0 3 The the DT 4 9 human human JJ 10 24 myelomonocytic myelomonocytic JJ 25 29 cell cell NN 30 34 line line NN 35 40 U-937 u-937 NN 41 43 as as IN 44 45 a a DT 46 51 model model NN 52 55 for for IN 56 64 studying study VBG 65 76 alterations alteration NNS 77 79 in in IN 80 95 steroid-induced steroid-induced JJ 96 104 monokine monokine NN 105 109 gene gene NN 110 120 expression expression NN 120 121 : : : 122 128 marked marked JJ 129 140 enhancement enhancement NN 141 143 of of IN 144 173 lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lipopolysaccharide-stimulated JJ 174 187 interleukin-1 interleukin-1 NN 188 192 beta beta NN 193 202 messenger messenger NN 203 206 RNA RNA NNP 207 213 levels level NNS 214 216 by by IN 217 238 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin NN 239 241 D3 d3 NN 241 242 . . . 244 247 The the DT 248 254 active active JJ 255 265 metabolite metabolite NN 266 268 of of IN 269 276 vitamin vitamin NN 277 278 D D NNP 278 279 , , , 280 301 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin NN 302 304 D3 D3 NNP 305 306 [ [ ( 306 318 1,25-(OH)2D3 1,25-(OH)2D3 NNP 318 319 ] ] ) 319 320 , , , 321 323 is be VBZ 324 325 a a DT 326 332 potent potent JJ 333 342 regulator regulator NN 343 345 of of IN 346 351 human human JJ 352 371 monocyte/macrophage monocyte/macrophage NN 372 380 function function NN 381 383 in in FW 384 389 vitro vitro FW 389 390 . . . 391 393 To to TO 394 403 establish establish VB 404 405 a a DT 406 411 model model NN 412 415 for for IN 416 428 1,25-(OH)2D3 1,25-(oh)2d3 NN 429 439 regulation regulation NN 440 442 of of IN 443 448 human human JJ 449 457 monocyte monocyte NN 458 466 monokine monokine NN 467 476 synthesis synthesis NN 476 477 , , , 478 483 three three CD 484 489 human human JJ 490 494 cell cell NN 495 500 lines line NNS 501 502 ( ( ( 502 507 U-937 U-937 NNP 507 508 , , , 509 514 THP-1 thp-1 NN 514 515 , , , 516 519 and and CC 520 525 HL-60 HL-60 NNP 525 526 ) ) ) 527 531 were be VBD 532 540 examined examine VBN 541 544 for for IN 544 545 : : : 546 547 1 1 LS 547 548 ) ) ) 549 552 the the DT 553 561 presence presence NN 562 564 of of IN 565 575 functional functional JJ 576 588 1,25-(OH)2D3 1,25-(oh)2d3 NN 589 598 receptors receptor NNS 598 599 ; ; : 600 601 2 2 LS 601 602 ) ) ) 603 606 the the DT 607 619 accumulation accumulation NN 620 622 of of IN 623 636 interleukin-1 interleukin-1 NN 637 641 beta beta NN 642 643 ( ( ( 643 647 IL-1 il-1 NN 648 652 beta beta NN 652 653 ) ) ) 654 658 mRNA mRNA NNP 659 662 and and CC 663 667 IL-1 il-1 NN 668 672 beta beta NN 673 680 protein protein NN 681 683 in in IN 684 692 response response NN 693 695 to to TO 696 714 lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide NN 715 716 ( ( ( 716 719 LPS LPS NNP 719 720 ) ) ) 720 721 ; ; : 722 725 and and CC 726 727 3 3 LS 727 728 ) ) ) 729 732 the the DT 733 743 regulation regulation NN 744 746 of of IN 747 751 this this DT 752 760 response response NN 761 763 by by IN 764 776 1,25-(OH)2D3 1,25-(OH)2D3 NNP 776 777 . . . 778 781 All all DT 782 787 three three CD 788 792 cell cell NN 793 798 lines line NNS 799 808 expressed express VBD 809 816 vitamin vitamin NN 817 818 D D NNP 819 827 receptor receptor NN 828 831 and and CC 832 835 had have VBD 836 845 increased increase VBN 846 852 levels level NNS 853 855 of of IN 856 860 IL-1 il-1 NN 861 865 beta beta NN 866 870 mRNA mrna NN 871 873 in in IN 874 882 response response NN 883 885 to to TO 886 889 LPS LPS NNP 889 890 . . . 891 904 Preincubation preincubation NN 905 907 of of IN 908 913 cells cell NNS 914 918 with with IN 919 931 1,25-(OH)2D3 1,25-(oh)2d3 NN 932 941 augmented augment VBD 942 946 IL-1 il-1 NN 947 951 beta beta NN 952 956 mRNA mrna NN 957 963 levels level NNS 964 968 only only RB 969 971 in in IN 972 977 U-937 u-937 NN 978 981 and and CC 982 987 HL-60 hl-60 NN 988 993 cells cell NNS 993 994 . . . 995 999 From from IN 1000 1005 these these DT 1006 1010 data datum NNS 1010 1011 , , , 1012 1015 and and CC 1016 1022 taking take VBG 1023 1027 into into IN 1028 1041 consideration consideration NN 1042 1047 their their PRP$ 1048 1053 state state NN 1054 1056 of of IN 1057 1072 differentiation differentiation NN 1073 1076 and and CC 1077 1085 relative relative JJ 1086 1090 ease ease NN 1091 1093 of of IN 1094 1101 culture culture NN 1101 1102 , , , 1103 1108 U-937 U-937 NNP 1109 1112 was be VBD 1113 1119 chosen choose VBN 1120 1124 over over IN 1125 1130 HL-60 HL-60 NNP 1131 1134 and and CC 1135 1140 THP-1 thp-1 NN 1141 1143 as as IN 1144 1147 the the DT 1148 1152 cell cell NN 1153 1157 line line NN 1158 1160 we we PRP 1161 1168 further further RBR 1169 1182 characterized characterize VBN 1182 1183 . . . 1184 1186 In in IN 1187 1192 U-937 u-937 NN 1193 1198 cells cell NNS 1198 1199 , , , 1200 1207 optimum optimum JJ 1208 1212 time time NN 1213 1216 and and CC 1217 1221 dose dose NN 1222 1224 of of IN 1225 1237 pretreatment pretreatment NN 1238 1242 with with IN 1243 1255 1,25-(OH)2D3 1,25-(OH)2D3 NNP 1256 1260 were be VBD 1261 1271 determined determine VBN 1272 1274 to to TO 1275 1277 be be VB 1278 1283 12-24 12-24 CD 1284 1285 h h NN 1286 1288 at at IN 1289 1290 a a DT 1291 1299 receptor receptor NN 1300 1310 saturating saturate VBG 1311 1324 concentration concentration NN 1325 1327 of of IN 1328 1340 1,25-(OH)2D3 1,25-(OH)2D3 NNP 1341 1342 ( ( ( 1342 1344 10 10 CD 1345 1349 nM). nm). NN 1350 1363 Preincubation preincubation NN 1364 1366 of of IN 1367 1372 cells cell NNS 1373 1377 with with IN 1378 1390 1,25-(OH)2D3 1,25-(OH)2D3 NNP 1391 1394 had have VBD 1395 1397 no no DT 1398 1404 effect effect NN 1405 1407 on on IN 1408 1411 the the DT 1412 1416 time time NN 1417 1423 course course NN 1424 1426 of of IN 1427 1431 IL-1 il-1 NN 1432 1436 beta beta NN 1437 1441 mRNA mrna NN 1442 1452 appearance appearance NN 1453 1455 in in IN 1456 1464 response response NN 1465 1467 to to TO 1468 1471 LPS LPS NNP 1471 1472 . . . 1473 1480 However however RB 1480 1481 , , , 1482 1490 exposure exposure NN 1491 1493 of of IN 1494 1499 U-937 u-937 NN 1500 1505 cells cell NNS 1506 1508 to to TO 1509 1521 1,25-(OH)2D3 1,25-(OH)2D3 NNP 1522 1531 increased increase VBD 1532 1534 by by IN 1535 1538 200 200 CD 1538 1539 % % NN 1540 1543 the the DT 1544 1549 level level NN 1550 1552 of of IN 1553 1557 IL-1 il-1 NN 1558 1562 beta beta NN 1563 1567 mRNA mRNA NNP 1568 1576 detected detect VBN 1577 1580 and and CC 1581 1590 decreased decrease VBN 1591 1593 by by IN 1594 1599 three three CD 1600 1606 orders order NNS 1607 1609 of of IN 1610 1619 magnitude magnitude NN 1620 1623 the the DT 1624 1637 concentration concentration NN 1638 1640 of of IN 1641 1644 LPS lps NN 1645 1653 required require VBN 1654 1656 to to TO 1657 1664 achieve achieve VB 1665 1671 steady steady JJ 1672 1677 state state NN 1678 1682 mRNA mrna NN 1683 1689 levels level NNS 1690 1700 equivalent equivalent JJ 1701 1703 to to TO 1704 1709 those those DT 1710 1718 observed observe VBN 1719 1721 in in IN 1722 1727 U-937 u-937 NN 1728 1733 cells cell NNS 1734 1737 not not RB 1738 1750 preincubated preincubate VBN 1751 1755 with with IN 1756 1759 the the DT 1760 1771 hormone.2+o hormone.2+o NN