0 10 Activation Activation NNP 11 13 of of IN 14 17 the the DT 18 27 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 28 41 transcription transcription NN 42 48 factor factor NN 49 51 in in IN 52 53 a a DT 54 67 T-lymphocytic t-lymphocytic JJ 68 72 cell cell NN 73 77 line line NN 78 80 by by IN 81 93 hypochlorous hypochlorous JJ 94 98 acid acid NN 98 99 . . . 101 109 Reactive reactive JJ 110 116 oxygen oxygen NN 117 124 species specie NNS 125 126 ( ( ( 126 129 ROS ROS NNP 129 130 ) ) ) 131 135 such such JJ 136 138 as as IN 139 147 hydrogen hydrogen NN 148 156 peroxide peroxide NN 157 162 serve serve VBP 163 165 as as IN 166 172 second second JJ 173 183 messengers messenger NNS 184 186 in in IN 187 190 the the DT 191 200 induction induction NN 201 203 of of IN 204 207 the the DT 208 221 transcription transcription NN 222 228 factor factor NN 229 238 NF-kappaB nf-kappab NN 238 239 , , , 240 243 and and CC 244 249 hence hence RB 250 252 in in IN 253 256 the the DT 257 267 activation activation NN 268 271 and and CC 272 283 replication replication NN 284 286 of of IN 287 292 human human JJ 293 309 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 310 315 virus virus NN 316 320 type type NN 321 322 1 1 CD 323 324 ( ( ( 324 329 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 329 330 ) ) ) 331 333 in in IN 334 339 human human JJ 340 345 cells cell NNS 345 346 . . . 347 353 During during IN 354 366 inflammatory inflammatory JJ 367 376 reactions reaction NNS 376 377 , , , 378 382 many many JJ 383 392 oxidative oxidative JJ 393 400 species specie NNS 401 404 are be VBP 405 413 produced produce VBN 413 414 , , , 415 418 one one CD 419 421 of of IN 422 427 which which WDT 428 430 is be VBZ 431 443 hypochlorous hypochlorous JJ 444 448 acid acid NN 449 450 ( ( ( 450 454 HOCl HOCl NNP 454 455 ) ) ) 455 456 , , , 457 462 which which WDT 463 465 is be VBZ 466 477 responsible responsible JJ 478 481 for for IN 482 485 the the DT 486 498 microbicidal microbicidal JJ 499 506 effects effect NNS 507 509 of of IN 510 519 activated activate VBN 520 525 human human JJ 526 543 polymorphonuclear polymorphonuclear JJ 544 554 leukocytes leukocyte NNS 554 555 . . . 556 565 Treatment Treatment NNP 566 568 of of IN 569 570 a a DT 571 584 T-lymphocytic t-lymphocytic JJ 585 589 cell cell NN 590 594 line line NN 595 599 with with IN 600 610 micromolar micromolar JJ 611 625 concentrations concentration NNS 626 628 of of IN 629 633 HOCl HOCl NNP 634 642 promoted promote VBD 643 646 the the DT 647 657 appearance appearance NN 658 660 of of IN 661 674 transcription transcription NN 675 681 factor factor NN 682 691 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 692 693 ( ( ( 693 696 the the DT 697 708 heterodimer heterodimer NN 709 716 p50/p65 p50/p65 NN 716 717 ) ) ) 718 720 in in IN 721 724 the the DT 725 732 nucleus nucleus NN 733 735 of of IN 736 739 the the DT 740 745 cells cell NNS 745 746 , , , 747 751 even even RB 752 754 in in IN 755 758 the the DT 759 766 absence absence NN 767 769 of of IN 770 772 de de FW 773 777 novo novo FW 778 785 protein protein NN 786 795 synthesis synthesis NN 795 796 . . . 797 804 Western western NN 805 809 blot blot NN 810 818 analysis analysis NN 819 821 of of IN 822 825 the the DT 826 835 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 836 846 inhibitory inhibitory JJ 847 855 subunits subunit NNS 856 857 ( ( ( 857 864 IkappaB IkappaB NNP 864 865 ) ) ) 866 878 demonstrated demonstrate VBD 879 883 that that IN 884 888 both both CC 889 902 IkappaB-alpha IkappaB-alpha NNP 903 914 proteolysis proteolysis NN 915 918 and and CC 919 923 p105 p105 NN 924 934 processing processing NN 935 939 were be VBD 940 947 induced induce VBN 948 950 by by IN 951 954 the the DT 955 964 treatment treatment NN 964 965 . . . 966 975 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 976 986 activation activation NN 987 990 was be VBD 991 995 very very RB 996 1005 effective effective JJ 1006 1010 when when WRB 1011 1016 cells cell NNS 1017 1021 were be VBD 1022 1031 subjected subject VBN 1032 1034 to to TO 1035 1047 hyperthermia hyperthermia NN 1048 1054 before before IN 1055 1060 being be VBG 1061 1068 treated treat VBN 1069 1073 with with IN 1074 1078 HOCl HOCl NNP 1078 1079 . . . 1080 1087 Various various JJ 1088 1100 antioxidants antioxidant NNS 1100 1101 , , , 1102 1106 such such JJ 1107 1109 as as IN 1110 1121 pyrrolidine pyrrolidine NN 1122 1137 dithiocarbamate dithiocarbamate NN 1137 1138 , , , 1139 1162 p-bromophenacyl-bromide p-bromophenacyl-bromide NN 1163 1166 and and CC 1167 1187 nordihydroguaiaretic nordihydroguaiaretic JJ 1188 1192 acid acid NN 1193 1198 could could MD 1199 1207 strongly strongly RB 1208 1214 reduce reduce VB 1215 1224 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1225 1238 translocation translocation NN 1238 1239 , , , 1240 1253 demonstrating demonstrate VBG 1254 1257 the the DT 1258 1268 importance importance NN 1269 1271 of of IN 1272 1281 oxidative oxidative JJ 1282 1289 species specie NNS 1290 1292 in in IN 1293 1296 the the DT 1297 1309 transduction transduction NN 1310 1319 mechanism mechanism NN 1319 1320 . . . 1321 1329 Moreover moreover RB 1329 1330 , , , 1331 1336 ACH-2 ach-2 NN 1337 1342 cells cell NNS 1343 1350 treated treat VBN 1351 1355 with with IN 1356 1360 HOCl HOCl NNP 1361 1363 or or CC 1364 1368 H2O2 H2O2 NNP 1369 1377 released release VBD 1378 1384 tumour tumour NN 1385 1393 necrosis necrosis NN 1394 1406 factor-alpha factor-alpha NN 1407 1408 ( ( ( 1408 1417 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1417 1418 ) ) ) 1419 1421 in in IN 1422 1425 the the DT 1426 1438 supernatants supernatant NNS 1438 1439 . . . 1440 1443 The the DT 1444 1454 importance importance NN 1455 1457 of of IN 1458 1467 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1468 1475 release release NN 1476 1478 in in IN 1479 1488 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1489 1498 induction induction NN 1499 1501 by by IN 1502 1506 HOCl HOCl NNP 1507 1509 or or CC 1510 1514 H2O2 H2O2 NNP 1515 1518 was be VBD 1519 1531 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 1532 1534 by by IN 1535 1538 the the DT 1539 1543 fact fact NN 1544 1548 that that IN 1548 1549 : : : 1550 1551 ( ( ( 1551 1552 1 1 LS 1552 1553 ) ) ) 1554 1557 the the DT 1558 1565 nuclear nuclear JJ 1566 1576 appearance appearance NN 1577 1579 of of IN 1580 1589 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1590 1593 was be VBD 1594 1602 promoted promote VBN 1603 1605 in in IN 1606 1615 untreated untreated JJ 1616 1621 cells cell NNS 1621 1622 ; ; : 1623 1626 and and CC 1627 1628 ( ( ( 1628 1629 2 2 LS 1629 1630 ) ) ) 1631 1640 synergism synergism NN 1641 1648 between between IN 1649 1658 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1659 1662 and and CC 1663 1667 HOCl HOCl NNP 1668 1671 was be VBD 1672 1680 detected detect VBN 1680 1681 . . . 1682 1694 Collectively collectively RB 1694 1695 , , , 1696 1701 these these DT 1702 1709 results result NNS 1710 1717 suggest suggest VBP 1718 1722 that that IN 1723 1727 HOCl HOCl NNP 1728 1734 should should MD 1735 1737 be be VB 1738 1748 considered consider VBN 1749 1751 as as IN 1752 1754 an an DT 1755 1764 oxidative oxidative JJ 1765 1772 species specie NNS 1773 1780 capable capable JJ 1781 1783 of of IN 1784 1792 inducing induce VBG 1793 1802 NF-kappaB nf-kappab NN 1803 1805 in in IN 1806 1807 a a DT 1808 1821 T-lymphocytic t-lymphocytic JJ 1822 1826 cell cell NN 1827 1831 line line NN 1832 1839 through through IN 1840 1841 a a DT 1842 1854 transduction transduction NN 1855 1864 mechanism mechanism NN 1865 1874 involving involve VBG 1875 1878 ROS ros NNS 1878 1879 , , , 1880 1883 and and CC 1884 1890 having have VBG 1891 1892 a a DT 1893 1906 long-distance long-distance JJ 1907 1913 effect effect NN 1914 1921 through through IN 1922 1932 subsequent subsequent JJ 1933 1942 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1943 1950 release release NN 1950 1951 . . .