0 15 Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus NNP 16 25 modulates modulate VBZ 26 39 interleukin-6 interleukin-6 NN 40 44 gene gene NN 45 55 expression expression NN 55 56 . . . 58 71 Complications complication NNS 72 77 after after IN 78 82 lung lung NN 83 98 transplantation transplantation NN 99 106 include include VBP 107 110 the the DT 111 122 development development NN 123 125 of of IN 126 135 rejection rejection NN 136 139 and and CC 140 142 an an DT 143 152 increased increase VBN 153 162 incidence incidence NN 163 165 of of IN 166 175 infection infection NN 175 176 , , , 177 189 particularly particularly RB 190 194 with with IN 195 210 cytomegalovirus cytomegalovirus NN 211 212 ( ( ( 212 215 CMV CMV NNP 215 216 ) ) ) 216 217 . . . 218 225 Several several JJ 226 232 recent recent JJ 233 240 studies study NNS 241 245 have have VBP 246 255 suggested suggest VBN 256 260 that that IN 261 272 interleukin interleukin NN 273 274 ( ( ( 274 279 IL)-6 IL)-6 NNP 280 283 may may MD 284 286 be be VB 287 291 used use VBN 292 294 to to TO 295 301 detect detect VB 302 306 both both CC 307 316 infection infection NN 317 320 and and CC 321 330 rejection rejection NN 331 336 after after IN 337 341 lung lung NN 342 357 transplantation transplantation NN 357 358 . . . 359 361 In in IN 362 370 addition addition NN 370 371 , , , 372 376 IL-6 IL-6 NNP 377 380 may may MD 381 385 play play VB 386 387 a a DT 388 392 role role NN 393 395 in in IN 396 399 the the DT 400 411 development development NN 412 414 of of IN 415 428 bronchiolitis bronchiolitis NN 429 439 obliterans obliteran NNS 440 445 after after IN 446 461 transplantation transplantation NN 461 462 . . . 463 470 Because because IN 471 474 CMV CMV NNP 475 477 is be VBZ 478 482 also also RB 483 493 associated associate VBN 494 498 with with IN 499 502 the the DT 503 514 development development NN 515 517 of of IN 518 531 bronchiolitis bronchiolitis NN 532 542 obliterans obliteran NNS 543 548 after after IN 549 564 transplantation transplantation NN 564 565 , , , 566 568 we we PRP 569 579 determined determine VBD 580 587 whether whether IN 588 591 CMV CMV NNP 592 599 induces induce VBZ 600 604 IL-6 IL-6 NNP 605 609 gene gene NN 610 620 expression expression NN 620 621 . . . 622 624 We we PRP 625 637 demonstrated demonstrate VBD 638 642 that that IN 643 646 CMV CMV NNP 647 656 infection infection NN 657 666 increased increase VBD 667 671 both both CC 672 676 IL-6 il-6 NN 677 684 protein protein NN 685 688 and and CC 689 693 mRNA mrna NN 694 696 in in IN 697 707 peripheral peripheral JJ 708 713 blood blood NN 714 725 mononuclear mononuclear JJ 726 731 cells cell NNS 731 732 . . . 733 735 We we PRP 736 740 also also RB 741 753 demonstrated demonstrate VBD 754 758 that that IN 759 762 the the DT 763 766 CMV CMV NNP 767 776 immediate immediate JJ 777 782 early early JJ 783 784 1 1 CD 785 789 gene gene NN 790 797 product product NN 798 807 increased increase VBD 808 818 expression expression NN 819 821 of of IN 822 825 the the DT 826 830 IL-6 il-6 NN 831 839 promoter promoter NN 839 840 . . . 841 845 This this DT 846 852 effect effect NN 853 855 of of IN 856 859 the the DT 860 863 CMV CMV NNP 864 873 immediate immediate JJ 874 879 early early JJ 880 881 1 1 CD 882 886 gene gene NN 887 894 product product NN 895 898 was be VBD 899 908 dependent dependent JJ 909 913 upon upon IN 914 917 the the DT 918 926 presence presence NN 927 929 of of IN 930 938 specific specific JJ 939 952 transcription transcription NN 953 959 factor factor NN 960 967 binding binding NN 968 973 sites site NNS 974 976 in in IN 977 980 the the DT 981 985 IL-6 il-6 NN 986 994 promoter promoter NN 994 995 . . . 996 1001 These these DT 1002 1009 studies study NNS 1010 1021 demonstrate demonstrate VBP 1022 1026 that that IN 1027 1030 CMV CMV NNP 1031 1034 may may MD 1035 1037 be be VB 1038 1040 an an DT 1041 1050 important important JJ 1051 1059 cofactor cofactor NN 1060 1062 in in IN 1063 1066 the the DT 1067 1078 development development NN 1079 1081 of of IN 1082 1091 rejection rejection NN 1092 1095 and and CC 1096 1105 infection infection NN 1106 1111 after after IN 1112 1127 transplantation transplantation NN 1128 1135 through through IN 1136 1139 its its PRP$ 1140 1147 effects effect NNS 1148 1150 on on IN 1151 1155 IL-6 IL-6 NNP 1155 1156 . . .