0 9 Reduction reduction NN 10 12 of of IN 13 19 tumour tumour NN 20 28 necrosis necrosis NN 29 35 factor factor NN 36 41 alpha alpha NN 42 52 expression expression NN 53 56 and and CC 57 67 signalling signalling NN 68 70 in in IN 71 81 peripheral peripheral JJ 82 87 blood blood NN 88 99 mononuclear mononuclear JJ 100 105 cells cell NNS 106 110 from from IN 111 119 patients patient NNS 120 124 with with IN 125 137 thalassaemia thalassaemia NN 138 140 or or CC 141 147 sickle sickle JJ 148 152 cell cell NN 153 160 anaemia anaemia NN 161 165 upon upon IN 166 175 treatment treatment NN 176 180 with with IN 181 196 desferrioxamine desferrioxamine NN 196 197 . . . 199 205 Recent recent JJ 206 214 evidence evidence NN 215 224 indicates indicate VBZ 225 229 that that IN 230 233 the the DT 234 238 rate rate NN 239 241 of of IN 242 253 progression progression NN 254 256 of of IN 257 260 the the DT 261 266 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 267 274 disease disease NN 275 277 is be VBZ 278 291 significantly significantly RB 292 299 reduced reduce VBN 300 302 in in IN 303 315 thalassaemia thalassaemia NN 316 321 major major JJ 322 330 patients patient NNS 331 335 upon upon IN 336 345 treatment treatment NN 346 350 with with IN 351 355 high high JJ 356 361 doses dose NNS 362 364 of of IN 365 380 desferrioxamine desferrioxamine NN 381 382 ( ( ( 382 385 DFX DFX NNP 385 386 ) ) ) 386 387 . . . 388 391 The the DT 392 399 authors author NNS 400 404 have have VBP 405 415 previously previously RB 416 428 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 429 433 that that IN 434 436 in in FW 437 442 vitro vitro FW 443 451 exposure exposure NN 452 454 of of IN 455 466 mononuclear mononuclear JJ 467 472 cells cell NNS 473 475 to to TO 476 479 DFX DFX NNP 480 489 decreases decrease VBZ 490 493 the the DT 494 509 bioavailability bioavailability NN 510 512 of of IN 513 519 tumour tumour NN 520 528 necrosis necrosis NN 529 535 factor factor NN 536 541 alpha alpha NN 542 543 ( ( ( 543 552 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 552 553 ) ) ) 554 559 which which WDT 560 563 has have VBZ 564 565 a a DT 566 577 stimulatory stimulatory JJ 578 584 effect effect NN 585 587 on on IN 588 593 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 594 605 replication replication NN 605 606 . . . 607 609 In in IN 610 614 this this DT 615 620 study study NN 620 621 , , , 622 631 therefore therefore RB 631 632 , , , 633 642 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 643 658 bioavailability bioavailability NN 659 663 from from IN 664 675 mononuclear mononuclear JJ 676 681 cells cell NNS 682 690 isolated isolate VBN 691 695 from from IN 696 698 10 10 CD 699 707 patients patient NNS 708 712 with with IN 713 725 thalassaemia thalassaemia NN 726 728 or or CC 729 735 sickle sickle JJ 736 740 cell cell NN 741 748 anaemia anaemia NN 749 754 given give VBN 755 758 DFX DFX NNP 759 761 as as IN 762 770 compared compare VBN 771 773 to to TO 774 776 10 10 CD 777 786 untreated untreated JJ 787 795 subjects subject NNS 796 799 has have VBZ 800 804 been be VBN 805 814 evaluated evaluate VBN 814 815 . . . 816 824 Evidence evidence NN 825 827 is be VBZ 828 837 presented present VBN 838 845 showing show VBG 846 850 that that IN 851 854 DFX DFX NNP 855 864 treatment treatment NN 865 872 reduces reduce VBZ 873 882 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 883 898 bioavailability bioavailability NN 899 900 ( ( ( 900 906 P<0.05 p<0.05 NN 906 907 ) ) ) 908 910 by by IN 911 921 inhibiting inhibit VBG 922 925 its its PRP$ 926 932 steady steady JJ 933 938 state state NN 939 940 ( ( ( 940 946 P<0.05 p<0.05 NN 946 947 ) ) ) 948 951 and and CC 952 954 by by IN 955 964 enhancing enhance VBG 965 968 its its PRP$ 969 981 inactivation inactivation NN 982 989 through through IN 990 997 binding binding NN 998 1000 to to TO 1001 1008 soluble soluble JJ 1009 1018 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1019 1027 receptor receptor NN 1028 1032 type type NN 1033 1035 II ii CD 1036 1037 ( ( ( 1037 1043 P<0.05 P<0.05 NNP 1043 1044 ) ) ) 1044 1045 . . . 1046 1048 We we PRP 1049 1053 also also RB 1054 1058 show show VBP 1059 1063 that that IN 1064 1067 DFX DFX NNP 1068 1077 treatment treatment NN 1078 1084 limits limit VBZ 1085 1088 the the DT 1089 1091 in in FW 1092 1096 vivo vivo FW 1097 1107 activation activation NN 1108 1110 of of IN 1111 1120 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1120 1121 , , , 1122 1123 a a DT 1124 1137 transcription transcription NN 1138 1144 factor factor NN 1145 1153 involved involve VBN 1154 1156 in in IN 1157 1161 both both CC 1162 1171 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1172 1176 gene gene NN 1177 1190 transcription transcription NN 1191 1194 and and CC 1195 1204 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1205 1215 signalling signalling NN 1216 1217 ( ( ( 1217 1224 P<0.005 p<0.005 NN 1224 1225 ) ) ) 1225 1226 . . . 1227 1229 We we PRP 1230 1238 conclude conclude VBP 1239 1243 that that IN 1244 1253 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1254 1269 bioavailability bioavailability NN 1270 1273 and and CC 1274 1284 signalling signalling NN 1285 1288 are be VBP 1289 1297 impaired impaired JJ 1298 1300 in in IN 1301 1309 patients patient NNS 1310 1314 upon upon IN 1315 1318 DFX DFX NNP 1319 1328 treatment treatment NN 1328 1329 . . . 1330 1334 This this DT 1335 1344 mechanism mechanism NN 1345 1348 may may MD 1349 1359 contribute contribute VB 1360 1362 to to TO 1363 1370 delayed delay VBN 1371 1382 progression progression NN 1383 1385 of of IN 1386 1389 the the DT 1390 1395 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1396 1405 infection infection NN 1406 1408 in in FW 1409 1413 vivo vivo FW 1413 1414 . . . 1415 1424 Copyright Copyright NNP 1425 1429 1999 1999 CD 1430 1438 Academic Academic NNP 1439 1444 Press Press NNP 1444 1445 . . .