0 10 Comparison comparison NN 11 13 of of IN 14 22 retinoic retinoic JJ 23 27 acid acid NN 28 31 and and CC 32 39 phorbol phorbol NN 40 49 myristate myristate NN 50 57 acetate acetate NN 58 60 as as IN 61 69 inducers inducer NNS 70 72 of of IN 73 82 monocytic monocytic JJ 83 98 differentiation differentiation NN 98 99 . . . 101 108 Several several JJ 109 114 human human JJ 115 122 myeloid myeloid JJ 123 131 leukemia leukemia NN 132 136 cell cell NN 137 142 lines line NNS 143 150 growing grow VBG 151 153 in in FW 154 159 vitro vitro FW 160 163 can can MD 164 166 be be VB 167 174 induced induce VBN 175 177 to to TO 178 191 differentiate differentiate VB 192 194 to to TO 195 199 more more RBR 200 206 mature mature JJ 207 231 monocyte/macrophage-like monocyte/macrophage-like JJ 232 237 cells cell NNS 238 240 by by IN 241 250 treatment treatment NN 251 255 with with IN 256 263 protein protein NN 264 270 kinase kinase NNP 271 283 C-activating c-activating JJ 284 291 phorbol phorbol NN 292 298 esters ester NNS 298 299 , , , 300 304 such such JJ 305 307 as as IN 308 311 PMA PMA NNP 311 312 . . . 313 315 In in IN 316 324 addition addition NN 325 327 to to TO 328 331 PMA PMA NNP 331 332 , , , 333 338 cells cell NNS 339 341 of of IN 342 345 the the DT 346 351 THP-1 thp-1 NN 352 359 myeloid myeloid JJ 360 368 leukemia leukemia NN 369 373 cell cell NN 374 378 line line NN 379 386 acquire acquire VBP 387 402 macrophage-like macrophage-like JJ 403 418 characteristics characteristic NNS 419 424 after after IN 425 434 treatment treatment NN 435 439 with with IN 440 449 all-trans all-trans JJ 450 458 retinoic retinoic JJ 459 463 acid acid NN 464 465 ( ( ( 465 467 RA RA NNP 467 468 ) ) ) 468 469 . . . 470 472 To to TO 473 480 analyze analyze VB 481 484 the the DT 485 491 signal signal NN 492 504 transduction transduction NN 505 515 mechanisms mechanism NNS 516 523 induced induce VBN 524 526 by by IN 527 529 RA RA NNP 529 530 , , , 531 533 we we PRP 534 539 first first RB 540 548 compared compare VBD 549 552 the the DT 553 560 effects effect NNS 561 563 of of IN 564 567 PMA PMA NNP 568 571 and and CC 572 574 RA RA NNP 575 577 on on IN 578 581 the the DT 582 592 expression expression NN 593 595 of of IN 596 601 genes gene NNS 602 607 which which WDT 608 611 are be VBP 612 617 known know VBN 618 620 to to TO 621 623 be be VB 624 633 regulated regulate VBN 634 640 during during IN 641 650 monocytic monocytic JJ 651 666 differentiation differentiation NN 666 667 . . . 668 672 Both both CC 673 675 RA RA NNP 676 679 and and CC 680 683 PMA PMA NNP 684 695 effectively effectively RB 696 710 down-regulated down-regulate VBD 711 716 c-myc c-myc NN 717 727 expression expression NN 727 728 , , , 729 734 while while IN 735 740 c-myb c-myb NN 741 751 expression expression NN 752 761 decreased decrease VBD 762 766 only only RB 767 772 after after IN 773 776 PMA PMA NNP 777 786 treatment treatment NN 786 787 . . . 788 798 Expression expression NN 799 801 of of IN 802 805 the the DT 806 810 beta beta NN 811 821 2-integrin 2-integrin NN 822 827 genes gene NNS 827 828 , , , 829 834 CD11a CD11a NNP 835 838 and and CC 839 844 CD11b CD11b NNP 844 845 , , , 846 849 was be VBD 850 857 clearly clearly RB 858 867 increased increase VBN 868 873 after after IN 874 878 both both DT 879 881 of of IN 882 887 these these DT 888 898 treatments treatment NNS 898 899 . . . 900 905 Their their PRP$ 906 913 effects effect NNS 914 916 on on IN 917 920 the the DT 921 931 src-family src-family NN 932 940 tyrosine tyrosine NN 941 947 kinase kinase NNP 948 953 genes gene NNS 954 958 were be VBD 959 968 different different JJ 968 969 : : : 970 973 hck hck NN 974 984 expression expression NN 985 988 was be VBD 989 998 similarly similarly RB 999 1006 induced induce VBN 1007 1009 by by IN 1010 1015 these these DT 1016 1022 agents agent NNS 1023 1026 but but CC 1027 1030 lyn lyn NN 1031 1041 expression expression NN 1042 1045 was be VBD 1046 1054 stronger strong JJR 1055 1058 and and CC 1059 1063 more more RBR 1064 1069 rapid rapid JJ 1070 1075 after after IN 1076 1078 RA RA NNP 1079 1088 treatment treatment NN 1088 1089 . . . 1090 1092 RA RA NNP 1093 1097 also also RB 1098 1106 enhanced enhance VBD 1107 1110 lyn lyn NN 1111 1115 mRNA mrna NN 1116 1126 production production NN 1127 1134 rapidly rapidly RB 1135 1137 in in IN 1138 1143 HL-60 HL-60 NNP 1143 1144 , , , 1145 1155 indicating indicate VBG 1156 1160 that that IN 1161 1164 the the DT 1165 1175 activation activation NN 1176 1178 of of IN 1179 1182 lyn lyn NN 1183 1187 gene gene NN 1188 1198 expression expression NN 1199 1201 is be VBZ 1202 1208 common common JJ 1209 1211 in in IN 1212 1221 monocytic monocytic JJ 1222 1225 and and CC 1226 1238 granulocytic granulocytic JJ 1239 1249 maturation maturation NN 1250 1252 of of IN 1253 1260 myeloid myeloid JJ 1261 1269 leukemia leukemia NN 1270 1275 cells cell NNS 1275 1276 . . . 1277 1279 To to TO 1280 1287 examine examine VB 1288 1295 whether whether IN 1296 1299 the the DT 1300 1304 AP-1 ap-1 NN 1305 1313 enhancer enhancer NN 1314 1322 activity activity NN 1323 1325 is be VBZ 1326 1334 involved involve VBN 1335 1337 in in IN 1338 1348 RA-induced ra-induced JJ 1349 1358 monocytic monocytic JJ 1359 1374 differentiation differentiation NN 1374 1375 , , , 1376 1381 THP-1 thp-1 NN 1382 1387 cells cell NNS 1388 1392 were be VBD 1393 1404 transiently transiently RB 1405 1416 transfected transfecte VBN 1417 1421 with with IN 1422 1423 a a DT 1424 1439 chloramphenicol chloramphenicol NN 1440 1446 acetyl acetyl NN 1447 1458 transferase transferase NN 1459 1460 ( ( ( 1460 1473 CAT)-reporter CAT)-reporter NNP 1474 1478 gene gene NN 1479 1489 containing contain VBG 1490 1491 5 5 CD 1492 1498 copies copy NNS 1499 1501 of of IN 1502 1505 the the DT 1506 1510 AP-1 ap-1 NN 1511 1518 binding binding NN 1519 1524 sites site NNS 1524 1525 . . . 1526 1528 In in IN 1529 1537 contrast contrast NN 1538 1540 to to TO 1541 1544 PMA PMA NNP 1544 1545 , , , 1546 1548 RA RA NNP 1549 1552 did do VBD 1553 1556 not not RB 1557 1563 induce induce VB 1564 1567 any any DT 1568 1571 CAT CAT NNP 1572 1580 activity activity NN 1581 1583 in in IN 1584 1589 these these DT 1590 1595 cells cell NNS 1595 1596 , , , 1597 1601 thus thus RB 1602 1612 suggesting suggest VBG 1613 1617 that that IN 1618 1621 the the DT 1622 1632 RA-induced ra-induced JJ 1633 1640 changes change NNS 1641 1643 in in IN 1644 1647 the the DT 1648 1658 expression expression NN 1659 1661 of of IN 1662 1667 those those DT 1668 1673 genes gene NNS 1674 1683 described describe VBN 1684 1689 above above IN 1690 1694 were be VBD 1695 1698 not not RB 1699 1708 dependent dependent JJ 1709 1711 on on IN 1712 1715 the the DT 1716 1720 AP-1 ap-1 NN 1721 1729 enhancer enhancer NN 1730 1738 activity activity NN 1738 1739 . . .