The original GenBank set included two incomplete Transib TPase-like proteins.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "original") (:form . "original") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "include") (:form . "included") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "incomplete") (:form . "incomplete") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tpase-like") (:form . "TPase-like") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.84) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101824@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Column 2 lists E-values of best matches between RAG1s and Transib TPases detected in BLASTP searches against the original GenBank set.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "column") (:form . "Column") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "list") (:form . "lists") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "e-value") (:form . "E-values") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "good") (:form . "best") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "match") (:form . "matches") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1s") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 72) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.85) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101825@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Column 3 reports Ei-values of best matches between RAG1s and a PSSM derived from the chosen query sequence and the two GenBank TPase-like proteins in PSI-BLAST searches against the original set of all GenBank proteins (see Materials and Methods).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "column") (:form . "Column") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reports") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "ei-value") (:form . "Ei-values") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "good") (:form . 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"see") (:end . 222) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Material") (:form . "Materials") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 223) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 236) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 244)\n (:start . 237) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 245) (:start . 244)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 246) (:start . 245)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.86) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101826@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Columns 4–6 report the Ei-values for best matches between RAG1s and a Transib-derived PSSM after adding 7, 13, and 18 Transib TPases to the GenBank set, respectively.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "column") (:form . "Columns") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . 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(:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.87) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101827@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The numbers of the PSI-BLAST iterations after which the entire RAG1 core significantly aligned with the TPases are indicated in parentheses.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "number") (:form . "numbers") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iteration") (:form . "iterations") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . 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"than") (:form . "than") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicated") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "dash") (:form . "dashes") (:end . 48) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.89) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101830@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Diversity of the Transib TPases and RAG1 Core–Like Proteins in Animals@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "diversity") (:form . "Diversity") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"protein") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "measure") (:form . "measured") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proportion") (:form . "proportion") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aa") (:form . "aa") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 99) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 131) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.93) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101833@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Its scale is shown by the horizontal bar.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "Its") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scale") (:form . "scale") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "horizontal") (:form . "horizontal") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bar") (:form . "bar") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.94) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101834@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Bootstrap values higher than 60% are reported at the corresponding nodes.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Bootstrap") (:form . "Bootstrap") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 23) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "60") (:form . "60") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "node") (:form . "nodes") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.95) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101835@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Species abbreviations are as follows: AA, yellow fever mosquito; AG, African malaria mosquito; BF, lancelet; CL, bull shark; DP, D. pseudoobscura fruit fly; FR, fugu fish; HM, hydra; HS, human; NV, starlet sea anemone; SP, sea urchin; XL, frog.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Species") (:form . "Species") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "abbreviation") (:form . "abbreviations")\n (:end . 21) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "follows") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aa") (:form . "AA") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "yellow") (:form . "yellow") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fever") (:form . "fever") (:end . 54) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AG") (:form . "AG") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "african") (:form . "African") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "malaria") (:form . "malaria") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BF") (:form . "BF") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CL") (:form . "CL") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bull") (:form . "bull") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shark") (:form . "shark") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DP") (:form . "DP") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 131) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pseudoobscura") (:form . "pseudoobscura")\n (:end . 145) (:start . 132) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 155) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FR") (:form . "FR") (:end . 159) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fugu") (:form . "fugu") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fish") (:form . "fish") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HM") (:form . "HM") (:end . 174) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hydra") (:form . "hydra") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HS") (:form . "HS") (:end . 185) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 192)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NV") (:form . "NV") (:end . 196) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "starlet") (:form . "starlet") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 209) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anemone") (:form . "anemone") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SP") (:form . "SP") (:end . 221) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 226) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "XL") (:form . "XL") (:end . 237) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 238) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frog") (:form . "frog") (:end . 243) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 244) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 103)))@@@1@62@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.96) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101836@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(Transib1 through Transib5 are from D. melanogaster fruit fly.)@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1") (:form . "Transib1") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 1) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transib5") (:form . "Transib5") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.97) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101837@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Common Structural Hallmarks of the Transib TPase and RAG1 Core@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "Common") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "structural") (:form . "Structural") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hallmark") (:form . "Hallmarks") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Core") (:form . "Core") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.98) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101838@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All three core residues from the catalytic DDE triad in the RAG1 proteins (residues 603, 711, and 965) that are necessary for V(D)J recombination [21,22] are conserved in the Transib TPases (Figures 3 and Figure S3).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dde") (:form . "DDE") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "triad") (:form . "triad") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "603") (:form . "603") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "711") (:form . "711") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "965") (:form . "965") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "necessary") (:form . "necessary") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 145) (:start . 132) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21,22") (:form . "21,22") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 170) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 174) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "figure") (:form . "Figures") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 204) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S3") (:form . "S3") (:end . 214) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.99) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101840@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, each catalytic residue is a part of a motif that is conserved in the Transib TPases and RAG1 (motifs 4, 6, and 10 in Figures 3 and Figure S3).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residue") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . "part") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 93) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "figure") (:form . "Figures") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S3") (:form . "S3") (:end . 150) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.101) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101841@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The RAG1 core is composed of the N-terminal region and the central and C-terminal domains ([26,27].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compose") (:form . "composed") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "central") (:form . "central") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "26,27") (:form . "26,27") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.102) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101842@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The N-terminal region includes the RSS nonamer-binding regions (residues 387–480), referred to as NBR [28,29].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "include") (:form . "includes") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonamer-binding") (:form . "nonamer-binding")\n (:end . 54) (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "387–480") (:form . "387–480") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "referred") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NBR") (:form . "NBR") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "28,29") (:form . "28,29") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.103) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101843@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The two terminal motifs of RAG1 NBR are conserved in the Transib TPases (Figure S3), which indicates that they may be important for their binding to the Transib TIRs during transposition (the RSS-like structure of TIRs is described below; Figure 4).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "terminal") (:form . "terminal") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NBR") (:form . "NBR") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 71) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S3") (:form . "S3") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 105) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 152) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TIR") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transposition")\n (:end . 186) (:start . 173) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 191) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rss-like") (:form . "RSS-like") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 213) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TIR") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 218) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 221) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 231)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "below") (:form . "below") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 232) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 238) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 245)\n (:start . 239) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 247) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 248) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 249) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.104.1) (:span 111 114))\n ((:id . :x6.104.2) (:span 91 105)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.104.1) (:span 111 237))\n ((:id . :x6.104.2) (:span 91 237)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.104) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101844@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The central domain of the RAG1 core (residues 531–763) includes two aspartic acid residues from the DDE triad and is also thought to be involved in binding to the RSS heptamer and RAG2 [30,31].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "central") (:form . "central") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "531–763") (:form . "531–763") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "include") (:form . "includes") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "aspartic") (:form . "aspartic") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acid") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DDE") (:form . "DDE") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "triad") (:form . "triad") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "think") (:form . "thought") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 135) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involved") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 158) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 162) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 166) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heptamer") (:form . "heptamer") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 179) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag2") (:form . "RAG2") (:end . 184) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "30,31") (:form . "30,31") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 192) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.105.1) (:span 122 129)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.105.1) (:span 114 184)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.105) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101845@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The C-terminal domain of RAG1 (residues 764–1011) is the portion of RAG1 that is most conserved between RAG1 and Transib TPases.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-terminal") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "764–1011") (:form . "764–1011") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portion") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 108) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.106) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101846@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition to the catalytic activity attributed to the last residue of the DDE triad, this domain has a strong nonspecific DNA-binding affinity because it binds to coding DNA upstream of the RSS heptamer, and is thought to be involved in RAG1 dimerization [26,27].@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "attribute") (:form . "attributed") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "last") (:form . "last") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residue") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DDE") (:form . "DDE") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "triad") (:form . "triad") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "strong") (:form . "strong") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonspecific") (:form . "nonspecific") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "dna-binding") (:form . "DNA-binding") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "affinity") (:form . "affinity") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 155) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binds") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "cod") (:form . "coding") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 175) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . "upstream") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 187) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 191) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 195) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heptamer") (:form . "heptamer") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 205) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 209) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 212) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "think") (:form . "thought") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 213) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 223) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 226) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involved") (:end . 235)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 238) (:start . 236)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 243) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dimerization") (:form . "dimerization") (:end . 256)\n (:start . 244) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 258) (:start . 257)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "26,27") (:form . "26,27") (:end . 263)\n (:start . 258) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 264) (:start . 263)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 265) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 90)))@@@1@49@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.107.1) (:span 213 220)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.107.1) (:span 210 256)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.107) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101847@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This domain is predicted to function analogously in Transib transposons.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "analogously") (:form . "analogously") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.108.1) (:span 15 24)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.108.1) (:span 0 71)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.108) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101848@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Several other motifs conserved in Transib TPases and RAG1 include aa residues that have been shown experimentally to be important for specific functions in V(D)J recombination (Figure S3).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "Several") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 48) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "include") (:form . "include") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aa") (:form . "aa") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "experimentally") (:form . "experimentally")\n (:end . 113) (:start . 99) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 155) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 175) (:start . 162) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S3") (:form . "S3") (:end . 186) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.109) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101850@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Among the most conserved motifs, motif 5 (see Figures 3 and Figure S3) is of particular interest because its function is not known yet but is expected to play a role both V(D)J recombination and Transib transposition.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "among") (:form . "Among") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "figure") (:form . "Figures") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S3") (:form . "S3") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "particular") (:form . "particular") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interest") (:form . "interest") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "yet") (:form . "yet") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 138) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 141) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "play") (:form . "play") (:end . 158) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 170) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 190) (:start . 177) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 194) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transposition")\n (:end . 216) (:start . 203) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.111.1) (:span 142 150))\n ((:id . :x6.111.2) (:span 121 130)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.111.1) (:span 139 216))\n ((:id . :x6.111.2) (:span 105 134)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.111) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101851@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In conjunction with detailed studies of the Transib superfamily, we also analyzed the remaining nine known superfamilies of DNA transposons defined by diverse TPases (see Table 1 in [24]).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conjunction") (:form . "conjunction") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "detailed") (:form . "detailed") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamily") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzed") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remaining") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "nine") (:form . "nine") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamilies")\n (:end . 120) (:start . 107) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 123) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "define") (:form . "defined") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 150) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diverse") (:form . "diverse") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 170) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 181) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "24") (:form . "24") (:end . 185) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.112) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101852@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Some of these TPases, including Mariner, Harbinger, P, and hAT, also contain the catalytic DDE triad [23].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "Some") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 20) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Mariner") (:form . "Mariner") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Harbinger") (:form . "Harbinger") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p") (:form . "P") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dde") (:form . "DDE") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "triad") (:form . "triad") (:end . 100) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "23") (:form . "23") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.113) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101853@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, based on PSI-BLAST searches, no significant similarities between these nine TPases and RAG1 protein were found (data not shown).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarities") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 79) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "nine") (:form . "nine") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 91) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.114.1) (:span 126 129))\n ((:id . :x6.114.2) (:span 38 40)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.114.1) (:span 120 136))\n ((:id . :x6.114.2) (:span 38 119)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.114) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101854@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, given that the only significant similarity of the RAG1 core was to the Transib TPase, the RAG1 core was re-confirmed as belonging to the Transib superfamily.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 105) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "re-confirme") (:form . "re-confirmed") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "belong") (:form . "belonging") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 147) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamily") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.115) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101855@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition to the statistically significant similarity between the approximately 600-aa RAG1 core and Transib TPases, there are two other lines of evidence suggesting evolution of the V(D)J machinery from Transib DNA transposons.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "statistically") (:form . "statistically")\n (:end . 32) (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 81) (:start . 68) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "600-aa") (:form . "600-aa") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 128) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evidence") (:form . "evidence") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggesting") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evolution") (:form . "evolution") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 180) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 184) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 190)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "machinery") (:form . "machinery") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 205) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 217) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 229)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 230) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.116.1) (:span 157 167)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.116.1) (:span 157 229)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.116) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101856@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They include the characteristic TSDs and structure of the TIRs discussed in the next two sections.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "include") (:form . "include") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "characteristic") (:form . "characteristic")\n (:end . 31) (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tsd") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "discuss") (:form . "discussed") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "next") (:form . "next") (:end . 84) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "section") (:form . "sections") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.117) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101857@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Multiple Alignment of Ten Conserved Motifs in the RAG1 Core Proteins and Transib TPases@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "Multiple") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "Alignment") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ten") (:form . "Ten") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "Conserved") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "Motifs") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Core") (:form . "Core") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Proteins") (:form . "Proteins") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.118) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101858@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The motifs are underlined and numbered from 1 to 10.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "underline") (:form . "underlined") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "numbered") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.119) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101860@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Distances between the motifs are indicated in numbers of aa residues.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "distance") (:form . "Distances") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicated") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "number") (:form . "numbers") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aa") (:form . "aa") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.121) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101861@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Black circles denote conserved residues that form the RAG1/Transib catalytic DDE triad.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "black") (:form . "Black") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "circle") (:form . "circles") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "denote") (:form . "denote") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1/Transib") (:form . "RAG1/Transib") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dde") (:form . "DDE") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "triad") (:form . "triad") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.122) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101862@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The RAG1 proteins are as follows: RAG1_XL (GenBank GI no. 2501723, Xenopus laevis, frog), RAG1_HS (4557841, Homo sapiens, human), RAG1_GG (131826, Gallus gallus, chicken), RAG1_CL (1470117, Carcharhinus leucas, bull shark), RAG1_FR (4426834, Fugu rubripes, fugu fish).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "follows") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1_XL") (:form . "RAG1_XL") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GI") (:form . "GI") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "no.") (:form . "no.") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2501723") (:form . "2501723") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Xenopus") (:form . "Xenopus") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "laevis") (:form . "laevis") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frog") (:form . "frog") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1_HS") (:form . "RAG1_HS") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4557841") (:form . "4557841") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Homo") (:form . "Homo") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sapien") (:form . "sapiens") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1_GG") (:form . "RAG1_GG") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "131826") (:form . "131826") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gallus") (:form . "Gallus") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gallus") (:form . "gallus") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chicken") (:form . "chicken") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1_CL") (:form . "RAG1_CL") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1470117") (:form . "1470117") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Carcharhinus") (:form . "Carcharhinus")\n (:end . 202) (:start . 190) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "leuca") (:form . "leucas") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bull") (:form . "bull") (:end . 215) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shark") (:form . "shark") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 216) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 223) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1_FR") (:form . "RAG1_FR") (:end . 231)\n (:start . 224) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 233) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4426834") (:form . "4426834") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 241) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Fugu") (:form . "Fugu") (:end . 246) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rubripe") (:form . "rubripes") (:end . 255)\n (:start . 247) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 256) (:start . 255)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fugu") (:form . "fugu") (:end . 261) (:start . 257)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fish") (:form . "fish") (:end . 266) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 267) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 268) (:start . 267)\n (:id . 103)))@@@1@62@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.123) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101863@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Coloring scheme [43] reflects physiochemical properties of amino acids: black shading marks hydrophobic residues, blue indicates charged (white font), positively charged (red font), and negatively charged (green font); red indicates proline (blue font) and glycine (green font); gray indicates aliphatic (red font) and aromatic (blue font); green indicates polar (black font) and amphoteric (red font); and yellow indicates tiny (blue font) and small (green font).@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "color") (:form . "Coloring") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scheme") (:form . "scheme") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "43") (:form . "43") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "reflect") (:form . "reflects") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "physiochemical") (:form . "physiochemical")\n (:end . 44) (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "property") (:form . "properties") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "amino") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "black") (:form . "black") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shading") (:form . "shading") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "mark") (:form . "marks") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hydrophobic") (:form . "hydrophobic") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "blue") (:form . "blue") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "charge") (:form . "charged") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "white") (:form . "white") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "font") (:form . "font") (:end . 148) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "positively") (:form . "positively") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "charge") (:form . "charged") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 174) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "font") (:form . "font") (:end . 179) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "negatively") (:form . "negatively") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "charge") (:form . "charged") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "green") (:form . "green") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "font") (:form . "font") (:end . 216) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 222) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 223) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proline") (:form . "proline") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 242) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "blue") (:form . "blue") (:end . 246) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "font") (:form . "font") (:end . 251) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 252) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 256) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "glycine") (:form . "glycine") (:end . 264)\n (:start . 257) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 266) (:start . 265)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "green") (:form . "green") (:end . 271)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "font") (:form . "font") (:end . 276) (:start . 272)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 277) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 278) (:start . 277)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gray") (:form . "gray") (:end . 283) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 293)\n (:start . 284) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "aliphatic") (:form . "aliphatic") (:end . 303)\n (:start . 294) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 305) (:start . 304)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 308) (:start . 305)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "font") (:form . "font") (:end . 313) (:start . 309)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 314) (:start . 313)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 318) (:start . 315)\n (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "aromatic") (:form . "aromatic") (:end . 327)\n (:start . 319) (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 329) (:start . 328)\n (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "blue") (:form . "blue") (:end . 333) (:start . 329)\n (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "font") (:form . "font") (:end . 338) (:start . 334)\n (:id . 108))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 339) (:start . 338)\n (:id . 109))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 340) (:start . 339)\n (:id . 110))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "green") (:form . "green") (:end . 346)\n (:start . 341) (:id . 111))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 356)\n (:start . 347) (:id . 112))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "polar") (:form . "polar") (:end . 362)\n (:start . 357) (:id . 113))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 364) (:start . 363)\n (:id . 114))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "black") (:form . "black") (:end . 369)\n (:start . 364) (:id . 115))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "font") (:form . "font") (:end . 374) (:start . 370)\n (:id . 116))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 375) (:start . 374)\n (:id . 117))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 379) (:start . 376)\n (:id . 118))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "amphoteric") (:form . "amphoteric") (:end . 390)\n (:start . 380) (:id . 119))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 392) (:start . 391)\n (:id . 120))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 395) (:start . 392)\n (:id . 121))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "font") (:form . "font") (:end . 400) (:start . 396)\n (:id . 122))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 401) (:start . 400)\n (:id . 123))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 402) (:start . 401)\n (:id . 124))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 406) (:start . 403)\n (:id . 125))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "yellow") (:form . "yellow") (:end . 413)\n (:start . 407) (:id . 126))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 423)\n (:start . 414) (:id . 127))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tiny") (:form . "tiny") (:end . 428) (:start . 424)\n (:id . 128))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 430) (:start . 429)\n (:id . 129))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "blue") (:form . "blue") (:end . 434) (:start . 430)\n (:id . 130))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "font") (:form . "font") (:end . 439) (:start . 435)\n (:id . 131))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 440) (:start . 439)\n (:id . 132))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 444) (:start . 441)\n (:id . 133))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "small") (:form . "small") (:end . 450)\n (:start . 445) (:id . 134))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 452) (:start . 451)\n (:id . 135))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "green") (:form . "green") (:end . 457)\n (:start . 452) (:id . 136))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "font") (:form . "font") (:end . 462) (:start . 458)\n (:id . 137))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 463) (:start . 462)\n (:id . 138))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 464) (:start . 463)\n (:id . 139)))@@@1@98@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.124) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101864@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The species abbreviations for the Transib transposons are as follows: AA, yellow fever mosquito; AG, African malaria mosquito; DP, D. pseudoobscura fruit fly.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "species") (:form . "species") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "abbreviation") (:form . "abbreviations")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "follows") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aa") (:form . "AA") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "yellow") (:form . "yellow") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fever") (:form . "fever") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AG") (:form . "AG") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "african") (:form . "African") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "malaria") (:form . "malaria") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DP") (:form . "DP") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 133) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pseudoobscura") (:form . "pseudoobscura")\n (:end . 147) (:start . 134) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.125) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101865@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(Transib1 through Transib5 are from the fruitfly D. melanogaster.)@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1") (:form . "Transib1") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 1) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transib5") (:form . "Transib5") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "fruitfly") (:form . "fruitfly") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.126) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101866@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Structural Similarities between the Transib TIRs and V(D)J RSS Signals@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "structural") (:form . "Structural") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "Similarities") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TIR") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Signal") (:form . "Signals") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.127) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101867@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The species abbreviations are: AA, yellow fever mosquito; AG, African malaria mosquito; DM, D. melanogaster fruit fly DP, D. pseudoobscura fruit fly; SP, sea urchin.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "species") (:form . "species") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "abbreviation") (:form . "abbreviations")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aa") (:form . "AA") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "yellow") (:form . "yellow") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fever") (:form . "fever") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AG") (:form . "AG") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "african") (:form . "African") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "malaria") (:form . "malaria") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DM") (:form . "DM") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster")\n (:end . 107) (:start . 95) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DP") (:form . "DP") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pseudoobscura") (:form . "pseudoobscura")\n (:end . 138) (:start . 125) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 148) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SP") (:form . "SP") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.128) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101868@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(Transib1 through Transib5 are from the fruit fly D. melanogaster.)@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib1") (:form . "Transib1") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 1) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transib5") (:form . "Transib5") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.129) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101870@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The RSS23 consensus sequence is shown immediately under the TIRs consensus sequence.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss23") (:form . "RSS23") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "immediately") (:form . "immediately") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "under") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TIR") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.131) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101871@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The most conserved nucleotides in the RSS23 heptamer and nonamer, which are necessary for efficient V(D)J recombination, are highlighted.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "nucleotide") (:form . "nucleotides") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss23") (:form . "RSS23") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heptamer") (:form . "heptamer") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nonamer") (:form . "nonamer") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "necessary") (:form . "necessary") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "efficient") (:form . "efficient") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 119) (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "highlight") (:form . "highlighted") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.132) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101872@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The 23 ± 1 bp variable spacer is marked by Ns.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "23") (:form . "23") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "±") (:form . "±") (:end . 8) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bp") (:form . "bp") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "variable") (:form . "variable") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "spacer") (:form . "spacer") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mark") (:form . "marked") (:end . 39) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N") (:form . "Ns") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.133) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101873@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(B) Non-gapped alignment of consensus sequences of 5? TIRs from 21 families of Transib transposons.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-gapped") (:form . "Non-gapped") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.134) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101874@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(C) The 12/23 rule follows from the basic structure of TIRs of the consensus sequences of transposons that belong to the Transib5, Transib2_AG, TransibN1_AG, TransibN2_AG, and TransibN3_AG families.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "12/23") (:form . "12/23") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "follows") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "basic") (:form . "basic") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "belong") (:form . "belong") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib5") (:form . "Transib5") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib2_AG") (:form . "Transib2_AG") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.135) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101875@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The 5? TIRs of these transposons are aligned with the corresponding 3? TIRs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "align") (:form . "aligned") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.136) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101876@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Structures of the 5? and 3? TIRs resemble RSS12 and RSS23, respectively.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Structure") (:form . "Structures") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "TIR") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "resemble") (:form . "resemble") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss12") (:form . "RSS12") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS23") (:form . "RSS23") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.137) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101877@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Similar Length of TSDs and Target Site Composition in Transib and RAG1/2-Mediated Transpositions@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "Similar") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Length") (:form . "Length") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TSD") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "target") (:form . "Target") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Site") (:form . "Site") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Composition") (:form . "Composition") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1/2-mediated") (:form . "RAG1/2-Mediated")\n (:end . 81) (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Transposition") (:form . "Transpositions")\n (:end . 96) (:start . 82) (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.138) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101878@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It has been known that RAG1-mediated transposition in vitro, both intermolecular and intramolecular, is most frequently accompanied by 5-bp TSDs [12,13].@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-mediated") (:form . "RAG1-mediated")\n (:end . 36) (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transposition")\n (:end . 50) (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vitro") (:form . "vitro") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intermolecular") (:form . "intermolecular")\n (:end . 80) (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intramolecular") (:form . "intramolecular")\n (:end . 99) (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 108) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "frequently") (:form . "frequently") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "accompany") (:form . "accompanied") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "5-bp") (:form . "5-bp") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tsd") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 144) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "12,13") (:form . "12,13") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.139) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101880@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Also, 69% of 36 TSDs recovered during RAG-mediated intramolecular transpositions were 5 bp in length; of the remaining ones, 28% were 4 bp and 3% were 3 bp long.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "Also") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "69") (:form . "69") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 9) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "36") (:form . "36") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tsd") (:form . 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"length") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remaining") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "one") (:form . "ones") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "28") (:form . "28") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bp") (:form . "bp") (:end . 138) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 150) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bp") (:form . "bp") (:end . 155) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "long") (:form . "long") (:end . 160) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.141) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101881@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In another study [13], six of six TSDs detected in the intermolecular transposition were 5 bp long.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "13") (:form . "13") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "six") (:form . "six") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "six") (:form . "six") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tsd") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intermolecular") (:form . "intermolecular")\n (:end . 69) (:start . 55) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transposition")\n (:end . 83) (:start . 70) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bp") (:form . "bp") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "long") (:form . "long") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.142) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101882@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Intramolecular transposition mediated by murine RAG1/2 proteins was also studied recently in vivo in yeast [14].@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intramolecular") (:form . "Intramolecular")\n (:end . 14) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transposition")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 15) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mediate") (:form . "mediated") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "murine") (:form . "murine") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1/2") (:form . "RAG1/2") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studied") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vivo") (:form . "vivo") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yeast") (:form . "yeast") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "14") (:form . "14") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.143) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101883@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Again, 60% of TSDs recovered in 26 events were 5 bp long [14].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "again") (:form . "Again") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "60") (:form . "60") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tsd") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "recover") (:form . "recovered") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "26") (:form . "26") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "event") (:form . "events") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bp") (:form . "bp") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "long") (:form . "long") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "14") (:form . "14") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.144) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101884@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Given the predominance of 5-bp TSDs, it is striking that Transib transposons belong to the only superfamily of eukaryotic DNA transposons with 5-bp TSDs generated upon insertions into the genome [17,24].@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "Given") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "predominance") (:form . "predominance") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "5-bp") (:form . "5-bp") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tsd") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 36) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "striking") (:form . "striking") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "belong") (:form . "belong") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamily") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "eukaryotic") (:form . "eukaryotic") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "5-bp") (:form . "5-bp") (:end . 147) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tsd") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generated") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "upon") (:form . "upon") (:end . 167) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . "insertions") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 183) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 187) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17,24") (:form . "17,24") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.145) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101885@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To illustrate the characteristic 5-bp TSDs, we show copies of Transib transposons with intact 5? and 3? TIRs from diverse families of Transib transposons present in the D. melanogaster, D. pseudoobscura, A. gambiae, and S. purpuratus genomes (Figure S4).@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "illustrate") (:form . "illustrate") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "characteristic") (:form . "characteristic")\n (:end . 32) (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "5-bp") (:form . "5-bp") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tsd") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "copy") (:form . "copies") (:end . 58) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intact") (:form . "intact") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 108) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diverse") (:form . "diverse") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 133) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 168) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 171) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster")\n (:end . 184) (:start . 172) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 188) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "pseudoobscura") (:form . "pseudoobscura")\n (:end . 202) (:start . 189) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A.") (:form . "A.") (:end . 206) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "gambiae") (:form . "gambiae") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 219) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 222) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "purpuratus") (:form . "purpuratus") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 223) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 241)\n (:start . 234) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 243) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 249)\n (:start . 243) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S4") (:form . "S4") (:end . 252) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 253) (:start . 252)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 254) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.146) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101886@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Moreover, some families show high target site specificity, e.g., Transib-N1_AG and Transib-N2_AG integrate preferentially at cCASTGg and cCAWTGc, respectively (TSDs are capitalized).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "moreover") (:form . "Moreover") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "target") (:form . "target") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "specificity") (:form . "specificity") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.g.") (:form . "e.g.") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib-N1_AG") (:form . "Transib-N1_AG")\n (:end . 78) (:start . 65) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib-N2_AG") (:form . "Transib-N2_AG")\n (:end . 96) (:start . 83) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "integrate") (:form . "integrate") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "preferentially") (:form . "preferentially")\n (:end . 121) (:start . 107) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ccastgg") (:form . "cCASTGg") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ccawtgc") (:form . "cCAWTGc") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tsd") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 164) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 168) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "capitalize") (:form . "capitalized") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.147) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101887@unknown@formal@none@1@S@RAG1/2-mediated transpositions also show significant target specificity, presumably reflecting the original specificity of the Transib TPase [12].@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1/2-mediated") (:form . "RAG1/2-mediated")\n (:end . 15) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transpositions")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 16) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "target") (:form . "target") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "specificity") (:form . "specificity") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "presumably") (:form . "presumably") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "reflect") (:form . "reflecting") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "original") (:form . "original") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "specificity") (:form . "specificity") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "12") (:form . "12") (:end . 144) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.148.1) (:span 73 83)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.148.1) (:span 73 140)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.148) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101888@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Indigenous properties of the Transib TPase, that were not related directly to RAG1 functions, including those responsible for the precise 5-bp length of TSDs, might have been altered during evolution of RAG1, leading to occasional 4-bp and 3-bp TSDs that are atypical for Transib transposons.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "indigenous") (:form . "Indigenous") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "property") (:form . "properties") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "relate") (:form . "related") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "directly") (:form . "directly") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "responsible") (:form . "responsible") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "precise") (:form . "precise") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "5-bp") (:form . "5-bp") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TSD") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 157) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 169) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 174) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "alter") (:form . "altered") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evolution") (:form . "evolution") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 202) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 207) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "lead") (:form . "leading") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 219) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "occasional") (:form . "occasional") (:end . 230)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "4-bp") (:form . "4-bp") (:end . 235) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 239) (:start . 236)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "3-bp") (:form . "3-bp") (:end . 244) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tsd") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 249) (:start . 245)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 254) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 258) (:start . 255)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "atypical") (:form . "atypical") (:end . 267)\n (:start . 259) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 271) (:start . 268)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 279)\n (:start . 272) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 291)\n (:start . 280) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 292) (:start . 291)\n (:id . 91)))@@@1@50@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.149.2) (:span 159 164)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x6.149.1) (:span 54 57)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.149.2) (:span 0 207)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.149.1) (:span 54 157)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.149) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101890@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Structure of Transib TIRs@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "Structure") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "TIR") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.151) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101891@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The structure and conservation patterns of the 38-bp termini of Transib transposons from 21 different families closely resemble those of RSSs, suggesting that the latter were derived from termini of ancient Transib transposons (Figures 4 and S4).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pattern") (:form . "patterns") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "38-bp") (:form . "38-bp") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "termini") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "closely") (:form . "closely") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "resemble") (:form . "resemble") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSSs") (:end . 141) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggesting") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 158) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 162) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "latter") (:form . "latter") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 174) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 187) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "termini") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 198) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ancient") (:form . "ancient") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 215) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 228) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "figure") (:form . "Figures") (:end . 235)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 237) (:start . 236)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 241) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "s4") (:form . "S4") (:end . 244) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 245) (:start . 244)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 246) (:start . 245)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.152.1) (:span 143 153)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.152.1) (:span 143 226)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.152) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101892@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The 38-bp consensus TIR of Transib transposons consists of a conserved 5?- CACAATG heptamer separated by a variable 23-bp spacer from an AAAAAAATC-3? nonamer.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "38-bp") (:form . "38-bp") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIR") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "consist") (:form . "consists") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5?-") (:form . "5?-") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cacaatg") (:form . "CACAATG") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heptamer") (:form . "heptamer") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separated") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "variable") (:form . "variable") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "23-bp") (:form . "23-bp") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "spacer") (:form . "spacer") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 133) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aaaaaaatc-3") (:form . "AAAAAAATC-3") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 149) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nonamer") (:form . "nonamer") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.153) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101893@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This corresponds closely to the structure of RSSs, which are composed of the conserved heptamers 5?- CACAGTG separated by a variable 22-bp spacers from ACAAAAACC-like nonamers [1,5–7].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponds") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "closely") (:form . "closely") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSSs") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compose") (:form . "composed") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "heptamer") (:form . "heptamers") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5?-") (:form . "5?-") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cacagtg") (:form . "CACAGTG") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separated") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "variable") (:form . "variable") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "22-bp") (:form . "22-bp") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "spacer") (:form . "spacers") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 151) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "acaaaaacc-like") (:form . "ACAAAAACC-like")\n (:end . 166) (:start . 152) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "nonamer") (:form . "nonamers") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1,5–7") (:form . "1,5–7") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.154) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101894@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Only bases at positions 1 through 3 in the heptamer and at positions 5 and 6 in the nonamer are universally conserved in RSSs and absolutely essential for efficient V(D)J recombination [5–7].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "Only") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "base") (:form . "bases") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heptamer") (:form . "heptamer") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nonamer") (:form . "nonamer") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "universally") (:form . "universally") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSSs") (:end . 125) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "absolutely") (:form . "absolutely") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "essential") (:form . "essential") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 154) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "efficient") (:form . "efficient") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 184) (:start . 171) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5–7") (:form . "5–7") (:end . 189) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.155) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101895@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The corresponding positions are perfectly conserved in all Transib transposons (Figure 4A and 4B; excluding the 85% conserved position 34 in the Transib consensus that corresponds to position 5 in the RSS nonamer).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "corresponding") (:form . "corresponding")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "perfectly") (:form . "perfectly") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "4a") (:form . "4A") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "4b") (:form . "4B") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excluding") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "85") (:form . "85") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "34") (:form . "34") (:end . 137) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 167) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponds") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 182) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 196) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 200) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 204) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nonamer") (:form . "nonamer") (:end . 212)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.156) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101896@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The probability of the observed match between the RSS and Transib termini to occur by chance is less than 10-3 (see Materials and Methods).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "probability") (:form . "probability") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "match") (:form . "match") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "termini") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occur") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chance") (:form . "chance") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "less") (:form . "less") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 105) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-3") (:form . "10-3") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Material") (:form . "Materials") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.157) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101897@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although most Transib families are represented by transposons flanked by TIRs similar to RSS23 (Figure 4A), several families include transposons with 5? and 3? termini similar to RSS12 and RSS23, respectively (Figure 4C).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represented") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanked") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS23") (:form . "RSS23") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "4a") (:form . "4A") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "include") (:form . "include") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 149) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 156) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "termini") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 178) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss12") (:form . "RSS12") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 188) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS23") (:form . "RSS23") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "4c") (:form . "4C") (:end . 219) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 220) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 221) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.158) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101898@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, even the 12/23 rule [1] can be derived directly from the sequence structure of known Transib transposons.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "even") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "12/23") (:form . "12/23") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rule") (:form . "rule") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "directly") (:form . "directly") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "known") (:form . "known") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.159) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101900@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using RAG1 proteins as query sequences in a WU BLAST search against sea urchin contigs sequenced at Baylor College (see Materials and Methods), we identified eight proteins approximately 30% identical to portions of the RAG1 core and approximately 50% identical to each other (see Figures 2, 5, and S5).@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "query") (:form . "query") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "WU") (:form . "WU") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contigs") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequenced") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Baylor") (:form . "Baylor") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "College") (:form . "College") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Material") (:form . "Materials") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "eight") (:form . "eight") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 186) (:start . 173) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "30") (:form . "30") (:end . 189) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 203) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portions") (:end . 212)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 215) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 219) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 224) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 229) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 233) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 247) (:start . 234) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "50") (:form . "50") (:end . 250) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 251) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 252) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 264) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 269) (:start . 265)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 275)\n (:start . 270) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 277) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 280) (:start . 277)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "figure") (:form . "Figures") (:end . 288)\n (:start . 281) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 290) (:start . 289)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 291) (:start . 290)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 293) (:start . 292)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 294) (:start . 293)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 298) (:start . 295)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "s5") (:form . "S5") (:end . 301) (:start . 299)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 302) (:start . 301)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 303) (:start . 302)\n (:id . 100)))@@@1@59@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.161) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101901@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Only one protein is present in two copies, which are 94% identical to each other at the DNA level (contigs 81987 and 6797).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "Only") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "copy") (:form . "copies") (:end . 41) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "94") (:form . "94") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contigs") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "81987") (:form . "81987") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6797") (:form . "6797") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.162) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101902@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both copies appear to be encoded by pseudogenes damaged by a stop codon at the same position of each protein.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "copy") (:form . "copies") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appear") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pseudogene") (:form . "pseudogenes") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "damage") (:form . "damaged") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codon") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.163.1) (:span 12 18)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.163.1) (:span 0 108)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.163) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101903@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interestingly, the 6,690-bp contig 6797 harbours two additional defective pseudogenes coding for different RAG1 core–like proteins (Figure 5).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "interestingly") (:form . "Interestingly")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6,690-bp") (:form . "6,690-bp") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contig") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6797") (:form . "6797") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "harbour") (:form . "harbours") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "additional") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "defective") (:form . "defective") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pseudogene") (:form . "pseudogenes") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "cod") (:form . "coding") (:end . 92) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.164) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101904@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also identified a 597-aa protein sequence encoded by a single open reading frame (contig 29068, positions 1157–2944), which is 28% identical to nearly the entire RAG1 core (positions 461–1002 in the human RAG1, Figure S5).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "597-aa") (:form . "597-aa") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "open") (:form . "open") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reading") (:form . "reading") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frame") (:form . "frame") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contig") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "29068") (:form . "29068") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1157–2944") (:form . "1157–2944") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "28") (:form . "28") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "nearly") (:form . "nearly") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "entire") (:form . "entire") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 169) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 174) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "461–1002") (:form . "461–1002") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 197) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 201) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 212) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S5") (:form . "S5") (:end . 223) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 224) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.165) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101905@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Extensive analysis of the flanks failed to show any hallmarks of putative transposons that might be associated with this RAG1-like protein, and we did not find any evidence indicating that other RAG1 core–like proteins are encoded by transposable elements (Figure 5).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "extensive") (:form . "Extensive") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanks") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "fail") (:form . "failed") (:end . 39) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hallmark") (:form . "hallmarks") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "putative") (:form . "putative") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 96) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associated") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 115) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-like") (:form . "RAG1-like") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "do") (:form . "did") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 154) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "find") (:form . "find") (:end . 159) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evidence") (:form . "evidence") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicating") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 188) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 199) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 222) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 230)\n (:start . 223) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 233) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transposable") (:form . "transposable") (:end . 246)\n (:start . 234) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 255)\n (:start . 247) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 257) (:start . 256)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 263)\n (:start . 257) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 265) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 266) (:start . 265)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 267) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.166.1) (:span 173 188)) ((:id . :x6.166.3) (:span 91 96))\n ((:id . :x6.166.4) (:span 65 73)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x6.166.2) (:span 151 154))\n ((:id . :x6.166.5) (:span 33 39)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.166.1) (:span 173 255))\n ((:id . :x6.166.3) (:span 86 138)) ((:id . :x6.166.4) (:span 65 138)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.166.2) (:span 151 255))\n ((:id . :x6.166.5) (:span 33 138)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.166) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101906@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using FGENESH [33], we detected that the RAG1 core–like open reading frame (ORF) in the contig 29068 forms a terminal exon (positions 1154–2947) of an incomplete hypothetical gene composed of two exons (internal and terminal; see Figure S6).@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FGENESH") (:form . "FGENESH") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "33") (:form . "33") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "open") (:form . "open") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reading") (:form . "reading") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frame") (:form . "frame") (:end . 74) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ORF") (:form . "ORF") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contig") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "29068") (:form . "29068") (:end . 100) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "form") (:form . "forms") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "terminal") (:form . "terminal") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exon") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1154–2947") (:form . "1154–2947") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 150) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "incomplete") (:form . "incomplete") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hypothetical") (:form . "hypothetical") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 179) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compose") (:form . "composed") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 191) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 195) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exons") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "internal") (:form . "internal") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 215) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "terminal") (:form . "terminal") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 216) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 229) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 236)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S6") (:form . "S6") (:end . 239) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 240) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 241) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 90)))@@@1@49@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.167) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101907@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The 3? terminal portion of the internal exon encodes a protein sequence that appears to be marginally similar to an approximately 50-aa fragment of the RAG1 core (positions 394–454 in human RAG1; Figure S5).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 5) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "terminal") (:form . "terminal") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portion") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "internal") (:form . "internal") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exon") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encodes") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "marginally") (:form . "marginally") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 129) (:start . 116) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "50-aa") (:form . "50-aa") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fragment") (:form . "fragment") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 151) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 156) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 161) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "394–454") (:form . "394–454") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 183) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 194) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S5") (:form . "S5") (:end . 205) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.168.1) (:span 77 84)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.168.1) (:span 72 194)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.168) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101908@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The RAG1 core–like protein in whole genome shotgun (WGS) contig 12509 (Figure 5) also seems to be encoded by the last exon starting at position 1650 of a hypothetical RAG1-like gene.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "whole") (:form . "whole") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shotgun") (:form . "shotgun") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "WGS") (:form . "WGS") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contig") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "12509") (:form . "12509") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 85) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "seem") (:form . "seems") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "last") (:form . "last") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exon") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "start") (:form . "starting") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1650") (:form . "1650") (:end . 148) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hypothetical") (:form . "hypothetical") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-like") (:form . "RAG1-like") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 181) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.169.1) (:span 154 166))\n ((:id . :x6.169.2) (:span 86 91)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.169.1) (:span 154 181))\n ((:id . :x6.169.2) (:span 0 181)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.169) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101910@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Remarkably, the acceptor splice site positions in the sea urchin RAG1 core–like proteins closely correspond to those in RAG1 from teleosts (i.e., most of the living ray-finned or bony fish), in which RAG1 is split by an intron at position homologous to Gly460 in human RAG1 [34].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "remarkably") (:form . "Remarkably") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "acceptor") (:form . "acceptor") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "splice") (:form . "splice") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "closely") (:form . "closely") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "correspond") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "those") (:form . "those") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "teleost") (:form . "teleosts") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "i.e.") (:form . "i.e.") (:end . 144) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 150) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 157) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "living") (:form . "living") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ray-finned") (:form . "ray-finned") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 178) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "bony") (:form . "bony") (:end . 183) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fish") (:form . "fish") (:end . 188) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 193) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 204) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 207) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "split") (:form . "split") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 216) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 219) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "intron") (:form . "intron") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 229) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homologous") (:form . "homologous") (:end . 249)\n (:start . 239) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 252) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gly460") (:form . "Gly460") (:end . 259)\n (:start . 253) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 262) (:start . 260)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 268)\n (:start . 263) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 273) (:start . 269)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 275) (:start . 274)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "34") (:form . "34") (:end . 277) (:start . 275)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 278) (:start . 277)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 279) (:start . 278)\n (:id . 96)))@@@1@55@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.171) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101911@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Using the same RAG1 query sequences in a TBLASTN search against WGS trace sequences from the lancelet (Branchiostoma floridae) genome recently sequenced at the Joint Genome Institute (see Materials and Methods), we found that the lancelet genome encodes protein sequences approximately 35% identical to the RAG1 core (Figure S5; RAG1L_BF; BLASTP E-value is equal to 10-34).@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "Using") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "query") (:form . "query") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TBLASTN") (:form . "TBLASTN") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "WGS") (:form . "WGS") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "trace") (:form . "trace") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "branchiostoma") (:form . "Branchiostoma")\n (:end . 116) (:start . 103) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "floridae") (:form . "floridae") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 126) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequenced") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 155) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 159) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Joint") (:form . "Joint") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Genome") (:form . "Genome") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Institute") (:form . "Institute") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 187) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Material") (:form . "Materials") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 201) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 214) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 215) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 225) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 229) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 245)\n (:start . 239) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encodes") (:end . 253)\n (:start . 246) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 254) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 271)\n (:start . 262) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 285) (:start . 272) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "35") (:form . "35") (:end . 288) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 289) (:start . 288)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 299)\n (:start . 290) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 302) (:start . 300)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 306) (:start . 303)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 311) (:start . 307)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 316) (:start . 312)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 318) (:start . 317)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 324)\n (:start . 318) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S5") (:form . "S5") (:end . 327) (:start . 325)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 328) (:start . 327)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1L_BF") (:form . "RAG1L_BF") (:end . 337)\n (:start . 329) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 338) (:start . 337)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTP") (:form . "BLASTP") (:end . 345)\n (:start . 339) (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E-value") (:form . "E-value") (:end . 353)\n (:start . 346) (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 356) (:start . 354)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "equal") (:form . "equal") (:end . 362)\n (:start . 357) (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 365) (:start . 363)\n (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-34") (:form . "10-34") (:end . 371)\n (:start . 366) (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 372) (:start . 371)\n (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 373) (:start . 372)\n (:id . 108)))@@@1@67@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.172) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101912@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Again, as in the case of the sea urchin sequences, the lancelet RAG1 core–like elements show no hallmarks of transposons (data not shown).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "again") (:form . "Again") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hallmark") (:form . "hallmarks") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 130) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.173.1) (:span 127 130))\n ((:id . :x6.173.2) (:span 93 95)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.173.1) (:span 121 137))\n ((:id . :x6.173.2) (:span 93 120)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.173) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101913@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, unlike highly conserved RAG1 proteins, the RAG1 core–like proteins are remarkably diverse (see Figure 2).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "unlike") (:form . "unlike") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "remarkably") (:form . "remarkably") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diverse") (:form . "diverse") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.174) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101914@unknown@formal@none@1@S@During the second review of the manuscript of this article, we were kindly informed by Dr.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "During") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "review") (:form . "review") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "manuscript") (:form . "manuscript") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "article") (:form . "article") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "kindly") (:form . "kindly") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "inform") (:form . "informed") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dr") (:form . "Dr") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.175) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101915@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Hervé Philippe of a RAG1 core–like sequence present the starlet sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hervé") (:form . "Hervé") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Philippe") (:form . "Philippe") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "starlet") (:form . "starlet") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anemone") (:form . "anemone") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Nematostella") (:form . "Nematostella") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "vectensis") (:form . "vectensis") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.176) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101916@unknown@formal@none@1@S@After that, we screened all available Trace Archives (Materials and Methods) and detected additional RAG1-like proteins.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "After") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "screen") (:form . "screened") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Trace") (:form . "Trace") (:end . 43) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Archives") (:form . "Archives") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Material") (:form . "Materials") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "additional") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-like") (:form . "RAG1-like") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.177) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101917@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In starlet sea anemone, several approximately 1000-bp WGS trace sequences were found (e.g., GenBank Trace Archive IDs 668021618, 558173651, 568641192, and 599572062), which encode protein, called RAG1L_NV, that is approximately 30% identical to the human RAG1 core (positions 284–802, TBLASTN, 10-26 < E < 10-7).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "starlet") (:form . "starlet") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anemone") (:form . "anemone") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 45) (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "1000-bp") (:form . "1000-bp") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "wgs") (:form . "WGS") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "trace") (:form . "trace") (:end . 63) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "e.g.") (:form . "e.g.") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Trace") (:form . "Trace") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Archive") (:form . "Archive") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IDs") (:form . "IDs") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "668021618") (:form . "668021618") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "558173651") (:form . "558173651") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "568641192") (:form . "568641192") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 154) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "599572062") (:form . "599572062") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encode") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "call") (:form . "called") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1L_NV") (:form . "RAG1L_NV") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 205) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 210) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 213) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 227) (:start . 214) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "30") (:form . "30") (:end . 230) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 231) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 241)\n (:start . 232) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 244) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 248) (:start . 245)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 254)\n (:start . 249) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 259) (:start . 255)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 264) (:start . 260)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 266) (:start . 265)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 275)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "284–802") (:form . "284–802") (:end . 283)\n (:start . 276) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 284) (:start . 283)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TBLASTN") (:form . "TBLASTN") (:end . 292)\n (:start . 285) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 293) (:start . 292)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-26") (:form . "10-26") (:end . 299)\n (:start . 294) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 301) (:start . 300)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e") (:form . "E") (:end . 303) (:start . 302)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 305) (:start . 304)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-7") (:form . "10-7") (:end . 310) (:start . 306)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 311) (:start . 310)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 312) (:start . 311)\n (:id . 102)))@@@1@61@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.178) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101918@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also found several approximately 1000-bp WGS trace sequences of Hydra magnipapillata (Trace Archive IDs 688654311, 647073738, 666995387, 687186526, 688683890, and 688948453), coding for protein sequences 26%-30% identical to the RAG1 core (positions 753-995, E-value is approximately equal to 10-7 in a BLASTX search against GenBank).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 35) (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "1000-bp") (:form . "1000-bp") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "wgs") (:form . "WGS") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "trace") (:form . "trace") (:end . 53) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hydra") (:form . "Hydra") (:end . 72) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "magnipapillata") (:form . "magnipapillata")\n (:end . 87) (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Trace") (:form . "Trace") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Archive") (:form . "Archive") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "IDs") (:form . "IDs") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "688654311") (:form . "688654311") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "647073738") (:form . "647073738") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "666995387") (:form . "666995387") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "687186526") (:form . "687186526") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "688683890") (:form . "688683890") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "688948453") (:form . "688948453") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "cod") (:form . "coding") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 188) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "26%-30") (:form . "26%-30") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 215) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 227) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 231) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 236) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 241) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 243) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 252)\n (:start . 243) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "753-995") (:form . "753-995") (:end . 260)\n (:start . 253) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 261) (:start . 260)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E-value") (:form . "E-value") (:end . 269)\n (:start . 262) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 272) (:start . 270)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 286) (:start . 273) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "equal") (:form . "equal") (:end . 292)\n (:start . 287) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 295) (:start . 293)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-7") (:form . "10-7") (:end . 300) (:start . 296)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 303) (:start . 301)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 305) (:start . 304)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTX") (:form . "BLASTX") (:end . 312)\n (:start . 306) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 319)\n (:start . 313) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 327)\n (:start . 320) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 335)\n (:start . 328) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 336) (:start . 335)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 337) (:start . 336)\n (:id . 100)))@@@1@59@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.179) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101920@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Remarkably, the hydra RAG1L_NM protein turned out to be significantly similar to the Transib TPase (26% identity; E-value is approximately equal to 10-14 in a BLASTX search against GenBank proteins combined with the Transib TPase sequences).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "remarkably") (:form . "Remarkably") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hydra") (:form . "hydra") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1L_NM") (:form . "RAG1L_NM") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "turn") (:form . "turned") (:end . 45) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RP") (:stem . "out") (:form . "out") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 69) (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "26") (:form . "26") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identity") (:form . "identity") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E-value") (:form . "E-value") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 138) (:start . 125) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "equal") (:form . "equal") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-14") (:form . "10-14") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 156) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTX") (:form . "BLASTX") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 211) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 215) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 223)\n (:start . 216) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 229)\n (:start . 224) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 239)\n (:start . 230) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 240) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 241) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.181) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101921@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, the hydra RAG1 core–like protein provides the first direct link between the RAG1 core and Transib TPase.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hydra") (:form . "hydra") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provides") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "direct") (:form . "direct") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "link") (:form . "link") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.182) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101922@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Schematic Structure of the Sea Urchin RAG1-Like Sequences@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "schematic") (:form . "Schematic") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Structure") (:form . "Structure") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sea") (:form . "Sea") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Urchin") (:form . "Urchin") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1-Like") (:form . "RAG1-Like") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sequence") (:form . "Sequences") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.183) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101923@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Contig accession numbers are shown in the left column.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Contig") (:form . "Contig") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accession") (:form . "accession") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "number") (:form . "numbers") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "left") (:form . "left") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "column") (:form . "column") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.184) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101924@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Inverted complement contigs are marked by “c” followed by the contig number.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "invert") (:form . "Inverted") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complement") (:form . "complement") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contigs") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mark") (:form . "marked") (:end . 38) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "“") (:form . "“") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c") (:form . "c") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "”") (:form . "”") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "followed") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contig") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.185) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101925@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In each contig, RAG1-like proteins (white rectangle) are schematically aligned with the human RAG1 core (top rectangle).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contig") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-like") (:form . "RAG1-like") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 36) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "white") (:form . "white") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rectangle") (:form . "rectangle") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "schematically") (:form . "schematically")\n (:end . 70) (:start . 57) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "align") (:form . "aligned") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "top") (:form . "top") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rectangle") (:form . "rectangle") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.186) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101926@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Nucleotide positions of the RAG1-like sequences are shown beneath the white rectangles.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nucleotide") (:form . "Nucleotide") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-like") (:form . "RAG1-like") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "beneath") (:form . "beneath") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "white") (:form . "white") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rectangle") (:form . "rectangles") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.187) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101927@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Three pairs of recently duplicated sequences (nucleotide identity is higher than 95%) are underlined by red, green, and black lines, respectively.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "Three") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pair") (:form . "pairs") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "duplicate") (:form . "duplicated") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nucleotide") (:form . "nucleotide") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identity") (:form . "identity") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 68) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "high") (:form . "higher") (:end . 75) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "95") (:form . "95") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "underline") (:form . "underlined") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "green") (:form . "green") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "black") (:form . "black") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.188) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101928@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transposable and repetitive elements detected in the flanking regions are marked by painted rectangles.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transposable") (:form . "Transposable") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "repetitive") (:form . "repetitive") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "flanking") (:form . "flanking") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mark") (:form . "marked") (:end . 80) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "paint") (:form . "painted") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rectangle") (:form . "rectangles") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.189) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101930@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Asterisks denote stop codons in the corresponding RAG1-like sequences.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Asterisk") (:form . "Asterisks") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "denote") (:form . "denote") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . "stop") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "codon") (:form . "codons") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-like") (:form . "RAG1-like") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.191) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101931@unknown@formal@none@1@S@BLASTP E-values characterizing similarities between the sea urchin and RAG1 proteins are shown above the white rectangles.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTP") (:form . "BLASTP") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E-value") (:form . "E-values") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterizing")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarities") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 100) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "white") (:form . "white") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rectangle") (:form . "rectangles") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.192) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101932@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Multiple alignment of these protein sequences is reported in Figure S5.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "Multiple") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S5") (:form . "S5") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.193) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101933@unknown@formal@none@1@S@N-Terminal–Like Domain of RAG1 in the Sea Urchin, Lancelet, Starlet Sea Anemone, and Hydra Genomes@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N-Terminal–Like") (:form . "N-Terminal–Like")\n (:end . 15) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Domain") (:form . "Domain") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sea") (:form . "Sea") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Urchin") (:form . "Urchin") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Lancelet") (:form . "Lancelet") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Starlet") (:form . "Starlet") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sea") (:form . "Sea") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Anemone") (:form . "Anemone") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hydra") (:form . "Hydra") (:end . 90) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Genome") (:form . "Genomes") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.194) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101934@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A separate analysis of the assembled sea urchin sequences yielded seven sequences encoding three diverse proteins that were significantly similar to the 380-aa N-terminal domain of RAG1 (BLASTX, E < 10-4), excluding the 100-aa N-terminus (Figure 6).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separate") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "assemble") (:form . "assembled") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "yield") (:form . "yielded") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "seven") (:form . "seven") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoding") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 96) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diverse") (:form . "diverse") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 137) (:start . 124) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 152) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "380-aa") (:form . "380-aa") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 180) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 185) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTX") (:form . "BLASTX") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E") (:form . "E") (:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-4") (:form . "10-4") (:end . 203) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 205) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excluding") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 219) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "100-aa") (:form . "100-aa") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N-terminus") (:form . "N-terminus") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 239) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 245)\n (:start . 239) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 247) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 248) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 249) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.195) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101935@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The first 305-aa protein is encoded by contig 1226, and its recently duplicated copies are on contigs 1219 and 1222 (approximately 95% identical to each other at the protein level).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "305-aa") (:form . "305-aa") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contig") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1226") (:form . "1226") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "duplicate") (:form . "duplicated") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "copy") (:form . "copies") (:end . 86) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contigs") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1219") (:form . "1219") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1222") (:form . "1222") (:end . 115) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 130) (:start . 117) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "95") (:form . "95") (:end . 133) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 161) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.196) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101936@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The second, 195-aa protein (contig 83099) is the shortest.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "195-aa") (:form . "195-aa") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contig") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "83099") (:form . "83099") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shortest") (:form . "shortest") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.197) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101937@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is only approximately 26% identical to the first protein and more than 90% identical at the DNA level to its duplicate on contig 86231.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 24) (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "26") (:form . "26") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "90") (:form . "90") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "duplicate") (:form . "duplicate") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contig") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "86231") (:form . "86231") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.198) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101938@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also found a third protein on contig 768 that contains unique motifs in its N-terminal regions that best match the homologous regions of RAG1.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third") (:form . "third") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contig") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "768") (:form . "768") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unique") (:form . "unique") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "good") (:form . "best") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "match") (:form . "match") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homologous") (:form . "homologous") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 144) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.199) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101940@unknown@formal@none@1@S@By analyzing the lancelet WGS traces, we also found that the lancelet genome encodes five different proteins similar to the N-terminal domain of RAG1 (BLASTP E values in searches against all GenBank proteins were in a range of 10-14–10-7).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "By") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzing") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "wgs") (:form . "WGS") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "trace") (:form . "traces") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encodes") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "five") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 144) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 149) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTP") (:form . "BLASTP") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E") (:form . "E") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 169) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 190) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 212) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 215) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "range") (:form . "range") (:end . 223)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 226) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-14–10-7") (:form . "10-14–10-7") (:end . 237)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 238) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 239) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.201) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101941@unknown@formal@none@1@S@DNA sequences coding for these proteins, P1_BF through P5_BF, were manually assembled from overlapping WGS sequences (data available upon request).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "cod") (:form . "coding") (:end . 20) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 30) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 40) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P1_BF") (:form . "P1_BF") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P5_BF") (:form . "P5_BF") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "manually") (:form . "manually") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "assemble") (:form . "assembled") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlapping") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "WGS") (:form . "WGS") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "upon") (:form . "upon") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "request") (:form . "request") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.202) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101942@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The proteins detected in the sea urchin and lancelet genome share a ring finger motif as well as two novel motifs matching the N-terminal RAG1 domain (Figure 6) and remotely resembling C-x2-C zinc finger motifs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "share") (:form . "share") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "ring") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "novel") (:form . "novel") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "match") (:form . "matching") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 164) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "remotely") (:form . "remotely") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "resemble") (:form . "resembling") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C-x2-C") (:form . "C-x2-C") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "zinc") (:form . "zinc") (:end . 196) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.203) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101943@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The new conserved motifs are H-x3-L-x3-C-R-x-C-G and D-x3-I-h-P-x2-F-C-x2-C, and their function remains to be determined.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H-x3-L-x3-C-R-x-C-G")\n (:form . "H-x3-L-x3-C-R-x-C-G") (:end . 48) (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D-x3-I-h-P-x2-F-C-x2-C")\n (:form . "D-x3-I-h-P-x2-F-C-x2-C") (:end . 75) (:start . 53) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remains") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 109) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "determine") (:form . "determined") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.204.1) (:span 96 120)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.204.1) (:span 81 120)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.204) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101944@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is thought that the ring finger motif of RAG1 functions as a zinc-binding domain, is involved in dimerization [30,35], and acts as an E3 ligase in the ubiquitylation [36].@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "think") (:form . "thought") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "ring") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "zinc-binding") (:form . "zinc-binding") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involved") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dimerization") (:form . "dimerization") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "30,35") (:form . "30,35") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "act") (:form . "acts") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 133) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e3") (:form . "E3") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ligase") (:form . "ligase") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 153) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ubiquitylation") (:form . "ubiquitylation")\n (:end . 168) (:start . 154) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "36") (:form . "36") (:end . 172) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.205.1) (:span 6 13)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.205.1) (:span 6 168)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.205) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101945@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It also likely that the N-terminal RAG1 and RAG1-like proteins share an additional conserved motif W-x-p-h-x(3–6)-C-x2-C that resides between conserved motif 2 and the ring finger (Figure 6).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-like") (:form . "RAG1-like") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "share") (:form . "share") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "additional") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "W-x-p-h-x(3–6)-C-x2-C")\n (:form . "W-x-p-h-x(3–6)-C-x2-C") (:end . 120) (:start . 99) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 125) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "reside") (:form . "resides") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "ring") (:end . 172) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.206.1) (:span 8 14)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.206.1) (:span 8 179)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.206) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101946@unknown@formal@none@1@S@None of the sea urchin and lancelet proteins align to the approximately 100-aa N-terminus of RAG1, which may indicate that this portion is missing from the genome or highly diverged and difficult to detect.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "none") (:form . "None") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "align") (:form . "align") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 71) (:start . 58) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "100-aa") (:form . "100-aa") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "n-terminus") (:form . "N-terminus") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 97) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portion") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 138) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "miss") (:form . "missing") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 151) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 155) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 165) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diverged") (:form . "diverged") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "difficult") (:form . "difficult") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 198) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detect") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.207.1) (:span 163 165))\n ((:id . :x6.207.2) (:span 109 122)) ((:id . :x6.207.3) (:span 105 108)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.207.1) (:span 139 205))\n ((:id . :x6.207.2) (:span 109 205)) ((:id . :x6.207.3) (:span 105 205)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.207) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101947@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is also worth noting that this portion corresponds to a separate exon in some teleosts (see Discussion).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "worth") (:form . "worth") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "note") (:form . "noting") (:end . 23) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portion") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponds") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separate") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exon") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "teleost") (:form . "teleosts") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Discussion") (:form . "Discussion") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.208) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101948@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ring finger motif itself is also present in several sea urchin proteins unrelated to RAG1 but significantly similar to diverse proteins associated with immune and developmental systems as well as regulation of transcription.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "ring") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "itself") (:form . "itself") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unrelated") (:form . "unrelated") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 111) (:start . 98) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diverse") (:form . "diverse") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associated") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 155) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "immune") (:form . "immune") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 166) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "developmental") (:form . "developmental")\n (:end . 180) (:start . 167) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "system") (:form . "systems") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 191) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 196) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 199) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "regulation") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 213) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 227) (:start . 214) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 228) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.209) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101950@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Even without the finger, the remaining portions of the sea urchin sequences were significantly similar to the corresponding portions of RAG1.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "Even") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remaining") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portions") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 80) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 94) (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 109) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portions") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 135) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 140) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.211.1) (:span 5 12)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.211.1) (:span 5 23)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.211) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101951@unknown@formal@none@1@S@BLASTP E-values were 9×10-9, 7×10-5, and 10-3 for the P5_SP, P4_SP, and 768_SP sequences, respectively; because both the low-complexity filter and composition-based statistics were applied, the corresponding E-values were estimated very conservatively.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTP") (:form . "BLASTP") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E-value") (:form . "E-values") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "9×10-9") (:form . "9×10-9") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "7×10-5") (:form . "7×10-5") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 36) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-3") (:form . "10-3") (:end . 45) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P5_SP") (:form . "P5_SP") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P4_SP") (:form . "P4_SP") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "768_sp") (:form . "768_SP") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "low-complexity") (:form . "low-complexity")\n (:end . 135) (:start . 121) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filter") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "composition-based") (:form . "composition-based")\n (:end . 164) (:start . 147) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistics") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 180) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "apply") (:form . "applied") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 193) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "e-value") (:form . "E-values") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 221) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 231)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "very") (:form . "very") (:end . 236) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "conservatively") (:form . "conservatively")\n (:end . 251) (:start . 237) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 252) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.212) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101952@unknown@formal@none@1@S@BLASTP searches of the sea urchin sequences against all GenBank proteins, excluding RAG1, detected only the ring finger domain of the sea urchin sequences.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTP") (:form . "BLASTP") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excluding") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "ring") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 137) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.213.1) (:span 74 83)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.213.1) (:span 74 88)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.213) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101953@unknown@formal@none@1@S@E-values of these matches were much higher than the E-values of similarities to the RAG1 proteins (SP_768: 0.04 versus 7×10-7; SP_86231: 3·10-4 versus 7×10-7; SP_1226: 10-4 versus 2×10-7; P4_SP: 10 versus 2×10-7; P5_SP does not have ring finger and matches RAG1 only, E-value == 9×10-7).@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "e-value") (:form . 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"similarity") (:form . "similarities") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 88) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SP_768") (:form . "SP_768") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.04") (:form . "0.04") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "versus") (:form . "versus") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "7×10-7") (:form . 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"CC") (:stem . "versus") (:form . "versus") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2×10-7") (:form . "2×10-7") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P4_SP") (:form . "P4_SP") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 197) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "versus") (:form . "versus") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2×10-7") (:form . "2×10-7") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P5_SP") (:form . "P5_SP") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 213) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 223) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 227) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 232) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "ring") (:end . 237) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 244)\n (:start . 238) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 248) (:start . 245)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "match") (:form . "matches") (:end . 256)\n (:start . 249) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 261) (:start . 257)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 266) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 267) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E-value") (:form . "E-value") (:end . 275)\n (:start . 268) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "==") (:form . "==") (:end . 278) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "9×10-7") (:form . "9×10-7") (:end . 285)\n (:start . 279) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 286) (:start . 285)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 287) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 98)))@@@1@57@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.214.1) (:span 224 227)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.214.1) (:span 224 244)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.214) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101954@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Based on the same approach, our study found that the starlet sea anemone and hydra genomes also encode several families of the N-terminal RAG1 domain that appear to be separate from the RAG1 core–like proteins (data not shown).@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "Based") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . 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"sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anemone") (:form . "anemone") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hydra") (:form . "hydra") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encode") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 154) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appear") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 164) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separate") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 181) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 190) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 219) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.215.2) (:span 155 161)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x6.215.1) (:span 216 219)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.215.2) (:span 150 209)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.215.1) (:span 216 226)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.215) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101955@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The only exception was the already mentioned sea anemone RAG1 core–like sequence.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "exception") (:form . "exception") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "already") (:form . "already") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mention") (:form . "mentioned") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anemone") (:form . "anemone") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.216) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101956@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The approximately 90-aa N-terminus of the latter sequence is the ring finger (E < 10-7, multiple BLASTP matches against known ring fingers in GenBank).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "90-aa") (:form . "90-aa") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "n-terminus") (:form . "N-terminus") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "latter") (:form . "latter") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "ring") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E") (:form . "E") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-7") (:form . "10-7") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTP") (:form . "BLASTP") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "match") (:form . "matches") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "ring") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "fingers") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 141) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.217) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101957@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Multiple Alignment of the RAG1 N-Terminal Domain and Sea Urchin Protein Sequences@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "Multiple") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "Alignment") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N-Terminal") (:form . "N-Terminal") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Domain") (:form . "Domain") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sea") (:form . "Sea") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Urchin") (:form . "Urchin") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Protein") (:form . "Protein") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sequences") (:form . "Sequences") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.218) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101958@unknown@formal@none@1@S@RAG1_HS, RAG1_PD, RAG1_SS, RAG1_RM, and RAG1_LM mark the human (GenBank accession number NP_000439), lungfish (AAS75810), pig (BAC54968), stripe-sided rhabdornis or Rhabdornis mysticalis bird (AAQ76078), and latimeria (AAS75807) proteins, respectively.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1_HS") (:form . 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(:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.221) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101961@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Three conserved motifs are underlined and numbered.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "Three") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "underline") (:form . "underlined") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "numbered") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.222) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101962@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The third conserved motif is known as the ring finger.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third") (:form . "third") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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".") (:end . 354) (:start . 353)\n (:id . 97)))@@@1@56@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.226) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101966@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Previously, the “RAG transposon” hypothesis was open to challenge by alternative models of convergent evolution.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "Previously") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "“") (:form . "“") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "RAG") (:form . "RAG") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "”") (:form . "”") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.228.2) (:span 64 70)) ((:id . :x6.228.3) (:span 55 60)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x6.228.1) (:span 133 144))\n ((:id . :x6.228.4) (:span 19 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.228.2) (:span 64 182))\n ((:id . :x6.228.3) (:span 55 182)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.228.1) (:span 133 182))\n ((:id . :x6.228.4) (:span 19 50)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.228) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101968@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These arguments can now be put to rest.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "argument") (:form . "arguments") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "now") (:form . "now") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . 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",") (:form . ",") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "decrease") (:form . "decreased") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 180) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 194) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.231.1) (:span 55 61)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.231.1) (:span 55 208)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.231) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101971@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Afterwards, the RAG1 genes continued to evolve at a slow and steady pace under stabilizing selection, as indicated by the observed conservation of the RAG1 core (79% identity between sharks and mammals).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "afterwards") (:form . "Afterwards") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.232) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101972@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Some of the intermediate stages of RAG1 evolution can be inferred from analysis of the sea urchin in which RAG1-like proteins were recently observed [37], and from analysis of the lancelet, starlet sea anemone, and hydra genomes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "Some") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "intermediate") (:form . "intermediate") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "stage") (:form . 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(:end . 229) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.233.1) (:span 57 65)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.233.1) (:span 0 228)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.233) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101973@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Based on the presence of stop codons disrupting some of the RAG1-like sequences, it has been suggested [37] that the sea urchin sequences represent remnants of transposable elements.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "Based") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stop") (:form . 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"VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggested") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "37") (:form . "37") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represent") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "remnant") (:form . "remnants") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 159) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transposable") (:form . "transposable") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.234.1) (:span 93 102)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.234.1) (:span 93 181)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.234) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101974@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Typically, TPase-coding autonomous DNA transposons are present in only a few complete copies per genome.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "typically") (:form . "Typically") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "tpase-coding") (:form . "TPase-coding") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "autonomous") (:form . "autonomous") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "few") (:form . "few") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complete") (:form . "complete") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "copy") (:form . "copies") (:end . 92) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "per") (:form . "per") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.235) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101975@unknown@formal@none@1@S@At the same time, sequences homologous to their terminal portions, including specific TIRs, are usually abundant due to the proliferation of nonautonomous DNA transposons fueled by the TPase expressed by the corresponding low-copy autonomous elements.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "At") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "time") (:form . "time") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homologous") (:form . "homologous") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "terminal") (:form . "terminal") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portions") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "usually") (:form . "usually") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "abundant") (:form . "abundant") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "due") (:form . "due") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proliferation") (:form . "proliferation")\n (:end . 137) (:start . 124) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonautonomous") (:form . "nonautonomous")\n (:end . 154) (:start . 141) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 158) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "fuel") (:form . "fueled") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 180) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 184) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tpase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 190)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressed") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 203) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low-copy") (:form . "low-copy") (:end . 230)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "autonomous") (:form . "autonomous") (:end . 241)\n (:start . 231) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 250)\n (:start . 242) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 251) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.236) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101976@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, even if only 30% of the sea urchin genome has been sequenced to date, it is expected that the regions flanking the TPase portions of potential autonomous elements should be similar to numerous nonautonomous elements.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "even") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "30") (:form . "30") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 27) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 61) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequenced") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "date") (:form . "date") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanking") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tpase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portions") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "potential") (:form . "potential") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "autonomous") (:form . "autonomous") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "should") (:form . "should") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 183) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 194) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "numerous") (:form . "numerous") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonautonomous") (:form . "nonautonomous")\n (:end . 217) (:start . 204) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.237.1) (:span 174 180))\n ((:id . :x6.237.2) (:span 87 95)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.237.1) (:span 174 226))\n ((:id . :x6.237.2) (:span 87 226)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.237) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101977@unknown@formal@none@1@S@So far, we have found no evidence of such similarities.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "So") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "far") (:form . "far") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evidence") (:form . "evidence") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarities") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.238.1) (:span 22 24)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.238.1) (:span 22 54)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.238) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101978@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Detailed analysis of regions flanking the sea urchin RAG1-like DNA coding sequences revealed a variety of different transposable elements inserted in the proximity of the coding sequences (see Figure 5).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "detailed") (:form . "Detailed") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanking") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-like") (:form . "RAG1-like") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coding") (:form . "coding") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "reveal") (:form . "revealed") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "variety") (:form . "variety") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transposable") (:form . "transposable") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "insert") (:form . "inserted") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 153) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "proximity") (:form . "proximity") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 166) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 170) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "cod") (:form . "coding") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 192) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.239) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101980@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also could not identify the 5-bp TSDs and TIRs characteristic of the Transib superfamily.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identify") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "5-bp") (:form . "5-bp") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "TSD") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "TIR") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "characteristic") (:form . "characteristic")\n (:end . 64) (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamily") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.241.1) (:span 14 17)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.241.1) (:span 14 91)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.241) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101981@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Still, given that only one third of the sea urchin genome is currently assembled as a set of contigs longer than several thousand nucleotides (the remaining portion is represented by short WGS sequences), we cannot rule out the possibility that the sea urchin RAG1-like proteins are remnants of an unknown branch of Transib transposons.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "still") (:form . "Still") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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"of") (:end . 315) (:start . 313)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 323)\n (:start . 316) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 335)\n (:start . 324) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 336) (:start . 335)\n (:id . 100)))@@@1@59@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.242.1) (:span 208 239)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.242.1) (:span 208 335)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.242) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101982@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Given that the genomes of lancelet, hydra, and starlet sea anemone are currently available only as unassembled WGS traces, the question whether the corresponding RAG1-like sequences are remnants of transposons or genes/pseudogenes must be left open.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "Given") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"the") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "question") (:form . "question") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 147) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-like") (:form . "RAG1-like") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 185) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "remnant") (:form . "remnants") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 197) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . 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(:end . 249) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.243.1) (:span 136 143))\n ((:id . :x6.243.2) (:span 127 135 231 248)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.243.1) (:span 136 230))\n ((:id . :x6.243.2) (:span 127 248)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.243) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101983@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The alternative possibility is that the sea urchin RAG1 core–like sequences represent diverse genes and pseudogenes that belong to a rapidly evolving multigene family.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "alternative") (:form . "alternative") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibility") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represent") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "diverse") (:form . "diverse") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 99) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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(:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.244.1) (:span 16 27)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.244.1) (:span 16 166)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.244) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101984@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This opens the tantalizing possibility that the RAG1 core was recruited from a Transib TPase in a common ancestor of Bilaterians and Cnidarians, and subsequently lost in nematodes, insects, and sea squirts (see Figure 1).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "open") (:form . "opens") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "tantalize") (:form . "tantalizing") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . 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"subsequently") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "lose") (:form . "lost") (:end . 166) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 169) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "nematode") (:form . "nematodes") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "insect") (:form . "insects") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 193) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 197) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "squirt") (:form . "squirts") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 210) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 220) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 221) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.245.1) (:span 27 38)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.245.1) (:span 27 205)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.245) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101985@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, given that the sea urchin, lancelet, hydra, and starlet sea anemone genomes harbor several highly divergent N-terminal–like domains, separate from the RAG1 core–like sequences and known transposable elements, it is very likely that the N-terminal–like domains of RAG1 also form a multigene family that can be traced back to a common ancestor of Deuterostomes (see Figure 1).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hydra") (:form . "hydra") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "starlet") (:form . "starlet") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anemone") (:form . "anemone") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "harbor") (:form . "harbor") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "highly") (:form . "highly") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "divergent") (:form . "divergent") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal–like") (:form . "N-terminal–like")\n (:end . 136) (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separate") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 159) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 168) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 192) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transposable") (:form . "transposable") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 212) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 221) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 224) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 227) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "very") (:form . "very") (:end . 232) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 239)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 244) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 248) (:start . 245)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal–like") (:form . "N-terminal–like")\n (:end . 264) (:start . 249) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 272)\n (:start . 265) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 275) (:start . 273)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 280) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 285) (:start . 281)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 290) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 292) (:start . 291)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multigene") (:form . "multigene") (:end . 302)\n (:start . 293) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 309)\n (:start . 303) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 314) (:start . 310)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 318) (:start . 315)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 321) (:start . 319)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "trace") (:form . "traced") (:end . 328)\n (:start . 322) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "back") (:form . "back") (:end . 333) (:start . 329)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 336) (:start . 334)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 338) (:start . 337)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 345)\n (:start . 339) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ancestor") (:form . "ancestor") (:end . 354)\n (:start . 346) (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 357) (:start . 355)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Deuterostome") (:form . "Deuterostomes")\n (:end . 371) (:start . 358) (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 373) (:start . 372)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 376) (:start . 373)\n (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 383)\n (:start . 377) (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 385) (:start . 384)\n (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 386) (:start . 385)\n (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 387) (:start . 386)\n (:id . 108)))@@@1@67@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.246.1) (:span 233 239)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.246.1) (:span 233 371)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.246) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101986@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If so, then both N-terminal and core domains of RAG1 might have been derived from different genes present in a common ancestor of Deuterostomes.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "so") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 31) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 58) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 81) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ancestor") (:form . "ancestor") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 129) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Deuterostome") (:form . "Deuterostomes")\n (:end . 143) (:start . 130) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.247.1) (:span 53 58)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.247.1) (:span 12 143)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.247) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101987@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Alternatively, the N-terminal domain of RAG1 might have been derived from a separate, unknown transposon.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "alternatively") (:form . "Alternatively")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "derive") (:form . "derived") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separate") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unknown") (:form . "unknown") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.248.1) (:span 45 50)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.248.1) (:span 15 104)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.248) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101988@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The N-terminal domain of RAG1 has long been viewed as distinct from the core domain due to its lack of direct involvement in the V(D)J recombination reaction.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "long") (:form . "long") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "view") (:form . "viewed") (:end . 50) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "distinct") (:form . "distinct") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 76) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "due") (:form . "due") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lack") (:form . "lack") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "direct") (:form . "direct") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "involvement") (:form . "involvement") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 128) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 148) (:start . 135) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reaction") (:form . "reaction") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.249.1) (:span 95 99)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.249.1) (:span 95 157)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.249) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101990@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The only notable exception is the anemone RAG1 core–like protein sequence, which is capped by the 90-aa ring finger motif.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "notable") (:form . "notable") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "exception") (:form . "exception") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anemone") (:form . "anemone") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cap") (:form . "capped") (:end . 90) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "90-aa") (:form . "90-aa") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "ring") (:end . 108) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "finger") (:form . "finger") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.251) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101991@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Taken together with the fact that only the RAG1 core is significantly similar to Transib TPase, the data suggest that the vertebrate RAG1 represents a fusion of once separate proteins.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "take") (:form . "Taken") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "together") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fact") (:form . "fact") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "significantly")\n (:end . 69) (:start . 56) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "vertebrate") (:form . "vertebrate") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represents") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fusion") (:form . "fusion") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "once") (:form . "once") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separate") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.252.1) (:span 105 112)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.252.1) (:span 105 183)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.252) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101992@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is consistent with the observation that in teleosts, (bony fish) the RAG1 gene is divided into exons by either one or two introns.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "consistent") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observation") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "teleost") (:form . "teleosts") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "bony") (:form . "bony") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fish") (:form . "fish") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "divide") (:form . "divided") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exons") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "intron") (:form . "introns") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.253.1) (:span 109 115 120 122)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.253.1) (:span 109 126)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.253) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101993@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As a result, the RAG1 core is split into separate exons at the aa position that corresponds to position 460 in the human RAG1gene [29,34,38].@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 4) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "split") (:form . "split") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separate") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exons") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aa") (:form . "aa") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponds") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "460") (:form . "460") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1gene") (:form . "RAG1gene") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "29,34,38") (:form . "29,34,38") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.254) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101994@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The core-like sequences encoded by the sea urchin WGS sequence contigs 29068 and 12509 correspond to either the second or third RAG1 exon in teleosts (depending on the number of introns), which is remarkably consistent with the fusion model.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core-like") (:form . "core-like") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "wgs") (:form . "WGS") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "contig") (:form . "contigs") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "29068") (:form . "29068") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "12509") (:form . "12509") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "correspond") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "either") (:form . "either") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third") (:form . "third") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 132) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exon") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "teleost") (:form . "teleosts") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "depend") (:form . "depending") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 163) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 177) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "intron") (:form . "introns") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 188) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 196) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "remarkably") (:form . "remarkably") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "consistent") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 223) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 227) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fusion") (:form . "fusion") (:end . 234)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 235) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 241) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.255.1) (:span 101 107 119 121)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.255.1) (:span 101 127)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.255) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101995@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The same model predicts that the N-terminal domain of RAG1 could also be assembled from two separate domains based on the presence of the second intron in some teleosts, splitting the N-terminal domain into the 102-aa N-terminal subdomain and the rest [34].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "model") (:form . "model") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicts") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 58) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "assemble") (:form . "assembled") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separate") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domains") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 121) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 133) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 137) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "intron") (:form . "intron") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 154) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 159) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "teleost") (:form . "teleosts") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "split") (:form . "splitting") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 183) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 206) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 210) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "102-aa") (:form . "102-aa") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 228)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subdomain") (:form . "subdomain") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 229) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 242) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 246) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rest") (:form . "rest") (:end . 251) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 253) (:start . 252)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "34") (:form . "34") (:end . 255) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 256) (:start . 255)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 257) (:start . 256)\n (:id . 87)))@@@1@46@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.256.1) (:span 59 64)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.256.1) (:span 29 251)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.256) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101996@unknown@formal@none@1@S@As indicated above, this subdomain, corresponding to the first exon in the genes split by two introns, appears to be missing in the sea urchin, lancelet, hydra, and starlet sea anemone N-terminal–like proteins.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "As") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicated") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "above") (:form . "above") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 19) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subdomain") (:form . "subdomain") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exon") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "split") (:form . "split") (:end . 86) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "intron") (:form . "introns") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 116) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "miss") (:form . "missing") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 135) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 136) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hydra") (:form . "hydra") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 164) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "starlet") (:form . "starlet") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 176) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anemone") (:form . "anemone") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal–like") (:form . "N-terminal–like")\n (:end . 200) (:start . 185) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 210) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.257.1) (:span 103 110)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.257.1) (:span 20 209)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.257) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101997@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It may be encoded by a separate exon that is difficult to detect given its short length and the high level of sequence divergence between these species and vertebrates, or it might have been added in vertebrates.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separate") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exon") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "difficult") (:form . "difficult") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detect") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 70) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "short") (:form . "short") (:end . 80) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "length") (:form . "length") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 109) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "divergence") (:form . "divergence") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "specie") (:form . "species") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 155) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "vertebrate") (:form . "vertebrates") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 171) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 174) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 185) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 190) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "add") (:form . "added") (:end . 196) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 199) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "vertebrate") (:form . "vertebrates") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.258.1) (:span 175 180))\n ((:id . :x6.258.3) (:span 169 171)) ((:id . :x6.258.2) (:span 3 6)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.258.1) (:span 172 211))\n ((:id . :x6.258.3) (:span 0 167)) ((:id . :x6.258.2) (:span 0 211)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.258) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5101998@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Similarly, the RAG1 core–like protein in the sea urchin genome is shorter in its N-terminal part than the core domain in vertebrates and the corresponding Transib TPase.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "similarly") (:form . "Similarly") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "core–like") (:form . "core–like") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "short") (:form . "shorter") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "n-terminal") (:form . "N-terminal") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . "part") (:end . 96) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 105) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "vertebrate") (:form . "vertebrates") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.259) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102000@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is currently believed that both RAG1 and RAG2 proteins were originally encoded by the same transposon recruited in a common ancestor of jawed vertebrates [3,12,13,16].@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "currently") (:form . "currently") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "believe") (:form . "believed") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag2") (:form . "RAG2") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 62) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "originally") (:form . "originally") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "recruit") (:form . "recruited") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 119) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "common") (:form . "common") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ancestor") (:form . "ancestor") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 138) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "jaw") (:form . "jawed") (:end . 144) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "vertebrate") (:form . "vertebrates") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3,12,13,16") (:form . "3,12,13,16") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.261.1) (:span 16 24)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.261.1) (:span 16 156)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.261) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102001@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, none of the Transib transposons identified so far encode any proteins other than the Transib/RAG TPase.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "none") (:form . "none") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "so") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "far") (:form . "far") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encode") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib/RAG") (:form . "Transib/RAG") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.262.1) (:span 9 13)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.262.1) (:span 9 111)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.262) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102002@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Also, we could not find any RAG2-like sequences in the recently sequenced sea urchin, lancelet, hydra, and sea anemone genomes, which encode RAG1-like sequences.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "Also") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "find") (:form . "find") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag2-like") (:form . "RAG2-like") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequenced") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hydra") (:form . "hydra") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anemone") (:form . "anemone") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encode") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-like") (:form . "RAG1-like") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.263.1) (:span 15 18)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.263.1) (:span 15 160)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.263) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102003@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Autonomous DNA transposons from the MuDR, Harbinger, and En/Spm superfamilies are each known to encode a second regulatory protein [23,24], whereas some transposons from these superfamilies encode the TPase only.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "autonomous") (:form . "Autonomous") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MuDR") (:form . "MuDR") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Harbinger") (:form . "Harbinger") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "En/Spm") (:form . "En/Spm") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamilies") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encode") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "23,24") (:form . "23,24") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whereas") (:form . "whereas") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 169) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamilies")\n (:end . 189) (:start . 176) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encode") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 200) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tpase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 211) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.264) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102004@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, it is in principle possible that an ancient vertebrate Transib that was a direct ancestor of the RAG1 core also encoded a second protein, the direct ancestor of RAG2.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "principle") (:form . "principle") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ancient") (:form . "ancient") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "vertebrate") (:form . "vertebrate") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "direct") (:form . "direct") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ancestor") (:form . "ancestor") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 112) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 152) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "direct") (:form . "direct") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ancestor") (:form . "ancestor") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 171) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag2") (:form . "RAG2") (:end . 176) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.265.1) (:span 30 38)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.265.1) (:span 30 176)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.265) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102005@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Nevertheless, the apparent lack of RAG2-like proteins in the sequenced portion of the sea urchin, lancelet, hydra, and sea anemone genomes, as well as in Transib transposons suggests that RAG2 was introduced in a separate event in jawless vertebrates.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "nevertheless") (:form . "Nevertheless") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apparent") (:form . "apparent") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lack") (:form . "lack") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag2-like") (:form . "RAG2-like") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequenced") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portion") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hydra") (:form . "hydra") (:end . 113)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 122) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "anemone") (:form . "anemone") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 147) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 150) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggests") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 187) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag2") (:form . "RAG2") (:end . 192) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 196) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "introduce") (:form . "introduced") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 210) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 212) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "separate") (:form . "separate") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 213) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "event") (:form . "event") (:end . 227)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 230) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "jawless") (:form . "jawless") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 231) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "vertebrate") (:form . "vertebrates") (:end . 250)\n (:start . 239) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 251) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.266.1) (:span 174 182))\n ((:id . :x6.266.3) (:span 18 26)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x6.266.2) (:span 27 31)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.266.1) (:span 174 250))\n ((:id . :x6.266.3) (:span 18 173)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.266.2) (:span 27 173)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.266) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102006@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, given the low 30% identity between the RAG1 and sea urchin/lancelet/sea squirt RAG1-like proteins, we cannot exclude the possibility that the ancestral RAG2 protein went through a period of strong diversification driven by positive selection, and it can no longer be identified by sequence comparisons but may still be present in invertebrates.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low") (:form . "low") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "30") (:form . "30") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identity") (:form . "identity") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin/lancelet/sea")\n (:form . "urchin/lancelet/sea") (:end . 80) (:start . 61) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "squirt") (:form . "squirt") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1-like") (:form . "RAG1-like") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "cannot") (:form . "cannot") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "exclude") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibility") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 146) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ancestral") (:form . "ancestral") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag2") (:form . "RAG2") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "go") (:form . "went") (:end . 178) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "period") (:form . "period") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 198) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "strong") (:form . "strong") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "diversification") (:form . "diversification")\n (:end . 221) (:start . 206) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "drive") (:form . "driven") (:end . 228)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 231) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "positive") (:form . "positive") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 232) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "selection") (:form . "selection") (:end . 250)\n (:start . 241) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 251) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 255) (:start . 252)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 258) (:start . 256)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 262) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 265) (:start . 263)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "longer") (:form . "longer") (:end . 272)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 275) (:start . 273)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 286)\n (:start . 276) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 289) (:start . 287)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 298)\n (:start . 290) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparisons") (:end . 310)\n (:start . 299) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 314) (:start . 311)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 318) (:start . 315)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "still") (:form . "still") (:end . 324)\n (:start . 319) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 327) (:start . 325)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 335)\n (:start . 328) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 338) (:start . 336)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "invertebrate") (:form . "invertebrates")\n (:end . 352) (:start . 339) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 353) (:start . 352)\n (:id . 99)))@@@1@58@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.267.1) (:span 315 318))\n ((:id . :x6.267.3) (:span 111 141)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x6.267.2) (:span 263 272)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.267.1) (:span 315 352))\n ((:id . :x6.267.3) (:span 111 352)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.267.2) (:span 263 310)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.267) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102007@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In any case, the origin of the V(D)J recombination system in jawless vertebrates appears to be a culmination of earlier evolutionary processes rather than an isolated event associated with insertion of a single transposon.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "origin") (:form . "origin") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 50) (:start . 37) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "system") (:form . "system") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "jawless") (:form . "jawless") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "vertebrate") (:form . "vertebrates") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 91) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "culmination") (:form . "culmination") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJR") (:stem . "early") (:form . "earlier") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "evolutionary") (:form . "evolutionary") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "process") (:form . "processes") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "rather") (:form . "rather") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 154) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "isolate") (:form . "isolated") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "event") (:form . "event") (:end . 172)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associated") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 188) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . "insertion") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 201) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.268.2) (:span 81 88)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x6.268.1) (:span 143 154)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.268.2) (:span 13 221)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.268.1) (:span 143 221)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.268) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102008@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If so, detailed studies of individual components, including active Transib transposons and invertebrate proteins homologous to RAG1 elements can bring new breakthroughs in our understanding of evolutionary and mechanistic aspects of V(D)J recombination.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "so") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "detailed") (:form . "detailed") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "individual") (:form . "individual") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "component") (:form . "components") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . "active") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "invertebrate") (:form . "invertebrate") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homologous") (:form . "homologous") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 131) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "bring") (:form . "bring") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 154) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "breakthrough") (:form . "breakthroughs")\n (:end . 168) (:start . 155) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 171) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 175) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "understanding") (:form . "understanding")\n (:end . 189) (:start . 176) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 192) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "evolutionary") (:form . "evolutionary") (:end . 205)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 209) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mechanistic") (:form . "mechanistic") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "aspect") (:form . "aspects") (:end . 229)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 232) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 252) (:start . 239) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 253) (:start . 252)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.269.1) (:span 141 144)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.269.1) (:span 141 252)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.269) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102010@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For instance, on the basis of the TPase comparison to RAG1 (see Figures S1 and S3), we were able to identify correct positions of the last two aa residues in the DDE catalytic triad (see Figure 2 in [17]), missed in our previous study due to insufficient data.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "instance") (:form . "instance") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "basis") (:form . "basis") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "comparison") (:form . "comparison") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . 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"residues") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DDE") (:form . "DDE") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "triad") (:form . "triad") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 186) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 198) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17") (:form . "17") (:end . 202) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 205) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "miss") (:form . "missed") (:end . 212)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 215) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 219) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "previous") (:end . 228)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . "study") (:end . 234)\n (:start . 229) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "due") (:form . "due") (:end . 238) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 241) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "insufficient") (:form . "insufficient") (:end . 254)\n (:start . 242) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 259)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 260) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 99)))@@@1@58@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.271) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102011@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interestingly, only two cysteines of the zinc finger B (ZFB) C2H2 motif in RAG1 (residues 695–761) involved in its binding to RAG2 [30,31] are perfectly conserved in the Transib TPases (motif 7; see Figures 3 and Figure S3).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "interestingly") (:form . "Interestingly")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . 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"C2H2") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 71) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 79) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "695–761") (:form . "695–761") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involved") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 125) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag2") (:form . "RAG2") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "30,31") (:form . "30,31") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 142) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "perfectly") (:form . "perfectly") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 165) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 169) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "7") (:form . "7") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 198) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "figure") (:form . "Figures") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 212) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 219)\n (:start . 213) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S3") (:form . "S3") (:end . 222) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 223) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 224) (:start . 223)\n (:id . 90)))@@@1@49@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.272) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102012@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The remaining portion of the ZFB motif was probably lost in TPases of insect Transib transposons, which do not encode RAG2-like proteins.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remaining") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portion") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ZFB") (:form . "ZFB") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "probably") (:form . "probably") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "lose") (:form . "lost") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 66) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insect") (:form . "insect") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encode") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag2-like") (:form . "RAG2-like") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.273.2) (:span 43 51)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x6.273.1) (:span 107 110)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.273.2) (:span 0 136)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.273.1) (:span 107 136)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.273) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102013@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Notably, two ZFB cysteines are part of the conserved SxxCxxC motif, and mutations of the serine from the same motif cause severe defects in RAG1 transpositions in vitro [32].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "notably") (:form . "Notably") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ZFB") (:form . "ZFB") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cysteine") (:form . 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"IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "serine") (:form . "serine") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "cause") (:form . "cause") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "severe") (:form . "severe") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "defect") (:form . "defects") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 144) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transpositions")\n (:end . 159) (:start . 145) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 162) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vitro") (:form . "vitro") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "32") (:form . "32") (:end . 172) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.274) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102014@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, the presence of serine in this motif is expected to be crucial to Transib transpositions.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "serine") (:form . "serine") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motif") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "crucial") (:form . "crucial") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transpositions")\n (:end . 99) (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.275.1) (:span 51 59)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.275.1) (:span 11 99)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.275) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102015@unknown@formal@none@1@S@After submission of our manuscript, additional biochemical evidence favoring evolution of V(D)J recombination from transposable elements was reported [25].@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "After") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "submission") (:form . "submission") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "manuscript") (:form . "manuscript") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "additional") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biochemical") (:form . "biochemical") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evidence") (:form . "evidence") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "favor") (:form . "favoring") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evolution") (:form . "evolution") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 109) (:start . 96) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 114) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transposable") (:form . "transposable") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "25") (:form . "25") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.276.1) (:span 68 76)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.276.1) (:span 68 136)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.276) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102016@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Analogously to V(D)J recombination, transposition of the fly Hermes transposon, which belongs to the hAT superfamily, is also characterized by a double-strand break via hairpin formation on flanking DNA and 3? OH joining to the target DNA [25].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "analogously") (:form . "Analogously") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 34) (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transposition")\n (:end . 49) (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hermes") (:form . "Hermes") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "belong") (:form . "belongs") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "superfamily") (:form . "superfamily") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 125) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterized")\n (:end . 139) (:start . 126) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "double-strand") (:form . "double-strand")\n (:end . 158) (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "break") (:form . "break") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "via") (:form . "via") (:end . 168) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hairpin") (:form . "hairpin") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "formation") (:form . "formation") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 189) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanking") (:end . 198)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 202) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 206) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "oh") (:form . "OH") (:end . 212) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "join") (:form . "joining") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 213) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 223) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 227) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "target") (:form . "target") (:end . 234)\n (:start . 228) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 238) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 240) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "25") (:form . "25") (:end . 242) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 243) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 244) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.277) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102017@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, although the observed biochemical relationship between the hAT TPase and V(D)J recombination is a step forward in our understanding of transposition reaction, several arguments strongly suggest that V(D)J machinery evolved from a Transib rather than from hAT transposon.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "although") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "biochemical") (:form . "biochemical") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "relationship") (:form . "relationship") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 77) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 101) (:start . 88) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "step") (:form . "step") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "forward") (:form . "forward") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "understanding") (:form . "understanding")\n (:end . 140) (:start . 127) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transposition")\n (:end . 157) (:start . 144) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "reaction") (:form . "reaction") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "argument") (:form . "arguments") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strongly") (:form . "strongly") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 207) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "machinery") (:form . "machinery") (:end . 223)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "evolve") (:form . "evolved") (:end . 231)\n (:start . 224) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 236) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 238) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 246)\n (:start . 239) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "rather") (:form . "rather") (:end . 253)\n (:start . 247) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 258) (:start . 254)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 263) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 267) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 278)\n (:start . 268) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 279) (:start . 278)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.278.2) (:span 195 202)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x6.278.1) (:span 247 258)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.278.2) (:span 195 278)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.278.1) (:span 247 278)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.278) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102018@unknown@formal@none@1@S@First, as we mentioned previously, there is no significant sequence identity between hAT TPases and RAG1, even if one employs a PSI-BLAST search with most relaxed parameters (i.e., E < 10, no filters, no composition-based statistics).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "first") (:form . "First") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . 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"between") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 95) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "even") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "employ") (:form . "employs") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 149) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 154) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "relax") (:form . "relaxed") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parameter") (:form . "parameters") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "i.e.") (:form . "i.e.") (:end . 179) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E") (:form . "E") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "<") (:form . "<") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 187) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 191) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filters") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 203) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "composition-based") (:form . "composition-based")\n (:end . 221) (:start . 204) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistics") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 233) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.279.1) (:span 201 203))\n ((:id . :x6.279.2) (:span 189 191)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.279.1) (:span 201 232))\n ((:id . :x6.279.2) (:span 189 199)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.279) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102020@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Third, unlike in the case of Transib transposons, TIRs of hAT transposons are different from RSS both in terms of DNA sequence similarities and their conservation patterns (Figure S7).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "third") (:form . "Third") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "unlike") (:form . "unlike") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 54) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "term") (:form . "terms") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarities") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pattern") (:form . "patterns") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 173) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S7") (:form . "S7") (:end . 182) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.281) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102021@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Fourth, hAT- and RAG1/2-mediated transpositions differ dramatically in terms of the GC content of their target sites: Unlike Transib transposons and RAG1 transpositions occurring in GC-rich DNA, hAT transposons tend to be integrated into AT-rich regions (Table S2).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fourth") (:form . "Fourth") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat-") (:form . "hAT-") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rag1/2-mediated") (:form . "RAG1/2-mediated")\n (:end . 32) (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transpositions")\n (:end . 47) (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "differ") (:form . "differ") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "dramatically") (:form . "dramatically") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "term") (:form . "terms") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GC") (:form . "GC") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "content") (:form . "content") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "target") (:form . "target") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "unlike") (:form . "Unlike") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 118) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 148) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 153) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transpositions")\n (:end . 168) (:start . 154) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occurring") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 181) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "gc-rich") (:form . "GC-rich") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 193) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 194) (:start . 193)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 198) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "tend") (:form . "tend") (:end . 215) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 218) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 221) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "integrate") (:form . "integrated") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 237) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "at-rich") (:form . "AT-rich") (:end . 245)\n (:start . 238) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 253)\n (:start . 246) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 255) (:start . 254)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 260)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S2") (:form . "S2") (:end . 263) (:start . 261)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 264) (:start . 263)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 265) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.282) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102022@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All four arguments strongly favor evolution of V(D)J machinery from a Transib transposon.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "argument") (:form . "arguments") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strongly") (:form . "strongly") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "favor") (:form . "favor") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evolution") (:form . "evolution") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 52) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "machinery") (:form . "machinery") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 89) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.283.1) (:span 28 33)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.283.1) (:span 28 88)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.283) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102023@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Most likely, the Transib transpositions are also characterized by hairpin intermediates formed by the ends of the donor DNA double-strand breaks, as observed during V(D)J recombination and hAT transposition.@(((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "Most") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transpositions")\n (:end . 39) (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 48) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterized")\n (:end . 62) (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hairpin") (:form . "hairpin") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "intermediate") (:form . "intermediates")\n (:end . 87) (:start . 74) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "form") (:form . "formed") (:end . 94) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "end") (:form . "ends") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 109) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "donor") (:form . "donor") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 123) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "double-strand") (:form . "double-strand")\n (:end . 137) (:start . 124) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "break") (:form . "breaks") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 184) (:start . 171) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 188) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 192) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposition") (:form . "transposition")\n (:end . 206) (:start . 193) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.284.1) (:span 5 11)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.284.1) (:span 5 144)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.284) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102024@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Materials and Methods@(((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Material") (:form . 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(:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.286) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102026@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Assembled D. pseudoobscura sequences were downloaded from the Human Genome Sequencing Center at Baylor College of Medicine through the Web site at http://hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu/projects/drosophila/ on 2 March 2004.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Assembled") (:form . "Assembled") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pseudoobscura") (:form . "pseudoobscura")\n (:end . 26) (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "downloade") (:form . 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"March") (:form . "March") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2004") (:form . "2004") (:end . 207) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.287) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102027@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Preliminary A. aegypti sequence data were obtained from The Institute for Genomic Research through the Web site at http://www.tigr.org on 4 March 2004.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "preliminary") (:form . "Preliminary") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "a.") (:form . "A.") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aegypti") (:form . "aegypti") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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(:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.288) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102028@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Assembled D. melanogaster sequences were downloaded from the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project at http://www.fruitfly.org/sequence/download.html on 17 February 2004.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Assembled") (:form . "Assembled") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "downloade") (:form . "downloaded") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Berkeley") (:form . "Berkeley") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Genome") (:form . "Genome") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Project") (:form . "Project") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "http://www.fruitfly.org/sequence/download.html")\n (:form . "http://www.fruitfly.org/sequence/download.html") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17") (:form . "17") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "February") (:form . "February") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2004") (:form . "2004") (:end . 165) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.289) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102030@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition to the assembled contigs, Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center (http://www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu) produced an approximately 8-Gb set of short unassembled WGS sequences, called “traces”, which cover nearly the entire sea urchin genome.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . 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".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 263) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.291) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102031@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We downloaded these sequences from the GenBank Trace Archive at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI; ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/TraceDB/strongylocentrotus_purpuratus/) on 17 November 2004.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "downloade") (:form . "downloaded") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "via") (:form . "via") (:end . 177) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 181) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "server") (:form . "server") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 191) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "http://www.ensembl.org")\n (:form . "http://www.ensembl.org") (:end . 214) (:start . 192) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.295) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102035@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Sequences of the Transib1 through Transib4 and Transib1_AG through Transib3_AG transposons [17] were obtained from the D. melanogaster (drorep.ref) and A. gambiae (angrep.ref) sections of Repbase Update [39] at Genetic Information Research Institute (http://www.girinst.org).@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "Sequences") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transib1") (:form . "Transib1") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 210) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genetic") (:form . "Genetic") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Information") (:form . "Information") (:end . 230)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Research") (:form . "Research") (:end . 239)\n (:start . 231) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Institute") (:form . "Institute") (:end . 249)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 251) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "http://www.girinst.org")\n (:form . "http://www.girinst.org") (:end . 273) (:start . 251) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 274) (:start . 273)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 275) (:start . 274)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.296) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102036@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Sequence analysis.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "Sequence") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44)))@@@1@3@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.297) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102037@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Computer-assisted identification and reconstruction of the Transib transposons was done as described previously [17,40–42].@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "computer-assisted") (:form . "Computer-assisted")\n (:end . 17) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"described") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17,40–42") (:form . "17,40–42") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.298) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102038@unknown@formal@none@1@S@DNA sequence analysis including local sequence alignments, multiple alignments, and reconstruction of the Transib consensus sequences was done using software developed at Genetic Information Research Institute (available upon request) and WU-BLASTN 2.0 (http://blast.wustl.edu).@(((:tag . 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(:end . 278) (:start . 277)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.299) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102040@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(We included in the analysis incomplete relics of the Transib2–5_AA TPases represented by single DNA copies.)@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 3) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "include") (:form . "included") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "incomplete") (:form . "incomplete") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.301) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102041@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Prediction of putative exons and introns encoded by the Transib consensus sequences was done with FGENESH [33] (at http://www.softberry.com).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "Prediction") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "putative") (:form . "putative") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exons") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "intron") (:form . 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(:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.302.1) (:span 14 22)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.302.1) (:span 14 83)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.302) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102042@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Multiple alignments of distantly related RAG1 and Transib TPase protein sequences were created by T-Coffee [40].@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "Multiple") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignments") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "distantly") (:form . "distantly") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "related") (:form . "related") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . 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(:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.306) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102046@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All GenBank proteins were downloaded from ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/blast/DB/fasta/nr (February 2004) and were combined into a single set with the identified Transib TPases.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "downloade") (:form . "downloaded") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.307) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102047@unknown@formal@none@1@S@No Transib TPases had been deposited or annotated previously in GenBank, except for two short hypothetical proteins predicted automatically during annotation of the D. melanogaster genome: 151-aa gi:30923617 and 123-aa gi:30923765.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "No") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 17) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "have") (:form . "had") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "deposit") (:form . "deposited") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "annotate") (:form . "annotated") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "except") (:form . "except") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "short") (:form . "short") (:end . 93) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hypothetical") (:form . "hypothetical") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "automatically") (:form . "automatically")\n (:end . 139) (:start . 126) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "annotation") (:form . "annotation") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 164) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 181) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "151-aa") (:form . "151-aa") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 189) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "gi:30923617") (:form . "gi:30923617") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 196) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 211) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "123-aa") (:form . "123-aa") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 212) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "gi:30923765") (:form . "gi:30923765") (:end . 230)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 231) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.308.1) (:span 0 2)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.308.1) (:span 0 71)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.308) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102048@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These proteins are apparent fragments of Transib TPases encoded by relics of Transib transposons, including Transib5_DM.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apparent") (:form . "apparent") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "fragment") (:form . "fragments") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 55) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "relic") (:form . "relics") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "include") (:form . "including") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib5_DM") (:form . "Transib5_DM") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.309) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102050@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The PSI-BLAST program [18,45] is much more sensitive than a regular BLAST search due to the use of PSSM) PSI-BLAST first performs a standard BLASTP search of a protein query against a protein database and constructs a multiple alignment of matches exceeding a certain E-value threshold (called Ei value for the inclusion of sequences into PSI-BLAST iterations).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "18,45") (:form . "18,45") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "much") (:form . "much") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sensitive") (:form . "sensitive") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regular") (:form . "regular") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "due") (:form . "due") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PSSM") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 104) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performs") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "standard") (:form . "standard") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BLASTP") (:form . "BLASTP") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "query") (:form . "query") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "database") (:form . "database") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 204) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "constructs") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 217) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 218) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 236)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 239) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "match") (:form . "matches") (:end . 247)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "exceed") (:form . "exceeding") (:end . 257)\n (:start . 248) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 259) (:start . 258)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "certain") (:form . "certain") (:end . 267)\n (:start . 260) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E-value") (:form . "E-value") (:end . 275)\n (:start . 268) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "threshold") (:form . "threshold") (:end . 285)\n (:start . 276) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 287) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "call") (:form . "called") (:end . 293)\n (:start . 287) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ei") (:form . "Ei") (:end . 296) (:start . 294)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 302)\n (:start . 297) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 306) (:start . 303)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 310) (:start . 307)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "inclusion") (:form . "inclusion") (:end . 320)\n (:start . 311) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 323) (:start . 321)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 333)\n (:start . 324) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 338) (:start . 334)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 348)\n (:start . 339) (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iteration") (:form . "iterations") (:end . 359)\n (:start . 349) (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 360) (:start . 359)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 361) (:start . 360)\n (:id . 104)))@@@1@63@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.311) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102051@unknown@formal@none@1@S@From this alignment, a PSSM is constructed.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "From") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PSSM") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "constructed") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.312) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102052@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The PSSM is a weight matrix indicating the relative occurrence of each of the 20 aa at each position in the alignment.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PSSM") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "weight") (:form . "weight") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matrix") (:form . "matrix") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicating") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "relative") (:form . "relative") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "occurrence") (:form . "occurrence") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "20") (:form . "20") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aa") (:form . "aa") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "position") (:form . "position") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.313) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102053@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This new PSSM is used as the score matrix for a new BLAST search in a second iteration.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pssm") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "score") (:form . "score") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matrix") (:form . "matrix") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "iteration") (:form . "iteration") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.314) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102054@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The process is repeated for a specific number of iterations or until convergence, when no additional proteins are added on successive iterations.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "process") (:form . "process") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeated") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iteration") (:form . "iterations") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 62) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "until") (:form . "until") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "convergence") (:form . "convergence") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "additional") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "add") (:form . "added") (:end . 119) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "successive") (:form . "successive") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iteration") (:form . "iterations") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.315.1) (:span 87 89)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.315.1) (:span 87 144)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.315) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102055@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The use of a PSSM in place of a fixed generic substitution matrix such as BLOSUM62 results in a much more sensitive BLAST search [18,45].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "use") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pssm") (:form . "PSSM") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "place") (:form . "place") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "fixed") (:form . "fixed") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "generic") (:form . "generic") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "substitution") (:form . "substitution") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matrix") (:form . "matrix") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blosum62") (:form . "BLOSUM62") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "much") (:form . "much") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 105) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sensitive") (:form . "sensitive") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blast") (:form . "BLAST") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "18,45") (:form . "18,45") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.316) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102056@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Important practical aspects of using PSI-BLAST were recently described [46].@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "Important") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "practical") (:form . "practical") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "aspect") (:form . "aspects") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "46") (:form . "46") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.317) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102057@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To ensure that a conservation profile for the Transib TPases and RAG1 proteins was not produced by a systematic error, we employed a procedure of “step-wise” PSI-BLAST iterations.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "ensure") (:form . "ensure") (:end . 9) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conservation") (:form . "conservation") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "profile") (:form . "profile") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 60) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "produce") (:form . "produced") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "systematic") (:form . "systematic") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "error") (:form . "error") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "employ") (:form . "employed") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "procedure") (:form . "procedure") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "“") (:form . "“") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "step-wise") (:form . "step-wise") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "''") (:stem . "”") (:form . "”") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iteration") (:form . "iterations") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.318.1) (:span 83 86)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.318.1) (:span 15 117)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.318) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102058@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this procedure we studied dependence of Ei values on the number of the Transib TPases combined with the GenBank proteins.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "procedure") (:form . "procedure") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studied") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dependence") (:form . "dependence") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ei") (:form . "Ei") (:end . 45) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "value") (:form . "values") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tpas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 88) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "combine") (:form . "combined") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 106) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 107) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.319) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102060@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Significant convergence of RAG1 and Transib TPases was observed to be independent of the particular type of substitution matrix (the same result was observed for both BLOSUM62 and PAM70 matrixes).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "Significant") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "convergence") (:form . "convergence") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 50) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "independent") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "particular") (:form . "particular") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "type") (:form . "type") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "substitution") (:form . "substitution") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matrix") (:form . "matrix") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 137) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 148) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "observe") (:form . "observed") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 166) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "blosum62") (:form . "BLOSUM62") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 179) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pam70") (:form . "PAM70") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "matrix") (:form . "matrixes") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.321) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102061@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To avoid detection of false similarities caused by simple repeats and coiled coils, the PSI-BLAST search was performed using stringent conditions with the SEG [47] and COILS [48] filters masking all low-complexity regions and coiled coils, respectively; composition-based statistics [45] were also employed.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "avoid") (:form . "avoid") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "detection") (:form . "detection") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "false") (:form . "false") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarities") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cause") (:form . "caused") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "simple") (:form . "simple") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeats") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "coil") (:form . "coiled") (:end . 76) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "coil") (:form . "coils") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "psi-blast") (:form . "PSI-BLAST") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "search") (:form . "search") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "perform") (:form . "performed") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 124) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "stringent") (:form . "stringent") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "condition") (:form . "conditions") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 150) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 154) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SEG") (:form . "SEG") (:end . 158) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "47") (:form . "47") (:end . 162) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "coils") (:form . "COILS") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "48") (:form . "48") (:end . 177) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "filter") (:form . "filters") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "mask") (:form . "masking") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 198) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "low-complexity") (:form . "low-complexity")\n (:end . 213) (:start . 199) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 225) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "coil") (:form . "coiled") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 226) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "coil") (:form . "coils") (:end . 238)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 239) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 252)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 253) (:start . 252)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "composition-based") (:form . "composition-based")\n (:end . 271) (:start . 254) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "statistic") (:form . "statistics") (:end . 282)\n (:start . 272) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 284) (:start . 283)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "45") (:form . "45") (:end . 286) (:start . 284)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 287) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 292) (:start . 288)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 297) (:start . 293)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "employ") (:form . "employed") (:end . 306)\n (:start . 298) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 307) (:start . 306)\n (:id . 94)))@@@1@53@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.322) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102062@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The probability P1 that the 5? terminus of a transposon from a particular Transib family would match by chance an RSS at its most conserved positions (positions 1-3 in the RSS heptamer, and positions 5 and 6 in the RSS nonamer) was estimated based on the following formula: P1 = fC × fA × fC × fA × fA, where fC (0.2) and fA (0.3) are frequencies of C and A in a set of 38-bp 5? termini of Transib transposons from 21 families (see Figure 4).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "probability") (:form . "probability") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "p1") (:form . "P1") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "terminus") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "particular") (:form . "particular") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "would") (:form . "would") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "match") (:form . "match") (:end . 100) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 103) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chance") (:form . "chance") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 117) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 130) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1-3") (:form . "1-3") (:end . 164) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 171) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 175) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heptamer") (:form . "heptamer") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 189) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 205) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "6") (:form . "6") (:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 210) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 214) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 218) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nonamer") (:form . "nonamer") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 231) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "estimate") (:form . "estimated") (:end . 241)\n (:start . 232) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 247)\n (:start . 242) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 250) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 254) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "following") (:end . 264)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "formula") (:form . "formula") (:end . 272)\n (:start . 265) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 273) (:start . 272)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P1") (:form . "P1") (:end . 276) (:start . 274)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 278) (:start . 277)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fc") (:form . "fC") (:end . 281) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "×") (:form . "×") (:end . 283) (:start . 282)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fa") (:form . "fA") (:end . 286) (:start . 284)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "×") (:form . "×") (:end . 288) (:start . 287)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fc") (:form . "fC") (:end . 291) (:start . 289)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "×") (:form . "×") (:end . 293) (:start . 292)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "fA") (:form . "fA") (:end . 296) (:start . 294)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "×") (:form . "×") (:end . 298) (:start . 297)\n (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "fA") (:form . "fA") (:end . 301) (:start . 299)\n (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 302) (:start . 301)\n (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 308)\n (:start . 303) (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fc") (:form . "fC") (:end . 311) (:start . 309)\n (:id . 108))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 313) (:start . 312)\n (:id . 109))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.2") (:form . "0.2") (:end . 316) (:start . 313)\n (:id . 110))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 317) (:start . 316)\n (:id . 111))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 321) (:start . 318)\n (:id . 112))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "fA") (:form . "fA") (:end . 324) (:start . 322)\n (:id . 113))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 326) (:start . 325)\n (:id . 114))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.3") (:form . "0.3") (:end . 329) (:start . 326)\n (:id . 115))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 330) (:start . 329)\n (:id . 116))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 334) (:start . 331)\n (:id . 117))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "frequency") (:form . "frequencies") (:end . 346)\n (:start . 335) (:id . 118))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 349) (:start . 347)\n (:id . 119))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 351) (:start . 350)\n (:id . 120))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 355) (:start . 352)\n (:id . 121))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 357) (:start . 356)\n (:id . 122))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 360) (:start . 358)\n (:id . 123))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 362) (:start . 361)\n (:id . 124))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "set") (:form . "set") (:end . 366) (:start . 363)\n (:id . 125))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 369) (:start . 367)\n (:id . 126))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "38-bp") (:form . "38-bp") (:end . 375)\n (:start . 370) (:id . 127))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 377) (:start . 376)\n (:id . 128))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 378) (:start . 377)\n (:id . 129))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "termini") (:end . 386)\n (:start . 379) (:id . 130))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 389) (:start . 387)\n (:id . 131))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 397)\n (:start . 390) (:id . 132))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 409)\n (:start . 398) (:id . 133))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 414) (:start . 410)\n (:id . 134))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 417) (:start . 415)\n (:id . 135))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 426)\n (:start . 418) (:id . 136))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 428) (:start . 427)\n (:id . 137))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 431) (:start . 428)\n (:id . 138))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 438)\n (:start . 432) (:id . 139))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "4") (:form . "4") (:end . 440) (:start . 439)\n (:id . 140))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 441) (:start . 440)\n (:id . 141))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 442) (:start . 441)\n (:id . 142)))@@@1@101@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.323) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102063@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The value of P1 is 0.001, indicating a significant similarity between Transib TIRs and RSS.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "value") (:form . "value") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P1") (:form . "P1") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.001") (:form . "0.001") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicating") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "significant") (:form . "significant") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "TIR") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.324) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102064@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Indeed, given that these five positions conserved in RSS are conserved in all TIRs from 21 families of Transib transposons, and the average identity between these 38-bp TIRs is only 49%, the chance of randomly matching these positions in TIRs from all 21 families is extremely small.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "indeed") (:form . "Indeed") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "give") (:form . "given") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "five") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 87) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 127) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 131) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identity") (:form . "identity") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "38-bp") (:form . "38-bp") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 173) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 176) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 181) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "49") (:form . "49") (:end . 184) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 190) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chance") (:form . "chance") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 200) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "randomly") (:form . "randomly") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 201) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "match") (:form . "matching") (:end . 218)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 234)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 237) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tir") (:form . "TIRs") (:end . 242) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 247) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 251) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 254) (:start . 252)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 263)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 266) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "extremely") (:form . "extremely") (:end . 276)\n (:start . 267) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "small") (:form . "small") (:end . 282)\n (:start . 277) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 283) (:start . 282)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.325) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102065@unknown@formal@none@1@S@TBLASTN searches against the Trace Archive were performed by using the BLAST client (blastcl3 or netblast at ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/executables/LATEST/, which accesses the NCBI BLAST search engine.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TBLASTN") (:form . "TBLASTN") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "search") (:form . "searches") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "against") (:form . "against") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Trace") (:form . "Trace") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Archive") (:form . 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"search") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "engine") (:form . "engine") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.326) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102066@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Names of all available Trace Databases were taken from a list of databases at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/mmtrace.shtml.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "name") (:form . "Names") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "available") (:form . "available") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Trace") (:form . 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"into") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "gc-rich") (:form . "GC-Rich") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Site") (:form . "Sites") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.328) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102068@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Each of the 35-bp insertion sites corresponds to two 20-bp DNA fragments flanking a genomic Transib element at its 5? and 3? termini.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "Each") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "35-bp") (:form . "35-bp") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . 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(:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.329) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102070@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Analogously, the 15-bp insertion sites were composed of two 10-bp flanking fragm.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "analogously") (:form . "Analogously") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "15-bp") (:form . "15-bp") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . "insertion") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 43) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . 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"Information") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.332) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102072@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Similarity between C-Terminal Portions of the Transib2_AG TPase and RAG1@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "Similarity") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "c-terminal") (:form . "C-Terminal") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Portion") (:form . "Portions") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib2_AG") (:form . 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"triad") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mark") (:form . "marked") (:end . 33) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "black") (:form . "black") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rectangle") (:form . "rectangles") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.336) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102076@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Amino acids are shaded on the basis of their physiochemical properties according to the color scheme implemented in Genedoc [43]: Black shading marks hydrophobic residues, blue indicates charged (white font), positively charged (red font), and negatively charged (green font); red indicates proline (blue font) and glycine (green font); gray indicates aliphatic (red font) and aromatic (blue font); green indicates polar (black font) and amphoteric (red font); yellow indicates tiny (blue font) and small (green font).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "amino") (:form . "Amino") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "acid") (:form . "acids") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:form . ".") (:end . 518) (:start . 517)\n (:id . 149)))@@@1@108@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.337) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102077@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The species abbreviations are as follows: SP, sea urchin; DP, D. pseudoobscura fruit fly; AG, African malaria mosquito; AA, yellow fever mosquito.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "species") (:form . "species") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "abbreviation") (:form . "abbreviations")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "follows") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . 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"fever") (:form . "fever") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.338) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102078@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transib1 through Transib5 are from the D. melanogaster fruit fly genome.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transib1") (:form . "Transib1") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transib5") (:form . "Transib5") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"shading") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scheme") (:form . "scheme") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "s2") (:form . "S2") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.341) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102081@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The catalytic DDE triad is marked by black rectangles.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dde") (:form . "DDE") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "triad") (:form . "triad") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mark") (:form . "marked") (:end . 33) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "black") (:form . "black") (:end . 42) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rectangle") (:form . "rectangles") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.342) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102082@unknown@formal@none@1@S@RAG1 aa whose replacements resulted in previously detected defects of V(D)J recombination [31] are marked by color rectangles indicated below the alignment blocks; red indicates DNA binding defect; green indicates nicking defect; cyan indicates hairpin defect; blue indicates joining mutants; yellow indicates catalytic mutants; gray indicates joining/transposition.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aa") (:form . "aa") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WP$") (:stem . "whose") (:form . "whose") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "replacement") (:form . "replacements") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "result") (:form . "resulted") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "defect") (:form . "defects") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 89) (:start . 76) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "block") (:form . "blocks") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 167) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 177)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DNA") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 181) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "defect") (:form . "defect") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "green") (:form . "green") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 198) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nicking") (:form . "nicking") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "defect") (:form . "defect") (:end . 228)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 229) (:start . 228)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cyan") (:form . "cyan") (:end . 234) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 244)\n (:start . 235) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hairpin") (:form . "hairpin") (:end . 252)\n (:start . 245) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "defect") (:form . "defect") (:end . 259)\n (:start . 253) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 260) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "blue") (:form . "blue") (:end . 265) (:start . 261)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 275)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "join") (:form . "joining") (:end . 283)\n (:start . 276) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutants") (:end . 291)\n (:start . 284) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 292) (:start . 291)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "yellow") (:form . "yellow") (:end . 299)\n (:start . 293) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 309)\n (:start . 300) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 319)\n (:start . 310) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutants") (:end . 327)\n (:start . 320) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 328) (:start . 327)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gray") (:form . "gray") (:end . 333) (:start . 329)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicates") (:end . 343)\n (:start . 334) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "joining/transposition")\n (:form . "joining/transposition") (:end . 365) (:start . 344) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 366) (:start . 365)\n (:id . 97)))@@@1@56@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.343) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102083@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Presence and absence of corresponding residues in the Transib TPases are indicated by + and -, respectively.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Presence") (:form . "Presence") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "absence") (:form . "absence") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "TPas") (:form . "TPases") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicated") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "+") (:form . "+") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "HYPH") (:stem . "-") (:form . "-") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.344.1) (:span 13 20)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.344.1) (:span 13 68)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.344) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102084@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Conserved motifs are marked by lines numbered from 1 to 10.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "Conserved") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "motif") (:form . "motifs") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mark") (:form . "marked") (:end . 27) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "numbered") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.345) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102085@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The species abbreviations are as follows: DP, D. pseudoobscura fruit fly; AG, African malaria mosquito; AA, yellow fever mosquito; GG, chicken; HS, human; XL, frog; CL, bull shark; FR, fugu fish.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "species") (:form . "species") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "abbreviation") (:form . "abbreviations")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "follows") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DP") (:form . "DP") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 48) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pseudoobscura") (:form . "pseudoobscura")\n (:end . 62) (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AG") (:form . "AG") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "african") (:form . "African") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "malaria") (:form . "malaria") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aa") (:form . "AA") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "yellow") (:form . "yellow") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fever") (:form . "fever") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 130) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GG") (:form . "GG") (:end . 133) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chicken") (:form . "chicken") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HS") (:form . "HS") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "XL") (:form . "XL") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frog") (:form . "frog") (:end . 163) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CL") (:form . "CL") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bull") (:form . "bull") (:end . 173) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shark") (:form . "shark") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FR") (:form . "FR") (:end . 183) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fugu") (:form . "fugu") (:end . 189) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fish") (:form . "fish") (:end . 194) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.346) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102086@unknown@formal@none@1@S@TSDs in Transposons from Different Transib Families@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TSD") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Transposon") (:form . "Transposons") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 24) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "Different") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "Families") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48)))@@@1@7@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.347) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102087@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For each family, DNA copies of transposons are aligned to the corresponding consensus sequence.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "copy") (:form . "copies") (:end . 27) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "align") (:form . "aligned") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponding") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.348) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102088@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The consensus sequence is shown in the top line.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "top") (:form . "top") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "line") (:form . "line") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.349) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102090@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Internal portions of transposons are not shown and are marked by xxx.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "internal") (:form . "Internal") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "portion") (:form . "portions") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mark") (:form . "marked") (:end . 61) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "xxx") (:form . "xxx") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:ncues ((:id . :x6.351.1) (:span 37 40)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.351.1) (:span 0 46)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.351) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102091@unknown@formal@none@1@S@TSDs are highlighted.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tsd") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "highlight") (:form . "highlighted") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.352) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102092@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Coordinates of the reported elements are shown in the first two columns (sequence name, beginning to end).@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "coordinate") (:form . "Coordinates") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 46) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "column") (:form . "columns") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "name") (:form . "name") (:end . 86) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "begin") (:form . "beginning") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "end") (:form . "end") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.353) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102093@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(A) TransibN1_AG family from mosquito.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TransibN1_AG") (:form . "TransibN1_AG") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.354) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102094@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(B) TransibN2_AG family from mosquito.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TransibN2_AG") (:form . "TransibN2_AG") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.355) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102095@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(C) TransibN3_AG family from mosquito.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TransibN3_AG") (:form . "TransibN3_AG") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.356) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102096@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(D) TransibN1_DP family from fruit fly.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D") (:form . "D") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TransibN1_DP") (:form . "TransibN1_DP") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.357) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102097@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(E) Hopper family from fruit fly.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E") (:form . "E") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hopper") (:form . "Hopper") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.358) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102098@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(F) TransibN1_DM family from fruit fly.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "F") (:form . "F") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TransibN1_DM") (:form . "TransibN1_DM") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 39) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.359) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102100@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Multiple Alignment of the RAG1 Core and RAG1 Core–Like Proteins Encoded by the Sea Urchin and Lancelet Genomes@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "Multiple") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "Alignment") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Core") (:form . "Core") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Core–Like") (:form . "Core–Like") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Protein") (:form . "Proteins") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "Encoded") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sea") (:form . "Sea") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Urchin") (:form . "Urchin") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 93) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Lancelet") (:form . "Lancelet") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Genome") (:form . "Genomes") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.361) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102101@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The shading scheme is the same as in Figure S2 and S3.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "shade") (:form . "shading") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scheme") (:form . "scheme") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 30) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S2") (:form . "S2") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S3") (:form . "S3") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.362) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102102@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The species abbreviations are as follows: SP, sea urchin; BF, lancelet; HS, human; CL, bull shark; GG, chicken; XL, frog; FR, fugu fish.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "species") (:form . "species") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "abbreviation") (:form . "abbreviations")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "follows") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "SP") (:form . "SP") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 45) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sea") (:form . "sea") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "urchin") (:form . "urchin") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 57) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BF") (:form . "BF") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HS") (:form . "HS") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 81) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CL") (:form . "CL") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bull") (:form . "bull") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "shark") (:form . "shark") (:end . 97) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GG") (:form . "GG") (:end . 101) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chicken") (:form . "chicken") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "XL") (:form . "XL") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "frog") (:form . "frog") (:end . 120) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "FR") (:form . "FR") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fugu") (:form . "fugu") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fish") (:form . "fish") (:end . 135) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 136) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.363) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102103@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The lancelet RAG1L_BF protein is encoded by several overlapping WGS trace sequences (for example, GenBank Trace Archive identification numbers 543943730, 538583629).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lancelet") (:form . "lancelet") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1l_bf") (:form . "RAG1L_BF") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 43) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "overlap") (:form . "overlapping") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "wgs") (:form . "WGS") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "trace") (:form . "trace") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 85) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Trace") (:form . "Trace") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Archive") (:form . "Archive") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identification") (:form . "identification")\n (:end . 134) (:start . 120) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "number") (:form . "numbers") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "543943730") (:form . "543943730") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "538583629") (:form . "538583629") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.364) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102104@unknown@formal@none@1@S@RAG1-Like Protein SP_29068 in the Sea Urchin Contig 29068@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RAG1-Like") (:form . "RAG1-Like") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Protein") (:form . "Protein") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sp_29068") (:form . "SP_29068") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 33) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sea") (:form . "Sea") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Urchin") (:form . "Urchin") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Contig") (:form . "Contig") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "29068") (:form . "29068") (:end . 57) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.365) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102105@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(A) Exon/intron structure of the SP_29068 gene is reported based on the FGENESH prediction.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Exon/intron") (:form . "Exon/intron") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sp_29068") (:form . "SP_29068") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 49) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reported") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "base") (:form . "based") (:end . 64) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fgenesh") (:form . "FGENESH") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "prediction") (:form . "prediction") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.366) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102106@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(B) Alignment of the predicted protein and human RAG1 (29% identity, E = 10-43.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Alignment") (:form . "Alignment") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "predict") (:form . "predicted") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 53) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "29") (:form . "29") (:end . 57) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "identity") (:form . "identity") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "E") (:form . "E") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "=") (:form . "=") (:end . 72) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10-43") (:form . "10-43") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.367) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102107@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The intron in SP_29068 is inserted between residues shaded in green and red.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "intron") (:form . "intron") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sp_29068") (:form . "SP_29068") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "insert") (:form . "inserted") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "residue") (:form . "residues") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "shade") (:form . "shaded") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "green") (:form . "green") (:end . 67) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "red") (:form . "red") (:end . 75) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.368) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102108@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Gly460 that harbors the intron in the teleost RAG1 is shaded in black.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gly460") (:form . "Gly460") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "harbor") (:form . "harbors") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "intron") (:form . "intron") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "teleost") (:form . "teleost") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rag1") (:form . "RAG1") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "shade") (:form . "shaded") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "black") (:form . "black") (:end . 69) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.369) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102110@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Non-gapped alignment of consensus sequences of 5? termini of transposons from 22 different families is shown beneath the RSS23 consensus sequence, composed of the RSS heptamer and nonamer.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-gapped") (:form . "Non-gapped") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "termini") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 77) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "22") (:form . "22") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "family") (:form . "families") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "beneath") (:form . "beneath") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss23") (:form . "RSS23") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compose") (:form . "composed") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 158) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 162) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rss") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 166) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heptamer") (:form . "heptamer") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 179) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nonamer") (:form . "nonamer") (:end . 187)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.371) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102111@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The most conserved nucleotides in the heptamer and nonamer, which are necessary for efficient V(D)J recombination, are highlighted.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "nucleotide") (:form . "nucleotides") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heptamer") (:form . "heptamer") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nonamer") (:form . "nonamer") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "necessary") (:form . "necessary") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "efficient") (:form . "efficient") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "V(D)J") (:form . "V(D)J") (:end . 99) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recombination") (:form . "recombination")\n (:end . 113) (:start . 100) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "highlight") (:form . "highlighted") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.372) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102112@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Among the necessary RSS nucleotides, only one, marked by a + corresponds to a nucleotide that is 100% conserved in hAT transposons.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "among") (:form . "Among") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "necessary") (:form . "necessary") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "nucleotide") (:form . "nucleotides") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 36) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 41) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mark") (:form . "marked") (:end . 53) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "SYM") (:stem . "+") (:form . "+") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "correspond") (:form . "corresponds") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nucleotide") (:form . "nucleotide") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 93) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "100") (:form . "100") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 118) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 131) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.373) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102113@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The critical third nucleotide of the hAT 5? termini is always G, as opposed to C in the RSS heptamer.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "critical") (:form . "critical") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third") (:form . "third") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nucleotide") (:form . "nucleotide") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "termini") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 54) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "always") (:form . "always") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G") (:form . "G") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "oppose") (:form . "opposed") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RSS") (:form . "RSS") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heptamer") (:form . "heptamer") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.374) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102114@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is also clear from the alignment that the hAT termini do not have any second conserved block, which is expected to be preserved if RSSs have evolved from hAT termini.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "clear") (:form . "clear") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alignment") (:form . "alignment") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "termini") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "do") (:form . "do") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 72) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "second") (:form . "second") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "conserve") (:form . "conserved") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "block") (:form . "block") (:end . 95) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "expect") (:form . "expected") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "preserve") (:form . "preserved") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 133) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rss") (:form . "RSSs") (:end . 138) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 143) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "evolve") (:form . "evolved") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 156) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 160) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "termini") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 169) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x6.375.1) (:span 106 114)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x6.375.2) (:span 60 63)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x6.375.1) (:span 97 168)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x6.375.2) (:span 60 95)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s6.375) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102115@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Hobo (GenBank number X04705), Homer (AF110403), Hermes (L34807), Ac9 (K01904), Tam3_AM (X55078), TAG1 (L12220), Pegasus (U47019) are active hAT transposons from fruit fly, Queensland fruit fly, house fly, maize, snapdragon, thale-cress, and African malaria mosquito, respectively.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hobo") (:form . "Hobo") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 6) (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "x04705") (:form . "X04705") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 28) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Homer") (:form . "Homer") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AF110403") (:form . "AF110403") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Herme") (:form . "Hermes") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "L34807") (:form . "L34807") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ac9") (:form . "Ac9") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "K01904") (:form . "K01904") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 77) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Tam3_AM") (:form . "Tam3_AM") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X55078") (:form . "X55078") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TAG1") (:form . "TAG1") (:end . 101) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "L12220") (:form . "L12220") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pegasus") (:form . "Pegasus") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "u47019") (:form . "U47019") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . "active") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 160) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 170) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Queensland") (:form . "Queensland") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 172) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 188)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 192) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "house") (:form . "house") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 203) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "maize") (:form . "maize") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "snapdragon") (:form . "snapdragon") (:end . 222)\n (:start . 212) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 223) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "thale-cress") (:form . "thale-cress") (:end . 235)\n (:start . 224) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 236) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 240) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "african") (:form . "African") (:end . 248)\n (:start . 241) (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "malaria") (:form . "malaria") (:end . 256)\n (:start . 249) (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mosquito") (:form . "mosquito") (:end . 265)\n (:start . 257) (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 266) (:start . 265)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "respectively") (:form . "respectively") (:end . 279)\n (:start . 267) (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 280) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 105)))@@@1@64@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.376) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102116@unknown@formal@none@1@S@HOPPER_BD is from oriental fruit fly (GenBank AF486809).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HOPPER_BD") (:form . "HOPPER_BD") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "oriental") (:form . "oriental") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AF486809") (:form . "AF486809") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.377) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102117@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The consensus sequences of hAT-1N_DP and hAT-1N_DP (nonautonomous transposons from fruit fly, D. pseudoobscura); HAT1N_DR, hAT-2n1_DR, and hAT-N19_DR (nonautonomous transposons from zebrafish); CHARLIE1A and CHESHIRE (human); hAT-N1_SP (sea urchin); ATHAT1, ATHAT7, and ATHAT10 (thale-cress); PegasusA, HATN4_AG, and hAT-2N_AG (African malaria mosquito) were reported in Repbase Update.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "consensus") (:form . "consensus") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "hAT-1N_DP") (:form . "hAT-1N_DP") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat-1n_dp") (:form . "hAT-1N_DP") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonautonomous") (:form . "nonautonomous")\n (:end . 65) (:start . 52) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fruit") (:form . "fruit") (:end . 88) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "pseudoobscura") (:form . "pseudoobscura")\n (:end . 110) (:start . 97) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HAT1N_DR") (:form . "HAT1N_DR") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 122) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "hAT-2n1_DR") (:form . "hAT-2n1_DR") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 138) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "hAT-N19_DR") (:form . "hAT-N19_DR") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 151) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "nonautonomous") (:form . "nonautonomous")\n (:end . 164) (:start . 151) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 181) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "zebrafish") (:form . "zebrafish") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 182) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 192) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CHARLIE1A") (:form . "CHARLIE1A") (:end . 203)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CHESHIRE") (:form . "CHESHIRE") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "match") (:form . "matches") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Transib") (:form . "Transib") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "TPase") (:form . "TPase") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AC011430") (:form . "AC011430") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HTGs") (:form . "HTGs") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . 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"NN") (:stem . "contamination") (:form . "contamination")\n (:end . 209) (:start . 196) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 217) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 234)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "100") (:form . "100") (:end . 238) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 239) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "identical") (:form . "identical") (:end . 249)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "copy") (:form . "copies") (:end . 256)\n (:start . 250) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 259) (:start . 257)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 263) (:start . 260)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-long") (:form . "non-long") (:end . 272)\n (:start . 264) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "terminal") (:form . "terminal") (:end . 281)\n (:start . 273) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "repeat") (:form . "repeat") (:end . 288)\n (:start . 282) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 290) (:start . 289)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "LTR") (:form . "LTR") (:end . 293) (:start . 290)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 294) (:start . 293)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "retrotransposon") (:form . "retrotransposon")\n (:end . 310) (:start . 295) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G2_DM") (:form . "G2_DM") (:end . 316)\n (:start . 311) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 318) (:start . 317)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17") (:form . "17") (:end . 320) (:start . 318)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 321) (:start . 320)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 326) (:start . 322)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "D.") (:form . "D.") (:end . 329) (:start . 327)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "melanogaster") (:form . "melanogaster")\n (:end . 342) (:start . 330) (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 343) (:start . 342)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 344) (:start . 343)\n (:id . 101)))@@@1@60@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.383) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102123@unknown@formal@none@1@S@GC Content of Target Sites for hAT Transposons@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GC") (:form . "GC") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Content") (:form . "Content") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Target") (:form . "Target") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Site") (:form . "Sites") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "Transposons") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.384) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|TableLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102124@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The table shows that hAT transposons are inserted preferentially into GC-rich sites.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "table") (:form . "table") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hat") (:form . "hAT") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposons") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "insert") (:form . "inserted") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "preferentially") (:form . "preferentially")\n (:end . 64) (:start . 50) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "gc-rich") (:form . "GC-rich") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.385) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102125@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Each of the 35-bp insertion sites corresponds to two 14-bp and 13-bp DNA fragments flanking a genomic hAT element at its 5? and 3? termini; one of the 8-bp TSDs (flanking the 3? terminus of a transposon) was excluded in each case.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "Each") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "35-bp") (:form . "35-bp") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . 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"NNS") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "termini") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "8-bp") (:form . "8-bp") (:end . 155) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tsd") (:form . "TSDs") (:end . 160) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "flank") (:form . "flanking") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 174) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "terminus") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 189) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transposon") (:form . "transposon") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 192) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "exclude") (:form . "excluded") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 219) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 224) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "case") (:form . "case") (:end . 229) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 230) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 90)))@@@1@49@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.386) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102126@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Analogously, the 15-bp insertion sites were composed of two 4-bp and 3-bp flanking fragments.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "analogously") (:form . "Analogously") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "15-bp") (:form . "15-bp") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . "insertion") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . 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(:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.387) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102127@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(1) GenBank accession number U47019; (2) Repbase Update, the angrep.ref section; (3) GenBank X04705; (4) Repbase Update, the drorep.ref section; (5) Repbase Update, spurep.ref; (6)Repbase Updates, the zebrep.ref section.@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "LS") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GenBank") (:form . "GenBank") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "accession") (:form . "accession") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"NNP") (:stem . "HAT-N19_DR") (:form . "HAT-N19_DR") (:end . 265)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 268) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 272) (:start . 269)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "zebrafish") (:form . "zebrafish") (:end . 282)\n (:start . 273) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 289)\n (:start . 283) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 290) (:start . 289)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:identifiers (:sid . :s6.389) (:did . :pmc1131882) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102130@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Abstract@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "abstract") (:form . "Abstract") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.2) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102131@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme present in all organisms that catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Adenosine") (:form . "Adenosine") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "deaminase") (:form . "deaminase") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADA") (:form . "ADA") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 25) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . 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(:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.3) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102132@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Both adenosine and deoxyadenosine are biologically active purines that can have a deep impact on cellular physiology; notably, ADA deficiency in humans causes severe combined immunodeficiency.@(((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "Both") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adenosine") (:form . "adenosine") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deoxyadenosine") (:form . "deoxyadenosine")\n (:end . 33) (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "biologically") (:form . 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(:end . 251) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.5) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102134@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Here we show that the hemocytes (blood cells) are the main regulator of adenosine in the Drosophila larva, as was speculated previously for mammals.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "Here") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hemocyte") (:form . "hemocytes") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . 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(:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.6) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102135@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The elevated level of adenosine in the hemolymph due to lack of ADGF-A leads to apparently inconsistent phenotypic effects: precocious metamorphic changes including differentiation of macrophage-like cells and fat body disintegration on one hand, and delay of development with block of pupariation on the other.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "elevated") (:form . "elevated") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "level") (:form . "level") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adenosine") (:form . 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"on") (:end . 300) (:start . 298)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 304) (:start . 301)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 310)\n (:start . 305) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 311) (:start . 310)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.7.1) (:span 80 90)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x7.7.2) (:span 56 60)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.7.1) (:span 80 122)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.7.2) (:span 56 70)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.7) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102136@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The block of pupariation appears to involve signaling through the adenosine receptor (AdoR), but fat body disintegration, which is promoted by action of the hemocytes, seems to be independent of the AdoR.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"be") (:end . 179) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "independent") (:form . "independent") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 194) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 198) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ador") (:form . "AdoR") (:end . 203) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 204) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.8.1) (:span 168 173)) ((:id . :x7.8.2) (:span 25 32)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.8.1) (:span 97 203)) ((:id . :x7.8.2) (:span 0 91)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.8) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102137@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The existence of such an independent mechanism has also been suggested in mammals.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.13) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102142@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It is one of the most severe human immunodeficiencies and is associated with depletion of all three major categories of lymphocytes: T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, resulting in impaired cellular immunity and decreased production of immunoglobulins [2].@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . 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(:end . 265) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 88)))@@@1@47@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.14) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102143@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Without intervention, the affected individuals die from opportunistic infections within the first few months of life.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "Without") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "intervention") (:form . "intervention") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "affected") (:form . "affected") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "individual") (:form . "individuals") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "die") (:form . 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"life") (:end . 116) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.15.1) (:span 0 7)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.15.1) (:span 0 20)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.15) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102144@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ADA occurs as a soluble monomer in all human cells, but also exists as “ecto-ADA,” bound to the membrane glycoprotein CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV, and it has been suggested that this form of ADA regulates extracellular adenosine levels [3].@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADA") (:form . "ADA") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "occur") (:form . "occurs") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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"9") (:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.25) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102154@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The duplication of a small region of chromosome 22 containing this gene is associated with “cat eye syndrome,” a disorder characterized by hypoplastic kidneys, congenital heart malformation, and anomalous pulmonary venous connections.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "duplication") (:form . "duplication") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "small") (:form . "small") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "region") (:form . "region") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromosome") (:form . "chromosome") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "22") (:form . "22") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "containing") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associated") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 90) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "``") (:stem . "“") (:form . "“") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cat") (:form . "cat") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "eye") (:form . "eye") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "syndrome") (:form . "syndrome") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "”") (:form . "”") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "disorder") (:form . "disorder") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 113) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "characterize") (:form . "characterized")\n (:end . 135) (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 138) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hypoplastic") (:form . "hypoplastic") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "kidney") (:form . "kidneys") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "congenital") (:form . "congenital") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "heart") (:form . "heart") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "malformation") (:form . "malformation") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 194) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "anomalous") (:form . "anomalous") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pulmonary") (:form . "pulmonary") (:end . 214)\n (:start . 205) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "venous") (:form . "venous") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 215) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "connection") (:form . "connections") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.26) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102155@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The founding member of this subfamily is encoded by insect-derived growth factor(IDGF) [10], and homologs have been described in various organisms [11–14].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "found") (:form . "founding") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "member") (:form . "member") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subfamily") (:form . "subfamily") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "insect-derived") (:form . "insect-derived")\n (:end . 66) (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "growth") (:form . "growth") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor(IDGF)") (:form . "factor(IDGF)") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 115) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "various") (:form . "various") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "organism") (:form . "organisms") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "11–14") (:form . "11–14") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 154) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.27) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102156@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have previously found six Drosophila genes with sequence similarity to the CECR1 subfamily [15].@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "six") (:form . "six") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "genes") (:end . 45) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cecr1") (:form . "CECR1") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "subfamily") (:form . "subfamily") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "15") (:form . "15") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.28) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102157@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Their products are mitogenic on Drosophila cells, and at least two of them (ADGF-A and ADGF-D) exhibit strong ADA activity, which is necessary for their mitogenic function.@(((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "Their") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "product") (:form . "products") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mitogenic") (:form . "mitogenic") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 31) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 48) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 56) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 74) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-D") (:form . "ADGF-D") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "exhibit") (:form . "exhibit") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "strong") (:form . "strong") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADA") (:form . "ADA") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 132) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "necessary") (:form . "necessary") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mitogenic") (:form . "mitogenic") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.29) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102158@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We therefore named them adenosine deaminase-related growth factors (ADGFs).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "name") (:form . "named") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 23) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adenosine") (:form . "adenosine") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "deaminase-related") (:form . "deaminase-related")\n (:end . 51) (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "growth") (:form . "growth") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF") (:form . "ADGFs") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.30) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102160@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Drosophila also contains a gene, termed Ada, with sequence similarity to human ADA, but as we have previously shown the product of this gene is most likely not an active ADA [16].@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 32) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "term") (:form . "termed") (:end . 39) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ada") (:form . "Ada") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 44) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 58)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "similarity") (:form . "similarity") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "human") (:form . "human") (:end . 78) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADA") (:form . "ADA") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "product") (:form . "product") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 135) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 140) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 148) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "likely") (:form . "likely") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 159) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 162) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . "active") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADA") (:form . "ADA") (:end . 173) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "16") (:form . "16") (:end . 177) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 178) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.32.2) (:span 149 155)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x7.32.1) (:span 156 159)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.32.2) (:span 149 173)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.32.1) (:span 156 173)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.32) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102161@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this report we show that a null mutation in Drosophila ADGF-A gene leads to dramatically increased levels of adenosine and deoxyadenosine in the larval hemolymph.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "report") (:form . "report") (:end . 14) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "null") (:form . "null") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . 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"NN") (:stem . "body") (:form . "body") (:end . 82) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "melanotic") (:form . "melanotic") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tumor") (:form . "tumors") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.34) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102163@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We present a detailed analysis of the hematopoietic defects associated with the adgf-a mutation, show a genetic interaction of this mutation with signaling through the Drosophila adenosine receptor (AdoR, encoded by the gene CG9753) and with regulation of premetamorphic changes by ecdysone, as well as a genetic interaction of ADGF-A with a major innate immunity regulator—the Toll signaling pathway.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "detailed") (:form . 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"signaling") (:end . 392)\n (:start . 383) (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathway") (:end . 400)\n (:start . 393) (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 401) (:start . 400)\n (:id . 108)))@@@1@67@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.35) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102164@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Results@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "Results") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.36) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102165@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mutation in the ADGF-A Gene Causes Larval Death and Melanotic Tumors@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "Mutation") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gene") (:form . "Gene") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Causes") (:form . "Causes") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Larval") (:form . "Larval") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Death") (:form . "Death") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Melanotic") (:form . "Melanotic") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Tumor") (:form . "Tumors") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.37) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102166@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We produced mutations in five of the six ADGF genes by homologous recombination mutagenesis [17] and showed that loss of the most abundantly expressed gene, ADGF-A, leads to death in the larval or pupal stage.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "produce") (:form . "produced") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "five") (:form . "five") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"pupal") (:form . "pupal") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stage") (:form . "stage") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.38) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102167@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Under optimal conditions (20–30 isolated homozygous larvae per vial), about 60% of larvae homozygous for the adgf-a mutation reach the third instar.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "Under") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "optimal") (:form . "optimal") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "condition") (:form . "conditions") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . 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"IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larvae") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homozygous") (:form . "homozygous") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adgf-a") (:form . "adgf-a") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "reach") (:form . "reach") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third") (:form . "third") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "instar") (:form . "instar") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.39) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102168@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Development during the third larval instar is significantly delayed, and wandering homozygous larvae usually appear 2 d after their heterozygous siblings, which start wandering at about 5 d of development.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Development") (:form . "Development") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third") (:form . "third") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "larval") (:form . 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"start") (:end . 166)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "wander") (:form . "wandering") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 167) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 179) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 187) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "d") (:form . "d") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 192) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 193) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 205) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.40) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102170@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mutant third-instar larvae show fat body disintegration (Figure 1A and 1B) and multiple melanotic tumors (Figure 1C), predominantly in the caudal part of the body and accompanied by disintegration of the fat body.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "Mutant") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third-instar") (:form . "third-instar") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larvae") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "fat") (:form . "fat") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "body") (:form . 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"fat") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "body") (:form . "body") (:end . 212) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.42) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102171@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Melanization of the lymph glands was never observed in these larvae, and the imaginal discs and brain appear normal.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "melanization") (:form . "Melanization") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lymph") (:form . "lymph") (:end . 25) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gland") (:form . 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"disc") (:form . "discs") (:end . 91) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "brain") (:form . "brain") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appear") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "normal") (:form . "normal") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.43.1) (:span 37 42)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.43.1) (:span 0 67)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.43) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102172@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Less than 30% of homozygotes eventually pupate.@(((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "less") (:form . "Less") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "30") (:form . "30") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "%") (:form . "%") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homozygote") (:form . "homozygotes") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "eventually") (:form . "eventually") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "pupate") (:form . "pupate") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.44) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102173@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Homozygous pupae usually die soon after pupariation; in some cases they develop normal head and thorax imaginal structures; however, abdominal parts usually do not develop.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homozygous") (:form . "Homozygous") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pupa") (:form . "pupae") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "usually") (:form . "usually") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "die") (:form . "die") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "soon") (:form . "soon") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "after") (:form . "after") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"not") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "develop") (:form . "develop") (:end . 171)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.45.1) (:span 160 163)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.45.1) (:span 160 171)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.45) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102174@unknown@formal@none@1@S@There is also an abnormal curvature (to the right) of the pupal abdomen (Figure 1D).@(((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "There") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "abnormal") (:form . 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"(") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "1d") (:form . "1D") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.46) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102175@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Less than 2% of mutant pupae develop normally and eventually emerge as adults without any obvious abnormalities besides the abdominal curvature; some of them are sterile.@(((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "less") (:form . "Less") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "than") (:form . "than") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . 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"some") (:form . "some") (:end . 149) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 152) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 157) (:start . 153)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sterile") (:form . "sterile") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.47.1) (:span 78 85)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.47.1) (:span 78 143)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.47) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102176@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To confirm that the mutant phenotype is caused solely by a mutation in the ADGF-A gene, we created transgenic flies carrying the ADGF-A gene under a heat-shock promoter (HS-ADGF-A).@(((:tag . 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")") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.48.1) (:span 0 10)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.48.1) (:span 0 86)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.48) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102177@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The adgf-a homozygous flies carrying the HS-ADGF-A construct showed survival rates significantly higher than adgf-a even without heat shock, probably due to leaky expression of the HS-ADGF-A construct (Figure 2A).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adgf-a") (:form . "adgf-a") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homozygous") (:form . "homozygous") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "fly") (:form . 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(:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.49.1) (:span 141 149)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x7.49.2) (:span 121 128)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.49.1) (:span 141 200)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.49.2) (:span 121 139)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.49) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102178@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, while non-heat shocked animals still produced many melanotic tumors, only 22% of animals that were heat shocked as late embryos/early first instar developed these tumors (Figure 2B).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "non-heat") (:form . "non-heat") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.50) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102180@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This conclusion is further supported by the even more efficient rescue achieved by expression of transgenically provided ADGF-A in the lymph glands using the Gal4/UAS system (see below).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "conclusion") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "support") (:form . "supported") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"(") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 178) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "below") (:form . "below") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 185) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.52) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102181@unknown@formal@none@1@S@adgf-a Mutant Phenotype@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adgf-a") (:form . "adgf-a") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "Mutant") (:end . 13) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Phenotype") (:form . 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"Function") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.68) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102197@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To test whether the function of ADGF-A in vivo is also dependent on its catalytic activity, we produced two versions of the UAS-ADGF-A construct [18]: one carrying wild-type cDNA of ADGF-A and one carrying an ADGF-A cDNA with a mutation causing a substitution of two amino acids (H386G and A387E) in the catalytic domain [16].@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "test") (:form . "test") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "whether") (:form . "whether") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . 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"the") (:form . "the") (:end . 303) (:start . 300)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 313)\n (:start . 304) (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 320)\n (:start . 314) (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 322) (:start . 321)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "16") (:form . "16") (:end . 324) (:start . 322)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 325) (:start . 324)\n (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 326) (:start . 325)\n (:id . 105)))@@@1@64@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.69.1) (:span 8 15)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.69.1) (:span 8 90)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.69) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102198@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Two different lines carrying the wild-type UAS-ADGF-A expression construct together with an Actin-Gal4 driver (providing ubiquitous expression) both completely rescued the mutant phenotype, whereas larvae with UAS-ADGF-A but without the driver showed the typical mutant phenotype.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "Two") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "carry") (:form . "carrying") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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"showed") (:end . 250)\n (:start . 244) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 254) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "typical") (:form . "typical") (:end . 262)\n (:start . 255) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 269)\n (:start . 263) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . "phenotype") (:end . 279)\n (:start . 270) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 280) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.70.1) (:span 225 232)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.70.1) (:span 225 243)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.70) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102200@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This result therefore demonstrates that the catalytic activity of ADGF-A is required for its function in vivo.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "demonstrate") (:form . "demonstrates") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "catalytic") (:form . "catalytic") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vivo") (:form . "vivo") (:end . 109) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.72) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102201@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Hemocyte Development Is Affected in the adgf-a Mutant@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hemocyte") (:form . "Hemocyte") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Development") (:form . "Development") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "Is") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "affect") (:form . "Affected") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adgf-a") (:form . "adgf-a") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Mutant") (:form . "Mutant") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.73) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102202@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We investigated the number and morphology of hemocytes (blood cells) in the hemolymph of the adgf-a late third-instar larvae (Figures 3 and 4).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "investigate") (:form . "investigated") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "morphology") (:form . "morphology") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 143) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.74) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102203@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These larvae contain an average of seven-fold more hemocytes in circulation than wild-type larvae (Figure 3).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larvae") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "average") (:form . "average") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "seven-fold") (:form . 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"]") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.79.1) (:span 29 32)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.79.1) (:span 29 90)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.79) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102208@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, the lymph glands of adgf-a mutant larvae are already dispersed in the late third instar.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lymph") (:form . "lymph") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "gland") (:form . "glands") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "instar") (:form . "instar") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.80) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102210@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To analyze hemocytes in living larvae, we used the Hemolectin marker (Hml) [21].@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyze") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hemocyte") (:form . "hemocytes") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "live") (:form . "living") (:end . 30) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larvae") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 46) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hemolectin") (:form . "Hemolectin") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "marker") (:form . "marker") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 70) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hml") (:form . "Hml") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21") (:form . "21") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.82) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102211@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We compared the number and distribution of hemocytes stained by GFP in flies carrying hml-Gal4 UAS-GFP in wild-type and mutant backgrounds.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hemocyte") (:form . "hemocytes") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "stain") (:form . "stained") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GFP") (:form . "GFP") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "flies") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "carry") (:form . "carrying") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hml-gal4") (:form . "hml-Gal4") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "uas-gfp") (:form . "UAS-GFP") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "wild-type") (:form . "wild-type") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "background") (:form . "backgrounds") (:end . 138)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.83) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102212@unknown@formal@none@1@S@While there are relatively few hemocytes, mostly free-floating in the hemolymph, in early third-instar wild-type larvae (see Figure 4I), a much higher number of hemocytes, which are mostly attached to the tissues under the integument (described as sessile hemocytes in [19]), was observed in mutant larvae (see Figure 4J).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "While") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "there") (:end . 11) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "relatively") (:form . "relatively") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "few") (:form . 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"larvae") (:end . 305)\n (:start . 299) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 307) (:start . 306)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 310) (:start . 307)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 317)\n (:start . 311) (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "4j") (:form . "4J") (:end . 320) (:start . 318)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 321) (:start . 320)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 322) (:start . 321)\n (:id . 104)))@@@1@63@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.84) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102213@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A similar behavior was detected later in wild-type larvae, toward the end of the third instar (see Figure 4H).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "behavior") (:form . "behavior") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "later") (:form . "later") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "wild-type") (:form . "wild-type") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larvae") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "toward") (:form . "toward") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.85) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102214@unknown@formal@none@1@S@At this stage, the Hml marker disappeared from the most of the hemocytes in mutants (see Figure 4F and 4G).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "At") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stage") (:form . "stage") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hml") (:form . "Hml") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "marker") (:form . "marker") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . 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"NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "4f") (:form . "4F") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "4g") (:form . "4G") (:end . 105) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.86) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102215@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Number of Circulating Hemocytes in Late Third-Instar Larvae@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "Number") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "circulate") (:form . 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"NNP") (:stem . "GFP") (:form . "GFP") (:end . 145) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 153) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stage") (:form . "stage") (:end . 159)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "G") (:form . "G") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.97) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102226@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(H–J) Fluorescence microscopy of living larvae with Hml-GFP stained hemocytes (magnification 40×; scale bar, 100 ?m).@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H–J") (:form . "H–J") (:end . 4) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Fluorescence") (:form . "Fluorescence") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "microscopy") (:form . "microscopy") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "live") (:form . "living") (:end . 39) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larvae") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 51) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hml-GFP") (:form . "Hml-GFP") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "stain") (:form . "stained") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hemocyte") (:form . "hemocytes") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "magnification") (:form . "magnification")\n (:end . 92) (:start . 79) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "40×") (:form . "40×") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scale") (:form . "scale") (:end . 103) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bar") (:form . "bar") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "100") (:form . "100") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "?m") (:form . "?m") (:end . 115) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 117) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.98) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102227@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Posterior part of late third-instar wild-type larva (H).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "posterior") (:form . "Posterior") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "part") (:form . "part") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "late") (:form . "late") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third-instar") (:form . "third-instar") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "wild-type") (:form . "wild-type") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larva") (:end . 51) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H") (:form . "H") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.99) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102228@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Middle sections of early third-instar larvae of wild type (I) and adgf-a mutant (J).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "middle") (:form . "Middle") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "section") (:form . "sections") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "early") (:form . "early") (:end . 24) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third-instar") (:form . "third-instar") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larvae") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "wild") (:form . "wild") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "type") (:form . "type") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 59) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "i") (:form . "I") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 61) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adgf-a") (:form . "adgf-a") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "J") (:form . "J") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.100) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102230@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Crystal cells were visualized by heating larvae of different genotypes at 60 °C for 10 min [46].@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "crystal") (:form . "Crystal") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "visualize") (:form . "visualized") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "heat") (:form . "heating") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larvae") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 50) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genotype") (:form . "genotypes") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 61) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 73) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "60") (:form . "60") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "°C") (:form . "°C") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 83) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 86) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "min") (:form . "min") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "46") (:form . "46") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.102) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102231@unknown@formal@none@1@S@(A) Wild-type larva, (B) adgf-a single mutant, (C) adoR adgf-a double mutant (scale bar, 0.5 mm).@(((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 1) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 2) (:start . 1)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "wild-type") (:form . "Wild-type") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larva") (:end . 19) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 23) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adgf-a") (:form . "adgf-a") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 46) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 48) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "adoR") (:form . "adoR") (:end . 55) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adgf-a") (:form . "adgf-a") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "double") (:form . "double") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scale") (:form . "scale") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bar") (:form . "bar") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "0.5") (:form . "0.5") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mm") (:form . "mm") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.103) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102232@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The adgf-a Mutant Phenotype Is Rescued by Expression of ADGF-A in the Lymph Glands@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adgf-a") (:form . "adgf-a") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "Mutant") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Phenotype") (:form . "Phenotype") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "Is") (:end . 30) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "rescue") (:form . "Rescued") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Lymph") (:form . "Lymph") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Glands") (:form . "Glands") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.104) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102233@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To distinguish which tissues require ADGF-A expression for proper development, we tested for rescue of adgf-a lethality by expressing ADGF-A in specific subsets of larval tissues.@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "distinguish") (:form . "distinguish") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tissue") (:form . "tissues") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "require") (:form . "require") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 44) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "proper") (:form . "proper") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "we") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "test") (:form . "tested") (:end . 88) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rescue") (:form . "rescue") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adgf-a") (:form . "adgf-a") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lethality") (:form . "lethality") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressing") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 143) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "subset") (:form . "subsets") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 163) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "larval") (:form . "larval") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 164) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tissue") (:form . "tissues") (:end . 178)\n (:start . 171) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 179) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.105.1) (:span 82 88)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.105.1) (:span 82 178)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.105) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102234@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A transgenic line carrying the UAS-ADGF-A construct on Chromosome II was crossed to lines expressing the Gal4 driver [18] in different tissues (Table 1).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transgenic") (:form . "transgenic") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "line") (:form . "line") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "carry") (:form . "carrying") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 261) (:start . 260)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.107) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102236@unknown@formal@none@1@S@No line expressing the Gal4 driver exclusively in the lymph glands has been reported, so we used a combination of lines sharing in common the feature of Gal4 driver expression in the lymph glands.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "No") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "line") (:form . "line") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressing") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gal4") (:form . "Gal4") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "driver") (:form . "driver") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . 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(:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 77)))@@@1@36@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.108.1) (:span 0 2)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.108.1) (:span 0 84)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.108) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102237@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The results (see Figure 2 and Table 1) clearly demonstrate that expression of ADGF-A in the lymph glands (driven by Cg-Gal4,e33C-Gal4, or c564-Gal4), but not in any other tissue examined, is necessary and sufficient to fully rescue the adgf-a lethality.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . 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"lethality") (:end . 252)\n (:start . 243) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 253) (:start . 252)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.109.1) (:span 154 157)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.109.1) (:span 154 186)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.109) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102238@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In e33C-Gal4/UAS-ADGF-A, strong expression of ADGF-A in all lobes of developing lymph glands (but not in circulating hemocytes) reduces the number of hemocytes in the hemolymph to almost normal levels (see Figure 3).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e33c-gal4/uas-adgf-a")\n (:form . "e33C-Gal4/UAS-ADGF-A") (:end . 23) (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "strong") (:form . 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"(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 94) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 101) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "circulate") (:form . "circulating") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hemocyte") (:form . "hemocytes") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 127) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "reduce") (:form . "reduces") (:end . 135)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "number") (:form . "number") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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"see") (:end . 205) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 212)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 216) (:start . 215)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.110) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102240@unknown@formal@none@1@S@However, when assayed by survival rate and melanotic tumor formation, the rescue by Cg-Gal4 is full and similar to that of e33C-Gal4 (see Figure 2).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "However") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . 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"NN") (:stem . "rescue") (:form . "rescue") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cg-gal4") (:form . "Cg-Gal4") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "full") (:form . "full") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 119) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "e33c-gal4") (:form . "e33C-Gal4") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 137) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 146) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.112) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102241@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The difference in effectiveness may be explained by the different expression patterns of the drivers.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "difference") (:form . "difference") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effectiveness") (:form . "effectiveness")\n (:end . 31) (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "explain") (:form . "explained") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 55) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 65)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pattern") (:form . "patterns") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "driver") (:form . "drivers") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.113.1) (:span 32 35)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.113.1) (:span 0 100)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.113) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102242@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Cg-Gal4 is expressed only in certain compartments of lymph gland lobes containing relatively mature hemocytes, and strongly in most circulating hemocytes [22, 23].@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Cg-Gal4") (:form . "Cg-Gal4") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"containing") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "relatively") (:form . "relatively") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mature") (:form . "mature") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hemocyte") (:form . "hemocytes") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strongly") (:form . "strongly") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 131) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "circulate") (:form . "circulating") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hemocyte") (:form . "hemocytes") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "22") (:form . "22") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "23") (:form . "23") (:end . 161) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.114) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102243@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The C564-Gal4 driver is not expressed as strongly as e33C-Gal4, but is still uniformly expressed in the lymph glands; it also fully rescued the mutant phenotype.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"it") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 125) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "fully") (:form . "fully") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "rescue") (:form . "rescued") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . "phenotype") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.115.1) (:span 24 27)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.115.1) (:span 24 62)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.115) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102244@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have tried two different insertions of the Dot-Gal4 construct.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "try") (:form . "tried") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "different") (:form . "different") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . "insertions") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 45) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dot-gal4") (:form . "Dot-Gal4") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "construct") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 52)))@@@1@11@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.116) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102245@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Dot-Gal411C on Chromosome II, which shows weak expression [24], did not rescue the phenotype, but a Dot-Gal443A insertion on Chromosome X, which shows stronger expression, rescued approximately half of the mutant animals (Figure 2).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dot-Gal411C") (:form . 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"rescued") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "approximately") (:form . "approximately")\n (:end . 197) (:start . 184) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "half") (:form . "half") (:end . 202) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 205) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 209) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "animal") (:form . "animals") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 217) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 226) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 235) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 236) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.117.1) (:span 72 75)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.117.1) (:span 72 96)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.117) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102246@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Nearly all rescued individuals were males, suggesting that expression of the Gal4 driver was influenced by X-chromosome dosage compensation, and expression in females heterozygous for Dot-Gal4 was not strong enough for rescue.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "nearly") (:form . "Nearly") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "rescue") (:form . "rescued") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "individual") (:form . 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(:end . 226) (:start . 225)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.118.2) (:span 43 53)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x7.118.1) (:span 197 200)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.118.2) (:span 43 179)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.118.1) (:span 184 225)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.118) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102247@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Expression of ADGF-A in salivary glands and fat body (as well as in other tissues) is not required for full rescue, as demonstrated by use of the Cg-Gal4,Dot-Gal4, but especially by e33C-Gal4 driver, and is also not sufficient to rescue the phenotype at all, as demonstrated by T110-Gal4 and Lsp2-Gal4 (Table 1).@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . 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(:end . 312) (:start . 311)\n (:id . 102)))@@@1@61@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.119.1) (:span 212 215))\n ((:id . :x7.119.2) (:span 86 89)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.119.1) (:span 212 257))\n ((:id . :x7.119.2) (:span 0 114)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.119) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102248@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since ADGF-A is strongly expressed in embryonic mesoderm [16], we have tried to rescue the phenotype by the expression of ADGF-A in embryonic and larval muscle cells using the Dmef2-Gal4 driver [25].@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "strongly") (:form . "strongly") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . 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(:end . 297) (:start . 296)\n (:id . 91)))@@@1@50@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.150.2) (:span 110 117)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x7.150.1) (:span 245 256)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.150.2) (:span 110 296)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.150.1) (:span 245 296)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.150) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102280@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have identified a putative homolog of the mammalian adenosine receptor family in the Drosophila genome, AdoR, and produced a null mutation in this gene using homologous recombination (adoR; ED, unpublished data).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "identify") (:form . "identified") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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"JJ") (:stem . "unpublished") (:form . "unpublished") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.152) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102281@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The adoR mutants are fully viable.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "adoR") (:form . "adoR") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutants") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "fully") (:form . 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(:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.154.1) (:span 32 42)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.154.1) (:span 32 195)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.154) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102283@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The results show that introducing the adoR mutation into the adgf-a background significantly increases pupariation, as well as adult emerging rate, compared to the adgf-a single mutant (Figure 6B).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "introduce") (:form . "introducing") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.177) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102306@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Since the adgf-a mutant shows certain precocious metamorphic changes (macrophage differentiation and fat body disintegration), we speculated that a reduced ecdysteroid level could be caused by precocious degeneration of the prothoracic part of the ring gland.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "Since") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adgf-a") (:form . "adgf-a") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutant") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "certain") (:form . 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")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 214) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 215) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.179.1) (:span 52 55)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.179.1) (:span 9 195)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.179) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102308@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We also used a transgenic line carrying the Sgs?3-GFP construct, which was previously used to monitor the effects of ecdysteroid levels on glue protein expression in salivary glands [32].@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 345) (:start . 344)\n (:id . 107)))@@@1@66@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.186) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102315@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A zygotic null mutation in cactus (cact; a Drosophila inhibitor of NF-?B) leads to hyperproliferation of hemocytes, melanotic tumor formation, disintegration of fat body, and slower larval development, with 60% larval lethality, as well as a thin body-shape phenotype [35].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "zygotic") (:form . "zygotic") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "null") (:form . "null") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"NN") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . "phenotype") (:end . 267)\n (:start . 258) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 269) (:start . 268)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "35") (:form . "35") (:end . 271) (:start . 269)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 272) (:start . 271)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 273) (:start . 272)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.187) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102316@unknown@formal@none@1@S@All of these phenotypes are strikingly similar to the abnormalities seen in adgf-a mutants, which was our first clue as to a possible interaction of ADGF-A with the Toll signaling pathway.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "All") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 188) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.188.1) (:span 125 133)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.188.1) (:span 125 187)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.188) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102317@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We hypothesized that the activity of ADGF-A is suppressed by Toll signaling, resulting in similar phenotypes of the adgf-a mutation and constitutive activation of Toll pathway.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "hypothesize") (:form . "hypothesized") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"Toll") (:end . 167) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathway") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 176) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.189.1) (:span 3 15)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.189.1) (:span 3 175)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.189) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102318@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To test this hypothesis, we crossed transgenic flies carrying ADGF-A gene under the control of a heat-shock promoter on Chromosome II (HS-ADGF-A) with cactE8 (a lethal allele of cact on Chromosome II, which, in combination with cactD13, results in a zygotic null combination, or, with cactIIIG, results in zygotic hypomorphic combination).@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "test") (:form . 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(:end . 339) (:start . 338)\n (:id . 104)))@@@1@63@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.190) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102320@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The rescue could be increased by multiple heat shocks before pupariation to 7-fold (unpublished data).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rescue") (:form . "rescue") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increased") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "multiple") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 33) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.192) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102321@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The suppression of melanotic tumor formation is also significant (from more than 80% down to 26%, Figure 8B).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "suppression") (:form . "suppression") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "melanotic") (:form . "melanotic") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tumor") (:form . "tumor") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "formation") (:form . "formation") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 109) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.193) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102322@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The most severe cact null mutation (cactE8/cactD13), leading to developmental arrest in larvae (less than 8% pupate), is partially rescued in animals with overexpression of ADGF-A when the pupariation rate is increased 3-fold (Figure 8A).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "severe") (:form . "severe") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cact") (:form . "cact") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "null") (:form . "null") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . 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"the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "x-axis") (:form . "x-axis") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shows") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genotype") (:form . "genotypes") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "share") (:form . "shared") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "B") (:form . "B") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 54) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.199) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102328@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Flies heterozygous for the cact mutation were used as a control.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "Flies") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "heterozygous") (:form . "heterozygous") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cact") (:form . "cact") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"Discussion") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.202) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102331@unknown@formal@none@1@S@ADA Deficiency in Drosophila Causes Abnormal Hemocyte Development, Melanotic Tumor Formation, Fat Body Degeneration, and Delayed Development@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADA") (:form . "ADA") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Deficiency") (:form . "Deficiency") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Causes") (:form . "Causes") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Abnormal") (:form . "Abnormal") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . 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",") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Delayed") (:form . "Delayed") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Development") (:form . "Development") (:end . 140)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.203) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102332@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We have established an ADA deficiency model in Drosophila in order to study the effects of altered adenosine levels in vivo.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "establish") (:form . "established") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . 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(:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.204) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102333@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We produced a loss-of-function mutation in the ADGF-A gene, which produces a product (ADGF-A) with ADA activity.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "produce") (:form . "produced") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "loss-of-function") (:form . "loss-of-function")\n (:end . 30) (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"with") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADA") (:form . "ADA") (:end . 102) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.205) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102334@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When homozygous, the mutation causes abnormal hemocyte development, leading to melanotic tumor formation [36], as well as fat-body disintegration associated with death during the larval stage or delayed transition to the pupal stage of development.@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "homozygous") (:form . "homozygous") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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"disintegration") (:form . "disintegration")\n (:end . 145) (:start . 131) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associated") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 161) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "death") (:form . "death") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 178) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "larval") (:form . "larval") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 179) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stage") (:form . "stage") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "or") (:form . "or") (:end . 194) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "delay") (:form . "delayed") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 195) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transition") (:form . "transition") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 216) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 220) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pupal") (:form . "pupal") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 221) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stage") (:form . "stage") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 227) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 235) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 247)\n (:start . 236) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 248) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.206) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102335@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In agreement with our previous study using cells cultured in vitro [16], here we have shown that ADA enzymatic activity is essential for ADGF-A function in vivo, when this function is assayed by testing for rescue of the mutant phenotype.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "agreement") (:form . "agreement") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "previous") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "study") (:form . 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(:end . 238) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.207) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102336@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Just as increased levels of both ADA substrates, adenosine and deoxyadenosine, are found in blood of SCID patients [5], adgf-a mutant larvae also have elevated levels of adenosine and deoxyadenosine, indicating that the mutant phenotype is caused by disturbance in the turnover of these nucleosides.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "just") (:form . "Just") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increased") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "level") (:form . "levels") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 299) (:start . 298)\n (:id . 93)))@@@1@52@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.208.1) (:span 200 215)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.208.1) (:span 200 298)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.208) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102337@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Expression of ADGF-A only in the lymph glands is sufficient to fully rescue the mutant phenotype, indicating that the hemocytes within the lymph glands play a major role in regulation of adenosine levels in the hemolymph.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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(:end . 205) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.222.1) (:span 138 143))\n ((:id . :x7.222.2) (:span 115 125)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.222.1) (:span 138 204))\n ((:id . :x7.222.2) (:span 115 204)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.222) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102351@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This conclusion is consistent with the existence of a putative binding site for Dorsal (one of two known effectors of Toll signaling) in the ADGF-A promoter (Figure 9).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "conclusion") (:form . "conclusion") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "consistent") (:form . "consistent") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "existence") (:form . "existence") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 53) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "putative") (:form . "putative") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 75) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dorsal") (:form . "Dorsal") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 91) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "effector") (:form . "effectors") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 117) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Toll") (:form . "Toll") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 158) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "9") (:form . "9") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.223) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102352@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It will be important to explore this connection further, since recent studies suggest an interaction between adenosine signaling and the NF-?B signaling pathway, which is the mammalian counterpart of the Toll pathway [37].@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "will") (:form . "will") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "explore") (:form . "explore") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "connection") (:form . "connection") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "further") (:form . "further") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "since") (:form . "since") (:end . 62) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "recent") (:form . "recent") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 63) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggest") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adenosine") (:form . "adenosine") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "NF-?B") (:form . "NF-?B") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathway") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 167)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 170) (:start . 168)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 174) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mammalian") (:form . "mammalian") (:end . 184)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "counterpart") (:form . "counterpart") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 199) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 203) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Toll") (:form . "Toll") (:end . 208) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathway") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "37") (:form . "37") (:end . 220) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 221) (:start . 220)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.224.1) (:span 78 85)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.224.1) (:span 78 216)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.224) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102353@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Schematic Map of the ADGF-A Gene with Promoter Analysis@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "schematic") (:form . "Schematic") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Map") (:form . "Map") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gene") (:form . "Gene") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 37) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Promoter") (:form . "Promoter") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Analysis") (:form . "Analysis") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 50)))@@@1@9@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.225) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102354@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ADGF-A gene contains four exons and two transcriptional starts [17,47].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contains") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "exon") (:form . "exons") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 59) (:start . 44) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "start") (:form . "starts") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17,47") (:form . "17,47") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 75) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.226) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102355@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We analyzed sequences preceding both transcriptional starts for the presence of known transcriptional factor binding sites using the software program Gene2Promoter (Genomatix Software GmbH).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzed") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequences") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "precede") (:form . "preceding") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 52) (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "start") (:form . "starts") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 63) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 68) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "known") (:form . "known") (:end . 85) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transcriptional") (:form . "transcriptional")\n (:end . 101) (:start . 86) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factor") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 117) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 128) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "software") (:form . "software") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "program") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gene2Promoter") (:form . "Gene2Promoter")\n (:end . 163) (:start . 150) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Genomatix") (:form . "Genomatix") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Software") (:form . "Software") (:end . 183)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "GmbH") (:form . "GmbH") (:end . 188) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.227) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102356@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Selected sites are represented by color bars in approximate positions of promoter regions.@(((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "select") (:form . "Selected") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 18) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "represent") (:form . "represented") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 33) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "color") (:form . "color") (:end . 39) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "bar") (:form . "bars") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "approximate") (:form . "approximate") (:end . 59)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "position") (:form . "positions") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 72) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 90) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.228) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102357@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The legend under the sequence show the names of transcription factors binding to matching colored binding sites.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "legend") (:form . "legend") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "under") (:form . "under") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "show") (:form . "show") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "name") (:form . "names") (:end . 44) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 61) (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 80) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "match") (:form . "matching") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 81) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "color") (:form . "colored") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.229) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102358@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Precocious Fat-Body Disintegration Caused by Mutant Hemocytes@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "precocious") (:form . "Precocious") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "fat-body") (:form . "Fat-Body") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Disintegration") (:form . "Disintegration")\n (:end . 34) (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cause") (:form . "Caused") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 44) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "Mutant") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Hemocyte") (:form . 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(:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.237) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102366@unknown@formal@none@1@S@They also showed that the interaction of hemocytes with the fat body is mediated by a 120-kDa membrane protein localized specifically on pupal hemocytes [40].@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "They") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "show") (:form . "showed") (:end . 16) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . 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(:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.238) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102367@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This protein was suggested to be a scavenger receptor, but it does not seem to be homologous to Drosophila Croquemort (unpublished data).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggested") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . 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(:end . 137) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.239.2) (:span 71 75)) ((:id . :x7.239.3) (:span 17 26)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x7.239.1) (:span 67 70)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.239.2) (:span 59 117))\n ((:id . :x7.239.3) (:span 0 53)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.239.1) (:span 59 117)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.239) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102368@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Work by Franc et al. [27] is consistent with the idea that more than one scavenger receptor is involved in this process.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "work") (:form . "Work") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Franc") (:form . "Franc") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . 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(:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.240) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102370@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The precocious metamorphic changes that appear to occur in response to elevated adenosine in the adgf-a mutant larvae lead to the suggestion that adenosine may act as a regulatory signal for these processes during normal development.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "precocious") (:form . "precocious") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "metamorphic") (:form . "metamorphic") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "change") (:form . "changes") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "appear") (:form . 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"as") (:end . 166) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 168) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "regulatory") (:form . "regulatory") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signal") (:form . "signal") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 190) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "process") (:form . "processes") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 207) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "normal") (:form . "normal") (:end . 220)\n (:start . 214) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 221) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 233) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.242.1) (:span 156 159))\n ((:id . :x7.242.2) (:span 130 140)) ((:id . :x7.242.3) (:span 40 46)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.242.1) (:span 156 232))\n ((:id . :x7.242.2) (:span 130 232)) ((:id . :x7.242.3) (:span 35 117)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.242) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102371@unknown@formal@none@1@S@One possibility is that adenosine acts as a downstream effector of ecdysone-regulated prepupal changes, and that the increase in adenosine concentration is mediated by ecdysone-induced down-regulation of ADGF-A expression.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "One") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibility") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . 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"mediated") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 156) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 167) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ecdysone-induced") (:form . "ecdysone-induced")\n (:end . 184) (:start . 168) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "down-regulation") (:form . "down-regulation")\n (:end . 200) (:start . 185) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 203) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 204) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 221)\n (:start . 211) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.243.1) (:span 4 15)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.243.1) (:span 4 221)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.243) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102372@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This is supported by the presence of multiple sites for ecdysone-inducible transcription regulators in the ADGF-A promoter (Figure 9).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "support") (:form . "supported") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . 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(:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.244) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102373@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Adenosine could serve as a signal for macrophage differentiation, and the lack of adenosine deaminase activity due to the adgf-a mutation could cause precocious differentiation of these cells in mutant larvae.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Adenosine") (:form . "Adenosine") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "serve") (:form . "serve") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signal") (:form . 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(:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.245.1) (:span 138 143))\n ((:id . :x7.245.3) (:span 10 15)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x7.245.2) (:span 74 78)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.245.1) (:span 138 208))\n ((:id . :x7.245.3) (:span 10 64)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.245.2) (:span 74 110)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.245) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102374@unknown@formal@none@1@S@We are now carrying out direct tests of the idea that the differentiation of hemocytes in mutant larvae is caused by elevated adenosine.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . "We") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "now") (:form . "now") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "carry") (:form . "carrying") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 79) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 54)))@@@1@13@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.253.1) (:span 3 10)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.253.1) (:span 3 78)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.253) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102382@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Other mutants with hormonal dysregulation show delayed larval development and failure to pupariate [42,43].@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "Other") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "mutants") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "hormonal") (:form . "hormonal") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dysregulation") (:form . "dysregulation")\n (:end . 41) (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "show") (:form . 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(:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:ncues ((:id . :x7.254.1) (:span 78 85)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x7.254.1) (:span 78 98)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.254) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102383@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Presumably the elevated adenosine in the adgf-a mutant blocks the production or release of ecdysone from the ring gland by an unknown mechanism.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "presumably") (:form . "Presumably") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "elevated") (:form . "elevated") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adenosine") (:form . "adenosine") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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(:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.255.1) (:span 0 10)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.255.1) (:span 0 143)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.255) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102384@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This idea is supported by our finding that both pupariation rate and survival of the adgf-a mutant can also be improved by feeding the mutant larvae with 20E in the diet (see Figure 7A).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "idea") (:form . "idea") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "support") (:form . "supported") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . 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(:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.256.1) (:span 99 102)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.256.1) (:span 43 169)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.256) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102385@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus it is clear that the adgf-a mutant is arrested in development due to an effect of the mutation on hormone production from the ring gland.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "clear") (:form . "clear") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.257) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102386@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The arrest of development in the adgf-a mutants was significantly suppressed by loss of the adenosine receptor caused by the adoR mutation: larvae simply homozygous for adgf-a pupated after two or more days, whereas larvae also homozygous for adoR pupated within 1 d after their heterozygous siblings (see Figure 7A).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "arrest") (:form . "arrest") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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(:end . 317) (:start . 316)\n (:id . 96)))@@@1@55@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.258) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102387@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Therefore, adenosine signaling through the AdoR must play a role in the developmental arrest of the adgf-a mutant, and this is most likely mediated by signaling to the ring gland, where AdoR is expressed (ED, unpublished data).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "Therefore") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 10) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adenosine") (:form . "adenosine") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "through") (:form . "through") (:end . 38)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 227) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.259.1) (:span 132 138))\n ((:id . :x7.259.2) (:span 48 52)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.259.1) (:span 119 207))\n ((:id . :x7.259.2) (:span 48 113)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.259) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102388@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The mutation in AdoR does not block macrophage differentiation and fat-body disintegration, so this effect must involve another, as yet uncharacterized mechanism independent of AdoR signaling.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "AdoR") (:form . "AdoR") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . 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"Remarks") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.264) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102393@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In our previous work using cells cultured in vitro, we showed that, as in mammals, adenosine can block proliferation and/or survival of some Drosophila cell types [16].@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "previous") (:form . "previous") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "work") (:form . "work") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cells") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . 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(:end . 232) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.266) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102395@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Although the adgf-a mutation leads to larval or pupal death, we have shown that this is not due to the adenosine or deoxyadenosine simply blocking cellular proliferation or survival, as the experiments in vitro would suggest.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "Although") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "adgf-a") (:form . "adgf-a") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "lead") (:form . "leads") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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(:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.268) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102397@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Hemocytes also differentiate and are released from the lymph glands during systemic infection [19].@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hemocyte") (:form . "Hemocytes") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "differentiate") (:form . "differentiate")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "release") (:form . "released") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . 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(:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.269) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102398@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Together with our result suggesting an interaction between Toll signaling and ADGF-A, this leads to the hypothesis that adenosine controls hemocyte differentiation in response to infection, and that it signals through the adenosine receptor to postpone the next developmental step, metamorphosis.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "together") (:form . "Together") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "our") (:form . "our") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "result") (:form . "result") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . 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(:end . 296) (:start . 295)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.270.1) (:span 104 114))\n ((:id . :x7.270.2) (:span 25 35)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.270.1) (:span 104 295))\n ((:id . :x7.270.2) (:span 25 84)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.270) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102400@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A similar process of hemocyte differentiation and release from the lymph glands normally takes place at the onset of metamorphosis, when pupal macrophages remove histolyzing tissues.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "process") (:form . "process") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hemocyte") (:form . 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"remove") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "histolyze") (:form . "histolyzing") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "tissue") (:form . "tissues") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.272) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102401@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ADGF-A promoter contains consensus binding sites for effectors of both Toll and ecdysone signaling.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "promoter") (:form . "promoter") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "contain") (:form . 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"ecdysone") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.273) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102402@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This raises the possibility that adenosine plays a role in the control of metamorphosis as well as in the response to stress.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "raise") (:form . "raises") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibility") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . 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(:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x7.274.1) (:span 5 27)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x7.274.1) (:span 5 124)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s7.274) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102403@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Materials and Methods@(((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Material") (:form . "Materials") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Method") (:form . "Methods") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44)))@@@1@3@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.275) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102404@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Fly strains and genetics@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "Fly") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "strain") (:form . "strains") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genetic") (:form . "genetics") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45)))@@@1@4@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.276) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102405@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For standard procedures, flies were raised at 25 °C on a standard cornmeal-agar-yeast-molasses diet supplemented with 0.3% Nipagin to retard mold growth.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "standard") (:form . "standard") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "procedure") (:form . "procedures") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 24) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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(:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.277) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102406@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Oregon flies were used as the wild-type Drosophila strain, but in most cases the y w strain was used as a control since most mutations were carried in the y w background.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Oregon") (:form . "Oregon") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "flies") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "wild-type") (:form . 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"carried") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 150) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 154) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "y") (:form . "y") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "w") (:form . "w") (:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "background") (:form . "background") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.278) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102407@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A mutation in the ADGF-A gene on Chromosome III was obtained as described earlier [17].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"VBN") (:stem . "describe") (:form . "described") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "earlier") (:form . "earlier") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "17") (:form . "17") (:end . 85) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 87) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.279) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102408@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In this study, the mutation described as adgf-akarel was used in all experiments and is referred to here as adgf-a.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . 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"all") (:form . "all") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "experiment") (:form . "experiments") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "refer") (:form . "referred") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "here") (:form . "here") (:end . 104) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "adgf-a") (:form . "adgf-a") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.280) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102410@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Transgenic flies carrying HS-ADGF-A,UAS-ADGF-Amyc, and UAS-mutADGF-Amyc construct (see description below) were produced by a modified P-element transformation method [45].@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "transgenic") (:form . "Transgenic") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "flies") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "carry") (:form . "carrying") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HS-ADGF-A,UAS-ADGF-Amyc")\n (:form . "HS-ADGF-A,UAS-ADGF-Amyc") (:end . 49) (:start . 26) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "UAS-mutADGF-Amyc") (:form . "UAS-mutADGF-Amyc")\n (:end . 71) (:start . 55) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "construct") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "see") (:form . "see") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "description") (:form . "description") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "below") (:form . "below") (:end . 104) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 105) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "produce") (:form . "produced") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 122) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "modify") (:form . "modified") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P-element") (:form . "P-element") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transformation") (:form . "transformation")\n (:end . 158) (:start . 144) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "method") (:form . "method") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "45") (:form . "45") (:end . 169) (:start . 167)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 170) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.282) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102411@unknown@formal@none@1@S@HS-ADGF-A,UAS-ADGF-Amyc[2A],UAS-ADGF-Amyc[7A],UAS-mutADGF-Amyc[1A], andUAS-mutADGF-Amyc[3B], all insertions on Chromosome II, were isolated and used in this work.@(((:tag . "NNP")\n (:stem\n . "HS-ADGF-A,UAS-ADGF-Amyc[2A],UAS-ADGF-Amyc[7A],UAS-mutADGF-Amyc[1A")\n (:form\n . "HS-ADGF-A,UAS-ADGF-Amyc[2A],UAS-ADGF-Amyc[7A],UAS-mutADGF-Amyc[1A")\n (:end . 65) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "andUAS-mutADGF-Amyc[3B")\n (:form . "andUAS-mutADGF-Amyc[3B") (:end . 90) (:start . 68) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 96) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . "insertions") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Chromosome") (:form . "Chromosome") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 130) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "isolate") (:form . "isolated") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 148) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 156) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "work") (:form . "work") (:end . 161) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.283) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102412@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The following markers and mutations were obtained from the Bloomington stock center, accessible at http://fly.bio.indiana.edu/ (stock numbers provided in parentheses): Hml-GFP marker (Hml-Gal4/UAS-GFP) expressing GFP in embryonic and larval hemocytes on Chromosome II (BL-6397), the l(3)hem1 mutation on Chromosome III (BL-6184), and the crqKG01679 mutation in the crq gene on Chromosome II (BL-14900).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "following") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "marker") (:form . "markers") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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"accessible") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 98) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "http://fly.bio.indiana.edu/")\n (:form . "http://fly.bio.indiana.edu/") (:end . 126) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stock") (:form . "stock") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "number") (:form . "numbers") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provided") (:end . 150)\n (:start . 142) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "parenthesis") (:form . "parentheses") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hml-GFP") (:form . "Hml-GFP") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 168) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "marker") (:form . "marker") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 176) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 184) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hml-Gal4/UAS-GFP") (:form . "Hml-Gal4/UAS-GFP")\n (:end . 200) (:start . 184) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 201) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressing") (:end . 212)\n (:start . 202) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gfp") (:form . "GFP") (:end . 216) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 219) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "embryonic") (:form . "embryonic") (:end . 229)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 233) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "larval") (:form . "larval") (:end . 240)\n (:start . 234) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hemocyte") (:form . "hemocytes") (:end . 250)\n (:start . 241) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 253) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Chromosome") (:form . "Chromosome") (:end . 264)\n (:start . 254) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 267) (:start . 265)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 269) (:start . 268)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BL-6397") (:form . "BL-6397") (:end . 276)\n (:start . 269) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 277) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 278) (:start . 277)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 282) (:start . 279)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "l(3)hem1") (:form . "l(3)hem1") (:end . 291)\n (:start . 283) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 300)\n (:start . 292) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 303) (:start . 301)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Chromosome") (:form . "Chromosome") (:end . 314)\n (:start . 304) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "iii") (:form . "III") (:end . 318) (:start . 315)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 320) (:start . 319)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BL-6184") (:form . "BL-6184") (:end . 327)\n (:start . 320) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 328) (:start . 327)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 329) (:start . 328)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 333) (:start . 330)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 337) (:start . 334)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "crqkg01679") (:form . "crqKG01679") (:end . 348)\n (:start . 338) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 357)\n (:start . 349) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 360) (:start . 358)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 364) (:start . 361)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "crq") (:form . "crq") (:end . 368) (:start . 365)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 373) (:start . 369)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 376) (:start . 374)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Chromosome") (:form . "Chromosome") (:end . 387)\n (:start . 377) (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 390) (:start . 388)\n (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 392) (:start . 391)\n (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BL-14900") (:form . "BL-14900") (:end . 400)\n (:start . 392) (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 401) (:start . 400)\n (:id . 108))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 402) (:start . 401)\n (:id . 109)))@@@1@68@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.284) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102413@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mutants in Toll signaling pathway were obtained from Dr. S. Govind: cactE8,cactIIIG, and cactD13 mutations in the cact gene on Chromosome II.@(((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Mutant") (:form . "Mutants") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Toll") (:form . "Toll") (:end . 15) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signaling") (:form . "signaling") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathway") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtained") (:end . 47)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dr.") (:form . "Dr.") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "S.") (:form . "S.") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Govind") (:form . "Govind") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "cactE8,cactIIIG") (:form . "cactE8,cactIIIG")\n (:end . 83) (:start . 68) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 88) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cactd13") (:form . "cactD13") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 109) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cact") (:form . "cact") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 123) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 126) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Chromosome") (:form . "Chromosome") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 140) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.285) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102414@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Gal4/UAS [18] system was used for protein misexpression.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Gal4/UAS") (:form . "Gal4/UAS") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "18") (:form . "18") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "system") (:form . "system") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "use") (:form . "used") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "misexpression") (:form . "misexpression")\n (:end . 59) (:start . 46) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.286) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102415@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The following were obtained from the Bloomington stock center (stock numbers in parenthesis): Cg-Gal4 on Chromosome II (BL-7011), Pw+mW.hs=GawB5015 on II (BL-2721), Pw+mW.hs=GawBc564 on II (BL-6982), Pw+mW.hs=GawBT110 on II (BL-6998), Hml-Gal4 on II (BL-6396), Dot-Gal443A on X (BL-6903), Dot-Gal411C on II (BL-6902), and Lsp2-Gal4 (BL-6357) on III.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "following") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 18) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtained") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 32) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Bloomington") (:form . "Bloomington") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stock") (:form . "stock") (:end . 54) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "center") (:form . "center") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 63) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stock") (:form . "stock") (:end . 68) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "number") (:form . "numbers") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "parenthesis") (:form . "parenthesis") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 93) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cg-gal4") (:form . "Cg-Gal4") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Chromosome") (:form . "Chromosome") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BL-7011") (:form . "BL-7011") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pw+mw.hs=gawb5015") (:form . "Pw+mW.hs=GawB5015")\n (:end . 147) (:start . 130) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 150) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 153) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BL-2721") (:form . "BL-2721") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 155) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 163) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pw+mw.hs=gawbc564") (:form . "Pw+mW.hs=GawBc564")\n (:end . 182) (:start . 165) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 185) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 188) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 190) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BL-6982") (:form . "BL-6982") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 198) (:start . 197)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pw+mW.hs=GawBT110") (:form . "Pw+mW.hs=GawBT110")\n (:end . 217) (:start . 200) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 220) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 223) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BL-6998") (:form . "BL-6998") (:end . 232)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 233) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hml-gal4") (:form . "Hml-Gal4") (:end . 243)\n (:start . 235) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 246) (:start . 244)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 249) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 251) (:start . 250)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BL-6396") (:form . "BL-6396") (:end . 258)\n (:start . 251) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 259) (:start . 258)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 260) (:start . 259)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dot-Gal443A") (:form . "Dot-Gal443A") (:end . 272)\n (:start . 261) (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 275) (:start . 273)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X") (:form . "X") (:end . 277) (:start . 276)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 279) (:start . 278)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BL-6903") (:form . "BL-6903") (:end . 286)\n (:start . 279) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 287) (:start . 286)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 288) (:start . 287)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dot-Gal411C") (:form . "Dot-Gal411C") (:end . 300)\n (:start . 289) (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 303) (:start . 301)\n (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 306) (:start . 304)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 308) (:start . 307)\n (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BL-6902") (:form . "BL-6902") (:end . 315)\n (:start . 308) (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 316) (:start . 315)\n (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 317) (:start . 316)\n (:id . 107))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 321) (:start . 318)\n (:id . 108))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Lsp2-Gal4") (:form . "Lsp2-Gal4") (:end . 331)\n (:start . 322) (:id . 109))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 333) (:start . 332)\n (:id . 110))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BL-6357") (:form . "BL-6357") (:end . 340)\n (:start . 333) (:id . 111))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 341) (:start . 340)\n (:id . 112))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 344) (:start . 342)\n (:id . 113))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "iii") (:form . "III") (:end . 348) (:start . 345)\n (:id . 114))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 349) (:start . 348)\n (:id . 115)))@@@1@74@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.287) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102416@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Pen2.4-GAL4e33C lethal insertion on Chromosome III was obtained from Dr. N. Perrimon's lab, and the Dmef2-Gal4 driver on II from Dr. A. Michelson.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Pen2.4-GAL4e33C") (:form . "Pen2.4-GAL4e33C")\n (:end . 19) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lethal") (:form . "lethal") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . "insertion") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 39) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Chromosome") (:form . "Chromosome") (:end . 50)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "iii") (:form . "III") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtained") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 72) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dr.") (:form . "Dr.") (:end . 76) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "N.") (:form . "N.") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Perrimon") (:form . "Perrimon") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "POS") (:stem . "'s") (:form . "'s") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lab") (:form . "lab") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 95) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 99) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dmef2-gal4") (:form . "Dmef2-Gal4") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "driver") (:form . "driver") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 124) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 127) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 132) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dr.") (:form . "Dr.") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "A.") (:form . "A.") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Michelson") (:form . "Michelson") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.288) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102417@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Expression information of these Gal4 drivers is provided in Table 1.@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "Expression") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "information") (:form . "information") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 31) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gal4") (:form . "Gal4") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "driver") (:form . "drivers") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 47) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provided") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "table") (:form . "Table") (:end . 65) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 67) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.289) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102418@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A stock carrying the ubiquitous actin-Gal4 driver (P-actin-Gal4 UAS-GFP/CyO; lethal insertion on Chromosome II) was obtained from Dr. R. Sousa.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stock") (:form . "stock") (:end . 7) (:start . 2)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "carry") (:form . "carrying") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ubiquitous") (:form . "ubiquitous") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 21) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "actin-gal4") (:form . "actin-Gal4") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "driver") (:form . "driver") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 51) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "P-actin-Gal4") (:form . "P-actin-Gal4") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "UAS-GFP/CyO") (:form . "UAS-GFP/CyO") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "lethal") (:form . "lethal") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insertion") (:form . "insertion") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Chromosome") (:form . "Chromosome") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "ii") (:form . "II") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtained") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 116) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 129) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dr.") (:form . "Dr.") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "R.") (:form . "R.") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Sousa") (:form . "Sousa") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") 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(:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.295) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102424@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Ecdysone treatment@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Ecdysone") (:form . "Ecdysone") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "treatment") (:form . "treatment") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43)))@@@1@2@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.296) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SubSectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102425@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Mutant larvae were raised on plates with yeast paste at 25 °C and transferred to vials with glucose-yeast medium (control) or with glucose-yeast medium containing 20-hydroxyecdysone (H-5142; Sigma-Aldrich, St.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mutant") (:form . "Mutant") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "larva") (:form . 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(:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.299) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102428@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ecd1 flies (Bloomington stock BL-218) served as a control for the functional 20E diet [31]: flies were raised at 22 °C (permissive temperature for the temperature-sensitive ecd1 mutation) and transferred to vials with control or 20E-containing diet and raised at 29 °C (restrictive temperature).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ecd1") (:form . "ecd1") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "flies") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Bloomington") (:form . "Bloomington") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 299) (:start . 298)\n (:id . 96)))@@@1@55@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.300) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102430@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Living late third-instar larvae were washed and examined in PBS using a standard dissecting microscope with transmitted light.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "live") (:form . "Living") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "late") (:form . "late") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "third-instar") (:form . "third-instar") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "larva") (:form . "larvae") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "wash") (:form . "washed") (:end . 43) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . 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(:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.306) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102435@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This allowed us to collect all hemolymph from the larvae in a defined volume.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allowed") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "us") (:form . "us") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "collect") (:form . "collect") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hemolymph") (:form . "hemolymph") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . 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"(") (:end . 269) (:start . 268)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 270) (:start . 269)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 271) (:start . 270)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "end") (:form . "end") (:end . 275) (:start . 272)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "primer") (:form . "primer") (:end . 282)\n (:start . 276) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 287) (:start . 283)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "XbaI") (:form . "XbaI") (:end . 292) (:start . 288)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tail") (:form . "tail") (:end . 297) (:start . 293)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 298) (:start . 297)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 302) (:start . 299)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5?-") (:form . "5?-") (:end . 306) (:start . 303)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gctgatcatcaatcgatccgttgactggggga-3")\n (:form . "GCTGATCATCAATCGATCCGTTGACTGGGGGA-3") (:end . 341) (:start . 307)\n (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 342) (:start . 341)\n (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 344) (:start . 343)\n (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 345) (:start . 344)\n (:id . 99))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 346) (:start . 345)\n (:id . 100))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "end") (:form . "end") (:end . 350) (:start . 347)\n (:id . 101))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "primer") (:form . "primer") (:end . 357)\n (:start . 351) (:id . 102))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 362) (:start . 358)\n (:id . 103))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "BclI") (:form . "BclI") (:end . 367) (:start . 363)\n (:id . 104))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tail") (:form . "tail") (:end . 372) (:start . 368)\n (:id . 105))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 373) (:start . 372)\n (:id . 106))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 374) (:start . 373)\n (:id . 107)))@@@1@66@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.315) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102444@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The PCR product was cloned into the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, Madison, Wisconsin, United States), and the resulting plasmid (ADGF-A-pGEM) was cut by NotI/SpeI restriction enzymes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PCR") (:form . "PCR") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "product") (:form . "product") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 19) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "cloned") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 35) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pgem-t") (:form . "pGEM-T") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "easy") (:form . "Easy") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "vector") (:form . "vector") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Promega") (:form . "Promega") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Madison") (:form . "Madison") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Wisconsin") (:form . "Wisconsin") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "United") (:form . "United") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "States") (:form . "States") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "result") (:form . "resulting") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "plasmid") (:form . "plasmid") (:end . 126)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A-pGEM") (:form . "ADGF-A-pGEM") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 144) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cut") (:form . "cut") (:end . 148) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 151) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NotI/SpeI") (:form . "NotI/SpeI") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 152) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "restriction") (:form . "restriction") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "enzyme") (:form . "enzymes") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.316) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102445@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ADGF-A fragment was then cloned into the pCaSpeR-hs) vector cut by NotI/XbaI to obtain the HS-ADGF-A construct.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fragment") (:form . "fragment") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 23) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "cloned") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 40) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pcasper-hs") (:form . "pCaSpeR-hs") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 56) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "vector") (:form . "vector") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cut") (:form . "cut") (:end . 67) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "NotI/XbaI") (:form . "NotI/XbaI") (:end . 80)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 83) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "obtain") (:form . "obtain") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "HS-ADGF-A") (:form . "HS-ADGF-A") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "construct") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.317) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102446@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The myc tag was added to the C terminus of the ADGF-A protein for detection by anti-c-Myc antibody (Sigma-Aldrich).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "myc") (:form . "myc") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tag") (:form . "tag") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "add") (:form . "added") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 28) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C") (:form . "C") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "terminus") (:form . "terminus") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 65) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "detection") (:form . "detection") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "anti-c-myc") (:form . "anti-c-Myc") (:end . 89)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "antibody") (:form . "antibody") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sigma-aldrich") (:form . "Sigma-Aldrich")\n (:end . 113) (:start . 100) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.318) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102447@unknown@formal@none@1@S@To produce a UAS-ADGF-Amyc construct, the ADGF-A fragment was amplified (by ProofStart from pOT2 vector) using the following primers: 5?- AATCTCGAGCTCATCATGTCGCCAGTCATC-3? (5? end with XhoI tail) and 5?- TATCTAGATCGATCCGTTGACTGGGGG-3? (3? end with XbaI tail).@(((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "To") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "produce") (:form . "produce") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "uas-adgf-amyc") (:form . "UAS-ADGF-Amyc")\n (:end . 26) (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "construct") (:form . "construct") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "ADGF-A") (:form . "ADGF-A") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fragment") (:form . "fragment") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"follow") (:form . "following") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "primer") (:form . "primers") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5?-") (:form . "5?-") (:end . 137) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "aatctcgagctcatcatgtcgccagtcatc-3")\n (:form . "AATCTCGAGCTCATCATGTCGCCAGTCATC-3") (:end . 170) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 173) (:start . 172)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5") (:form . "5") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 175) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "end") (:form . "end") (:end . 179) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 184) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "XhoI") (:form . "XhoI") (:end . 189) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tail") (:form . "tail") (:end . 194) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 199) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "5?-") (:form . "5?-") (:end . 203) (:start . 200)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tatctagatcgatccgttgactggggg-3")\n (:form . "TATCTAGATCGATCCGTTGACTGGGGG-3") (:end . 233) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 236) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 237) (:start . 236)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . "?") (:form . "?") (:end . 238) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "end") (:form . "end") (:end . 242) (:start . 239)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 247) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "XbaI") (:form . "XbaI") (:end . 252) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "tail") (:form . "tail") (:end . 257) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 258) (:start . 257)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 259) (:start . 258)\n (:id . 88)))@@@1@47@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.319) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102448@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The fragment was cut by XhoI/XbaI and cloned into the pUAST vector modified by MZ.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fragment") (:form . "fragment") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "cut") (:form . "cut") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "XhoI/XbaI") (:form . "XhoI/XbaI") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "clone") (:form . "cloned") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 53) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "puast") (:form . "pUAST") (:end . 59) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "vector") (:form . "vector") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "modify") (:form . "modified") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 78) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MZ") (:form . "MZ") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 82) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.320) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102450@unknown@formal@none@1@S@A mutated version—UAS-mutADGF-Amyc—was prepared in the same way as UAS-ADGF-Amyc, but pBLUESCRIPT containing mutated ADGF-A cDNA was used as a template.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "A") (:end . 1) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mutate") (:form . "mutated") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "version") (:form . "version") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "—") (:form . 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"a") (:end . 142) (:start . 141)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "template") (:form . "template") (:end . 151)\n (:start . 143) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 152) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.322) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102451@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The mutated version of ADGF-A (carrying a mutation causing the substitution of two amino acids—His386 and Ala387 for Glu and Leu, respectively) in the catalytic domain, shown to abolish adenosine deaminase activity [16], was prepared by recombinant PCR using the following recombinant primers: 5?- TCTACTTCGAGCTCGGAGAAACAAACTGGTTCGGT-3? and 5?- CTCCGAGCTCGAAGTAGAAATCAATGTCATCG-3? and the same 5? and 3? end primers as above.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "mutate") (:form . 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(:end . 425) (:start . 424)\n (:id . 114)))@@@1@73@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.323) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102452@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Adenosine and deoxyadenosine concentrations measurement@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Adenosine") (:form . "Adenosine") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "deoxyadenosine") (:form . "deoxyadenosine")\n (:end . 28) (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "concentration") (:form . "concentrations")\n (:end . 43) (:start . 29) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "measurement") (:form . 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(:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:identifiers (:sid . :s7.327) (:did . :pmc1135298) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102456@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The sample was introduced in CH3CN-0.05% TFA (50:50) either via a syringe pump at 3 ?l/min or via an RP-C18 150 mm × 1 mm Symmetry C8 column at 50 ?l/min employing an LCQ electrospray ion source operated at 4.2 kV.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sample") (:form . "sample") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "introduce") (:form . "introduced") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CH3CN-0.05") (:form . 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(:end . 172) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.15.1) (:span 116 123)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.15.1) (:span 107 171)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.15) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102474@unknown@formal@none@1@S@At least fourteen mammalian caspases have been identified, and they are grouped into two classes on the basis of their proteolytic specificities (reviewed in [6]).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "At") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "least") (:form . "least") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "fourteen") (:form . "fourteen") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mammalian") (:form . "mammalian") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "caspas") (:form . "caspases") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . 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"caspases") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 122) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 132) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "group") (:form . "group") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 139) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 140) (:start . 139)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 141) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.18) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102477@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Initiator caspases are thought to be at the beginning of a proteolytic cascade that amplifies the cell death signal and results in the activation of the effector caspases.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Initiator") (:form . "Initiator") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "caspas") (:form . 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"cascade") (:form . "cascade") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "amplify") (:form . "amplifies") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 102) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "death") (:form . "death") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "signal") (:form . "signal") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 119) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "result") (:form . "results") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 130) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 134) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 152) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effector") (:form . "effector") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "caspas") (:form . "caspases") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 171) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.19.1) (:span 23 30)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.19.1) (:span 0 170)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.19) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102478@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Initiator caspases usually have long pro-domains, while effector caspases have short pro-domains.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Initiator") (:form . "Initiator") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "caspas") (:form . "caspases") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "usually") (:form . "usually") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "long") (:form . "long") (:end . 36) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pro-domain") (:form . "pro-domains") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 49) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "while") (:end . 55) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effector") (:form . "effector") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 56) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "caspas") (:form . "caspases") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "short") (:form . "short") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pro-domain") (:form . "pro-domains") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 97) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.20) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102480@unknown@formal@none@1@S@C. elegans appears to have only a single caspase - CED-3 - that is essential for all developmental cell death, despite having three other caspases in its genome [8,9].@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C.") (:form . "C.") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "elegans") (:form . "elegans") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 40)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "caspase") (:form . "caspase") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "HYPH") (:stem . "-") (:form . "-") (:end . 50) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CED-3") (:form . "CED-3") (:end . 56) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "HYPH") (:stem . "-") (:form . "-") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "essential") (:form . "essential") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 80) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 84) (:start . 81)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "developmental") (:form . "developmental")\n (:end . 98) (:start . 85) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 103) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "death") (:form . "death") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "despite") (:form . "despite") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "have") (:form . "having") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "caspas") (:form . "caspases") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "its") (:form . "its") (:end . 153) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 160)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "8,9") (:form . "8,9") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 167) (:start . 166)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.22.1) (:span 11 18)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.22.1) (:span 0 109)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.22) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102481@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Three Drosophila caspases - Dcp-2/Dredd, Dronc, and one known only as a sequence in the genome database - have long pro-domains and are thus likely initiator caspases; another four - Dcp-1, drICE, Decay, and another one found in the genome database - have short pro-domains and are probably effector caspases.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "Three") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "caspas") (:form . "caspases") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "HYPH") (:stem . "-") (:form . 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"drICE") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Decay") (:form . "Decay") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 197) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 207) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 215)\n (:start . 208) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 219) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 225)\n (:start . 220) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 228) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 232) (:start . 229)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genome") (:end . 239)\n (:start . 233) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "database") (:form . "database") (:end . 248)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "HYPH") (:stem . "-") (:form . "-") (:end . 250) (:start . 249)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 255) (:start . 251)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "short") (:form . "short") (:end . 261)\n (:start . 256) (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pro-domain") (:form . "pro-domains") (:end . 273)\n (:start . 262) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 277) (:start . 274)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 281) (:start . 278)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "probably") (:form . "probably") (:end . 290)\n (:start . 282) (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effector") (:form . "effector") (:end . 299)\n (:start . 291) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "caspas") (:form . "caspases") (:end . 308)\n (:start . 300) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 309) (:start . 308)\n (:id . 98)))@@@1@57@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.23.1) (:span 282 290))\n ((:id . :x8.23.2) (:span 141 147)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.23.1) (:span 282 308))\n ((:id . :x8.23.2) (:span 141 166)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.23) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102482@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition, Dcp-1 has a substrate specificity that is very similar to that of two effector caspases, mammalian caspase 3 and C. elegans CED-3 [10].@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dcp-1") (:form . "Dcp-1") (:end . 18) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . 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"two") (:form . "two") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "effector") (:form . "effector") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "caspas") (:form . "caspases") (:end . 100)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 101) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mammalian") (:form . "mammalian") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "caspase") (:form . "caspase") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "3") (:form . "3") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C.") (:form . "C.") (:end . 128) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "elegans") (:form . "elegans") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CED-3") (:form . "CED-3") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "10") (:form . "10") (:end . 146) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 147) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.24) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102483@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interestingly, Dronc appears to have a substrate specificity that is so far unique among caspases: while all other known caspases have only been shown to cleave after aspartate residues, Dronc can also cleave after glutamate residues [11].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "interestingly") (:form . "Interestingly")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 239) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.25.1) (:span 21 28)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.25.1) (:span 15 97)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.25) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102484@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This unusual substrate specificity may explain why Dronc is resistant to inhibition by the pan-caspase inhibitor p35.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unusual") (:form . "unusual") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "substrate") (:form . "substrate") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "specificity") (:form . "specificity") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "may") (:form . "may") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "explain") (:form . 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(:end . 103) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.28) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102487@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If EGL-1 is expressed, the interaction between CED-4 and CED-9 ceases, and CED-4 translocates to the nuclear membrane where it activates CED-3, resulting in programmed cell death.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "egl-1") (:form . "EGL-1") (:end . 8) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressed") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . 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(:end . 124) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.30) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102490@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Knock-out studies have shown that mice deficient for Apaf-1 have reduced cell death in certain tissues, further supporting a role for Apaf-1 in programmed cell death.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "knock-out") (:form . "Knock-out") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "study") (:form . "studies") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 28) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mouse") (:form . "mice") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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"death") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 166) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.32.1) (:span 112 122)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.32.1) (:span 112 165)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.32) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102491@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Drosophila has recently been shown also to have a CED-4/Apaf-1 homolog, named Dark/HAC-1/Dapaf-1 (reviewed in [15]).@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "recently") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . 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"c") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 74)))@@@1@33@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.34.1) (:span 109 120)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.34.1) (:span 109 181)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.34) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102493@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Like Apaf-1 and CED-4, loss of function mutations in dark/hac-1/dapaf-1 result in a reduction in developmental programmed cell death.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "like") (:form . "Like") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "apaf-1") (:form . "Apaf-1") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 15) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ced-4") (:form . "CED-4") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . 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(:end . 133) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.35) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102494@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Intriguingly, the transcription of the Drosophila CED-4/Apaf-1 homolog is upregulated in response to both X-ray and ultraviolet irradiation, suggesting that death-inducing stimuli can feed into the cell death pathway at this step [16].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "intriguingly") (:form . "Intriguingly") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 31) (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 34) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"]") (:form . "]") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 235) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.36.1) (:span 180 183))\n ((:id . :x8.36.2) (:span 141 151)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.36.1) (:span 180 229))\n ((:id . :x8.36.2) (:span 141 229)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.36) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102495@unknown@formal@none@1@S@CED-9 and EGL-1 belong to a large family of proteins related to the mammalian anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CED-9") (:form . "CED-9") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "EGL-1") (:form . "EGL-1") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "belong") (:form . "belong") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 75)))@@@1@34@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.38) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102497@unknown@formal@none@1@S@CED-9 has mammalian counterparts in the anti-apoptotic subgroup of Bcl-2 family members, while EGL-1 has mammalian counterparts in the pro-apoptotic subgroup.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CED-9") (:form . "CED-9") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mammalian") (:form . "mammalian") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "counterpart") (:form . "counterparts") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . 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(:end . 158) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.39) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102498@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Besides binding to Apaf-1, just as CED-9 binds and thereby regulates CED-4 activity, mammalian Bcl-2 family members have been proposed to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis and the release of pro-apoptotic factors such as cytochrome c (reviewed in [17]).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "besides") (:form . "Besides") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 15) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 18) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Apaf-1") (:form . "Apaf-1") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "just") (:form . 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"c") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 237) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 248)\n (:start . 238) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cultured-cell") (:form . "cultured-cell")\n (:end . 262) (:start . 249) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "lysate") (:form . "lysates") (:end . 270)\n (:start . 263) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 272) (:start . 271)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "19,20") (:form . "19,20") (:end . 277)\n (:start . 272) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 278) (:start . 277)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 279) (:start . 278)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.44.1) (:span 115 118)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.44.1) (:span 115 168)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.44) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102503@unknown@formal@none@1@S@There is no apparent need for cytochrome c release in C. elegans, since CED-4 does not require it to activate CED-3.@(((:tag . "EX") (:stem . "there") (:form . "There") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 8) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "apparent") (:form . "apparent") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "need") (:form . "need") (:end . 25) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"not") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "require") (:form . "require") (:end . 94)\n (:start . 87) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 100) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "activate") (:form . "activate") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "CED-3") (:form . "CED-3") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 110) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:ncues ((:id . :x8.45.1) (:span 83 86)) ((:id . :x8.45.2) (:span 9 11)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x8.45.1) (:span 83 115)) ((:id . :x8.45.2) (:span 9 64)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.45) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102504@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Recently, a pro-apoptotic Drosophila Bcl-2 family member was identified with the help of the database of genomic sequence; this gene is most closely related to mammalian Bok and potentially regulates apoptosis in the fly [21,22,23,24].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "recently") (:form . "Recently") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 9) (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 11) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pro-apoptotic") (:form . "pro-apoptotic")\n (:end . 25) (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . 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"closely") (:end . 148)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "related") (:form . "related") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 159) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mammalian") (:form . "mammalian") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Bok") (:form . "Bok") (:end . 173) (:start . 170)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 177) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "potentially") (:form . "potentially") (:end . 189)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulates") (:end . 199)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "apoptosis") (:form . "apoptosis") (:end . 209)\n (:start . 200) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 212) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 216) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fly") (:form . "fly") (:end . 220) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 222) (:start . 221)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "21,22,23,24") (:form . "21,22,23,24") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 222) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 234) (:start . 233)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 235) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.46.1) (:span 178 189)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.46.1) (:span 178 220)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.46) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102505@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Drosophila Bok homolog interacts with several anti-apoptotic, but not with several pro-apoptotic, Bcl-2 family members and, therefore, possibly functions by antagonizing pro-survival proteins.@(((:tag . 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"therefore") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "possibly") (:form . "possibly") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 139) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "function") (:form . "functions") (:end . 157)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 160) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "antagonize") (:form . "antagonizing") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 161) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pro-survival") (:form . "pro-survival") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 195)\n (:start . 187) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 196) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.47.1) (:span 139 147)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x8.47.2) (:span 70 73)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.47.1) (:span 139 195)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x8.47.2) (:span 70 122)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.47) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102506@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Ectopic expression of Bok protein promotes apoptosis in transgenic flies as well as in cultured cells.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ectopic") (:form . "Ectopic") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Bok") (:form . "Bok") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"cells") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.48) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102507@unknown@formal@none@1@S@While one group reports that the caspase inhibitor p35 can block apoptosis induced by Drosophila Bok [22], another group did not see p35 inhibition [23].@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "while") (:form . "While") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "one") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "group") (:form . "group") (:end . 15) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "report") (:form . "reports") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 16) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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(:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.50.1) (:span 16 19)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.50.1) (:span 16 119)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.50) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102510@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Interestingly, ectopic expression of Drosophila Bok sensitizes the developing eye to cell death induced by ultraviolet irradiation [21].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "interestingly") (:form . "Interestingly")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ectopic") (:form . "ectopic") (:end . 22)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 36) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . 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"RB") (:stem . "genetically") (:form . "Genetically") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bcl-2") (:form . "Bcl-2") (:end . 34) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "member") (:form . "member") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 49) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 59) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 68)\n (:start . 60) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "upstream") (:form . 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"grim") (:end . 236) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 238) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "22") (:form . "22") (:end . 240) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 241) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 242) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 88)))@@@1@47@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.53.1) (:span 156 158)) ((:id . :x8.53.2) (:span 82 84))\n ((:id . :x8.53.3) (:span 49 56)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.53.1) (:span 141 173)) ((:id . :x8.53.2) (:span 69 99))\n ((:id . :x8.53.3) (:span 13 236)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.53) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102512@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The core components of the cell death pathway are illustrated in Figure 1.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "component") (:form . "components") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 22) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 31) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "death") (:form . "death") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathway") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 49) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "illustrate") (:form . "illustrated") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 71)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 74) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.54) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102513@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The core pathway of programmed cell death.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "core") (:form . "core") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathway") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 19) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programmed") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "death") (:form . "death") (:end . 41) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49)))@@@1@8@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.55) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102514@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Multiple pathways lead to the activation of the executioners of death, the caspases (reviewed in [53]).@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "multiple") (:form . "Multiple") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathways") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 9) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "lead") (:form . "lead") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 25) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 29) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"out") (:end . 177) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 182) (:start . 178)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protective") (:form . "protective") (:end . 193)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "function") (:form . "function") (:end . 202)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 203) (:start . 202)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.57) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102516@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Caspases can also be activated with the aid of Apaf-1, which in turn appears to be regulated by cytochrome c and dATP.@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "caspas") (:form . "Caspases") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . 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"turn") (:end . 68) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 69) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 79) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "regulate") (:form . "regulated") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cytochrome") (:form . "cytochrome") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "c") (:form . "c") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "datp") (:form . "dATP") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.58.1) (:span 69 76)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.58.1) (:span 55 117)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.58) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102517@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Bcl-2 family appears to function in regulating the release of pro-apoptotic components from mitochondria as well as by possibly inhibiting Apaf-1 directly.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "bcl-2") (:form . "Bcl-2") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "family") (:form . "family") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "function") (:form . 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(:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 65)))@@@1@24@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.59.1) (:span 123 131)) ((:id . :x8.59.2) (:span 17 24)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.59.1) (:span 123 158))\n ((:id . :x8.59.2) (:span 4 158)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.59) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102518@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This pathway integrates knowledge gained in multiple species, showing that apoptosis appears to be regulated in a similar manner regardless of the organism.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "pathway") (:form . "pathway") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "integrate") (:form . "integrates") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "knowledge") (:form . "knowledge") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "gain") (:form . 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(:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.60.1) (:span 85 92)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.60.1) (:span 75 155)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.60) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102520@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Regulation of programmed cell death@(((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "regulation") (:form . "Regulation") (:end . 10)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "program") (:form . "programmed") (:end . 24)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 29) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "death") (:form . "death") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.62) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102521@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Studies of Drosophila have yielded great insights into how programmed cell death is regulated (reviewed in [25]).@(((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "Study") (:form . "Studies") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 10) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "yield") (:form . "yielded") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "great") (:form . "great") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "insight") (:form . 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"(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 108) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "25") (:form . "25") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 112) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 63)))@@@1@22@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.63) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102522@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In addition to the core pathway, several essential regulators have been characterized in Drosophila.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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"embryo") (:end . 196)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 197) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.65) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102524@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The three proteins encoded by these genes have no significant homology to any other known proteins except for a small stretch of similarity at the amino terminus that is shared by all three but no other known proteins.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "three") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encoded") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . 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"JJ") (:stem . "known") (:form . "known") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 217)\n (:start . 209) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 218) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:ncues ((:id . :x8.66.1) (:span 194 196)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x8.66.1) (:span 194 217)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.66) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102525@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Each of these three genes can induce programmed cell death when overexpressed in the developing Drosophila eye or in various tissue-culture assays.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "Each") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 7) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 13) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . 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(:end . 378) (:start . 377)\n (:id . 106)))@@@1@65@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.87.1) (:span 197 207)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x8.87.2) (:span 43 50 60 63)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.87.1) (:span 197 284)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x8.87.2) (:span 43 84)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.87) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102546@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Three Drosophila BIRPs have been shown to be inhibitors of apoptosis, Diap1, Diap2, and Deterin [42,43,44,45].@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "three") (:form . "Three") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "BIRP") (:form . "BIRPs") (:end . 22) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"culture") (:end . 197)\n (:start . 190) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 199) (:start . 198)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "46,47,48") (:form . "46,47,48") (:end . 207)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 81)))@@@1@40@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.90) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102550@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This phenotype is especially noteworthy since it manifests itself several hours before the first developmental cell deaths are normally observed in the Drosophila embryo, and it clearly shows that diap1 is vital for normal development.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "phenotype") (:form . 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"is") (:end . 205) (:start . 203)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "vital") (:form . "vital") (:end . 211)\n (:start . 206) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 215) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "normal") (:form . "normal") (:end . 222)\n (:start . 216) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 234)\n (:start . 223) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 235) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.92) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102551@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In general, IAPs are thought to function at the caspase activation step in the cell death pathway, binding to the inactive, pro-domain-containing caspase zymogen and preventing it from being processed into the active enzyme (reviewed in [27]).@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . 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"JJ") (:stem . "inactive") (:form . "inactive") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "pro-domain-containing")\n (:form . "pro-domain-containing") (:end . 145) (:start . 124) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "caspase") (:form . "caspase") (:end . 153)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "zymogen") (:form . "zymogen") (:end . 161)\n (:start . 154) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 165) (:start . 162)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "prevent") (:form . "preventing") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 179) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "from") (:end . 184) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "be") (:form . "being") (:end . 190) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "process") (:form . "processed") (:end . 200)\n (:start . 191) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 205) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 209) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "active") (:form . "active") (:end . 216)\n (:start . 210) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "enzyme") (:form . "enzyme") (:end . 223)\n (:start . 217) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 225) (:start . 224)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "review") (:form . "reviewed") (:end . 233)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 236) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 238) (:start . 237)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "27") (:form . "27") (:end . 240) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 241) (:start . 240)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 242) (:start . 241)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 243) (:start . 242)\n (:id . 86)))@@@1@45@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.93.1) (:span 21 28)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.93.1) (:span 12 223)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.93) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102552@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Reaper, Hid, Grim, and Diablo/Smac can physically interact with IAPs, thereby inhibiting the anti-apoptotic activity of IAPs and allowing caspase activation.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Reaper") (:form . "Reaper") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Hid") (:form . "Hid") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Grim") (:form . 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"VBG") (:stem . "inhibit") (:form . "inhibiting") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 92) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "anti-apoptotic") (:form . "anti-apoptotic")\n (:end . 107) (:start . 93) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iap") (:form . "IAPs") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 128) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "allow") (:form . "allowing") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "caspase") (:form . "caspase") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activation") (:form . "activation") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.94) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102553@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Further insight into a possible mechanism for IAP function was recently gained when IAPs were observed to have ubiquitin ligase activity [51,52].@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "further") (:form . "Further") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "insight") (:form . "insight") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 22) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanism") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 32) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . 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"VB") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 110) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ubiquitin") (:form . "ubiquitin") (:end . 120)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ligase") (:form . "ligase") (:end . 127)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "activity") (:form . "activity") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 128) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "51,52") (:form . "51,52") (:end . 143)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 145) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.95.1) (:span 23 31)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.95.1) (:span 23 58)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.95) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102554@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It was shown that certain cellular IAPs can be degraded in a proteasome-dependent manner prior to thymocyte apoptosis.@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 12) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "certain") (:form . "certain") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cellular") (:form . "cellular") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "iap") (:form . "IAPs") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 43) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "degrade") (:form . "degraded") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "proteasome-dependent")\n (:form . "proteasome-dependent") (:end . 81) (:start . 61) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "manner") (:form . "manner") (:end . 88)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "prior") (:form . "prior") (:end . 94) (:start . 89)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "thymocyte") (:form . "thymocyte") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "apoptosis") (:form . "apoptosis") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 118) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.96) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102555@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These IAPs are also capable of auto-ubiquitination, an activity shown to require the RING domain [52].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "IAP") (:form . "IAPs") (:end . 10) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 14) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "also") (:form . "also") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "capable") (:form . "capable") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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"requires") (:end . 139)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 143) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ring") (:form . "RING") (:end . 148) (:start . 144)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "domain") (:form . "domain") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 157) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "51") (:form . "51") (:end . 159) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 160) (:start . 159)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 161) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 71)))@@@1@30@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.98.1) (:span 67 75)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.98.1) (:span 67 104)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.98) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102557@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The exact role of the ubiquitination pathway in regulating apoptosis is still unclear.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "exact") (:form . "exact") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "ubiquitination") (:form . "ubiquitination")\n (:end . 36) (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.99.1) (:span 78 85)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.99.1) (:span 0 85)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.99) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102558@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Even the role of the RING domain in IAPs is open to debate: mutations in the RING domain of endogenous diap1 can be either pro- or anti-apoptotic, depending on the death-inducing stimulus ([49] and J. Agapite, L. Goyal, K. McCall and H.S., unpublished observations).@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "even") (:form . "Even") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 16) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"and") (:form . "and") (:end . 233) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "H.S.") (:form . "H.S.") (:end . 238) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 239) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "unpublished") (:form . "unpublished") (:end . 251)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "observation") (:form . "observations") (:end . 264)\n (:start . 252) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 265) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 266) (:start . 265)\n (:id . 95)))@@@1@54@((:hcues ((:id . :x8.100.1) (:span 116 122 128 130))\n ((:id . :x8.100.3) (:span 109 112)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x8.100.1) (:span 116 145))\n ((:id . :x8.100.3) (:span 109 145)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s8.100) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102560@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Strengths and limitations of genomic analysis@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "strength") (:form . "Strengths") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "limitation") (:form . "limitations") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 28) (:start . 26)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "genomic") (:form . "genomic") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 29) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "analysis") (:form . "analysis") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 47)))@@@1@6@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.102) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102561@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The completed genomes of C. elegans and Drosophila have already yielded a wealth of information.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "complete") (:form . "completed") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "genome") (:form . "genomes") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 24) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C.") (:form . "C.") (:end . 27) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "elegans") (:form . "elegans") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 96) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:identifiers (:sid . :s8.103) (:did . :pmc138857) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102562@unknown@formal@none@1@S@New cell death gene homologs are being described at a very rapid pace, often by several laboratories at once.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "New") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "death") (:form . "death") (:end . 14) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 19) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "homolog") (:form . "homologs") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 20) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 32) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "be") (:form . "being") (:end . 38) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . 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"Abstract") (:end . 8)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42)))@@@1@1@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.2) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102575@unknown@formal@none@1@S@From worms to humans, recognizing and modifying a specific chromosome is essential for dosage compensation, the mechanism by which equal X-linked gene expression in males and females is achieved.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "From") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "worm") (:form . "worms") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "human") (:form . "humans") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "recognize") (:form . "recognizing") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"males") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 174) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "female") (:form . "females") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 185) (:start . 183)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "achieve") (:form . "achieved") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 195) (:start . 194)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.3) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102576@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Recent molecular genetic and biochemical studies have provided new insights into how regulatory factors in Drosophila are recruited and assembled on the X chromosome, leading to the essential hypertranscription of its genes.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "recent") (:form . 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"compensation") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 46)))@@@1@5@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.5) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|SectionTitle|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102578@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Dosage compensation, which ensures that the expression of X-linked genes is equal in males and females, is an essential process in organisms that have sex chromosomes.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Dosage") (:form . "Dosage") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "compensation") (:form . "compensation") (:end . 19)\n (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 20) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 26) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "ensure") (:form . "ensures") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 39) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.11) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102584@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In C. elegans and Drosophila, several proteins with different molecular functions involved in dosage compensation have been identified.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C.") (:form . "C.") (:end . 5) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "elegans") (:form . "elegans") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . 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(:end . 189) (:start . 188)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.16) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102590@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The Drosophila dosage compensation complex@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dosage") (:form . "dosage") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "compensation") (:form . "compensation") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . 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(:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 303) (:start . 302)\n (:id . 111)))@@@1@70@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.19) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102592@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The MSL proteins colocalize to hundreds of sites along the single male X chromosome; they all are essential for the hypertranscription of the X-chromosomal genes in males, as male but not female animals die during development when they are mutant for any one of the five msl genes.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL") (:form . "MSL") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "colocalize") (:form . "colocalize") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . 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",") (:end . 26) (:start . 25)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 32) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 50) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 53) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "roX") (:form . "roX") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNAs") (:end . 66) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 73)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 77) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "formation") (:form . "formation") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 90) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DCC") (:form . "DCC") (:end . 98) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.26) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102600@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Meller et al. [1] took advantage of the fact that dosage compensation can be initiated and analyzed in females ectopically expressing the male-specific MSL2 protein.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Meller") (:form . "Meller") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "take") (:form . "took") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "advantage") (:form . "advantage") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 35) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "fact") (:form . "fact") (:end . 44) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 49) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dosage") (:form . "dosage") (:end . 56)\n (:start . 50) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "compensation") (:form . "compensation") (:end . 69)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "initiate") (:form . "initiated") (:end . 86)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 90) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzed") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 91) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "female") (:form . "females") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "ectopically") (:form . "ectopically") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressing") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 137) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "male-specific") (:form . "male-specific")\n (:end . 151) (:start . 138) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "msl2") (:form . "MSL2") (:end . 156) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 165) (:start . 164)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.28) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102601@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These females hypertranscribe their two X chromosomes and therefore die during development, but they can be rescued if any other msl mutation is present.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "female") (:form . "females") (:end . 13)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "hypertranscribe") (:form . "hypertranscribe")\n (:end . 29) (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X") (:form . "X") (:end . 41) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "chromosome") (:form . "chromosomes") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 42) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "therefore") (:form . "therefore") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "die") (:form . "die") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "development") (:form . "development") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 79) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 95) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 107) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "rescue") (:form . "rescued") (:end . 115)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "if") (:end . 118) (:start . 116)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 122) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "msl") (:form . "msl") (:end . 132) (:start . 129)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutation") (:end . 141)\n (:start . 133) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 144) (:start . 142)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 152)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 153) (:start . 152)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.29) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102602@unknown@formal@none@1@S@It has been shown previously, using a similar strategy, that the DCC is assembled in an ordered sequence (Figure 1).@(((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "It") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "have") (:form . "has") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "be") (:form . "been") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "show") (:form . "shown") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "previously") (:form . "previously") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . "using") (:end . 35) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "similar") (:form . "similar") (:end . 45)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "strategy") (:form . "strategy") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 46) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 55) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DCC") (:form . "DCC") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 71) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "assemble") (:form . "assembled") (:end . 81)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 84) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 87) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "order") (:form . "ordered") (:end . 95)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "sequence") (:form . "sequence") (:end . 104)\n (:start . 96) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 106) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Figure") (:form . "Figure") (:end . 112)\n (:start . 106) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 66)))@@@1@25@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.30) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102603@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, MSL1 and MSL2 are the first proteins to bind to the X chromosome; in the absence of all other MSL proteins they associate with about 35 sites, the so-called chromatin entry sites.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL1") (:form . "MSL1") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL2") (:form . "MSL2") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 40) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 49)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 52) (:start . 50)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "bind") (:end . 57) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 60) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X") (:form . "X") (:end . 66) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromosome") (:form . "chromosome") (:end . 77)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 85) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "absence") (:form . "absence") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 86) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 96) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 100) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL") (:form . "MSL") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associate") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 139) (:start . 135)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "about") (:form . "about") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "35") (:form . "35") (:end . 148) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 149) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 155) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 159) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "so-called") (:form . "so-called") (:end . 169)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromatin") (:form . "chromatin") (:end . 179)\n (:start . 170) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "entry") (:form . "entry") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 180) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 186) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 192) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 79)))@@@1@38@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.31) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102604@unknown@formal@none@1@S@MSL1 and MSL2 are interdependent, however: they require each other for binding [15].@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL1") (:form . "MSL1") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL2") (:form . "MSL2") (:end . 13) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "interdependent") (:form . "interdependent")\n (:end . 32) (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "however") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 47) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "require") (:form . "require") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "each") (:form . "each") (:end . 60) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 66) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 70) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "bind") (:form . "binding") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 80) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "15") (:form . "15") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 83) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.32) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102605@unknown@formal@none@1@S@MLE appears to be the next protein to join the growing DCC as it is found at reduced levels at some of these 35 sites when the remaining two proteins, MSL3 and MOF, are absent [16].@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MLE") (:form . "MLE") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "appear") (:form . "appears") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "next") (:form . "next") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "join") (:form . "join") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "grow") (:form . "growing") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DCC") (:form . "DCC") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 61) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 64) (:start . 62)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 67) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 73) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 76) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "reduce") (:form . "reduced") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "level") (:form . "levels") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "some") (:form . "some") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 102) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 103) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "35") (:form . "35") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 117)\n (:start . 112) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "when") (:end . 122) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 126) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remaining") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 127) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 149)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL3") (:form . "MSL3") (:end . 155) (:start . 151)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 159) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MOF") (:form . "MOF") (:end . 163) (:start . 160)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 168) (:start . 165)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "absent") (:form . "absent") (:end . 175)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 177) (:start . 176)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "16") (:form . "16") (:end . 179) (:start . 177)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 180) (:start . 179)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.33.1) (:span 4 11)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.33.1) (:span 0 58)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.33) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102606@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These latter two proteins require all the other MSL proteins to be present to enable them to associate with the X chromosome.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "latter") (:form . "latter") (:end . 12) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 25)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "require") (:form . "require") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 41) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 47) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL") (:form . "MSL") (:end . 51) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 52) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 66) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 67) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "enable") (:form . "enable") (:end . 84)\n (:start . 78) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 89) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 92) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associate") (:end . 102)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 107) (:start . 103)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 111) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X") (:form . "X") (:end . 113) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromosome") (:form . "chromosome") (:end . 124)\n (:start . 114) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 125) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.34) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102607@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Importantly, all MSLs are required to generate the normal DCC distribution to the hundreds of sites throughout the entire X chromosome.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "importantly") (:form . "Importantly") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "MSL") (:form . "MSLs") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "require") (:form . "required") (:end . 34)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 37) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "generate") (:form . "generate") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 38) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 50) (:start . 47)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "normal") (:form . "normal") (:end . 57)\n (:start . 51) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DCC") (:form . "DCC") (:end . 61) (:start . 58)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 74)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 77) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 81) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "hundred") (:form . "hundreds") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 99) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "throughout") (:form . "throughout") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "entire") (:form . "entire") (:end . 121)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "x") (:form . "X") (:end . 123) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromosome") (:form . "chromosome") (:end . 134)\n (:start . 124) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.35) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102608@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Meller et al. [1] have now analyzed and compared roX RNA and MSL protein distribution in females ectopically expressing MSL2 but lacking other MSL proteins.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Meller") (:form . "Meller") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . "have") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "now") (:form . "now") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "analyze") (:form . "analyzed") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 39) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "compare") (:form . "compared") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 40) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "roX") (:form . "roX") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL") (:form . "MSL") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "distribution") (:form . "distribution") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 73) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 88) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "female") (:form . "females") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "ectopically") (:form . "ectopically") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 97) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "express") (:form . "expressing") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "msl2") (:form . "MSL2") (:end . 124) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 128) (:start . 125)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "lack") (:form . "lacking") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 129) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "msl") (:form . "MSL") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 147) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 156) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 69)))@@@1@28@((:ncues ((:id . :x9.36.1) (:span 129 136)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.36.1) (:span 129 155)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.36) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102610@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When the MLE protein, which encodes an RNA helicase, was absent, both roX RNAs were found only at their site of transcription but not in any other of the 35 entry sites where MSL1 and MSL2 were present, suggesting that neither of the roX RNAs can be integrated in a minimal MSL1-MSL2 complex.@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 8) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mle") (:form . "MLE") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 21) (:start . 20)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "which") (:form . "which") (:end . 27) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "encode") (:form . "encodes") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "an") (:end . 38) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "helicase") (:form . "helicase") (:end . 51)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 52) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "absent") (:form . "absent") (:end . 63)\n (:start . 57) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 64) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 69) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "roX") (:form . "roX") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNAs") (:end . 78) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 83) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 89) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "only") (:form . "only") (:end . 94) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 97) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "site") (:form . "site") (:end . 108) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 111) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "transcription") (:form . "transcription")\n (:end . 125) (:start . 112) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 129) (:start . 126)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 133) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 136) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 140) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 141) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 153) (:start . 150)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "35") (:form . "35") (:end . 156) (:start . 154)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "entry") (:form . "entry") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL1") (:form . "MSL1") (:end . 179) (:start . 175)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 183) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL2") (:form . "MSL2") (:end . 188) (:start . 184)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "were") (:end . 193) (:start . 189)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "present") (:form . "present") (:end . 201)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 202) (:start . 201)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "suggest") (:form . "suggesting") (:end . 213)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 218) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "neither") (:form . "neither") (:end . 226)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 229) (:start . 227)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 233) (:start . 230)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "roX") (:form . "roX") (:end . 237) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNAs") (:end . 242) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 246) (:start . 243)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 249) (:start . 247)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "integrate") (:form . "integrated") (:end . 260)\n (:start . 250) (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 263) (:start . 261)\n (:id . 94))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 265) (:start . 264)\n (:id . 95))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "minimal") (:form . "minimal") (:end . 273)\n (:start . 266) (:id . 96))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "msl1-msl2") (:form . "MSL1-MSL2") (:end . 283)\n (:start . 274) (:id . 97))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 291)\n (:start . 284) (:id . 98))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 292) (:start . 291)\n (:id . 99)))@@@1@58@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.38.2) (:span 203 213)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x9.38.1) (:span 219 226))\n ((:id . :x9.38.3) (:span 130 133)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.38.2) (:span 203 291)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.38.1) (:span 219 291))\n ((:id . :x9.38.3) (:span 130 201)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.38) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102611@unknown@formal@none@1@S@When MSL3 was absent in these females, however, roX2 but not roX1 RNA was found at the entry 35 sites.@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "when") (:form . "When") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL3") (:form . "MSL3") (:end . 9) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "absent") (:form . "absent") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "female") (:form . "females") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 38) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "however") (:form . "however") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 39) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox2") (:form . "roX2") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 56) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 60) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox1") (:form . "roX1") (:end . 65) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 69) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "be") (:form . "was") (:end . 73) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 79) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "entry") (:form . "entry") (:end . 92) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "35") (:form . "35") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 102) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:ncues ((:id . :x9.39.1) (:span 57 60)) ((:id . :x9.39.2) (:span 14 20)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.39.1) (:span 57 69)) ((:id . :x9.39.2) (:span 5 37)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.39) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102612@unknown@formal@none@1@S@These findings indicate that roX2 might be incorporated into this partial DCC complex in an MLE-dependent manner and that roX1 RNA is incorporated at a later stage, together with MSL3 and perhaps MOF.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "These") (:end . 5) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "finding") (:form . "findings") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "indicate") (:form . "indicate") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 28) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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(:end . 200) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.40.1) (:span 188 195)) ((:id . :x9.40.2) (:span 34 39))\n ((:id . :x9.40.3) (:span 15 28)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.40.1) (:span 188 199))\n ((:id . :x9.40.2) (:span 29 112)) ((:id . :x9.40.3) (:span 15 199)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.40) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102613@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Further evidence that at least roX2 RNA is an integral part of the DCC comes from independent immunoprecipitation experiments from all three groups [1,2,3] using extracts from Drosophila S2 cells that express all the MSLs and roX2 RNA.@(((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "further") (:form . "Further") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evidence") (:form . "evidence") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 8) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . 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"all") (:end . 212) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 216) (:start . 213)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "msl") (:form . "MSLs") (:end . 221) (:start . 217)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 225) (:start . 222)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox2") (:form . "roX2") (:end . 230) (:start . 226)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 234) (:start . 231)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 235) (:start . 234)\n (:id . 82)))@@@1@41@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.41) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102614@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Surprisingly, Akthar et al. [2] found that DCC lacking MLE but containing the remaining MSLs still precipitated roX2 RNA.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "surprisingly") (:form . "Surprisingly") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 13) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Akthar") (:form . "Akthar") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 14) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 29) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 30) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "find") (:form . "found") (:end . 37) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DCC") (:form . "DCC") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "lack") (:form . 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"RNA") (:end . 120) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 121) (:start . 120)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:ncues ((:id . :x9.42.1) (:span 47 54)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.42.1) (:span 47 58)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.42) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102615@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The ordered assembly data from Meller et al. [1] as well as the fact that MLE is the only protein in the DCC featuring a known RNA-binding domain pointed towards the RNA helicase MLE as the primary candidate for a partner for the roX2 RNA.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "order") (:form . "ordered") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assembly") (:form . "assembly") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . 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"NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 238) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 239) (:start . 238)\n (:id . 89)))@@@1@48@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.43) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102616@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Akthar et al. [2] turned their focus towards the MOF protein as a potential candidate for interaction with roX2 RNA.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Akthar") (:form . "Akthar") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "et") (:form . "et") (:end . 9) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "al.") (:form . "al.") (:end . 13) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 15) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "2") (:form . "2") (:end . 16) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBD") (:stem . "turn") (:form . "turned") (:end . 24) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "PRP$") (:stem . "their") (:form . "their") (:end . 30)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "focus") (:form . "focus") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "towards") (:form . "towards") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 48) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MOF") (:form . "MOF") (:end . 52) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 60)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 63) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 65) (:start . 64)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "potential") (:form . "potential") (:end . 75)\n (:start . 66) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "candidate") (:form . "candidate") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 89) (:start . 86)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 90) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox2") (:form . "roX2") (:end . 111) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 115) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 116) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.44.1) (:span 66 75)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.44.1) (:span 66 115)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.44) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102617@unknown@formal@none@1@S@MOF is the crucial component that links the DCC to the X-chromosome-specific acetylated form of histone H4.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MOF") (:form . "MOF") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 6) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 10) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "crucial") (:form . "crucial") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 11) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 28)\n (:start . 19) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 33) (:start . 29)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . 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"chromodomain") (:form . "chromodomains")\n (:end . 161) (:start . 148) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involved") (:end . 170)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 173) (:start . 171)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 177) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "binding") (:form . "binding") (:end . 185)\n (:start . 178) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 186) (:start . 185)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.53.1) (:span 130 138)) ((:id . :x9.53.2) (:span 47 73)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.53.1) (:span 130 185))\n ((:id . :x9.53.2) (:span 13 73)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.53) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102626@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Chromodomains are modules of about 50 amino acids found in a number of proteins from yeast to mammals; the function of these proteins vary, but they are most often associated with gene silencing and chromatin remodeling events; significantly, many chromodomain-containing proteins are associated on chromosomes with heterochromatin or heterochromatin-like regions (reviewed in [17]).@(((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "chromodomain") (:form . "Chromodomains")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . 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(:end . 383) (:start . 382)\n (:id . 103)))@@@1@62@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.54) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102627@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The specific role of the chromodomain is unknown, but chromodomain swapping experiments in Drosophila suggest that they might be protein interaction modules [18].@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "specific") (:form . "specific") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 20) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromodomain") (:form . "chromodomain") (:end . 37)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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(:end . 162) (:start . 161)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.55.1) (:span 120 125)) ((:id . :x9.55.2) (:span 102 109))\n ((:id . :x9.55.3) (:span 41 48)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.55.1) (:span 120 156))\n ((:id . :x9.55.2) (:span 102 156)) ((:id . :x9.55.3) (:span 0 48)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.55) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102628@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, the data by Akthar et al. [2] suggests a new and rather unexpected role for these modules in RNA binding.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 9) (:start . 6)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "datum") (:form . "data") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . 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(:end . 76) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55)))@@@1@14@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.58) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|FigureLegend|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102631@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The first step of assembly involves the recognition of about 35 chromosomal entry sites by a preDCC consisting of MSL1 and MSL2.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "first") (:form . "first") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "step") (:form . "step") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assembly") (:form . "assembly") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involves") (:end . 35)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . 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"VBG") (:stem . "consist") (:form . "consisting") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 100) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 113) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL1") (:form . "MSL1") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 122) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL2") (:form . "MSL2") (:end . 127) (:start . 123)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 128) (:start . 127)\n (:id . 64)))@@@1@23@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.59) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102632@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This recognition does not require any of the known roX RNAs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "recognition") (:form . "recognition") (:end . 16)\n (:start . 5) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "do") (:form . "does") (:end . 21) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 25) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "require") (:form . "require") (:end . 33)\n (:start . 26) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "any") (:form . "any") (:end . 37) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 40) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 44) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "know") (:form . "known") (:end . 50) (:start . 45)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "roX") (:form . "roX") (:end . 54) (:start . 51)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNAs") (:end . 59) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 60) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 53)))@@@1@12@((:ncues ((:id . :x9.60.1) (:span 22 25)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.60.1) (:span 22 59)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.60) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102633@unknown@formal@none@1@S@In the next step, roX2 and MLE enter the complex to form a more stable primary DCC (PrimDCC) at these 35 sites.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "In") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 6) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "next") (:form . "next") (:end . 11) (:start . 7)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "step") (:form . "step") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox2") (:form . "roX2") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 26) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MLE") (:form . "MLE") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "enter") (:form . "enter") (:end . 36) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 40) (:start . 37)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 48)\n (:start . 41) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 51) (:start . 49)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 56) (:start . 52)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 58) (:start . 57)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 63) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "stable") (:form . "stable") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 64) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "primary") (:form . "primary") (:end . 78)\n (:start . 71) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DCC") (:form . "DCC") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "PrimDCC") (:form . "PrimDCC") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 92) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 95) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 101) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "35") (:form . "35") (:end . 104) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 110)\n (:start . 105) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 111) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.61) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102634@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Spreading throughout the entire X chromosome requires the formation of the complete complex by addition of MOF and MSL3.@(((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "spread") (:form . "Spreading") (:end . 9)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "throughout") (:form . "throughout") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 24) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "entire") (:form . "entire") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 25) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "x") (:form . "X") (:end . 33) (:start . 32)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromosome") (:form . "chromosome") (:end . 44)\n (:start . 34) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "require") (:form . "requires") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 45) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 57) (:start . 54)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "formation") (:form . "formation") (:end . 67)\n (:start . 58) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 70) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 74) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "complete") (:form . "complete") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 75) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 91)\n (:start . 84) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 103)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 106) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MOF") (:form . "MOF") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL3") (:form . "MSL3") (:end . 119) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 120) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 61)))@@@1@20@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.62) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102635@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The sequential addition of new components, particularly the roX2 RNA, might induce changes in the structure of already incorporated components (illustrated by ovals becoming circles), increasing the stability of the DCC.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "sequential") (:form . "sequential") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "new") (:form . "new") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "component") (:form . "components") (:end . 41)\n (:start . 31) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 42) (:start . 41)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "particularly") (:form . "particularly") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 59) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox2") (:form . "roX2") (:end . 64) (:start . 60)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 68) (:start . 65)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 69) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 75) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "induce") (:form . "induce") (:end . 82)\n (:start . 76) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "change") (:form . "changes") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 93) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 97) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "structure") (:form . "structure") (:end . 107)\n (:start . 98) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 110) (:start . 108)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "already") (:form . "already") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "incorporate") (:form . "incorporated") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 119) (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "component") (:form . "components") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 132) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "illustrate") (:form . "illustrated") (:end . 155)\n (:start . 144) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 158) (:start . 156)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "oval") (:form . "ovals") (:end . 164)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "become") (:form . "becoming") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 165) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "circle") (:form . "circles") (:end . 181)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 183) (:start . 182)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "increase") (:form . "increasing") (:end . 194)\n (:start . 184) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 198) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stability") (:form . "stability") (:end . 208)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 211) (:start . 209)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 215) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DCC") (:form . "DCC") (:end . 219) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 220) (:start . 219)\n (:id . 78)))@@@1@37@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.63.1) (:span 70 75)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.63.1) (:span 70 219)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.63) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102636@unknown@formal@none@1@S@MLE might be removed in vitro (for example, by elevated ionic strength) without destroying the entire complex, because of the stabilizing presence of MOF-MSL3.@(((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MLE") (:form . "MLE") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 12) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "remove") (:form . "removed") (:end . 20)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "FW") (:stem . "vitro") (:form . "vitro") (:end . 29) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 31) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 34) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 35) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 43) (:start . 42)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 46) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "elevated") (:form . "elevated") (:end . 55)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ionic") (:form . "ionic") (:end . 61) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "strength") (:form . "strength") (:end . 70)\n (:start . 62) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 71) (:start . 70)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 79)\n (:start . 72) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "destroy") (:form . "destroying") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 94) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "entire") (:form . "entire") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 95) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 109)\n (:start . 102) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 110) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "because") (:form . "because") (:end . 118)\n (:start . 111) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 121) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "stabilize") (:form . "stabilizing") (:end . 137)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "presence") (:form . "presence") (:end . 146)\n (:start . 138) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 149) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MOF-MSL3") (:form . "MOF-MSL3") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 150) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 159) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.64.2) (:span 4 9)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x9.64.1) (:span 72 79)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.64.2) (:span 0 158)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.64.1) (:span 72 109)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.64) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102637@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The role of roX1 RNA is not clear, but it is integrated late in this process, together with or after MOF and MSL3; roX1 might provide additional stability to the mature DCC (MatDCC).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "role") (:form . "role") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox1") (:form . "roX1") (:end . 16) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 20) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 23) (:start . 21)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "clear") (:form . "clear") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 34) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "but") (:form . "but") (:end . 38) (:start . 35)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "it") (:form . "it") (:end . 41) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . 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"NNP") (:stem . "MOF") (:form . "MOF") (:end . 104) (:start . 101)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 108) (:start . 105)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL3") (:form . "MSL3") (:end . 113) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 114) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox1") (:form . "roX1") (:end . 119) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 125)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "provide") (:form . "provide") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "additional") (:form . "additional") (:end . 144)\n (:start . 134) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "stability") (:form . "stability") (:end . 154)\n (:start . 145) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 157) (:start . 155)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 161) (:start . 158)\n (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "mature") (:form . "mature") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 162) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DCC") (:form . "DCC") (:end . 172) (:start . 169)\n (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 174) (:start . 173)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MatDCC") (:form . "MatDCC") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 174) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 181) (:start . 180)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 182) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 80)))@@@1@39@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.65.1) (:span 120 125)) ((:id . :x9.65.2) (:span 92 94))\n ((:id . :x9.65.3) (:span 24 33)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.65.1) (:span 120 181))\n ((:id . :x9.65.2) (:span 78 100)) ((:id . :x9.65.3) (:span 0 33)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.65) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102638@unknown@formal@none@1@S@So, roX1 and roX2 might be partially redundant.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "so") (:form . "So") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 3) (:start . 2) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox1") (:form . "roX1") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 12) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox2") (:form . "roX2") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 23) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 26) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "partially") (:form . "partially") (:end . 36)\n (:start . 27) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "redundant") (:form . "redundant") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51)))@@@1@10@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.66.1) (:span 18 23)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.66.1) (:span 18 46)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.66) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102640@unknown@formal@none@1@S@How can we reconcile the findings of Akthar et al. [2] and Meller et al. [1]?@(((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "how") (:form . "How") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 7) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "we") (:form . 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",") (:end . 213) (:start . 212)\n (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "like") (:form . "like") (:end . 218) (:start . 214)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 224)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "Drosophila") (:form . "Drosophila") (:end . 235)\n (:start . 225) (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "cell") (:form . "cell") (:end . 240) (:start . 236)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "line") (:form . "lines") (:end . 246)\n (:start . 241) (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 247) (:start . 246)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 251) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "become") (:form . "become") (:end . 258)\n (:start . 252) (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "aneuploid") (:form . "aneuploid") (:end . 268)\n (:start . 259) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 276)\n (:start . 269) (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "reduce") (:form . "reduced") (:end . 284)\n (:start . 277) (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "viability") (:form . "viability") (:end . 294)\n (:start . 285) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 295) (:start . 294)\n (:id . 90)))@@@1@49@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.69.2) (:span 173 180)) ((:id . :x9.69.4) (:span 10 15)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x9.69.1) (:span 269 276))\n ((:id . :x9.69.3) (:span 181 184)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.69.2) (:span 153 200))\n ((:id . :x9.69.4) (:span 10 200)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.69.1) (:span 269 294))\n ((:id . :x9.69.3) (:span 153 200)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.69) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102642@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The soluble DCCs from these extracts are therefore not necessarily functional and might differ from those in males.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . 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(:end . 115) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 60)))@@@1@19@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.70.1) (:span 82 87)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x9.70.2) (:span 51 54)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.70.1) (:span 82 114)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.70.2) (:span 51 77)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.70) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102643@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Second, the interaction between roX RNA and MOF protein appears to lack specificity.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "second") (:form . "Second") (:end . 6) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 7) (:start . 6) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 11) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interaction") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 12) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "between") (:form . "between") (:end . 31)\n (:start . 24) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "roX") (:form . 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(:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 56)))@@@1@15@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.71.2) (:span 56 63)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x9.71.1) (:span 67 71)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.71.2) (:span 8 83)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.71.1) (:span 67 83)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.71) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102644@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The lack of specificity might be attributed to a number of reasons, such as the absence of other MSL components, the presence of other RNAs interacting with MOF, or worse, it might reflect a property of MOF without functional significance: that is, MOF might not contact RNA at all in vivo.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "lack") (:form . "lack") (:end . 8) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 11) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . 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"keep") (:form . "Keeping") (:end . 7) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 12) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "cautious") (:form . "cautious") (:end . 21)\n (:start . 13) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "note") (:form . "note") (:end . 26) (:start . 22)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 29) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mind") (:form . "mind") (:end . 34) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 35) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 37) (:start . 36)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "RBR") (:stem . "more") (:form . "more") (:end . 42) (:start . 38)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "attractive") (:form . "attractive") (:end . 53)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alternative") (:form . 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(:end . 219) (:start . 218)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.74.1) (:span 88 95)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.74.1) (:span 88 119)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.74) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102647@unknown@formal@none@1@S@If such a scenario is correct, each of the interactions between different components of the DCC might be quite weak, and perhaps not even highly specific, but in the context of additional interactions becomes more stable.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "if") (:form . "If") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 7) (:start . 3)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 9) (:start . 8)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "scenario") (:form . "scenario") (:end . 18)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 21) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . 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(:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 72)))@@@1@31@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.76.1) (:span 35 40)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.76.1) (:span 35 199)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.76) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102650@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The addition of both MLE and roX2 RNA might allow the formation of a primary complex (the primDCC), which might be stabilized by the direct interaction of a structural motif of roX2 RNA with the MLE protein, as well as interactions of this complex with MSL1 and MSL2.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "addition") (:form . "addition") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 15) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "both") (:form . "both") (:end . 20) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MLE") (:form . 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"with") (:end . 190) (:start . 186)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 194) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mle") (:form . "MLE") (:end . 198) (:start . 195)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "protein") (:end . 206)\n (:start . 199) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 210) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 215) (:start . 211)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 218) (:start . 216)\n (:id . 85))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 231)\n (:start . 219) (:id . 86))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 234) (:start . 232)\n (:id . 87))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 239) (:start . 235)\n (:id . 88))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 247)\n (:start . 240) (:id . 89))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 252) (:start . 248)\n (:id . 90))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL1") (:form . "MSL1") (:end . 257) (:start . 253)\n (:id . 91))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 261) (:start . 258)\n (:id . 92))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MSL2") (:form . "MSL2") (:end . 266) (:start . 262)\n (:id . 93))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 267) (:start . 266)\n (:id . 94)))@@@1@53@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.78.1) (:span 106 111)) ((:id . :x9.78.2) (:span 38 43)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.78.1) (:span 100 266))\n ((:id . :x9.78.2) (:span 38 98)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.78) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102651@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The primDCC might then be reinforced by the addition of the remaining two proteins, MSL3 and MOF, one or both of which might recognize other motifs within the roX2 RNA, to form the mature complex (matDCC).@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "primdcc") (:form . "primDCC") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 17) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . 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(:end . 205) (:start . 204)\n (:id . 83)))@@@1@42@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.79.1) (:span 119 124)) ((:id . :x9.79.2) (:span 102 104))\n ((:id . :x9.79.3) (:span 12 17)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.79.1) (:span 119 204))\n ((:id . :x9.79.2) (:span 98 109)) ((:id . :x9.79.3) (:span 0 96)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.79) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102652@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Finally, matDCC might be further stabilized by the addition of roX1 RNA, which could interact with several of the MSLs and perhaps roX2 RNA as well.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "finally") (:form . "Finally") (:end . 7)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 8) (:start . 7) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "matdcc") (:form . "matDCC") (:end . 15) (:start . 9)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 21) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . 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"MD") (:stem . "could") (:form . "could") (:end . 84) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "interact") (:form . "interact") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 98) (:start . 94)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "several") (:form . "several") (:end . 106)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 109) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 113) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNPS") (:stem . "MSL") (:form . "MSLs") (:end . 118) (:start . 114)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 122) (:start . 119)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "perhaps") (:form . "perhaps") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox2") (:form . "roX2") (:end . 135) (:start . 131)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "RNA") (:form . "RNA") (:end . 139) (:start . 136)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 142) (:start . 140)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "well") (:form . "well") (:end . 147) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 148) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 70)))@@@1@29@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.80.1) (:span 79 84)) ((:id . :x9.80.2) (:span 16 21)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.80.1) (:span 79 147)) ((:id . :x9.80.2) (:span 9 147)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.80) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102653@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Significantly, assembly and disassembly of the complex might not necessarily follow the same order.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "significantly") (:form . "Significantly")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "assembly") (:form . "assembly") (:end . 23)\n (:start . 15) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 27) (:start . 24)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "disassembly") (:form . "disassembly") (:end . 39)\n (:start . 28) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 42) (:start . 40)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 46) (:start . 43)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 47) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 60) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "not") (:form . "not") (:end . 64) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "necessarily") (:form . "necessarily") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "follow") (:form . "follow") (:end . 83)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 87) (:start . 84)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "same") (:form . "same") (:end . 92) (:start . 88)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "order") (:form . "order") (:end . 98) (:start . 93)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 99) (:start . 98)\n (:id . 57)))@@@1@16@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.81.2) (:span 55 60)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x9.81.1) (:span 61 64)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.81.2) (:span 55 98)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.81.1) (:span 61 98)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.81) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102654@unknown@formal@none@1@S@For example, once the complex is formed, removal (for example, by high ionic strength) of a single component brought in relatively early (such as MLE) might be possible without affecting the rest of the complex.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "For") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . 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"NN") (:stem . "example") (:form . "example") (:end . 61)\n (:start . 54) (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 62) (:start . 61)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 65) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "high") (:form . "high") (:end . 70) (:start . 66)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "ionic") (:form . "ionic") (:end . 76) (:start . 71)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "strength") (:form . "strength") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 77) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 89) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "a") (:form . "a") (:end . 91) (:start . 90)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "single") (:form . "single") (:end . 98)\n (:start . 92) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "component") (:form . "component") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 99) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "bring") (:form . "brought") (:end . 116)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 119) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "relatively") (:form . "relatively") (:end . 130)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "early") (:form . "early") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 131) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "(") (:form . "(") (:end . 138) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "such") (:form . "such") (:end . 142) (:start . 138)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 145) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "MLE") (:form . "MLE") (:end . 149) (:start . 146)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . ")") (:form . ")") (:end . 150) (:start . 149)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 159) (:start . 157)\n (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "possible") (:form . "possible") (:end . 168)\n (:start . 160) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "without") (:form . "without") (:end . 176)\n (:start . 169) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "affect") (:form . "affecting") (:end . 186)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 190) (:start . 187)\n (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rest") (:form . "rest") (:end . 195) (:start . 191)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 198) (:start . 196)\n (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 202) (:start . 199)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "complex") (:form . "complex") (:end . 210)\n (:start . 203) (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 211) (:start . 210)\n (:id . 84)))@@@1@43@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.82.2) (:span 151 156 160 168)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x9.82.1) (:span 169 176)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.82.2) (:span 41 210)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.82.1) (:span 169 210)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.82) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102655@unknown@formal@none@1@S@One major task at hand now will be to resolve the specificities of the proposed interactions between the various MSL proteins and the roX RNAs.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "One") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "major") (:form . "major") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "task") (:form . "task") (:end . 14) (:start . 10)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "at") (:form . "at") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hand") (:form . 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(:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 76)))@@@1@35@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.84.2) (:span 68 73)) ((:id . :x9.84.3) (:span 5 10)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x9.84.1) (:span 74 77)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.84.2) (:span 68 96)) ((:id . :x9.84.3) (:span 0 96)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.84.1) (:span 74 96)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.84) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102657@unknown@formal@none@1@S@An alternative might be to establish a heterologous in vivo system such as yeast, where protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions can be readily detected using sensitive reporter assays.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "an") (:form . "An") (:end . 2) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "alternative") (:form . "alternative") (:end . 14)\n (:start . 3) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "might") (:form . "might") (:end . 20) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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",") (:form . ",") (:end . 81) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "where") (:form . "where") (:end . 87) (:start . 82)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "protein-protein") (:form . "protein-protein")\n (:end . 103) (:start . 88) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 107) (:start . 104)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rna-protein") (:form . "RNA-protein") (:end . 119)\n (:start . 108) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "interaction") (:form . "interactions") (:end . 132)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "MD") (:stem . "can") (:form . "can") (:end . 136) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "be") (:form . "be") (:end . 139) (:start . 137)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "readily") (:form . "readily") (:end . 147)\n (:start . 140) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "detect") (:form . "detected") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 148) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "use") (:form . 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(:end . 107) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 59)))@@@1@18@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.86.1) (:span 31 38)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.86.1) (:span 31 106)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.86) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102660@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Unfortunately, no roX2 mutations have been recovered yet; they would be important tools for validating the significance of the roX RNAs in vivo.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "unfortunately") (:form . "Unfortunately")\n (:end . 13) (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 14) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox2") (:form . "roX2") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mutation") (:form . "mutations") (:end . 32)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "have") (:form . 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(:end . 144) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.88.1) (:span 63 68)))\n (:ncues ((:id . :x9.88.2) (:span 15 17)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.88.1) (:span 63 143)))\n (:nscopes ((:id . :x9.88.2) (:span 15 52)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.88) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102661@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Furthermore, roX1 and roX2 are only the first two of about 35 chromatin entry sites, although perhaps they are the most important ones.@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "furthermore") (:form . "Furthermore") (:end . 11)\n (:start . 0) (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 12) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox1") (:form . "roX1") (:end . 17) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "rox2") (:form . 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"site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 83) (:start . 78)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "although") (:form . "although") (:end . 93)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "perhaps") (:form . "perhaps") (:end . 101)\n (:start . 94) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 106) (:start . 102)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 110) (:start . 107)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 114) (:start . 111)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "RBS") (:stem . "most") (:form . "most") (:end . 119) (:start . 115)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "important") (:form . "important") (:end . 129)\n (:start . 120) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "one") (:form . "ones") (:end . 134) (:start . 130)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 135) (:start . 134)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.89.1) (:span 94 101)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.89.1) (:span 94 134)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.89) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102662@unknown@formal@none@1@S@The nature of the remaining 33 sites is entirely unclear and there is, as yet, no evidence that they contain other roX-like RNAs.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "The") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "nature") (:form . "nature") (:end . 10) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 13) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 17) (:start . 14)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "remain") (:form . "remaining") (:end . 27)\n (:start . 18) (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "33") (:form . 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",") (:end . 78) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "no") (:form . "no") (:end . 81) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "evidence") (:form . "evidence") (:end . 90)\n (:start . 82) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 95) (:start . 91)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 100) (:start . 96)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "contain") (:form . "contain") (:end . 108)\n (:start . 101) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 114)\n (:start . 109) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "rox-like") (:form . "roX-like") (:end . 123)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "rna") (:form . "RNAs") (:end . 128) (:start . 124)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 129) (:start . 128)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.90.1) (:span 79 90)) ((:id . :x9.90.2) (:span 49 56)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.90.1) (:span 79 128)) ((:id . :x9.90.2) (:span 0 56)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.90) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102663@unknown@formal@none@1@S@This brings us to the largest of all mysteries, namely how the DCC is spread along the X chromosome.@(((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "This") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "bring") (:form . "brings") (:end . 11) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "us") (:form . "us") (:end . 14) (:start . 12)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 17) (:start . 15)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 21) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "JJS") (:stem . "large") (:form . "largest") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 22) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 32) (:start . 30)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 36) (:start . 33)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "mystery") (:form . "mysteries") (:end . 46)\n (:start . 37) (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 47) (:start . 46)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "namely") (:form . "namely") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 48) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "WRB") (:stem . "how") (:form . "how") (:end . 58) (:start . 55)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 62) (:start . 59)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "DCC") (:form . "DCC") (:end . 66) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . "is") (:end . 69) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "spread") (:form . "spread") (:end . 76)\n (:start . 70) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "along") (:form . "along") (:end . 82) (:start . 77)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 86) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X") (:form . "X") (:end . 88) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromosome") (:form . "chromosome") (:end . 99)\n (:start . 89) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 100) (:start . 99)\n (:id . 62)))@@@1@21@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.91) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102664@unknown@formal@none@1@S@One possibility is that the remaining 33 or so sites are ''stations' that serve as spreading facilitators in the form of DNA elements.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "One") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "possibility") (:form . "possibility") (:end . 15)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "be") (:form . 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"’") (:end . 68) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "WDT") (:stem . "that") (:form . "that") (:end . 73) (:start . 69)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "serve") (:form . "serve") (:end . 79) (:start . 74)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "as") (:form . "as") (:end . 82) (:start . 80)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "spread") (:form . "spreading") (:end . 92)\n (:start . 83) (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "facilitator") (:form . "facilitators") (:end . 105)\n (:start . 93) (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 108) (:start . 106)\n (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 112) (:start . 109)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "form") (:form . "form") (:end . 117) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dna") (:form . "DNA") (:end . 124) (:start . 121)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "element") (:form . "elements") (:end . 133)\n (:start . 125) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 134) (:start . 133)\n (:id . 67)))@@@1@26@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.92.1) (:span 41 43)) ((:id . :x9.92.2) (:span 4 15)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.92.1) (:span 28 46)) ((:id . :x9.92.2) (:span 4 133)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.92) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102665@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Thus, primDCCs and/or mature (mat) DCCs, originating from the roX entry sites, might hop from one ''station'' to the next and eventually reach all the entry sites distributed along the entire X chromosome [1].@(((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "thus") (:form . "Thus") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 5) (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "primdcc") (:form . 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"to") (:end . 112) (:start . 110)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 116) (:start . 113)\n (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "next") (:form . "next") (:end . 121) (:start . 117)\n (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 125) (:start . 122)\n (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "eventually") (:form . "eventually") (:end . 136)\n (:start . 126) (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "VB") (:stem . "reach") (:form . "reach") (:end . 142)\n (:start . 137) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "PDT") (:stem . "all") (:form . "all") (:end . 146) (:start . 143)\n (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 150) (:start . 147)\n (:id . 73))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "entry") (:form . "entry") (:end . 156)\n (:start . 151) (:id . 74))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 162)\n (:start . 157) (:id . 75))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "distribute") (:form . "distributed") (:end . 174)\n (:start . 163) (:id . 76))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "along") (:form . "along") (:end . 180)\n (:start . 175) (:id . 77))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 184) (:start . 181)\n (:id . 78))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "entire") (:form . "entire") (:end . 191)\n (:start . 185) (:id . 79))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X") (:form . "X") (:end . 193) (:start . 192)\n (:id . 80))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromosome") (:form . "chromosome") (:end . 204)\n (:start . 194) (:id . 81))\n ((:tag . "(") (:stem . "[") (:form . "[") (:end . 206) (:start . 205)\n (:id . 82))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "1") (:form . "1") (:end . 207) (:start . 206)\n (:id . 83))\n ((:tag . ")") (:stem . "]") (:form . "]") (:end . 208) (:start . 207)\n (:id . 84))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 209) (:start . 208)\n (:id . 85)))@@@1@44@((:hcues ((:id . :x9.93.1) (:span 79 84)))\n (:hscopes ((:id . :x9.93.1) (:span 79 204)))\n (:identifiers (:sid . :s9.93) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102666@unknown@formal@none@1@S@From these sites, they then reach into the neighboring chromatin regions by yet another mechanism.@(((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "from") (:form . "From") (:end . 4) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "these") (:form . "these") (:end . 10) (:start . 5)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "site") (:form . "sites") (:end . 16) (:start . 11)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ",") (:stem . ",") (:form . ",") (:end . 17) (:start . 16)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 22) (:start . 18)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "then") (:form . "then") (:end . 27) (:start . 23)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "reach") (:form . "reach") (:end . 33) (:start . 28)\n (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "into") (:form . "into") (:end . 38) (:start . 34)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 42) (:start . 39)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBG") (:stem . "neighbor") (:form . "neighboring") (:end . 54)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromatin") (:form . "chromatin") (:end . 64)\n (:start . 55) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "region") (:form . "regions") (:end . 72)\n (:start . 65) (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 75) (:start . 73)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "RB") (:stem . "yet") (:form . "yet") (:end . 79) (:start . 76)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "another") (:form . "another") (:end . 87)\n (:start . 80) (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mechanism") (:form . "mechanism") (:end . 97)\n (:start . 88) (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 98) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 58)))@@@1@17@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.94) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102667@unknown@formal@none@1@S@One final thought: the dosage compensation machinery in C. elegans acts on the two X chromosomes in the hermaphrodite by twofold down-regulation of gene expression.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "one") (:form . "One") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "final") (:form . "final") (:end . 9) (:start . 4)\n (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "thought") (:form . "thought") (:end . 17)\n (:start . 10) (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ":") (:form . ":") (:end . 18) (:start . 17)\n (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 22) (:start . 19)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "dosage") (:form . "dosage") (:end . 29)\n (:start . 23) (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "compensation") (:form . "compensation") (:end . 42)\n (:start . 30) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "machinery") (:form . "machinery") (:end . 52)\n (:start . 43) (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 55) (:start . 53)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "C.") (:form . "C.") (:end . 58) (:start . 56)\n (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "elegans") (:form . "elegans") (:end . 66)\n (:start . 59) (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "VBZ") (:stem . "act") (:form . "acts") (:end . 71) (:start . 67)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "on") (:form . "on") (:end . 74) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 78) (:start . 75)\n (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "two") (:form . "two") (:end . 82) (:start . 79)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X") (:form . "X") (:end . 84) (:start . 83)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "chromosome") (:form . "chromosomes") (:end . 96)\n (:start . 85) (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 99) (:start . 97)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "hermaphrodite") (:form . "hermaphrodite")\n (:end . 117) (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "by") (:form . "by") (:end . 120) (:start . 118)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "twofold") (:form . "twofold") (:end . 128)\n (:start . 121) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "down-regulation") (:form . "down-regulation")\n (:end . 144) (:start . 129) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 147) (:start . 145)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "gene") (:form . "gene") (:end . 152) (:start . 148)\n (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "expression") (:form . "expression") (:end . 163)\n (:start . 153) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 164) (:start . 163)\n (:id . 68)))@@@1@27@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.95) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011 5102668@unknown@formal@none@1@S@Six proteins are essential for this process and they associate with the X chromosomes; four of them are related to factors involved in chromosome condensation during mitosis in other systems.@(((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "six") (:form . "Six") (:end . 3) (:start . 0)\n (:id . 42))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "protein") (:form . "proteins") (:end . 12)\n (:start . 4) (:id . 43))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 16) (:start . 13)\n (:id . 44))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "essential") (:form . "essential") (:end . 26)\n (:start . 17) (:id . 45))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "for") (:form . "for") (:end . 30) (:start . 27)\n (:id . 46))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "this") (:form . "this") (:end . 35) (:start . 31)\n (:id . 47))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "process") (:form . "process") (:end . 43)\n (:start . 36) (:id . 48))\n ((:tag . "CC") (:stem . "and") (:form . "and") (:end . 47) (:start . 44)\n (:id . 49))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "they") (:form . "they") (:end . 52) (:start . 48)\n (:id . 50))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "associate") (:form . "associate") (:end . 62)\n (:start . 53) (:id . 51))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "with") (:form . "with") (:end . 67) (:start . 63)\n (:id . 52))\n ((:tag . "DT") (:stem . "the") (:form . "the") (:end . 71) (:start . 68)\n (:id . 53))\n ((:tag . "NNP") (:stem . "X") (:form . "X") (:end . 73) (:start . 72)\n (:id . 54))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "chromosome") (:form . "chromosomes") (:end . 85)\n (:start . 74) (:id . 55))\n ((:tag . ":") (:stem . ";") (:form . ";") (:end . 86) (:start . 85)\n (:id . 56))\n ((:tag . "CD") (:stem . "four") (:form . "four") (:end . 91) (:start . 87)\n (:id . 57))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "of") (:form . "of") (:end . 94) (:start . 92)\n (:id . 58))\n ((:tag . "PRP") (:stem . "them") (:form . "them") (:end . 99) (:start . 95)\n (:id . 59))\n ((:tag . "VBP") (:stem . "be") (:form . "are") (:end . 103) (:start . 100)\n (:id . 60))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "relate") (:form . "related") (:end . 111)\n (:start . 104) (:id . 61))\n ((:tag . "TO") (:stem . "to") (:form . "to") (:end . 114) (:start . 112)\n (:id . 62))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "factor") (:form . "factors") (:end . 122)\n (:start . 115) (:id . 63))\n ((:tag . "VBN") (:stem . "involve") (:form . "involved") (:end . 131)\n (:start . 123) (:id . 64))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 134) (:start . 132)\n (:id . 65))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "chromosome") (:form . "chromosome") (:end . 145)\n (:start . 135) (:id . 66))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "condensation") (:form . "condensation") (:end . 158)\n (:start . 146) (:id . 67))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "during") (:form . "during") (:end . 165)\n (:start . 159) (:id . 68))\n ((:tag . "NN") (:stem . "mitosis") (:form . "mitosis") (:end . 173)\n (:start . 166) (:id . 69))\n ((:tag . "IN") (:stem . "in") (:form . "in") (:end . 176) (:start . 174)\n (:id . 70))\n ((:tag . "JJ") (:stem . "other") (:form . "other") (:end . 182)\n (:start . 177) (:id . 71))\n ((:tag . "NNS") (:stem . "system") (:form . "systems") (:end . 190)\n (:start . 183) (:id . 72))\n ((:tag . ".") (:stem . ".") (:form . ".") (:end . 191) (:start . 190)\n (:id . 73)))@@@1@32@((:identifiers (:sid . :s9.96) (:did . :pmc138894) (:did-type . :pmcid)\n (:dtype . :|Biological_full_article|) (:dpart . :|Text|)))@oe@9-2-2011