0 5 Human human JJ 6 14 alveolar alveolar JJ 15 26 macrophages macrophage NNS 27 30 are be VBP 31 39 markedly markedly RB 40 49 deficient deficient JJ 50 52 in in IN 53 58 REF-1 ref-1 NN 59 62 and and CC 63 67 AP-1 ap-1 NN 68 71 DNA dna NN 72 79 binding binding NN 80 88 activity activity NN 88 89 . . . 91 99 Although although IN 100 104 many many JJ 105 114 functions function NNS 115 117 of of IN 118 123 human human JJ 124 132 alveolar alveolar JJ 133 144 macrophages macrophage NNS 145 148 are be VBP 149 156 altered alter VBN 157 165 compared compare VBN 166 170 with with IN 171 176 their their PRP$ 177 186 precursor precursor NN 187 191 cell cell NN 191 192 , , , 193 196 the the DT 197 202 blood blood NN 203 211 monocyte monocyte NN 212 213 ( ( ( 213 221 monocyte monocyte NN 221 222 ) ) ) 222 223 , , , 224 227 the the DT 228 237 reason(s) reason(s) NN 238 241 for for IN 242 247 these these DT 248 258 functional functional JJ 259 266 changes change NNS 267 271 have have VBP 272 275 not not RB 276 280 been be VBN 281 291 determined determine VBN 291 292 . . . 293 295 We we PRP 296 304 recently recently RB 305 313 reported report VBD 314 318 that that IN 319 324 human human JJ 325 333 alveolar alveolar JJ 334 345 macrophages macrophage NNS 346 348 do do VBP 349 352 not not RB 353 360 express express VB 361 365 AP-1 ap-1 NN 366 369 DNA dna NN 370 377 binding binding NN 378 386 activity activity NN 387 388 ( ( ( 388 394 Monick Monick NNP 394 395 , , , 396 398 M. M. NNP 399 401 M. M. NNP 401 402 , , , 403 409 Carter Carter NNP 409 410 , , , 411 413 A. A. NNP 414 416 B. B. NNP 416 417 , , , 418 429 Gudmundsson Gudmundsson NNP 429 430 , , , 431 433 G. G. NNP 433 434 , , , 435 440 Geist Geist NNP 440 441 , , , 442 444 L. L. NNP 445 447 J. J. NNP 447 448 , , , 449 452 and and CC 453 464 Hunninghake Hunninghake NNP 464 465 , , , 466 468 G. G. NNP 469 471 W. W. NNP 472 473 ( ( ( 473 477 1998 1998 CD 477 478 ) ) ) 479 481 Am Am NNP 481 482 . . . 483 485 J. J. NNP 486 493 Physiol Physiol NNP 493 494 . . . 495 498 275 275 CD 498 499 , , , 500 509 L389-L397 l389-l397 NN 509 510 ) ) ) 510 511 . . . 512 514 To to TO 515 524 determine determine VB 525 528 why why WRB 529 537 alveolar alveolar JJ 538 549 macrophages macrophage NNS 550 552 do do VBP 553 556 not not RB 557 564 express express VB 565 569 AP-1 ap-1 NN 570 573 DNA dna NN 574 581 binding binding NN 582 590 activity activity NN 590 591 , , , 592 594 we we PRP 595 600 first first RB 601 607 showed show VBD 608 612 that that IN 613 618 there there EX 619 622 was be VBD 623 626 not not RB 627 628 a a DT 629 637 decrease decrease NN 638 640 in in IN 641 651 expression expression NN 652 654 of of IN 655 658 the the DT 659 662 FOS FOS NNP 663 666 and and CC 667 670 JUN JUN NNP 671 679 proteins protein NNS 680 684 that that WDT 685 689 make make VBP 690 692 up up RP 693 696 the the DT 697 701 AP-1 ap-1 NN 702 709 complex complex NN 709 710 . . . 711 716 There there EX 717 720 was be VBD 720 721 , , , 722 729 however however RB 729 730 , , , 731 732 a a DT 733 744 significant significant JJ 745 755 difference difference NN 756 758 in in IN 759 762 the the DT 763 770 amounts amount NNS 771 773 of of IN 774 777 the the DT 778 785 nuclear nuclear JJ 786 793 protein protein NN 793 794 , , , 795 800 REF-1 ref-1 NN 801 802 ( ( ( 802 807 which which WDT 808 817 regulates regulate VBZ 818 822 AP-1 ap-1 NN 823 826 DNA dna NN 827 834 binding binding NN 835 837 by by IN 838 846 altering alter VBG 847 850 the the DT 851 856 redox redox NN 857 863 status status NN 864 866 of of IN 867 870 FOS FOS NNP 871 874 and and CC 875 878 JUN JUN NNP 879 887 proteins protein NNS 887 888 ) ) ) 888 889 , , , 890 892 in in IN 893 901 alveolar alveolar JJ 902 913 macrophages macrophage NNS 914 922 compared compare VBN 923 927 with with IN 928 937 monocytes monocyte NNS 937 938 . . . 939 941 In in IN 942 950 addition addition NN 950 951 , , , 952 954 in in FW 955 960 vitro vitro FW 961 976 differentiation differentiation NN 977 979 of of IN 980 989 monocytes monocyte NNS 990 992 to to TO 993 994 a a DT 995 1010 macrophage-like macrophage-like JJ 1011 1015 cell cell NN 1016 1024 resulted result VBD 1025 1027 in in IN 1028 1037 decreased decrease VBN 1038 1045 amounts amount NNS 1046 1048 of of IN 1049 1054 REF-1 ref-1 NN 1054 1055 . . . 1056 1063 Finally finally RB 1063 1064 , , , 1065 1073 addition addition NN 1074 1076 of of IN 1077 1082 REF-1 ref-1 NN 1083 1087 from from IN 1088 1097 activated activate VBN 1098 1107 monocytes monocyte NNS 1108 1110 to to TO 1111 1119 alveolar alveolar JJ 1120 1130 macrophage macrophage NN 1131 1138 nuclear nuclear JJ 1139 1147 proteins protein NNS 1148 1156 resulted result VBD 1157 1159 in in IN 1160 1161 a a DT 1162 1168 marked marked JJ 1169 1177 increase increase NN 1178 1180 in in IN 1181 1185 AP-1 ap-1 NN 1186 1189 DNA dna NN 1190 1197 binding binding NN 1197 1198 . . . 1199 1204 These these DT 1205 1212 studies study NNS 1213 1221 strongly strongly RB 1222 1229 suggest suggest VBP 1230 1234 that that IN 1235 1238 the the DT 1239 1246 process process NN 1247 1249 of of IN 1250 1265 differentiation differentiation NN 1266 1268 of of IN 1269 1278 monocytes monocyte NNS 1279 1283 into into IN 1284 1292 alveolar alveolar JJ 1293 1304 macrophages macrophage NNS 1305 1307 is be VBZ 1308 1318 associated associate VBN 1319 1323 with with IN 1324 1325 a a DT 1326 1330 loss loss NN 1331 1333 of of IN 1334 1339 REF-1 ref-1 NN 1340 1343 and and CC 1344 1348 AP-1 ap-1 NN 1349 1357 activity activity NN 1357 1358 . . . 1359 1363 This this DT 1364 1375 observation observation NN 1376 1379 may may MD 1380 1387 explain explain VB 1387 1388 , , , 1389 1391 in in IN 1392 1396 part part NN 1396 1397 , , , 1398 1402 some some DT 1403 1405 of of IN 1406 1409 the the DT 1410 1420 functional functional JJ 1421 1432 differences difference NNS 1433 1441 observed observe VBN 1442 1445 for for IN 1446 1454 alveolar alveolar JJ 1455 1466 macrophages macrophage NNS 1467 1475 compared compare VBN 1476 1480 with with IN 1481 1490 monocytes monocyte NNS 1490 1491 . . .