0 9 Induction Induction NNP 10 12 of of IN 13 21 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 22 23 B B NNP 24 30 during during IN 31 39 monocyte monocyte NN 40 55 differentiation differentiation NN 56 58 is be VBZ 59 69 associated associate VBN 70 74 with with IN 75 85 activation activation NN 86 88 of of IN 89 97 HIV-gene hiv-gene JJ 98 108 expression expression NN 108 109 . . . 111 116 Cells cell NNS 117 119 of of IN 120 123 the the DT 124 143 monocyte-macrophage monocyte-macrophage JJ 144 151 lineage lineage NN 152 155 are be VBP 156 165 important important JJ 166 173 targets target NNS 174 176 of of IN 177 180 HIV HIV NNP 181 190 infection infection NN 190 191 . . . 192 194 We we PRP 195 201 report report VBP 202 206 here here RB 207 211 that that IN 212 215 the the DT 216 226 phenotypic phenotypic JJ 227 242 differentiation differentiation NN 243 245 of of IN 246 254 monocyte monocyte NN 255 259 cell cell NN 260 265 lines line NNS 266 273 induced induce VBN 274 276 by by IN 277 284 phorbol phorbol NN 285 291 esters ester NNS 292 294 or or CC 295 301 tumour tumour NN 302 310 necrosis necrosis NN 311 317 factor factor NN 318 323 alpha alpha NN 324 325 ( ( ( 325 328 TNF TNF NNP 329 334 alpha alpha NN 334 335 ) ) ) 336 338 is be VBZ 339 349 associated associate VBN 350 354 with with IN 355 365 expression expression NN 366 368 of of IN 369 376 nuclear nuclear JJ 377 383 factor factor NN 384 389 kappa kappa NN 390 391 B B NNP 392 393 ( ( ( 393 401 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 402 403 B B NNP 403 404 ) ) ) 404 405 . . . 406 408 In in IN 409 417 parallel parallel NN 418 422 with with IN 423 427 such such JJ 428 443 differentiation differentiation NN 443 444 , , , 445 448 HIV HIV NNP 449 462 transcription transcription NN 462 463 , , , 464 473 monitored monitor VBN 474 479 using use VBG 480 482 an an DT 483 486 HIV HIV NNP 487 491 long long JJ 492 500 terminal terminal JJ 501 507 repeat repeat NN 508 516 reporter reporter NN 517 521 gene gene NN 522 531 construct construct NN 531 532 , , , 533 535 is be VBZ 536 545 activated activate VBN 546 548 in in IN 549 553 such such JJ 554 559 cells cell NNS 560 565 under under IN 566 569 the the DT 570 579 influence influence NN 580 582 of of IN 583 591 enhanced enhance VBN 592 600 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 601 602 B B NNP 603 613 expression expression NN 613 614 . . . 615 619 Also also RB 619 620 , , , 621 623 in in IN 624 625 a a DT 626 637 promonocyte promonocyte NN 638 642 cell cell NN 643 647 line line NN 648 659 chronically chronically RB 660 668 infected infect VBN 669 673 with with IN 674 677 HIV HIV NNP 677 678 , , , 679 687 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 688 689 B B NNP 690 700 expression expression NN 701 704 and and CC 705 708 HIV HIV NNP 709 722 transcription transcription NN 723 727 were be VBD 728 736 enhanced enhance VBN 737 739 on on IN 740 751 stimulation stimulation NN 752 756 with with IN 757 764 phorbol phorbol NN 765 770 ester ester NN 771 773 or or CC 774 777 TNF tnf NN 778 783 alpha alpha NN 783 784 . . . 785 789 Thus thus RB 789 790 , , , 791 802 stimulation stimulation NN 803 805 of of IN 806 814 monocyte monocyte NN 815 819 cell cell NN 820 825 lines line NNS 826 828 by by IN 829 836 phorbol phorbol NN 837 843 esters ester NNS 844 846 or or CC 847 850 TNF tnf NN 851 856 alpha alpha NN 857 864 induces induce VBZ 865 869 cell cell NN 870 885 differentiation differentiation NN 886 889 and and CC 890 899 activates activate VBZ 900 903 HIV HIV NNP 904 917 transcription transcription NN 917 918 . . . 919 923 Such such PDT 924 925 a a DT 926 933 process process NN 934 937 may may MD 938 942 have have VB 943 954 fundamental fundamental JJ 955 967 implications implication NNS 968 970 in in IN 971 975 AIDS AIDS NNP 976 988 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN 989 991 in in FW 992 996 vivo vivo FW 997 1000 and and CC 1001 1004 may may MD 1005 1007 be be VB 1008 1017 important important JJ 1018 1020 in in IN 1021 1028 disease disease NN 1029 1040 progression progression NN 1041 1048 induced induce VBN 1049 1051 by by IN 1052 1065 opportunistic opportunistic JJ 1066 1076 infections infection NNS 1077 1085 directly directly RB 1086 1088 or or CC 1089 1099 indirectly indirectly RB 1100 1109 involving involve VBG 1110 1121 macrophages macrophage NNS 1121 1122 . . .