0	6	GM-CSF	GM-CSF	NNP
7	10	and	and	CC
11	15	IL-2	il-2	NN
16	21	share	share	VBP
22	28	common	common	JJ
29	36	control	control	NN
37	47	mechanisms	mechanism	NNS
48	50	in	in	IN
51	59	response	response	NN
60	62	to	to	TO
63	76	costimulatory	costimulatory	JJ
77	84	signals	signal	NNS
85	87	in	in	IN
88	89	T	t	NN
90	95	cells	cell	NNS
95	96	.	.	.

98	105	Antigen	antigen	NN
106	115	complexed	complexe	VBN
116	120	with	with	IN
121	126	major	major	JJ
127	145	histocompatibility	histocompatibility	NN
146	153	complex	complex	NN
154	159	class	class	NN
160	161	I	i	CD
162	164	or	or	CC
165	167	II	ii	CD
168	177	molecules	molecule	NNS
178	180	on	on	IN
181	184	the	the	DT
185	192	surface	surface	NN
193	195	of	of	IN
196	203	antigen	antigen	NN
204	214	presenting	presenting	NN
215	220	cells	cell	NNS
221	230	interacts	interact	VBZ
231	235	with	with	IN
236	239	the	the	DT
240	241	T	t	NN
242	246	cell	cell	NN
247	255	receptor	receptor	NN
256	257	(	(	(
257	260	TCR	TCR	NNP
260	261	)	)	)
262	264	on	on	IN
265	268	the	the	DT
269	276	surface	surface	NN
277	279	of	of	IN
280	281	T	t	NN
282	287	cells	cell	NNS
288	291	and	and	CC
292	301	initiates	initiate	VBZ
302	304	an	an	DT
305	315	activation	activation	NN
316	323	cascade	cascade	NN
323	324	.	.	.

325	327	So	so	RB
328	334	called	call	VBN
335	348	costimulatory	costimulatory	JJ
349	356	signals	signal	NNS
356	357	,	,	,
358	366	mediated	mediate	VBN
367	369	by	by	IN
370	375	other	other	JJ
376	380	cell	cell	NN
381	388	surface	surface	NN
389	401	interactions	interaction	NNS
402	404	or	or	CC
405	412	soluble	soluble	JJ
413	422	cytokines	cytokine	NNS
423	431	produced	produce	VBN
432	434	by	by	IN
435	442	antigen	antigen	NN
443	453	presenting	presenting	NN
454	459	cells	cell	NNS
459	460	,	,	,
461	464	are	be	VBP
465	469	also	also	RB
470	478	required	require	VBN
479	482	for	for	IN
483	491	complete	complete	JJ
492	493	T	t	NN
494	498	cell	cell	NN
499	509	activation	activation	NN
509	510	.	.	.

511	515	High	high	JJ
516	522	levels	level	NNS
523	525	of	of	IN
526	534	cytokine	cytokine	NN
535	539	gene	gene	NN
540	550	expression	expression	NN
551	553	in	in	IN
554	555	T	t	NN
556	561	cells	cell	NNS
562	566	also	also	RB
567	575	required	require	VBD
576	580	both	both	CC
581	584	TCR	TCR	NNP
585	588	and	and	CC
589	602	costimulatory	costimulatory	JJ
603	610	signals	signal	NNS
610	611	.	.	.

612	615	The	the	DT
616	638	granulocyte-macrophage	granulocyte-macrophage	JJ
639	657	colony-stimulating	colony-stimulating	JJ
658	664	factor	factor	NN
665	673	requires	require	VBZ
674	683	sequences	sequence	NNS
684	686	in	in	IN
687	690	the	the	DT
691	699	promoter	promoter	NN
700	702	as	as	RB
703	707	well	well	RB
708	710	as	as	IN
711	712	a	a	DT
713	721	powerful	powerful	JJ
722	730	enhancer	enhancer	NN
731	738	located	located	JJ
739	742	3kb	3kb	JJ
743	751	upstream	upstream	JJ
752	754	to	to	TO
755	762	respond	respond	VB
763	765	to	to	TO
766	774	TCR-like	tcr-like	JJ
775	782	signals	signal	NNS
782	783	.	.	.

784	789	These	these	DT
790	798	promoter	promoter	NN
799	802	and	and	CC
803	811	enhancer	enhancer	NN
812	819	regions	region	NNS
820	823	are	be	VBP
824	830	mainly	mainly	RB
831	840	activated	activate	VBN
841	843	by	by	IN
844	847	the	the	DT
848	861	transcription	transcription	NN
862	868	factor	factor	NN
869	876	nuclear	nuclear	JJ
877	883	factor	factor	NN
884	886	of	of	IN
887	896	activated	activate	VBN
897	898	T	t	NN
899	904	cells	cell	NNS
905	906	(	(	(
906	910	NFAT	NFAT	NNP
910	911	)	)	)
911	912	.	.	.

913	916	The	the	DT
917	927	activation	activation	NN
928	930	of	of	IN
931	935	NFAT	NFAT	NNP
936	938	by	by	IN
939	942	TCR	TCR	NNP
943	950	signals	signal	NNS
951	954	has	have	VBZ
955	959	been	be	VBN
960	964	well	well	RB
965	974	described	describe	VBN
975	978	for	for	IN
979	992	interleukin-2	interleukin-2	NN
993	994	(	(	(
994	998	IL-2	il-2	NN
998	999	)	)	)
1000	1003	and	and	CC
1004	1008	IL-4	il-4	NN
1009	1013	gene	gene	NN
1014	1027	transcription	transcription	NN
1028	1030	in	in	IN
1031	1032	T	t	NN
1033	1038	cells	cell	NNS
1038	1039	.	.	.

1040	1053	Costimulatory	costimulatory	JJ
1054	1061	signals	signal	NNS
1061	1062	,	,	,
1063	1067	such	such	JJ
1068	1070	as	as	IN
1071	1081	activation	activation	NN
1082	1084	of	of	IN
1085	1088	the	the	DT
1089	1093	CD28	cd28	NN
1094	1098	cell	cell	NN
1099	1106	surface	surface	NN
1107	1115	molecule	molecule	NN
1116	1118	on	on	IN
1119	1120	T	t	NN
1121	1126	cells	cell	NNS
1126	1127	,	,	,
1128	1132	lead	lead	VBP
1133	1135	to	to	TO
1136	1146	activation	activation	NN
1147	1154	through	through	IN
1155	1156	a	a	DT
1157	1165	distinct	distinct	JJ
1166	1172	region	region	NN
1173	1175	of	of	IN
1176	1179	the	the	DT
1180	1202	granulocyte-macrophage	granulocyte-macrophage	JJ
1203	1221	colony-stimulating	colony-stimulating	JJ
1222	1228	factor	factor	NN
1229	1230	(	(	(
1230	1236	GM-CSF	GM-CSF	NNP
1236	1237	)	)	)
1238	1246	promoter	promoter	NN
1246	1247	.	.	.

1248	1252	This	this	DT
1253	1259	region	region	NN
1260	1262	is	be	VBZ
1263	1269	termed	term	VBN
1270	1273	the	the	DT
1274	1278	CK-1	ck-1	NN
1279	1281	or	or	CC
1282	1288	CD28RE	CD28RE	NNP
1289	1292	and	and	CC
1293	1300	appears	appear	VBZ
1301	1303	to	to	TO
1304	1308	bind	bind	VB
1309	1317	specific	specific	JJ
1318	1325	members	member	NNS
1326	1328	of	of	IN
1329	1332	the	the	DT
1333	1341	NF-kappa	NF-kappa	NNP
1342	1343	B	B	NNP
1344	1350	family	family	NN
1351	1353	of	of	IN
1354	1367	transcription	transcription	NN
1368	1375	factors	factor	NNS
1375	1376	.	.	.

1377	1382	Human	human	JJ
1383	1384	T	t	NN
1385	1393	leukemia	leukemia	NN
1394	1399	virus	virus	NN
1400	1404	type	type	NN
1405	1406	1	1	CD
1407	1408	(	(	(
1408	1414	HTLV-1	htlv-1	NN
1414	1415	)	)	)
1416	1423	infects	infect	VBZ
1424	1425	T	t	NN
1426	1431	cells	cell	NNS
1432	1435	and	and	CC
1436	1439	can	can	MD
1440	1444	lead	lead	VB
1445	1447	to	to	TO
1448	1456	increase	increase	VB
1457	1463	GM-CSF	GM-CSF	NNP
1464	1474	expression	expression	NN
1474	1475	.	.	.

1476	1478	We	we	PRP
1479	1483	have	have	VBP
1484	1489	found	find	VBN
1490	1494	that	that	IN
1495	1498	the	the	DT
1499	1505	HTLV-1	htlv-1	NN
1506	1520	transactivator	transactivator	NN
1521	1528	protein	protein	NN
1528	1529	,	,	,
1530	1533	tax	tax	NN
1533	1534	,	,	,
1535	1539	acts	act	VBZ
1540	1542	as	as	IN
1543	1544	a	a	DT
1545	1558	costimulatory	costimulatory	JJ
1559	1565	signal	signal	NN
1566	1569	for	for	IN
1570	1576	GM-CSF	GM-CSF	NNP
1577	1580	and	and	CC
1581	1585	IL-2	il-2	NN
1586	1590	gene	gene	NN
1591	1604	transcription	transcription	NN
1604	1605	,	,	,
1606	1608	in	in	IN
1609	1613	that	that	IN
1614	1616	it	it	PRP
1617	1620	can	can	MD
1621	1630	cooperate	cooperate	VB
1631	1635	with	with	IN
1636	1639	TCR	TCR	NNP
1640	1647	signals	signal	NNS
1648	1650	to	to	TO
1651	1658	mediate	mediate	VB
1659	1663	high	high	JJ
1664	1669	level	level	NN
1670	1674	gene	gene	NN
1675	1685	expression	expression	NN
1685	1686	.	.	.

1687	1690	Tax	Tax	NNP
1691	1700	activates	activate	VBZ
1701	1704	the	the	DT
1705	1711	GM-CSF	GM-CSF	NNP
1712	1720	promoter	promoter	NN
1721	1728	through	through	IN
1729	1732	the	the	DT
1733	1744	CK-1/CD28RE	CK-1/CD28RE	NNP
1745	1751	region	region	NN
1752	1755	and	and	CC
1756	1760	also	also	RB
1761	1770	activates	activate	VBZ
1771	1778	nuclear	nuclear	JJ
1779	1791	factor-kappa	factor-kappa	NN
1792	1793	B	B	NNP
1794	1801	binding	bind	VBG
1802	1804	to	to	TO
1805	1809	this	this	DT
1810	1816	region	region	NN
1816	1817	.	.	.

1818	1825	However	however	RB
1825	1826	,	,	,
1827	1832	other	other	JJ
1833	1846	transcription	transcription	NN
1847	1854	factors	factor	NNS
1855	1857	or	or	CC
1858	1870	coactivators	coactivator	NNS
1871	1873	of	of	IN
1874	1882	NF-kappa	NF-kappa	NNP
1883	1884	B	B	NNP
1885	1888	are	be	VBP
1889	1897	required	require	VBN
1898	1901	for	for	IN
1902	1905	tax	tax	NN
1906	1916	activation	activation	NN
1917	1920	but	but	CC
1921	1926	these	these	DT
1927	1933	remain	remain	VBP
1934	1936	to	to	TO
1937	1939	be	be	VB
1940	1950	identified	identify	VBN
1950	1951	.	.	.

1952	1955	The	the	DT
1956	1967	CK-1/CD28RE	ck-1/cd28re	NN
1968	1970	of	of	IN
1971	1977	GM-CSF	GM-CSF	NNP
1978	1983	shows	show	VBZ
1984	1985	a	a	DT
1986	1990	high	high	JJ
1991	1997	degree	degree	NN
1998	2000	of	of	IN
2001	2011	similarity	similarity	NN
2012	2014	to	to	TO
2015	2018	the	the	DT
2019	2023	IL-2	il-2	NN
2024	2030	CD28RE	cd28re	NN
2031	2034	and	and	CC
2035	2038	the	the	DT
2039	2043	IL-3	il-3	NN
2044	2048	gene	gene	NN
2049	2053	also	also	RB
2054	2062	contains	contain	VBZ
2063	2064	a	a	DT
2065	2072	related	related	JJ
2073	2079	region	region	NN
2079	2080	.	.	.

2081	2085	This	this	DT
2086	2097	observation	observation	NN
2097	2098	,	,	,
2099	2107	together	together	RB
2108	2112	with	with	IN
2113	2116	the	the	DT
2117	2121	fact	fact	NN
2122	2126	that	that	IN
2127	2131	both	both	CC
2132	2138	GM-CSF	GM-CSF	NNP
2139	2142	and	and	CC
2143	2147	IL-2	IL-2	NNP
2148	2155	respond	respond	VBP
2156	2158	to	to	TO
2159	2162	TCR	TCR	NNP
2163	2170	signals	signal	NNS
2171	2174	via	via	IN
2175	2179	NFAT	NFAT	NNP
2179	2180	,	,	,
2181	2188	implies	imply	VBZ
2189	2190	a	a	DT
2191	2195	high	high	JJ
2196	2202	degree	degree	NN
2203	2205	of	of	IN
2206	2218	conservation	conservation	NN
2219	2221	in	in	IN
2222	2225	the	the	DT
2226	2236	regulation	regulation	NN
2237	2239	of	of	IN
2240	2248	cytokine	cytokine	NN
2249	2253	gene	gene	NN
2254	2264	expression	expression	NN
2265	2267	in	in	IN
2268	2269	T	t	NN
2270	2275	cells	cell	NNS
2275	2276	.	.	.