0 9 Essential essential JJ 10 14 role role NN 15 17 of of IN 18 26 alveolar alveolar JJ 27 38 macrophages macrophage NNS 39 41 in in IN 42 56 intrapulmonary intrapulmonary JJ 57 67 activation activation NN 68 70 of of IN 71 80 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 80 81 . . . 83 88 Acute acute JJ 89 101 inflammatory inflammatory JJ 102 108 injury injury NN 109 111 in in IN 112 115 rat rat NN 116 120 lung lung NN 121 128 induced induce VBN 129 131 by by IN 132 142 deposition deposition NN 143 145 of of IN 146 160 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN 161 162 G G NNP 163 169 immune immune JJ 170 179 complexes complex NNS 180 188 requires require VBZ 189 199 expression expression NN 200 202 of of IN 203 212 cytokines cytokine NNS 213 216 and and CC 217 227 chemokines chemokine NNS 228 230 as as RB 231 235 well well RB 236 238 as as IN 239 249 activation activation NN 250 252 of of IN 253 256 the the DT 257 270 transcription transcription NN 271 277 factor factor NN 278 285 nuclear nuclear JJ 286 292 factor factor NN 293 294 ( ( ( 294 304 NF)-kappaB NF)-kappaB NNP 304 305 . . . 306 311 There there EX 312 314 is be VBZ 315 321 little little JJ 322 328 direct direct JJ 329 337 evidence evidence NN 338 347 regarding regard VBG 348 351 the the DT 352 356 role role NN 357 359 of of IN 360 368 alveolar alveolar JJ 369 380 macrophages macrophage NNS 381 383 in in IN 384 389 these these DT 390 400 activation activation NN 401 407 events event NNS 407 408 . . . 409 411 In in IN 412 415 the the DT 416 423 present present JJ 424 431 studies study NNS 431 432 , , , 433 436 rat rat NN 437 442 lungs lung NNS 443 447 were be VBD 448 456 depleted deplete VBN 457 459 of of IN 460 468 alveolar alveolar JJ 469 480 macrophages macrophage NNS 481 483 by by IN 484 490 airway airway NN 491 503 instillation instillation NN 504 506 of of IN 507 528 liposome-encapsulated liposome-encapsulated JJ 529 546 dichloromethylene dichloromethylene NN 547 560 diphosphonate diphosphonate NN 560 561 . . . 562 567 These these DT 568 578 procedures procedure NNS 578 579 , , , 580 585 which which WDT 586 593 greatly greatly RB 594 601 reduced reduce VBD 602 605 the the DT 606 612 number number NN 613 615 of of IN 616 627 retrievable retrievable JJ 628 636 alveolar alveolar JJ 637 648 macrophages macrophage NNS 648 649 , , , 650 660 suppressed suppress VBD 661 671 activation activation NN 672 674 of of IN 675 679 lung lung NN 680 689 NF-kappaB nf-kappab NN 690 692 in in IN 693 696 the the DT 697 709 inflammatory inflammatory JJ 710 715 model model NN 715 716 . . . 717 719 In in IN 720 728 addition addition NN 728 729 , , , 730 745 bronchoalveolar bronchoalveolar JJ 746 752 lavage lavage NN 753 759 levels level NNS 760 762 of of IN 763 768 tumor tumor NN 769 777 necrosis necrosis NN 778 790 factor-alpha factor-alpha NN 791 792 ( ( ( 792 801 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 801 802 ) ) ) 803 806 and and CC 807 810 the the DT 811 814 CXC CXC NNP 815 824 chemokine chemokine NN 824 825 , , , 826 836 macrophage macrophage NN 837 849 inflammatory inflammatory JJ 850 859 protein-2 protein-2 NN 859 860 , , , 861 865 were be VBD 866 879 substantially substantially RB 880 887 reduced reduce VBN 887 888 . . . 889 891 In in IN 892 900 parallel parallel NN 900 901 , , , 902 914 upregulation upregulation NN 915 917 of of IN 918 921 the the DT 922 926 lung lung NN 927 935 vascular vascular JJ 936 944 adhesion adhesion NN 945 953 molecule molecule NN 953 954 , , , 955 968 intercellular intercellular JJ 969 977 adhesion adhesion NN 978 988 molecule-1 molecule-1 NN 988 989 , , , 990 993 was be VBD 994 1001 greatly greatly RB 1002 1009 reduced reduce VBN 1010 1012 by by IN 1013 1027 intrapulmonary intrapulmonary JJ 1028 1040 instillation instillation NN 1041 1043 of of IN 1044 1066 phosphonate-containing phosphonate-containing JJ 1067 1076 liposomes liposome NNS 1076 1077 . . . 1078 1088 Neutrophil Neutrophil NNP 1089 1101 accumulation accumulation NN 1102 1105 and and CC 1106 1117 development development NN 1118 1120 of of IN 1121 1125 lung lung NN 1126 1132 injury injury NN 1133 1137 were be VBD 1138 1142 also also RB 1143 1156 substantially substantially RB 1157 1167 diminished diminish VBN 1167 1168 . . . 1169 1173 Lung Lung NNP 1174 1186 instillation instillation NN 1187 1189 of of IN 1190 1199 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1200 1202 in in IN 1203 1211 alveolar alveolar JJ 1212 1231 macrophage-depleted macrophage-depleted JJ 1232 1236 rats rat NNS 1237 1245 restored restore VBD 1246 1249 the the DT 1250 1259 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1260 1270 activation activation NN 1271 1279 response response NN 1280 1282 in in IN 1283 1288 whole whole JJ 1289 1293 lung lung NN 1293 1294 . . . 1295 1300 These these DT 1301 1305 data datum NNS 1306 1313 suggest suggest VBP 1314 1318 that that IN 1318 1319 , , , 1320 1322 in in IN 1323 1327 this this DT 1328 1340 inflammatory inflammatory JJ 1341 1346 model model NN 1346 1347 , , , 1348 1355 initial initial JJ 1356 1366 activation activation NN 1367 1369 of of IN 1370 1379 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1380 1386 occurs occur VBZ 1387 1389 in in IN 1390 1398 alveolar alveolar JJ 1399 1410 macrophages macrophage NNS 1411 1414 and and CC 1415 1418 the the DT 1419 1426 ensuing ensue VBG 1427 1437 production production NN 1438 1440 of of IN 1441 1450 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1451 1454 may may MD 1455 1464 propagate propagate VB 1465 1474 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1475 1485 activation activation NN 1486 1488 to to TO 1489 1494 other other JJ 1495 1499 cell cell NN 1500 1505 types type NNS 1506 1508 in in IN 1509 1512 the the DT 1513 1517 lung lung NN 1517 1518 . . .