0 3 HIV HIV NNP 4 12 enhancer enhancer NN 13 21 activity activity NN 22 33 perpetuated perpetuate VBN 34 36 by by IN 37 45 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 46 47 B B NNP 48 57 induction induction NN 58 60 on on IN 61 70 infection infection NN 71 73 of of IN 74 83 monocytes monocyte NNS 84 85 [ [ ( 85 88 see see VB 89 97 comments comment NNS 97 98 ] ] ) 100 114 Permissiveness permissiveness NN 115 117 to to TO 118 129 replication replication NN 130 132 of of IN 133 138 human human JJ 139 155 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 156 161 virus virus NN 162 163 ( ( ( 163 166 HIV HIV NNP 166 167 ) ) ) 168 175 differs differ VBZ 176 178 in in IN 179 180 T t NN 181 192 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS 193 196 and and CC 197 208 macrophages macrophage NNS 208 209 . . . 210 212 In in IN 213 214 T t NN 215 220 cells cell NNS 220 221 , , , 222 225 HIV HIV NNP 226 239 transcription transcription NN 240 242 is be VBZ 243 249 poorly poorly RB 250 258 detected detect VBN 259 261 in in FW 262 266 vivo vivo FW 266 267 . . . 268 274 Cloned clone VBN 274 275 , , , 276 282 normal normal JJ 283 284 T t NN 285 296 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS 297 301 show show VBP 302 306 very very RB 307 313 little little JJ 313 314 , , , 315 317 if if IN 318 321 any any DT 321 322 , , , 323 328 basal basal JJ 329 337 activity activity NN 338 340 of of IN 341 344 the the DT 345 348 HIV HIV NNP 349 357 enhancer enhancer NN 358 361 and and CC 362 365 low low JJ 366 373 nuclear nuclear JJ 374 384 expression expression NN 385 387 of of IN 388 396 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 397 398 B B NNP 398 399 , , , 400 401 a a DT 402 408 potent potent JJ 409 424 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 425 434 activator activator NN 435 437 of of IN 438 441 the the DT 442 445 HIV HIV NNP 446 454 enhancer enhancer NN 454 455 . . . 456 458 In in IN 459 467 contrast contrast NN 467 468 , , , 469 474 fixed fixed JJ 475 481 tissue tissue NN 482 493 macrophages macrophage NNS 494 501 express express VBP 502 512 detectable detectable JJ 513 516 HIV HIV NNP 517 525 proteins protein NNS 525 526 , , , 527 537 indicating indicate VBG 538 547 permanent permanent JJ 548 553 virus virus NN 554 567 transcription transcription NN 567 568 . . . 569 572 One one CD 573 584 explanation explanation NN 585 588 for for IN 589 592 the the DT 593 605 perpetuation perpetuation NN 606 608 of of IN 609 614 virus virus NN 615 624 infection infection NN 625 627 in in IN 628 639 macrophages macrophage NNS 640 645 could could MD 646 648 be be VB 649 658 sustained sustain VBN 659 666 nuclear nuclear JJ 667 675 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 676 677 B B NNP 678 688 expression expression NN 688 689 . . . 690 697 However however RB 697 698 , , , 699 702 the the DT 703 707 U937 u937 NN 708 717 monocytic monocytic JJ 718 722 cell cell NN 723 727 line line NN 727 728 , , , 729 734 which which WDT 735 737 is be VBZ 738 743 fully fully RB 744 754 permissive permissive JJ 755 757 to to TO 758 761 HIV HIV NNP 762 773 replication replication NN 773 774 , , , 775 777 is be VBZ 778 783 known know VBN 784 786 to to TO 787 794 express express VB 795 799 only only RB 800 803 low low JJ 804 810 levels level NNS 811 813 of of IN 814 821 nuclear nuclear JJ 822 830 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 831 833 B. B. NNP 834 836 We we PRP 837 841 show show VBP 842 846 here here RB 847 851 that that IN 852 859 chronic chronic JJ 860 863 HIV HIV NNP 864 873 infection infection NN 874 881 results result VBZ 882 884 in in IN 885 889 both both CC 890 899 induction induction NN 900 902 of of IN 903 904 a a DT 905 912 nuclear nuclear JJ 913 919 factor factor NN 920 924 with with IN 925 934 antigenic antigenic JJ 935 945 properties property NNS 946 963 indistinguishable indistinguishable JJ 964 968 from from IN 969 974 those those DT 975 977 of of IN 978 986 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 987 988 B B NNP 989 992 and and CC 993 1004 permanently permanently RB 1005 1014 increased increase VBN 1015 1018 HIV HIV NNP 1019 1027 enhancer enhancer NN 1028 1036 activity activity NN 1036 1037 . . . 1038 1042 This this DT 1043 1053 phenomenon phenomenon NN 1053 1054 , , , 1055 1060 which which WDT 1061 1063 is be VBZ 1064 1075 independent independent JJ 1076 1078 of of IN 1079 1085 tumour tumour NN 1086 1094 necrosis necrosis NN 1095 1101 factor factor NN 1101 1102 , , , 1103 1105 is be VBZ 1106 1116 associated associate VBN 1117 1121 with with IN 1122 1125 HIV HIV NNP 1126 1137 replication replication NN 1137 1138 , , , 1139 1142 and and CC 1143 1145 is be VBZ 1146 1150 thus thus RB 1151 1157 likely likely JJ 1158 1160 to to TO 1161 1168 explain explain VB 1169 1171 at at IN 1172 1177 least least JJS 1178 1180 in in IN 1181 1185 part part NN 1186 1189 the the DT 1190 1202 perpetuation perpetuation NN 1203 1205 of of IN 1206 1209 HIV HIV NNP 1210 1219 infection infection NN 1220 1222 in in IN 1223 1232 monocytes monocyte NNS 1232 1233 . . .