0 10 Inhibition Inhibition NNP 11 13 of of IN 14 28 IL-4-inducible il-4-inducible JJ 29 33 gene gene NN 34 44 expression expression NN 45 47 in in IN 48 53 human human JJ 54 63 monocytes monocyte NNS 64 66 by by IN 67 71 type type NN 72 73 I i CD 74 77 and and CC 78 82 type type NN 83 85 II ii CD 86 97 interferons interferon NNS 97 98 . . . 100 103 The the DT 104 112 Th2-type th2-type JJ 113 122 cytokines cytokine NNS 122 123 , , , 124 137 interleukin-4 interleukin-4 NN 138 139 ( ( ( 139 143 IL-4 il-4 NN 143 144 ) ) ) 145 148 and and CC 149 163 interleukin-13 interleukin-13 NN 164 165 ( ( ( 165 170 IL-13 il-13 NN 170 171 ) ) ) 171 172 , , , 173 179 induce induce VBP 180 190 expression expression NN 191 193 of of IN 194 195 a a DT 196 204 distinct distinct JJ 205 211 subset subset NN 212 214 of of IN 215 220 genes gene NNS 221 223 in in IN 224 229 human human JJ 230 239 monocytes monocyte NNS 239 240 , , , 241 250 including include VBG 251 264 FcepsilonRIIb FcepsilonRIIb NNP 265 266 ( ( ( 266 270 CD23 CD23 NNP 270 271 ) ) ) 271 272 , , , 273 288 15-lipoxygenase 15-lipoxygenase NNP 288 289 , , , 290 294 IL-1 il-1 NN 295 303 receptor receptor NN 304 314 antagonist antagonist NN 315 316 ( ( ( 316 322 IL-1ra IL-1ra NNP 322 323 ) ) ) 323 324 , , , 325 328 and and CC 329 333 type type NN 334 335 I i CD 336 339 and and CC 340 344 type type NN 345 347 II ii CD 348 352 IL-1 IL-1 NNP 353 362 receptors receptor NNS 363 364 ( ( ( 364 369 IL-1R IL-1R NNP 369 370 ) ) ) 370 371 . . . 372 376 Type type NN 377 378 I i CD 379 390 interferons interferon NNS 391 392 ( ( ( 392 401 IFN-alpha IFN-alpha NNP 402 405 and and CC 406 414 IFN-beta IFN-beta NNP 414 415 ) ) ) 416 419 and and CC 420 424 type type NN 425 427 II ii CD 428 438 interferon interferon NN 439 440 ( ( ( 440 449 IFN-gamma IFN-gamma NNP 449 450 ) ) ) 451 458 inhibit inhibit VBP 459 468 induction induction NN 469 471 of of IN 472 477 these these DT 478 483 genes gene NNS 484 486 by by IN 487 491 IL-4 il-4 NN 492 495 and and CC 496 501 IL-13 il-13 NN 501 502 . . . 503 510 However however RB 510 511 , , , 512 515 the the DT 516 525 mechanism mechanism NN 526 528 by by IN 529 534 which which WDT 535 539 IFNs ifn NNS 540 547 mediate mediate VBP 548 552 this this DT 553 563 inhibition inhibition NN 564 567 has have VBZ 568 571 not not RB 572 576 been be VBN 577 584 defined define VBN 584 585 . . . 586 588 In in IN 589 593 this this DT 594 602 overview overview NN 602 603 , , , 604 606 we we PRP 607 614 discuss discuss VBP 615 618 the the DT 619 623 role role NN 624 626 of of IN 627 630 the the DT 631 644 transcription transcription NN 645 651 factor factor NN 651 652 , , , 653 658 STAT6 STAT6 NNP 659 660 ( ( ( 660 666 signal signal NN 667 677 transducer transducer NN 678 681 and and CC 682 691 activator activator NN 692 694 of of IN 695 710 transcription-6 transcription-6 NN 710 711 ) ) ) 712 714 in in IN 715 724 mediating mediate VBG 725 730 IL-4- il-4- NN 731 734 and and CC 735 748 IL-13-induced il-13-induced JJ 749 753 gene gene NN 754 764 expression expression NN 765 767 in in IN 768 777 monocytes monocyte NNS 777 778 . . . 779 781 We we PRP 782 786 also also RB 787 794 discuss discuss VBP 795 798 our our PRP$ 799 805 recent recent JJ 806 814 findings finding NNS 815 819 that that IN 820 824 type type NN 825 826 I i CD 827 830 and and CC 831 835 type type NN 836 838 II ii CD 839 843 IFNs IFN NNP 844 852 suppress suppress VBP 853 873 IL-4/IL-13-inducible il-4/il-13-inducible JJ 874 878 gene gene NN 879 889 expression expression NN 890 892 by by IN 893 903 inhibiting inhibit VBG 904 912 tyrosine tyrosine NN 913 928 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN 929 932 and and CC 933 940 nuclear nuclear JJ 941 954 translocation translocation NN 955 957 of of IN 958 963 STAT6 STAT6 NNP 963 964 . . . 965 968 The the DT 969 976 ability ability NN 977 979 of of IN 980 984 type type NN 985 986 I i CD 987 990 and and CC 991 995 type type NN 996 998 II ii CD 999 1003 IFNs IFN NNP 1004 1006 to to TO 1007 1014 inhibit inhibit VB 1015 1033 IL-4/IL-13-induced il-4/il-13-induced JJ 1034 1039 STAT6 STAT6 NNP 1040 1048 activity activity NN 1049 1051 is be VBZ 1052 1057 dose- dose- NN 1058 1061 and and CC 1062 1076 time-dependent time-dependent JJ 1076 1077 , , , 1078 1081 and and CC 1082 1084 is be VBZ 1085 1088 not not RB 1089 1095 unique unique JJ 1096 1098 to to TO 1099 1108 monocytes monocyte NNS 1109 1116 because because IN 1117 1121 IFNs IFN NNP 1122 1128 induce induce VBP 1129 1132 the the DT 1133 1137 same same JJ 1138 1145 effects effect NNS 1146 1148 in in IN 1149 1160 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS 1160 1161 . . . 1162 1172 Inhibition Inhibition NNP 1173 1175 of of IN 1176 1181 STAT6 STAT6 NNP 1182 1190 activity activity NN 1191 1193 is be VBZ 1194 1197 not not RB 1198 1205 evident evident JJ 1206 1212 unless unless IN 1213 1218 cells cell NNS 1219 1222 are be VBP 1223 1235 preincubated preincubate VBN 1236 1240 with with IN 1241 1244 IFN IFN NNP 1245 1248 for for IN 1249 1251 at at IN 1252 1257 least least JJS 1258 1259 1 1 CD 1260 1261 h h NN 1262 1268 before before IN 1269 1273 IL-4 il-4 NN 1274 1285 stimulation stimulation NN 1285 1286 . . . 1287 1298 Furthermore furthermore RB 1298 1299 , , , 1300 1310 inhibition inhibition NN 1311 1314 can can MD 1315 1317 be be VB 1318 1325 blocked block VBN 1326 1328 by by IN 1329 1340 actinomycin actinomycin NN 1341 1342 D D NNP 1342 1343 , , , 1344 1354 indicating indicate VBG 1355 1356 a a DT 1357 1368 requirement requirement NN 1369 1372 for for IN 1373 1375 de de FW 1376 1380 novo novo FW 1381 1394 transcription transcription NN 1394 1395 . . . 1396 1398 We we PRP 1399 1406 propose propose VBP 1407 1408 a a DT 1409 1414 model model NN 1415 1417 in in IN 1418 1423 which which WDT 1424 1435 stimulation stimulation NN 1436 1438 of of IN 1439 1448 monocytes monocyte NNS 1449 1451 by by IN 1452 1455 IFN IFN NNP 1456 1465 activates activate VBZ 1466 1468 de de FW 1469 1473 novo novo FW 1474 1483 synthesis synthesis NN 1484 1486 of of IN 1487 1489 an an DT 1490 1500 inhibitory inhibitory JJ 1501 1507 factor factor NN 1507 1508 , , , 1509 1517 possibly possibly RB 1518 1521 one one CD 1522 1524 or or CC 1525 1529 more more JJR 1530 1537 members member NNS 1538 1540 of of IN 1541 1544 the the DT 1545 1550 SOCS/ SOCS/ NNP 1551 1558 SSI/CIS SSI/CIS NNP 1559 1563 gene gene NN 1564 1570 family family NN 1570 1571 , , , 1572 1579 capable capable JJ 1580 1582 of of IN 1583 1594 suppressing suppress VBG 1595 1605 activation activation NN 1606 1608 of of IN 1609 1614 STAT6 stat6 NN 1615 1617 by by IN 1618 1622 IL-4 il-4 NN 1623 1626 and and CC 1627 1632 IL-13 il-13 NN 1632 1633 . . . 1634 1641 Because because IN 1642 1647 STAT6 STAT6 NNP 1648 1658 activation activation NN 1659 1664 plays play VBZ 1665 1667 an an DT 1668 1677 essential essential JJ 1678 1682 role role NN 1683 1685 in in IN 1686 1704 IL-4/IL-13-induced il-4/il-13-induced JJ 1705 1709 gene gene NN 1710 1720 expression expression NN 1720 1721 , , , 1722 1725 the the DT 1726 1733 ability ability NN 1734 1736 of of IN 1737 1745 IFN-beta IFN-beta NNP 1746 1749 and and CC 1750 1759 IFN-gamma IFN-gamma NNP 1760 1762 to to TO 1763 1770 inhibit inhibit VB 1771 1776 STAT6 STAT6 NNP 1777 1785 activity activity NN 1786 1794 provides provide VBZ 1795 1797 an an DT 1798 1809 explanation explanation NN 1810 1813 for for IN 1814 1817 how how WRB 1818 1822 IFNs ifn NNS 1823 1826 can can MD 1827 1835 suppress suppress VB 1836 1856 IL-4/IL-13-inducible il-4/il-13-inducible JJ 1857 1861 gene gene NN 1862 1872 expression expression NN 1872 1873 . . .