0 3 The the DT 4 6 NF NF NNP 7 12 kappa kappa NN 13 14 B B NNP 15 26 independent independent JJ 27 37 cis-acting cis-acting JJ 38 47 sequences sequence NNS 48 50 in in IN 51 56 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 57 60 LTR LTR NNP 61 71 responsive responsive JJ 72 74 to to TO 75 81 T-cell t-cell NN 82 92 activation activation NN 92 93 . . . 95 98 The the DT 99 103 rate rate NN 104 106 of of IN 107 120 transcription transcription NN 121 131 initiation initiation NN 132 140 directed direct VBN 141 143 by by IN 144 147 the the DT 148 152 long long JJ 153 161 terminal terminal JJ 162 168 repeat repeat NN 169 170 ( ( ( 170 173 LTR LTR NNP 173 174 ) ) ) 175 177 of of IN 178 183 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 184 193 increases increase NNS 194 196 in in IN 197 205 response response NN 206 208 to to TO 209 218 mitogenic mitogenic JJ 219 226 stimuli stimulus NNS 227 229 of of IN 230 231 T t NN 232 237 cells cell NNS 237 238 . . . 239 243 Here here RB 244 246 we we PRP 247 251 show show VBP 252 256 that that IN 257 260 the the DT 261 269 response response NN 270 272 of of IN 273 276 the the DT 277 282 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 283 286 LTR LTR NNP 287 290 may may MD 291 293 be be VB 294 302 governed govern VBN 303 305 by by IN 306 309 two two CD 310 321 independent independent JJ 322 331 sequences sequence NNS 332 339 located located JJ 340 341 5 5 CD 341 342 ’ ' SYM 343 345 to to TO 346 349 the the DT 350 354 site site NN 355 357 of of IN 358 371 transcription transcription NN 372 382 initiation initiation NN 383 392 sequences sequence NNS 393 397 that that WDT 398 402 bind bind VBP 403 409 either either CC 410 416 NFAT-1 nfat-1 NN 417 419 or or CC 420 422 NF NF NNP 423 428 kappa kappa NN 429 431 B. B. NNP 432 435 The the DT 436 440 rate rate NN 441 443 of of IN 444 456 LTR-directed ltr-directed JJ 457 461 gene gene NN 462 472 expression expression NN 473 482 increased increase VBD 483 485 in in IN 486 494 response response NN 495 497 to to TO 498 507 treatment treatment NN 508 512 with with IN 513 519 either either CC 520 521 a a DT 522 529 phorbol phorbol NN 530 535 ester ester NN 536 538 or or CC 539 544 tumor tumor NN 545 553 necrosis necrosis NN 554 560 factor factor NN 561 566 alpha alpha NN 567 569 if if IN 570 576 either either CC 577 580 the the DT 581 587 NFAT-1 nfat-1 NN 588 590 or or CC 591 593 NF NF NNP 594 599 kappa kappa NN 600 601 B B NNP 602 609 binding binding NN 610 615 sites site NNS 616 620 were be VBD 621 628 deleted delete VBN 628 629 , , , 630 633 but but CC 634 640 failed fail VBD 641 643 to to TO 644 651 respond respond VB 652 654 to to TO 655 660 these these DT 661 670 mitogenic mitogenic JJ 671 678 stimuli stimulus NNS 679 681 if if IN 682 686 both both DT 687 696 sequences sequence NNS 697 701 were be VBD 702 708 absent absent JJ 708 709 . . . 710 713 The the DT 714 719 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 720 726 mutant mutant JJ 727 732 virus virus NN 733 743 containing contain VBG 744 748 both both CC 749 751 NF NF NNP 752 757 kappa kappa NN 758 759 B B NNP 760 763 and and CC 764 770 NFAT-1 nfat-1 NN 771 779 deletion deletion NN 780 783 was be VBD 784 788 able able JJ 789 791 to to TO 792 801 replicate replicate VB 802 810 although although IN 811 813 at at IN 814 815 a a DT 816 820 much much RB 821 830 decreased decrease VBN 831 837 growth growth NN 838 842 rate rate NN 842 843 , , , 844 849 while while IN 850 853 the the DT 854 862 deletion deletion NN 863 865 of of IN 866 872 NFAT-1 NFAT-1 NNP 873 878 alone alone RB 879 888 increased increase VBD 889 892 the the DT 893 898 viral viral JJ 899 905 growth growth NN 906 910 rate rate NN 911 913 in in IN 914 920 Jurkat Jurkat NNP 921 926 cells cell NNS 926 927 . . . 928 935 Neither neither CC 936 944 deletion deletion NN 945 947 of of IN 948 950 NF NF NNP 951 956 kappa kappa NN 957 958 B B NNP 959 962 nor nor CC 963 971 deletion deletion NN 972 974 of of IN 975 981 NFAT-1 NFAT-1 NNP 982 991 decreased decrease VBD 992 1002 activation activation NN 1003 1005 of of IN 1006 1011 viral viral JJ 1012 1023 replication replication NN 1024 1026 by by IN 1027 1034 phorbol phorbol NN 1035 1040 ester ester NN 1040 1041 . . .