0 16 Thymocyte-thymic thymocyte-thymic JJ 17 27 epithelial epithelial JJ 28 32 cell cell NN 33 44 interaction interaction NN 45 50 leads lead VBZ 51 53 to to TO 54 64 high-level high-level JJ 65 76 replication replication NN 77 79 of of IN 80 85 human human JJ 86 102 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 103 108 virus virus NN 109 120 exclusively exclusively RB 121 123 in in IN 124 130 mature mature JJ 131 137 CD4(+) cd4(+) JJ 138 144 CD8(-) cd8(-) JJ 145 151 CD3(+) cd3(+) JJ 152 162 thymocytes thymocyte NNS 162 163 : : : 164 165 a a DT 166 174 critical critical JJ 175 179 role role NN 180 183 for for IN 184 189 tumor tumor NN 190 198 necrosis necrosis NN 199 205 factor factor NN 206 209 and and CC 210 223 interleukin-7 interleukin-7 NN 223 224 . . . 226 230 This this DT 231 235 work work NN 236 240 aims aim VBZ 241 243 at at IN 244 255 identifying identify VBG 256 259 the the DT 260 269 thymocyte thymocyte NN 270 283 subpopulation subpopulation NN 284 288 able able JJ 289 291 to to TO 292 299 support support VB 300 305 human human JJ 306 322 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 323 328 virus virus NN 329 330 ( ( ( 330 333 HIV HIV NNP 333 334 ) ) ) 335 346 replication replication NN 347 352 under under IN 353 356 the the DT 357 367 biological biological JJ 368 375 stimuli stimulus NNS 376 378 of of IN 379 382 the the DT 383 389 thymic thymic JJ 390 406 microenvironment microenvironment NN 406 407 . . . 408 410 In in IN 411 415 this this DT 416 422 report report NN 423 425 we we PRP 426 437 demonstrate demonstrate VBP 438 442 that that IN 443 454 interaction interaction NN 455 459 with with IN 460 466 thymic thymic JJ 467 477 epithelial epithelial JJ 478 483 cells cell NNS 484 485 ( ( ( 485 488 TEC TEC NNP 488 489 ) ) ) 490 497 induces induce VBZ 498 499 a a DT 500 510 high-level high-level JJ 511 522 replication replication NN 523 525 of of IN 526 529 the the DT 530 538 T-tropic t-tropic JJ 539 546 primary primary JJ 547 554 isolate isolate JJ 555 568 HIV-1(B-LAIp) hiv-1(b-laip) NN 569 580 exclusively exclusively RB 581 583 in in IN 584 587 the the DT 588 594 mature mature JJ 595 601 CD4(+) cd4(+) JJ 602 608 CD8(-) cd8(-) JJ 609 615 CD3(+) cd3(+) JJ 616 626 thymocytes thymocyte NNS 626 627 . . . 628 633 Tumor tumor NN 634 642 necrosis necrosis NN 643 649 factor factor NN 650 651 ( ( ( 651 654 TNF TNF NNP 654 655 ) ) ) 656 659 and and CC 660 673 interleukin-7 interleukin-7 NN 674 675 ( ( ( 675 679 IL-7 IL-7 NNP 679 680 ) ) ) 680 681 , , , 682 690 secreted secrete VBN 691 697 during during IN 698 702 this this DT 703 714 interaction interaction NN 714 715 , , , 716 719 are be VBP 720 728 critical critical JJ 729 738 cytokines cytokine NNS 739 742 for for IN 743 746 HIV HIV NNP 747 751 long long JJ 752 760 terminal terminal JJ 761 767 repeat repeat NN 768 783 transactivation transactivation NN 784 791 through through IN 792 811 NF-kappaB-dependent nf-kappab-dependent JJ 812 822 activation activation NN 822 823 . . . 824 827 TNF TNF NNP 828 830 is be VBZ 831 834 the the DT 835 840 major major JJ 841 848 inducer inducer NN 849 851 of of IN 852 861 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 862 865 and and CC 866 878 particularly particularly RB 879 881 of of IN 882 885 the the DT 886 893 p50-p65 p50-p65 NN 894 901 complex complex NN 901 902 , , , 903 910 whereas whereas IN 911 915 IL-7 il-7 NN 916 920 acts act VBZ 921 923 as as IN 924 925 a a DT 926 934 cofactor cofactor NN 935 937 by by IN 938 948 sustaining sustain VBG 949 952 the the DT 953 963 expression expression NN 964 966 of of IN 967 970 the the DT 971 974 p75 p75 NN 975 978 TNF tnf NN 979 987 receptor receptor NN 987 988 . . . 989 992 The the DT 993 1004 requirement requirement NN 1005 1008 for for IN 1009 1012 TNF TNF NNP 1013 1015 is be VBZ 1016 1023 further further RBR 1024 1033 confirmed confirm VBN 1034 1036 by by IN 1037 1040 the the DT 1041 1052 observation observation NN 1053 1057 that that IN 1058 1061 the the DT 1062 1071 inability inability NN 1072 1074 of of IN 1075 1078 the the DT 1079 1091 intermediate intermediate JJ 1092 1098 CD4(+) cd4(+) JJ 1099 1105 CD8(-) cd8(-) JJ 1106 1112 CD3(-) cd3(-) JJ 1113 1123 thymocytes thymocyte NNS 1124 1126 to to TO 1127 1136 replicate replicate VB 1137 1140 the the DT 1141 1146 virus virus NN 1147 1149 is be VBZ 1150 1160 associated associate VBN 1161 1165 with with IN 1166 1167 a a DT 1168 1174 defect defect NN 1175 1177 in in IN 1178 1181 TNF TNF NNP 1182 1192 production production NN 1193 1199 during during IN 1200 1205 their their PRP$ 1206 1217 interaction interaction NN 1218 1222 with with IN 1223 1226 TEC TEC NNP 1227 1230 and and CC 1231 1241 correlates correlate VBZ 1242 1246 with with IN 1247 1250 the the DT 1251 1258 absence absence NN 1259 1261 of of IN 1262 1269 nuclear nuclear JJ 1270 1279 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1280 1288 activity activity NN 1289 1291 in in IN 1292 1297 these these DT 1298 1305 freshly freshly RB 1306 1314 isolated isolate VBN 1315 1325 thymocytes thymocyte NNS 1325 1326 . . . 1327 1335 Addition addition NN 1336 1338 of of IN 1339 1348 exogenous exogenous JJ 1349 1352 TNF tnf NN 1353 1355 to to TO 1356 1359 the the DT 1360 1372 intermediate intermediate JJ 1373 1382 thymocyte thymocyte NN 1383 1391 cultures culture NNS 1392 1399 induces induce VBZ 1400 1409 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1410 1418 activity activity NN 1419 1422 and and CC 1423 1425 is be VBZ 1426 1436 sufficient sufficient JJ 1437 1439 to to TO 1440 1447 promote promote VB 1448 1451 HIV HIV NNP 1452 1463 replication replication NN 1464 1466 in in IN 1467 1470 the the DT 1471 1481 cocultures coculture NNS 1482 1486 with with IN 1487 1490 TEC TEC NNP 1490 1491 . . . 1492 1495 The the DT 1496 1501 other other JJ 1502 1507 major major JJ 1508 1521 subpopulation subpopulation NN 1522 1532 expressing express VBG 1533 1536 the the DT 1537 1540 CD4 cd4 NN 1541 1549 receptor receptor NN 1549 1550 , , , 1551 1557 namely namely RB 1557 1558 , , , 1559 1562 the the DT 1563 1578 double-positive double-positive JJ 1579 1580 ( ( ( 1580 1582 DP DP NNP 1582 1583 ) ) ) 1584 1590 CD4(+) cd4(+) JJ 1591 1597 CD8(+) cd8(+) JJ 1598 1606 CD3(+/-) cd3(+/-) JJ 1607 1617 thymocytes thymocyte NNS 1617 1618 , , , 1619 1626 despite despite IN 1627 1630 the the DT 1631 1636 entry entry NN 1637 1639 of of IN 1640 1643 the the DT 1644 1649 virus virus NN 1649 1650 , , , 1651 1653 do do VBP 1654 1657 not not RB 1658 1665 produce produce VB 1666 1667 a a DT 1668 1679 significant significant JJ 1680 1685 level level NN 1686 1688 of of IN 1689 1694 virus virus NN 1694 1695 , , , 1696 1706 presumably presumably RB 1707 1714 because because IN 1715 1719 they they PRP 1720 1723 are be VBP 1724 1736 unresponsive unresponsive JJ 1737 1739 to to TO 1740 1743 TNF TNF NNP 1744 1747 and and CC 1748 1752 IL-7 IL-7 NNP 1752 1753 . . . 1754 1762 Together together RB 1762 1763 , , , 1764 1769 these these DT 1770 1774 data datum NNS 1775 1782 suggest suggest VBP 1783 1787 that that IN 1788 1790 in in FW 1791 1795 vivo vivo FW 1795 1796 , , , 1797 1804 despite despite IN 1805 1807 an an DT 1808 1817 efficient efficient JJ 1818 1823 entry entry NN 1824 1826 of of IN 1827 1830 the the DT 1831 1836 virus virus NN 1837 1839 in in IN 1840 1843 all all PDT 1844 1847 the the DT 1848 1854 CD4(+) cd4(+) JJ 1855 1869 subpopulations subpopulation NNS 1869 1870 , , , 1871 1872 a a DT 1873 1877 high high JJ 1878 1883 viral viral JJ 1884 1888 load load NN 1889 1892 may may MD 1893 1895 be be VB 1896 1905 generated generate VBN 1906 1917 exclusively exclusively RB 1918 1924 within within IN 1925 1928 the the DT 1929 1935 mature mature JJ 1936 1942 CD4(+) cd4(+) JJ 1943 1949 CD8(-) cd8(-) JJ 1950 1956 CD3(+) cd3(+) JJ 1957 1963 subset subset NN 1964 1966 of of IN 1967 1977 thymocytes thymocyte NNS 1977 1978 . . . 1979 1986 However however RB 1986 1987 , , , 1988 1993 under under IN 1994 2004 conditions condition NNS 2005 2007 of of IN 2008 2020 inflammatory inflammatory JJ 2021 2029 response response NN 2030 2035 after after IN 2036 2045 infection infection NN 2045 2046 , , , 2047 2050 TNF TNF NNP 2051 2056 might might MD 2057 2061 also also RB 2062 2064 be be VB 2065 2072 present present JJ 2073 2075 in in IN 2076 2079 the the DT 2080 2092 intermediate intermediate JJ 2093 2102 thymocyte thymocyte NN 2103 2114 compartment compartment NN 2114 2115 , , , 2116 2123 leading lead VBG 2124 2126 to to TO 2127 2136 efficient efficient JJ 2137 2140 HIV HIV NNP 2141 2152 replication replication NN 2153 2155 in in IN 2156 2161 these these DT 2162 2167 cells cell NNS 2167 2168 . . .