0 8 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 9 20 B-dependent b-dependent JJ 21 30 induction induction NN 31 33 of of IN 34 37 the the DT 38 46 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 47 48 B B NNP 49 52 p50 p50 NN 53 60 subunit subunit NN 61 65 gene gene NN 66 74 promoter promoter NN 75 84 underlies underlie VBZ 85 102 self-perpetuation self-perpetuation NN 103 105 of of IN 106 111 human human JJ 112 128 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 129 134 virus virus NN 135 148 transcription transcription NN 149 151 in in IN 152 161 monocytic monocytic JJ 162 167 cells cell NNS 167 168 . . . 170 173 The the DT 174 183 molecular molecular JJ 184 194 mechanisms mechanism NNS 195 205 underlying underlie VBG 206 209 the the DT 210 219 sustained sustained JJ 220 227 nuclear nuclear JJ 228 241 translocation translocation NN 242 244 of of IN 245 253 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 254 255 B B NNP 256 264 observed observe VBN 265 267 in in IN 268 272 U937 u937 NN 273 282 monocytic monocytic JJ 283 288 cells cell NNS 289 300 chronically chronically RB 301 309 infected infect VBN 310 314 with with IN 315 320 human human JJ 321 337 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 338 343 virus virus NN 344 345 ( ( ( 345 348 HIV HIV NNP 348 349 ) ) ) 350 354 were be VBD 355 362 studied study VBN 362 363 . . . 364 367 The the DT 368 376 activity activity NN 377 379 of of IN 380 383 the the DT 384 392 promoter promoter NN 393 403 regulating regulate VBG 404 407 the the DT 408 417 synthesis synthesis NN 418 420 of of IN 421 424 the the DT 425 429 p105 p105 NN 430 439 precursor precursor NN 440 442 of of IN 443 446 the the DT 447 455 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 456 457 B B NNP 458 461 p50 p50 NN 462 469 subunit subunit NN 470 473 was be VBD 474 482 enhanced enhance VBN 483 485 in in IN 486 491 these these DT 492 497 cells cell NNS 497 498 . . . 499 508 Deletions deletion NNS 509 511 in in IN 512 516 this this DT 517 525 promoter promoter NN 526 535 indicated indicate VBD 536 540 that that IN 541 545 this this DT 546 558 upregulation upregulation NN 559 562 was be VBD 563 571 mediated mediate VBN 572 579 through through IN 580 583 the the DT 584 592 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 593 595 B- B- NNP 596 599 but but CC 600 603 not not RB 604 607 the the DT 608 620 AP-1-binding ap-1-binding JJ 621 626 motif motif NN 626 627 , , , 628 630 by by IN 631 635 bona bona NN 636 640 fide fide NN 641 648 p50/p65 p50/p65 NN 649 661 heterodimers heterodimer NNS 661 662 . . . 663 671 Analysis Analysis NNP 672 674 of of IN 675 684 cytosolic cytosolic JJ 685 693 extracts extract NNS 694 703 indicated indicate VBD 704 708 that that IN 709 717 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 718 719 B B NNP 720 726 levels level NNS 727 731 were be VBD 732 741 increased increase VBN 742 744 in in IN 745 757 HIV-infected hiv-infected JJ 758 763 cells cell NNS 763 764 . . . 765 767 In in IN 768 776 contrast contrast NN 777 779 to to TO 780 783 the the DT 784 793 transient transient JJ 794 802 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 803 804 B B NNP 805 815 activation activation NN 816 823 induced induce VBN 824 826 by by IN 827 834 phorbol phorbol NN 835 840 ester ester NN 840 841 , , , 842 845 the the DT 846 855 permanent permanent JJ 856 864 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 865 866 B B NNP 867 880 translocation translocation NN 881 888 induced induce VBN 889 891 by by IN 892 895 HIV HIV NNP 896 905 infection infection NN 906 909 was be VBD 910 913 not not RB 914 923 dependent dependent JJ 924 926 on on IN 927 930 PKC PKC NNP 931 941 isoenzymes isoenzyme NNS 942 947 alpha alpha NN 948 951 and and CC 952 956 beta beta NN 957 959 as as IN 960 965 shown show VBN 966 968 by by IN 969 972 the the DT 973 976 use use NN 977 979 of of IN 980 981 a a DT 982 990 specific specific JJ 991 1000 inhibitor inhibitor NN 1001 1002 ( ( ( 1002 1004 GF GF NNP 1005 1012 109203X 109203x NN 1012 1013 ) ) ) 1013 1014 . . . 1015 1020 These these DT 1021 1033 observations observation NNS 1034 1042 indicate indicate VBP 1043 1047 that that IN 1048 1054 during during IN 1055 1062 chronic chronic JJ 1063 1066 HIV HIV NNP 1067 1076 infection infection NN 1077 1079 of of IN 1080 1084 U937 u937 NN 1085 1090 cells cell NNS 1090 1091 , , , 1092 1102 continuous continuous JJ 1103 1111 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1112 1113 B B NNP 1114 1115 ( ( ( 1115 1122 p50/p65 p50/p65 NN 1122 1123 ) ) ) 1124 1137 translocation translocation NN 1138 1145 results result VBZ 1146 1148 in in IN 1149 1153 p105 p105 NN 1154 1162 promoter promoter NN 1163 1175 upregulation upregulation NN 1176 1180 with with IN 1181 1191 subsequent subsequent JJ 1192 1201 cytosolic cytosolic JJ 1202 1210 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1211 1212 B B NNP 1213 1225 accumulation accumulation NN 1225 1226 , , , 1227 1232 ready ready JJ 1233 1236 for for IN 1237 1244 further further JJ 1245 1258 translocation translocation NN 1258 1259 . . . 1260 1264 This this DT 1265 1277 HIV-mediated hiv-mediated JJ 1278 1287 mechanism mechanism NN 1288 1295 results result VBZ 1296 1298 in in IN 1299 1300 a a DT 1301 1318 self-perpetuating self-perpetuating JJ 1319 1323 loop loop NN 1324 1326 of of IN 1327 1335 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1336 1337 B B NNP 1338 1348 production production NN 1348 1349 . . .