0 10 PGG-glucan PGG-glucan NNP 10 11 , , , 12 13 a a DT 14 21 soluble soluble JJ 22 39 beta-(1,3)-glucan beta-(1,3)-glucan NN 39 40 , , , 41 49 enhances enhance VBZ 50 53 the the DT 54 63 oxidative oxidative JJ 64 69 burst burst NN 70 78 response response NN 78 79 , , , 80 92 microbicidal microbicidal JJ 93 101 activity activity NN 101 102 , , , 103 106 and and CC 107 116 activates activate VBZ 117 119 an an DT 120 128 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 129 135 B-like b-like JJ 136 142 factor factor NN 143 145 in in IN 146 151 human human JJ 152 155 PMN pmn NN 155 156 : : : 157 165 evidence evidence NN 166 169 for for IN 170 171 a a DT 172 189 glycosphingolipid glycosphingolipid NN 190 207 beta-(1,3)-glucan beta-(1,3)-glucan NN 208 216 receptor receptor NN 216 217 . . . 219 229 PGG-Glucan PGG-Glucan NNP 229 230 , , , 231 232 a a DT 233 240 soluble soluble JJ 241 260 beta-(1,6)-branched beta-(1,6)-branched JJ 261 278 beta-(1,3)-linked beta-(1,3)-linked JJ 279 286 glucose glucose NN 287 298 homopolymer homopolymer NN 299 306 derived derive VBN 307 311 from from IN 312 315 the the DT 316 320 cell cell NN 321 325 wall wall NN 326 328 of of IN 329 332 the the DT 333 338 yeast yeast NN 339 352 Saccharomyces saccharomyces FW 353 363 cerevisiae cerevisiae FW 363 364 , , , 365 367 is be VBZ 368 370 an an DT 371 386 immunomodulator immunomodulator NN 387 392 which which WDT 393 401 enhances enhance VBZ 402 411 leukocyte leukocyte NN 412 426 anti-infective anti-infective JJ 427 435 activity activity NN 436 439 and and CC 440 448 enhances enhance VBZ 449 456 myeloid myeloid JJ 457 460 and and CC 461 474 megakaryocyte megakaryocyte NN 475 485 progenitor progenitor NN 486 499 proliferation proliferation NN 499 500 . . . 501 511 Incubation incubation NN 512 514 of of IN 515 520 human human JJ 521 526 whole whole JJ 527 532 blood blood NN 533 537 with with IN 538 548 PGG-Glucan PGG-Glucan NNP 549 562 significantly significantly RB 563 571 enhanced enhance VBD 572 575 the the DT 576 585 oxidative oxidative JJ 586 591 burst burst NN 592 600 response response NN 601 603 of of IN 604 616 subsequently subsequently RB 617 625 isolated isolate VBN 626 631 blood blood NN 632 642 leukocytes leukocyte NNS 643 645 to to TO 646 650 both both CC 651 658 soluble soluble JJ 659 662 and and CC 663 674 particulate particulate VBP 675 685 activators activator NNS 686 688 in in IN 689 690 a a DT 691 705 dose-dependent dose-dependent JJ 706 712 manner manner NN 712 713 , , , 714 717 and and CC 718 727 increased increase VBD 728 737 leukocyte leukocyte NN 738 750 microbicidal microbicidal JJ 751 759 activity activity NN 759 760 . . . 761 763 No no DT 764 772 evidence evidence NN 773 776 for for IN 777 789 inflammatory inflammatory JJ 790 798 cytokine cytokine NN 799 809 production production NN 810 813 was be VBD 814 822 obtained obtain VBN 823 828 under under IN 829 834 these these DT 835 845 conditions condition NNS 845 846 . . . 847 862 Electrophoretic electrophoretic JJ 863 871 mobility mobility NN 872 877 shift shift NN 878 884 assays assay NNS 885 897 demonstrated demonstrate VBD 898 902 that that IN 903 913 PGG-Glucan PGG-Glucan NNP 914 921 induced induce VBD 922 925 the the DT 926 936 activation activation NN 937 939 of of IN 940 942 an an DT 943 957 NF-kappaB-like nf-kappab-like JJ 958 965 nuclear nuclear JJ 966 979 transcription transcription NN 980 986 factor factor NN 987 989 in in IN 990 998 purified purify VBN 999 1004 human human JJ 1005 1016 neutrophils neutrophil NNS 1016 1017 . . . 1018 1021 The the DT 1022 1029 binding binding NN 1030 1032 of of IN 1033 1046 3H-PGG-Glucan 3H-PGG-Glucan NNP 1047 1049 to to TO 1050 1055 human human JJ 1056 1065 leukocyte leukocyte NN 1066 1075 membranes membrane NNS 1076 1079 was be VBD 1080 1088 specific specific JJ 1088 1089 , , , 1090 1113 concentration-dependent concentration-dependent JJ 1113 1114 , , , 1115 1124 saturable saturable JJ 1124 1125 , , , 1126 1129 and and CC 1130 1134 high high JJ 1135 1143 affinity affinity NN 1144 1145 ( ( ( 1145 1147 Kd Kd NNP 1148 1161 approximately approximately RB 1162 1163 6 6 CD 1164 1166 nM nm NN 1166 1167 ) ) ) 1167 1168 . . . 1169 1170 A a DT 1171 1181 monoclonal monoclonal JJ 1182 1190 antibody antibody NN 1191 1199 specific specific JJ 1200 1202 to to TO 1203 1206 the the DT 1207 1224 glycosphingolipid glycosphingolipid NN 1225 1241 lactosylceramide lactosylceramide NN 1242 1245 was be VBD 1246 1250 able able JJ 1251 1253 to to TO 1254 1261 inhibit inhibit VB 1262 1272 activation activation NN 1273 1275 of of IN 1276 1279 the the DT 1280 1294 NF-kappaB-like nf-kappab-like JJ 1295 1301 factor factor NN 1302 1304 by by IN 1305 1315 PGG-Glucan PGG-Glucan NNP 1315 1316 , , , 1317 1320 and and CC 1321 1327 ligand ligand NN 1328 1335 binding binding NN 1336 1340 data datum NNS 1340 1341 , , , 1342 1351 including include VBG 1352 1366 polysaccharide polysaccharide NN 1367 1378 specificity specificity NN 1378 1379 , , , 1380 1389 suggested suggest VBD 1390 1394 that that IN 1395 1398 the the DT 1399 1409 PGG-Glucan pgg-glucan NN 1410 1417 binding binding NN 1418 1424 moiety moiety NN 1425 1428 was be VBD 1429 1445 lactosylceramide lactosylceramide NN 1445 1446 . . . 1447 1452 These these DT 1453 1460 results result NNS 1461 1469 indicate indicate VBP 1470 1474 that that IN 1475 1485 PGG-Glucan PGG-Glucan NNP 1486 1494 enhances enhance VBZ 1495 1505 neutrophil neutrophil NN 1506 1520 anti-microbial anti-microbial JJ 1521 1530 functions function NNS 1531 1534 and and CC 1535 1539 that that IN 1540 1551 interaction interaction NN 1552 1559 between between IN 1560 1564 this this DT 1565 1576 beta-glucan beta-glucan NN 1577 1580 and and CC 1581 1586 human human JJ 1587 1598 neutrophils neutrophil NNS 1599 1601 is be VBZ 1602 1610 mediated mediate VBN 1611 1613 by by IN 1614 1617 the the DT 1618 1635 glycosphingolipid glycosphingolipid NN 1636 1652 lactosylceramide lactosylceramide NN 1653 1660 present present JJ 1661 1663 at at IN 1664 1667 the the DT 1668 1672 cell cell NN 1673 1680 surface surface NN 1680 1681 . . .