0 10 Xenogeneic xenogeneic JJ 11 16 human human JJ 17 22 serum serum NN 23 31 promotes promote VBZ 32 41 leukocyte leukocyte NN 42 50 adhesion adhesion NN 51 53 to to TO 54 61 porcine porcine JJ 62 73 endothelium endothelium NN 74 79 under under IN 80 84 flow flow NN 85 95 conditions condition NNS 95 96 , , , 97 105 possibly possibly RB 106 113 through through IN 114 117 the the DT 118 128 activation activation NN 129 131 of of IN 132 135 the the DT 136 149 transcription transcription NN 150 156 factor factor NN 157 165 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 166 168 B. B. NNP 170 181 Endothelial endothelial JJ 182 186 cell cell NN 187 197 activation activation NN 198 201 and and CC 202 211 leukocyte leukocyte NN 212 224 infiltration infiltration NN 225 228 are be VBP 229 230 a a DT 231 241 consistent consistent JJ 242 249 feature feature NN 250 252 of of IN 253 263 discordant discordant JJ 264 273 xenograft xenograft NN 274 283 rejection rejection NN 283 284 . . . 285 289 Here here RB 290 292 we we PRP 293 302 evaluated evaluate VBD 303 310 whether whether IN 311 321 xenogeneic xenogeneic JJ 322 327 serum serum NN 327 328 , , , 329 331 as as IN 332 333 a a DT 334 340 source source NN 341 343 of of IN 344 356 xenoreactive xenoreactive JJ 357 364 natural natural JJ 365 375 antibodies antibody NNS 376 379 and and CC 380 390 complement complement NN 390 391 , , , 392 399 induced induce VBD 400 411 endothelial endothelial JJ 412 416 cell cell NN 417 427 activation activation NN 428 432 with with IN 433 443 consequent consequent JJ 444 453 leukocyte leukocyte NN 454 462 adhesion adhesion NN 463 468 under under IN 469 473 flow flow NN 474 484 conditions condition NNS 484 485 . . . 486 493 Porcine porcine JJ 494 500 aortic aortic JJ 501 512 endothelial endothelial JJ 513 518 cells cell NNS 519 520 ( ( ( 520 524 PAEC PAEC NNP 524 525 ) ) ) 526 530 were be VBD 531 540 incubated incubate VBN 541 544 for for IN 545 546 1 1 CD 547 549 hr hr NN 550 552 30 30 CD 553 556 min min NN 557 559 or or CC 560 561 5 5 CD 562 564 hr hr NN 565 569 with with IN 570 572 10 10 CD 572 573 % % NN 574 584 homologous homologous JJ 585 592 porcine porcine JJ 593 598 serum serum NN 599 600 ( ( ( 600 607 control control NN 607 608 ) ) ) 609 611 or or CC 612 614 10 10 CD 614 615 % % NN 616 626 xenogeneic xenogeneic JJ 627 632 human human JJ 633 638 serum serum NN 639 642 and and CC 643 647 then then RB 648 656 perfused perfuse VBN 657 661 with with IN 662 667 total total JJ 668 673 human human JJ 674 684 leukocytes leukocyte NNS 685 687 in in IN 688 689 a a DT 690 698 parallel parallel JJ 699 704 plate plate NN 705 709 flow flow NN 710 717 chamber chamber NN 718 723 under under IN 724 731 laminar laminar JJ 732 736 flow flow NN 737 738 ( ( ( 738 741 1.5 1.5 CD 742 751 dynes/cm2 dynes/cm2 NN 751 752 ) ) ) 752 753 . . . 754 762 Adherent adherent JJ 763 768 cells cell NNS 769 773 were be VBD 774 781 counted count VBN 782 784 by by IN 785 792 digital digital JJ 793 798 image image NN 799 807 analysis analysis NN 807 808 . . . 809 819 Xenogeneic xenogeneic JJ 820 825 human human JJ 826 831 serum serum NN 832 845 significantly significantly RB 846 847 ( ( ( 847 848 P p NN 849 850 < < SYM 851 855 0.01 0.01 CD 855 856 ) ) ) 857 866 increased increase VBD 867 870 the the DT 871 877 number number NN 878 880 of of IN 881 889 adherent adherent JJ 890 900 leukocytes leukocyte NNS 901 903 as as IN 904 912 compared compare VBN 913 917 with with IN 918 925 porcine porcine JJ 926 931 serum serum NN 931 932 . . . 933 934 A a DT 935 942 similar similar JJ 943 951 adhesive adhesive JJ 952 960 response response NN 961 964 was be VBD 965 973 elicited elicit VBN 974 976 by by IN 977 980 TNF TNF NNP 981 986 alpha alpha NN 987 988 ( ( ( 988 991 100 100 CD 992 996 U/ml U/ml NNP 996 997 ) ) ) 997 998 , , , 999 1002 one one CD 1003 1005 of of IN 1006 1009 the the DT 1010 1014 most most RBS 1015 1021 potent potent JJ 1022 1030 inducers inducer NNS 1031 1033 of of IN 1034 1045 endothelial endothelial JJ 1046 1050 cell cell NN 1051 1059 adhesive adhesive JJ 1060 1070 properties property NNS 1070 1071 , , , 1072 1076 here here RB 1077 1081 used use VBN 1082 1084 as as IN 1085 1093 positive positive JJ 1094 1101 control control NN 1101 1102 . . . 1103 1105 In in IN 1106 1111 order order NN 1112 1114 to to TO 1115 1124 elucidate elucidate VB 1125 1133 possible possible JJ 1134 1144 mechanisms mechanism NNS 1145 1155 underlying underlie VBG 1156 1167 endothelial endothelial JJ 1168 1172 cell cell NN 1173 1183 activation activation NN 1184 1186 by by IN 1187 1197 xenogeneic xenogeneic JJ 1198 1203 serum serum NN 1203 1204 , , , 1205 1207 we we PRP 1208 1216 focussed focusse VBD 1217 1219 on on IN 1220 1233 transcription transcription NN 1234 1240 factor factor NN 1241 1249 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1250 1251 B B NNP 1251 1252 , , , 1253 1254 a a DT 1255 1262 central central JJ 1263 1272 regulator regulator NN 1273 1276 for for IN 1277 1280 the the DT 1281 1290 induction induction NN 1291 1293 of of IN 1294 1303 different different JJ 1304 1309 genes gene NNS 1309 1310 , , , 1311 1320 including include VBG 1321 1329 adhesive adhesive JJ 1330 1339 molecules molecule NNS 1340 1343 and and CC 1344 1360 chemoattractants chemoattractant NNS 1360 1361 . . . 1362 1364 By by IN 1365 1373 confocal confocal JJ 1374 1386 fluorescence fluorescence NN 1387 1397 microscopy microscopy NN 1397 1398 , , , 1399 1401 we we PRP 1402 1410 observed observe VBD 1411 1412 a a DT 1413 1421 positive positive JJ 1422 1430 staining staining NN 1431 1434 for for IN 1435 1443 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1444 1445 B B NNP 1446 1447 ( ( ( 1447 1450 p65 p65 NN 1451 1458 subunit subunit NN 1458 1459 ) ) ) 1460 1462 in in IN 1463 1466 the the DT 1467 1473 nuclei nucleus NNS 1474 1476 of of IN 1477 1481 PAEC PAEC NNP 1482 1489 exposed expose VBN 1490 1493 for for IN 1494 1495 1 1 CD 1496 1498 hr hr NN 1499 1501 30 30 CD 1502 1505 min min NN 1506 1508 to to TO 1509 1514 human human JJ 1515 1520 serum serum NN 1520 1521 , , , 1522 1527 which which WDT 1528 1537 indicated indicate VBD 1538 1546 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1547 1548 B B NNP 1549 1559 activation activation NN 1560 1562 in in IN 1563 1567 this this DT 1568 1575 setting setting NN 1575 1576 . . . 1577 1579 At at IN 1580 1588 variance variance NN 1588 1589 , , , 1590 1592 in in IN 1593 1597 PAEC PAEC NNP 1598 1607 incubated incubate VBN 1608 1612 with with IN 1613 1616 the the DT 1617 1627 homologous homologous JJ 1628 1633 serum serum NN 1633 1634 , , , 1635 1643 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1644 1645 B B NNP 1646 1649 was be VBD 1650 1658 strictly strictly RB 1659 1668 localized localize VBN 1669 1671 in in IN 1672 1675 the the DT 1676 1680 cell cell NN 1681 1690 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN 1690 1691 . . . 1692 1701 Treatment Treatment NNP 1702 1704 of of IN 1705 1709 PAEC PAEC NNP 1710 1717 exposed expose VBN 1718 1720 to to TO 1721 1731 xenogeneic xenogeneic JJ 1732 1737 serum serum NN 1738 1742 with with IN 1743 1746 the the DT 1747 1755 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1756 1757 B B NNP 1758 1768 inhibitors inhibitor NNS 1769 1795 pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate NN 1796 1797 ( ( ( 1797 1801 PDTC PDTC NNP 1801 1802 , , , 1803 1805 25 25 CD 1806 1812 microM microm NN 1812 1813 ) ) ) 1814 1817 and and CC 1818 1845 tosyl-phechloromethylketone tosyl-phechloromethylketone NN 1846 1847 ( ( ( 1847 1851 TPCK TPCK NNP 1851 1852 , , , 1853 1855 25 25 CD 1856 1862 microM microM NNP 1862 1863 ) ) ) 1864 1877 significantly significantly RB 1878 1879 ( ( ( 1879 1880 P p NN 1881 1882 < < SYM 1883 1887 0.01 0.01 CD 1887 1888 ) ) ) 1889 1896 reduced reduce VBD 1897 1906 leukocyte leukocyte NN 1907 1915 adhesion adhesion NN 1916 1918 in in IN 1919 1926 respect respect NN 1927 1929 to to TO 1930 1934 PAEC PAEC NNP 1935 1942 treated treat VBN 1943 1947 with with IN 1948 1953 human human JJ 1954 1959 serum serum NN 1960 1965 alone alone RB 1965 1966 . . . 1967 1975 Findings finding NNS 1976 1980 that that IN 1981 1991 xenogeneic xenogeneic JJ 1992 1997 serum serum NN 1998 2006 promotes promote VBZ 2007 2028 leukocyte-endothelium leukocyte-endothelium NN 2029 2040 interaction interaction NN 2041 2049 possibly possibly RB 2050 2057 through through IN 2058 2066 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 2067 2068 B B NNP 2069 2079 activation activation NN 2080 2085 might might MD 2086 2088 be be VB 2089 2097 relevant relevant JJ 2098 2101 for for IN 2102 2111 designing design VBG 2112 2118 future future JJ 2119 2130 therapeutic therapeutic JJ 2131 2141 strategies strategy NNS 2142 2147 aimed aim VBN 2148 2150 at at IN 2151 2161 prolonging prolong VBG 2162 2171 xenograft xenograft NN 2172 2180 survival survival NN 2180 2181 . . .