0	11	Monoallelic	monoallelic	JJ
12	22	expression	expression	NN
23	25	of	of	IN
26	30	Pax5	Pax5	NNP
30	31	:	:	:
32	33	a	a	DT
34	42	paradigm	paradigm	NN
43	46	for	for	IN
47	50	the	the	DT
51	69	haploinsufficiency	haploinsufficiency	NN
70	72	of	of	IN
73	82	mammalian	mammalian	JJ
83	86	Pax	Pax	NNP
87	92	genes	gene	NNS
92	93	?	?	.

95	97	It	it	PRP
98	100	is	be	VBZ
101	110	generally	generally	RB
111	118	assumed	assume	VBN
119	123	that	that	IN
124	128	most	most	JJS
129	138	mammalian	mammalian	JJ
139	144	genes	gene	NNS
145	148	are	be	VBP
149	160	transcribed	transcribe	VBN
161	165	from	from	IN
166	170	both	both	DT
171	178	alleles	allele	NNS
178	179	.	.	.

180	185	Hence	hence	RB
185	186	,	,	,
187	190	the	the	DT
191	198	diploid	diploid	JJ
199	204	state	state	NN
205	207	of	of	IN
208	211	the	the	DT
212	218	genome	genome	NN
219	225	offers	offer	VBZ
226	229	the	the	DT
230	239	advantage	advantage	NN
240	244	that	that	IN
245	246	a	a	DT
247	263	loss-of-function	loss-of-function	JJ
264	272	mutation	mutation	NN
273	275	in	in	IN
276	279	one	one	CD
280	286	allele	allele	NN
287	290	can	can	MD
291	293	be	be	VB
294	305	compensated	compensate	VBN
306	309	for	for	IN
310	312	by	by	IN
313	316	the	the	DT
317	326	remaining	remain	VBG
327	336	wild-type	wild-type	JJ
337	343	allele	allele	NN
344	346	of	of	IN
347	350	the	the	DT
351	355	same	same	JJ
356	360	gene	gene	NN
360	361	.	.	.

362	368	Indeed	indeed	RB
368	369	,	,	,
370	373	the	the	DT
374	378	vast	vast	JJ
379	387	majority	majority	NN
388	390	of	of	IN
391	396	human	human	JJ
397	404	disease	disease	NN
405	414	syndromes	syndrome	NNS
415	418	and	and	CC
419	429	engineered	engineer	VBN
430	439	mutations	mutation	NNS
440	442	in	in	IN
443	446	the	the	DT
447	452	mouse	mouse	NN
453	459	genome	genome	NN
460	463	are	be	VBP
464	473	recessive	recessive	JJ
473	474	,	,	,
475	485	indicating	indicate	VBG
486	490	that	that	IN
491	504	recessiveness	recessiveness	NN
505	507	is	be	VBZ
508	511	the	the	DT
512	513	‘	`	``
513	520	default	default	NN
520	521	’	'	''
522	527	state	state	NN
527	528	.	.	.

529	536	However	however	RB
536	537	,	,	,
538	539	a	a	DT
540	548	minority	minority	NN
549	551	of	of	IN
552	557	genes	gene	NNS
558	561	are	be	VBP
562	575	semi-dominant	semi-dominant	JJ
575	576	,	,	,
577	579	as	as	IN
580	592	heterozygous	heterozygous	JJ
593	609	loss-of-function	loss-of-function	JJ
610	618	mutation	mutation	NN
619	621	in	in	IN
622	627	these	these	DT
628	633	genes	gene	NNS
634	639	leads	lead	VBZ
640	642	to	to	TO
643	653	phenotypic	phenotypic	JJ
654	667	abnormalities	abnormality	NNS
667	668	.	.	.

669	673	This	this	DT
674	683	condition	condition	NN
683	684	,	,	,
685	690	known	know	VBN
691	693	as	as	IN
694	712	haploinsufficiency	haploinsufficiency	NN
712	713	,	,	,
714	717	has	have	VBZ
718	722	been	be	VBN
723	732	described	describe	VBN
733	736	for	for	IN
737	741	five	five	CD
742	744	of	of	IN
745	748	the	the	DT
749	753	nine	nine	CD
754	763	mammalian	mammalian	JJ
764	767	Pax	Pax	NNP
768	773	genes	gene	NNS
773	774	,	,	,
775	780	which	which	WDT
781	784	are	be	VBP
785	795	associated	associate	VBN
796	800	with	with	IN
801	806	mouse	mouse	NN
807	820	developmental	developmental	JJ
821	828	mutants	mutant	NNS
829	832	and	and	CC
833	838	human	human	JJ
839	846	disease	disease	NN
847	856	syndromes	syndrome	NNS
856	857	.	.	.

858	866	Recently	recently	RB
867	869	we	we	PRP
870	874	have	have	VBP
875	883	reported	report	VBN
884	888	that	that	IN
889	892	the	the	DT
893	897	Pax5	Pax5	NNP
898	902	gene	gene	NN
903	905	is	be	VBZ
906	913	subject	subject	JJ
914	916	to	to	TO
917	932	allele-specific	allele-specific	JJ
933	943	regulation	regulation	NN
944	950	during	during	IN
951	952	B	B	NNP
953	957	cell	cell	NN
958	969	development	development	NN
969	970	.	.	.

971	975	Pax5	Pax5	NNP
976	978	is	be	VBZ
979	992	predominantly	predominantly	RB
993	1004	transcribed	transcribe	VBN
1005	1009	from	from	IN
1010	1014	only	only	RB
1015	1018	one	one	CD
1019	1021	of	of	IN
1022	1025	its	its	PRP$
1026	1029	two	two	CD
1030	1037	alleles	allele	NNS
1038	1040	in	in	IN
1041	1046	early	early	JJ
1047	1057	B-lymphoid	b-lymphoid	JJ
1058	1069	progenitors	progenitor	NNS
1070	1073	and	and	CC
1074	1080	mature	mature	JJ
1081	1082	B	B	NNP
1083	1088	cells	cell	NNS
1088	1089	,	,	,
1090	1095	while	while	IN
1096	1098	it	it	PRP
1099	1110	transiently	transiently	RB
1111	1119	switches	switch	VBZ
1120	1122	to	to	TO
1123	1124	a	a	DT
1125	1134	biallelic	biallelic	JJ
1135	1139	mode	mode	NN
1140	1142	of	of	IN
1143	1156	transcription	transcription	NN
1157	1159	in	in	IN
1160	1165	pre-B	pre-b	JJ
1166	1169	and	and	CC
1170	1178	immature	immature	JJ
1179	1180	B	B	NNP
1181	1186	cells	cell	NNS
1186	1187	.	.	.

1188	1190	As	as	IN
1191	1192	a	a	DT
1193	1204	consequence	consequence	NN
1204	1205	,	,	,
1206	1216	B-lymphoid	b-lymphoid	JJ
1217	1224	tissues	tissue	NNS
1225	1228	are	be	VBP
1229	1235	mosaic	mosaic	JJ
1236	1240	with	with	IN
1241	1247	regard	regard	NN
1248	1250	to	to	TO
1251	1254	the	the	DT
1255	1266	transcribed	transcribe	VBN
1267	1273	allele	allele	NN
1273	1274	,	,	,
1275	1278	and	and	CC
1279	1291	heterozygous	heterozygous	JJ
1292	1300	mutation	mutation	NN
1301	1303	of	of	IN
1304	1308	Pax5	Pax5	NNP
1309	1318	therefore	therefore	RB
1319	1326	results	result	VBZ
1327	1329	in	in	IN
1330	1338	deletion	deletion	NN
1339	1341	of	of	IN
1342	1343	B	B	NNP
1344	1355	lymphocytes	lymphocyte	NNS
1356	1366	expressing	express	VBG
1367	1371	only	only	RB
1372	1375	the	the	DT
1376	1382	mutant	mutant	JJ
1383	1389	allele	allele	NN
1389	1390	.	.	.

1391	1394	The	the	DT
1395	1410	allele-specific	allele-specific	JJ
1411	1421	regulation	regulation	NN
1422	1424	of	of	IN
1425	1429	Pax5	Pax5	NNP
1430	1436	raises	raise	VBZ
1437	1440	the	the	DT
1441	1451	intriguing	intriguing	JJ
1452	1463	possibility	possibility	NN
1464	1468	that	that	IN
1469	1480	monoallelic	monoallelic	JJ
1481	1491	expression	expression	NN
1492	1495	may	may	MD
1496	1500	also	also	RB
1501	1503	be	be	VB
1504	1507	the	the	DT
1508	1517	mechanism	mechanism	NN
1518	1525	causing	cause	VBG
1526	1529	the	the	DT
1530	1548	haploinsufficiency	haploinsufficiency	NN
1549	1551	of	of	IN
1552	1557	other	other	JJ
1558	1561	Pax	Pax	NNP
1562	1567	genes	gene	NNS
1567	1568	.	.	.

1569	1571	In	in	IN
1572	1576	this	this	DT
1577	1583	review	review	NN
1583	1584	,	,	,
1585	1587	we	we	PRP
1588	1595	discuss	discuss	VBP
1596	1605	different	different	JJ
1606	1612	models	model	NNS
1613	1623	accounting	account	VBG
1624	1627	for	for	IN
1628	1631	the	the	DT
1632	1650	haploinsufficiency	haploinsufficiency	NN
1651	1653	of	of	IN
1654	1663	mammalian	mammalian	JJ
1664	1667	Pax	Pax	NNP
1668	1673	genes	gene	NNS
1673	1674	,	,	,
1675	1682	provide	provide	VBP
1683	1690	further	further	JJ
1691	1699	evidence	evidence	NN
1700	1702	in	in	IN
1703	1710	support	support	NN
1711	1713	of	of	IN
1714	1717	the	the	DT
1718	1733	allele-specific	allele-specific	JJ
1734	1744	regulation	regulation	NN
1745	1747	of	of	IN
1748	1752	Pax5	Pax5	NNP
1753	1756	and	and	CC
1757	1764	discuss	discuss	VBP
1765	1768	the	the	DT
1769	1780	implication	implication	NN
1781	1783	of	of	IN
1784	1789	these	these	DT
1790	1798	findings	finding	NNS
1799	1801	in	in	IN
1802	1805	the	the	DT
1806	1813	context	context	NN
1814	1816	of	of	IN
1817	1820	the	the	DT
1821	1827	recent	recent	JJ
1828	1838	literature	literature	NN
1839	1849	describing	describe	VBG
1850	1853	the	the	DT
1854	1864	stochastic	stochastic	JJ
1865	1868	and	and	CC
1869	1880	monoallelic	monoallelic	JJ
1881	1891	activation	activation	NN
1892	1894	of	of	IN
1895	1900	other	other	JJ
1901	1914	hematopoietic	hematopoietic	JJ
1915	1920	genes	gene	NNS
1920	1921	.	.	.