0 8 Negative negative JJ 9 19 regulation regulation NN 20 22 of of IN 23 28 human human JJ 29 45 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 46 51 virus virus NN 52 56 type type NN 57 58 1 1 CD 59 69 expression expression NN 70 72 in in IN 73 82 monocytes monocyte NNS 82 83 : : : 84 88 role role NN 89 91 of of IN 92 95 the the DT 96 102 65-kDa 65-kda JJ 103 107 plus plus CC 108 114 50-kDa 50-kda JJ 115 123 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 124 125 B B NNP 126 131 dimer dimer NN 131 132 . . . 134 142 Although although IN 143 152 monocytic monocytic JJ 153 158 cells cell NNS 159 162 can can MD 163 170 provide provide VB 171 172 a a DT 173 182 reservoir reservoir NN 183 186 for for IN 187 192 viral viral JJ 193 203 production production NN 204 206 in in FW 207 211 vivo vivo FW 211 212 , , , 213 218 their their PRP$ 219 229 regulation regulation NN 230 232 of of IN 233 238 human human JJ 239 255 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 256 261 virus virus NN 262 266 type type NN 267 268 1 1 CD 269 270 ( ( ( 270 275 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 275 276 ) ) ) 277 290 transcription transcription NN 291 294 can can MD 295 297 be be VB 298 304 either either CC 305 311 latent latent JJ 311 312 , , , 313 323 restricted restricted JJ 323 324 , , , 325 327 or or CC 328 338 productive productive JJ 338 339 . . . 340 345 These these DT 346 357 differences difference NNS 358 360 in in IN 361 365 gene gene NN 366 376 expression expression NN 377 381 have have VBP 382 385 not not RB 386 390 been be VBN 391 402 molecularly molecularly RB 403 410 defined define VBN 410 411 . . . 412 414 In in IN 415 420 THP-1 thp-1 NN 421 426 cells cell NNS 427 431 with with IN 432 442 restricted restricted JJ 443 446 HIV HIV NNP 447 457 expression expression NN 457 458 , , , 459 464 there there EX 465 467 is be VBZ 468 470 an an DT 471 478 absence absence NN 479 481 of of IN 482 493 DNA-protein dna-protein JJ 494 501 binding binding NN 502 509 complex complex NN 510 519 formation formation NN 520 524 with with IN 525 528 the the DT 529 534 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 535 552 promoter-enhancer promoter-enhancer NN 553 563 associated associate VBN 564 568 with with IN 569 577 markedly markedly RB 578 582 less less JJR 583 588 viral viral JJ 589 592 RNA RNA NNP 593 603 production production NN 603 604 . . . 605 609 This this DT 610 617 absence absence NN 618 620 of of IN 621 628 binding binding NN 629 632 was be VBD 633 642 localized localized JJ 643 645 to to TO 646 649 the the DT 650 658 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 659 660 B B NNP 661 667 region region NN 668 670 of of IN 671 674 the the DT 675 680 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 681 689 enhancer enhancer NN 689 690 ; ; : 691 694 the the DT 695 701 65-kDa 65-kda JJ 702 706 plus plus CC 707 713 50-kDa 50-kda JJ 714 722 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 723 724 B B NNP 725 736 heterodimer heterodimer NN 737 740 was be VBD 741 755 preferentially preferentially RB 756 760 lost lose VBN 760 761 . . . 762 768 Adding add VBG 769 777 purified purify VBN 778 786 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 787 788 B B NNP 789 796 protein protein NN 797 799 to to TO 800 807 nuclear nuclear JJ 808 816 extracts extract NNS 817 821 from from IN 822 827 cells cell NNS 828 832 with with IN 833 843 restricted restricted JJ 844 854 expression expression NN 855 864 overcomes overcome VBZ 865 869 this this DT 870 874 lack lack NN 875 877 of of IN 878 885 binding binding NN 885 886 . . . 887 889 In in IN 890 898 addition addition NN 898 899 , , , 900 909 treatment treatment NN 910 912 of of IN 913 918 these these DT 919 926 nuclear nuclear JJ 927 935 extracts extract NNS 936 940 with with IN 941 947 sodium sodium NN 948 960 deoxycholate deoxycholate NN 961 969 restored restore VBD 970 975 their their PRP$ 976 983 ability ability NN 984 986 to to TO 987 991 form form VB 992 995 the the DT 996 1007 heterodimer heterodimer NN 1007 1008 , , , 1009 1019 suggesting suggest VBG 1020 1023 the the DT 1024 1032 presence presence NN 1033 1035 of of IN 1036 1038 an an DT 1039 1048 inhibitor inhibitor NN 1049 1051 of of IN 1052 1060 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1061 1062 B B NNP 1063 1071 activity activity NN 1071 1072 . . . 1073 1084 Furthermore furthermore RB 1084 1085 , , , 1086 1095 treatment treatment NN 1096 1098 of of IN 1099 1106 nuclear nuclear JJ 1107 1115 extracts extract NNS 1116 1120 from from IN 1121 1126 these these DT 1127 1132 cells cell NNS 1133 1137 that that WDT 1138 1141 had have VBD 1142 1152 restricted restrict VBN 1153 1163 expression expression NN 1164 1168 with with IN 1169 1187 lipopolysaccharide lipopolysaccharide NN 1188 1197 increased increase VBD 1198 1203 viral viral JJ 1204 1214 production production NN 1215 1218 and and CC 1219 1227 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1228 1229 B B NNP 1230 1238 activity activity NN 1238 1239 . . . 1240 1249 Antiserum Antiserum NNP 1250 1258 specific specific JJ 1259 1262 for for IN 1263 1271 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1272 1273 B B NNP 1274 1281 binding binding NN 1282 1290 proteins protein NNS 1290 1291 , , , 1292 1295 but but CC 1296 1299 not not RB 1300 1314 c-rel-specific c-rel-specific JJ 1315 1324 antiserum antiserum NN 1324 1325 , , , 1326 1335 disrupted disrupt VBD 1336 1347 heterodimer heterodimer NN 1348 1355 complex complex NN 1356 1365 formation formation NN 1365 1366 . . . 1367 1371 Thus thus RB 1371 1372 , , , 1373 1377 both both DT 1378 1386 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1387 1396 B-binding b-binding JJ 1397 1406 complexes complex NNS 1407 1410 are be VBP 1411 1417 needed need VBN 1418 1421 for for IN 1422 1429 optimal optimal JJ 1430 1435 viral viral JJ 1436 1449 transcription transcription NN 1449 1450 . . . 1451 1458 Binding binding NN 1459 1461 of of IN 1462 1465 the the DT 1466 1472 65-kDa 65-kda JJ 1473 1477 plus plus CC 1478 1484 50-kDa 50-kda JJ 1485 1496 heterodimer heterodimer NN 1497 1499 to to TO 1500 1503 the the DT 1504 1509 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1510 1518 enhancer enhancer NN 1519 1522 can can MD 1523 1525 be be VB 1526 1536 negatively negatively RB 1537 1546 regulated regulate VBN 1547 1549 in in IN 1550 1559 monocytes monocyte NNS 1559 1560 , , , 1561 1570 providing provide VBG 1571 1574 one one CD 1575 1584 mechanism mechanism NN 1585 1596 restricting restrict VBG 1597 1602 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1603 1607 gene gene NN 1608 1618 expression expression NN 1618 1619 . . .