0 15 Transcriptional transcriptional JJ 16 25 targeting targeting NN 26 28 of of IN 29 39 retroviral retroviral JJ 40 47 vectors vector NNS 48 50 to to TO 51 54 the the DT 55 69 erythroblastic erythroblastic JJ 70 77 progeny progeny NN 78 80 of of IN 81 91 transduced transduce VBN 92 105 hematopoietic hematopoietic JJ 106 110 stem stem NN 111 116 cells cell NNS 116 117 . . . 119 127 Targeted target VBN 128 138 expression expression NN 139 141 to to TO 142 150 specific specific JJ 151 158 tissues tissue NNS 159 161 or or CC 162 166 cell cell NN 167 175 lineages lineage NNS 176 178 is be VBZ 179 180 a a DT 181 190 necessary necessary JJ 191 198 feature feature NN 199 201 of of IN 202 203 a a DT 204 208 gene gene NN 209 216 therapy therapy NN 217 223 vector vector NN 224 227 for for IN 228 232 many many JJ 233 241 clinical clinical JJ 242 254 applications application NNS 254 255 , , , 256 260 such such JJ 261 263 as as IN 264 274 correction correction NN 275 277 of of IN 278 296 hemoglobinopathies hemoglobinopathy NNS 297 299 or or CC 300 312 thalassemias thalassemia NNS 313 315 by by IN 316 331 transplantation transplantation NN 332 334 of of IN 335 346 genetically genetically RB 347 355 modified modify VBN 356 369 hematopoietic hematopoietic JJ 370 374 stem stem NN 375 380 cells cell NNS 380 381 . . . 382 384 We we PRP 385 394 developed develop VBD 395 405 retroviral retroviral JJ 406 413 vectors vector NNS 414 416 in in IN 417 422 which which WDT 423 426 the the DT 427 439 constitutive constitutive JJ 440 445 viral viral JJ 446 454 enhancer enhancer NN 455 457 in in IN 458 461 the the DT 462 464 U3 u3 NN 465 471 region region NN 472 474 of of IN 475 478 the the DT 479 480 3 3 CD 480 481 ’ ' SYM 482 485 LTR ltr NN 486 488 is be VBZ 489 497 replaced replace VBN 498 500 by by IN 501 503 an an DT 504 518 autoregulatory autoregulatory JJ 519 527 enhancer enhancer NN 528 530 of of IN 531 534 the the DT 535 553 erythroid-specific erythroid-specific JJ 554 560 GATA-1 gata-1 NN 561 574 transcription transcription NN 575 581 factor factor NN 582 586 gene gene NN 586 587 . . . 588 591 The the DT 592 600 replaced replace VBN 601 609 enhancer enhancer NN 610 612 is be VBZ 613 623 propagated propagate VBN 624 626 to to TO 627 630 the the DT 631 632 5 5 CD 632 633 ’ ' SYM 634 637 LTR ltr NN 638 642 upon upon IN 643 654 integration integration NN 655 659 into into IN 660 663 the the DT 664 670 target target NN 671 675 cell cell NN 676 682 genome genome NN 682 683 . . . 684 687 The the DT 688 696 modified modify VBN 697 704 vectors vector NNS 705 709 were be VBD 710 714 used use VBN 715 717 to to TO 718 727 transduce transduce VB 728 733 human human JJ 734 747 hematopoietic hematopoietic JJ 748 752 cell cell NN 753 758 lines line NNS 758 759 , , , 760 764 cord cord NN 765 778 blood-derived blood-derived JJ 779 786 CD34(+) cd34(+) JJ 787 802 stem/progenitor stem/progenitor NN 803 808 cells cell NNS 808 809 , , , 810 813 and and CC 814 820 murine murine JJ 821 825 bone bone NN 826 832 marrow marrow NN 833 845 repopulating repopulate VBG 846 850 stem stem NN 851 856 cells cell NNS 856 857 . . . 858 861 The the DT 862 872 expression expression NN 873 875 of of IN 876 887 appropriate appropriate JJ 888 896 reporter reporter NN 897 902 genes gene NNS 903 904 ( ( ( 904 912 triangle triangle NN 913 920 upLNGFR upLNGFR NNP 920 921 , , , 922 926 EGFP EGFP NNP 926 927 ) ) ) 928 931 was be VBD 932 940 analyzed analyze VBN 941 943 in in IN 944 947 the the DT 948 962 differentiated differentiate VBN 963 970 progeny progeny NN 971 973 of of IN 974 984 transduced transduce VBN 985 989 stem stem NN 990 995 cells cell NNS 996 998 in in FW 999 1004 vitro vitro FW 1004 1005 , , , 1006 1008 in in IN 1009 1015 liquid liquid JJ 1016 1023 culture culture NN 1024 1026 as as RB 1027 1031 well well RB 1032 1034 as as IN 1035 1037 in in IN 1038 1048 clonogenic clonogenic JJ 1049 1054 assay assay NN 1054 1055 , , , 1056 1059 and and CC 1060 1062 in in FW 1063 1067 vivo vivo FW 1067 1068 , , , 1069 1074 after after IN 1075 1079 bone bone NN 1080 1086 marrow marrow NN 1087 1102 transplantation transplantation NN 1103 1105 in in IN 1106 1114 lethally lethally RB 1115 1125 irradiated irradiated JJ 1126 1130 mice mouse NNS 1130 1131 . . . 1132 1135 The the DT 1136 1142 GATA-1 gata-1 NN 1143 1157 autoregulatory autoregulatory JJ 1158 1166 enhancer enhancer NN 1167 1178 effectively effectively RB 1179 1188 restricts restrict VBZ 1189 1192 the the DT 1193 1203 expression expression NN 1204 1206 of of IN 1207 1210 the the DT 1211 1221 LTR-driven ltr-driven JJ 1222 1230 proviral proviral JJ 1231 1244 transcription transcription NN 1245 1249 unit unit NN 1250 1252 to to TO 1253 1256 the the DT 1257 1271 erythroblastic erythroblastic JJ 1272 1279 progeny progeny NN 1280 1282 of of IN 1283 1287 both both CC 1288 1293 human human JJ 1294 1305 progenitors progenitor NNS 1306 1309 and and CC 1310 1328 mouse-repopulating mouse-repopulating JJ 1329 1333 stem stem NN 1334 1339 cells cell NNS 1339 1340 . . . 1341 1350 Packaging packaging NN 1351 1353 of of IN 1354 1359 viral viral JJ 1360 1369 particles particle NNS 1369 1370 , , , 1371 1382 integration integration NN 1383 1387 into into IN 1388 1391 the the DT 1392 1398 target target NN 1399 1405 genome genome NN 1405 1406 , , , 1407 1410 and and CC 1411 1420 stability stability NN 1421 1423 of of IN 1424 1427 the the DT 1428 1438 integrated integrate VBN 1439 1447 provirus provirus NN 1448 1451 are be VBP 1452 1455 not not RB 1456 1464 affected affect VBN 1465 1467 by by IN 1468 1471 the the DT 1472 1475 LTR LTR NNP 1476 1488 modification modification NN 1488 1489 . . . 1490 1498 Enhancer Enhancer NNP 1499 1510 replacement replacement NN 1511 1513 is be VBZ 1514 1523 therefore therefore RB 1524 1526 an an DT 1527 1536 effective effective JJ 1537 1545 strategy strategy NN 1546 1548 to to TO 1549 1555 target target VB 1556 1566 expression expression NN 1567 1569 of of IN 1570 1571 a a DT 1572 1582 retroviral retroviral JJ 1583 1592 transgene transgene NN 1593 1595 to to TO 1596 1597 a a DT 1598 1606 specific specific JJ 1607 1614 progeny progeny NN 1615 1617 of of IN 1618 1628 transduced transduce VBN 1629 1642 hematopoietic hematopoietic JJ 1643 1647 stem stem NN 1648 1653 cells cell NNS 1653 1654 . . .