0 12 Purification Purification NNP 13 15 of of IN 16 21 TCF-1 tcf-1 NN 22 27 alpha alpha NN 27 28 , , , 29 30 a a DT 31 46 T-cell-specific t-cell-specific JJ 47 60 transcription transcription NN 61 67 factor factor NN 68 72 that that WDT 73 82 activates activate VBZ 83 86 the the DT 87 93 T-cell t-cell NN 94 102 receptor receptor NN 103 104 C C NNP 105 110 alpha alpha NN 111 115 gene gene NN 116 124 enhancer enhancer NN 125 127 in in IN 128 129 a a DT 130 147 context-dependent context-dependent JJ 148 154 manner manner NN 154 155 . . . 157 160 The the DT 161 176 differentiation differentiation NN 177 179 of of IN 180 181 T t NN 182 187 cells cell NNS 188 192 into into IN 193 205 functionally functionally RB 206 213 diverse diverse JJ 214 228 subpopulations subpopulation NNS 229 231 is be VBZ 232 242 controlled control VBN 243 245 in in IN 246 250 part part NN 250 251 , , , 252 254 by by IN 255 270 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 271 281 activation activation NN 282 285 and and CC 286 295 silencing silencing NN 295 296 ; ; : 297 304 however however RB 304 305 , , , 306 312 little little JJ 313 315 is be VBZ 316 321 known know VBN 322 324 in in IN 325 331 detail detail NN 332 337 about about IN 338 341 the the DT 342 350 proteins protein NNS 351 355 that that WDT 356 365 influence influence VBP 366 370 this this DT 371 384 developmental developmental JJ 385 392 process process NN 392 393 . . . 394 396 We we PRP 397 401 have have VBP 402 410 purified purify VBN 411 412 a a DT 413 416 new new JJ 417 432 T-cell-specific t-cell-specific JJ 433 439 factor factor NN 439 440 , , , 441 446 TCF-1 tcf-1 NN 447 452 alpha alpha NN 452 453 , , , 454 458 that that WDT 459 461 is be VBZ 462 472 implicated implicate VBN 473 475 in in IN 476 479 the the DT 480 490 activation activation NN 491 493 of of IN 494 499 genes gene NNS 500 508 encoding encode VBG 509 510 a a DT 511 516 major major JJ 517 526 component component NN 527 529 of of IN 530 533 the the DT 534 539 human human JJ 540 546 T-cell t-cell NN 547 555 receptor receptor NN 556 557 ( ( ( 557 560 TCR TCR NNP 560 561 ) ) ) 561 562 . . . 563 568 TCF-1 tcf-1 NN 569 574 alpha alpha NN 574 575 , , , 576 586 originally originally RB 587 597 identified identify VBN 598 601 and and CC 602 610 purified purify VBN 611 618 through through IN 619 622 its its PRP$ 623 630 binding bind VBG 631 636 sites site NNS 637 639 on on IN 640 643 the the DT 644 649 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 650 658 promoter promoter NN 658 659 , , , 660 663 was be VBD 664 669 found find VBN 670 672 to to TO 673 677 bind bind VB 678 680 to to TO 681 684 the the DT 685 688 TCR TCR NNP 689 694 alpha alpha NN 695 703 enhancer enhancer NN 704 707 and and CC 708 710 to to TO 711 720 promoters promoter NNS 721 724 for for IN 725 732 several several JJ 733 738 genes gene NNS 739 748 expressed express VBN 749 751 at at IN 752 765 significantly significantly RB 766 773 earlier early JJR 774 780 stages stage NNS 781 783 of of IN 784 790 T-cell t-cell NN 791 802 development development NN 803 807 than than IN 808 811 the the DT 812 815 TCR TCR NNP 816 821 alpha alpha NN 822 826 gene gene NN 827 828 ( ( ( 828 832 e.g. e.g. FW 832 833 , , , 834 840 p56lck p56lck NN 841 844 and and CC 845 848 CD3 cd3 NN 849 854 delta delta NN 854 855 ) ) ) 855 856 . . . 857 866 Sequences sequence NNS 867 874 related relate VBN 875 877 to to TO 878 881 the the DT 882 887 TCF-1 tcf-1 NN 888 893 alpha alpha NN 894 901 binding binding NN 902 907 motif motif NN 908 909 ( ( ( 909 926 5’-GGCACCCTTTGA-3 5'-GGCACCCTTTGA-3 NNP 926 927 ’ ' '' 927 928 ) ) ) 929 932 are be VBP 933 937 also also RB 938 943 found find VBN 944 946 in in IN 947 950 the the DT 951 956 human human JJ 957 960 TCR TCR NNP 961 966 delta delta NN 967 968 ( ( ( 968 971 and and CC 972 980 possibly possibly RB 981 984 TCR TCR NNP 985 989 beta beta NN 989 990 ) ) ) 991 1000 enhancers enhancer NNS 1000 1001 . . . 1002 1014 Southwestern Southwestern NNP 1015 1018 and and CC 1019 1022 gel gel NN 1023 1035 renaturation renaturation NN 1036 1047 experiments experiment NNS 1048 1052 with with IN 1053 1056 the the DT 1057 1060 use use NN 1061 1063 of of IN 1064 1072 purified purify VBN 1073 1080 protein protein NN 1081 1090 fractions fraction NNS 1091 1099 revealed reveal VBD 1100 1104 that that IN 1105 1110 TCF-1 tcf-1 NN 1111 1116 alpha alpha NN 1117 1125 activity activity NN 1126 1128 is be VBZ 1129 1136 derived derive VBN 1137 1141 from from IN 1142 1143 a a DT 1144 1150 family family NN 1151 1153 of of IN 1154 1157 57- 57- CD 1158 1160 to to TO 1161 1166 53-kD 53-kd JJ 1167 1175 proteins protein NNS 1176 1180 that that WDT 1181 1184 are be VBP 1185 1195 abundantly abundantly RB 1196 1205 expressed express VBN 1206 1208 in in IN 1209 1215 mature mature JJ 1216 1219 and and CC 1220 1228 immature immature JJ 1229 1235 T-cell t-cell NN 1236 1241 lines line NNS 1242 1243 ( ( ( 1243 1249 Jurkat Jurkat NNP 1249 1250 , , , 1251 1259 CCRF-CEM CCRF-CEM NNP 1259 1260 ) ) ) 1261 1264 and and CC 1265 1268 not not RB 1269 1271 in in IN 1272 1278 mature mature JJ 1279 1280 B B NNP 1281 1286 cells cell NNS 1287 1288 ( ( ( 1288 1290 JY JY NNP 1290 1291 , , , 1292 1299 Namalwa Namalwa NNP 1299 1300 ) ) ) 1301 1303 or or CC 1304 1315 nonlymphoid nonlymphoid JJ 1316 1317 ( ( ( 1317 1321 HeLa HeLa NNP 1321 1322 ) ) ) 1323 1327 cell cell NN 1328 1333 lines line NNS 1333 1334 . . . 1335 1336 A a DT 1337 1342 small small JJ 1343 1348 95-bp 95-bp JJ 1349 1357 fragment fragment NN 1358 1360 of of IN 1361 1364 the the DT 1365 1368 TCR TCR NNP 1369 1374 alpha alpha NN 1375 1382 control control NN 1383 1389 region region NN 1390 1394 that that WDT 1395 1403 contains contain VBZ 1404 1407 the the DT 1408 1413 TCF-1 tcf-1 NN 1414 1419 alpha alpha NN 1420 1427 binding binding NN 1428 1432 site site NN 1433 1443 juxtaposed juxtapose VBN 1444 1451 between between IN 1452 1453 a a DT 1454 1467 cAMP-response camp-response JJ 1468 1475 element element NN 1476 1477 ( ( ( 1477 1480 the the DT 1481 1484 CRE cre NN 1485 1487 or or CC 1488 1489 T t NN 1490 1495 alpha alpha SYM 1496 1497 1 1 CD 1498 1503 motif motif NN 1503 1504 ) ) ) 1505 1508 and and CC 1509 1512 the the DT 1513 1520 binding bind VBG 1521 1525 site site NN 1526 1529 for for IN 1530 1531 a a DT 1532 1540 distinct distinct JJ 1541 1558 lymphoid-specific lymphoid-specific JJ 1559 1566 protein protein NN 1567 1568 ( ( ( 1568 1573 TCF-2 tcf-2 NN 1574 1579 alpha alpha NN 1579 1580 ) ) ) 1581 1588 behaved behave VBD 1589 1591 as as IN 1592 1593 a a DT 1594 1600 potent potent JJ 1601 1616 T-cell-specific t-cell-specific JJ 1617 1625 enhancer enhancer NN 1626 1628 in in FW 1629 1633 vivo vivo FW 1633 1634 . . . 1635 1641 Tandem tandem JJ 1642 1648 copies copy NNS 1649 1651 of of IN 1652 1656 this this DT 1657 1665 enhancer enhancer NN 1666 1676 functioned function VBD 1677 1692 synergistically synergistically RB 1693 1695 in in IN 1696 1702 mature mature JJ 1703 1704 ( ( ( 1704 1710 Jurkat Jurkat NNP 1710 1711 ) ) ) 1712 1718 T-cell t-cell NN 1719 1724 lines line NNS 1725 1727 as as RB 1728 1732 well well RB 1733 1735 as as IN 1736 1743 resting rest VBG 1744 1747 and and CC 1748 1757 activated activate VBN 1758 1766 immature immature JJ 1767 1768 ( ( ( 1768 1776 CCRF-CEM CCRF-CEM NNP 1776 1777 ) ) ) 1778 1784 T-cell t-cell NN 1785 1790 lines line NNS 1790 1791 . . . 1792 1800 Mutation mutation NN 1801 1803 of of IN 1804 1807 the the DT 1808 1813 TCF-1 tcf-1 NN 1814 1819 alpha alpha NN 1820 1827 binding binding NN 1828 1832 site site NN 1833 1843 diminished diminish VBD 1844 1852 enhancer enhancer NN 1853 1861 activity activity NN 1862 1865 and and CC 1866 1875 disrupted disrupt VBD 1876 1879 the the DT 1880 1889 synergism synergism NN 1890 1898 observed observe VBN 1899 1901 in in FW 1902 1906 vivo vivo FW 1907 1914 between between IN 1915 1921 tandem tandem JJ 1922 1930 enhancer enhancer NN 1931 1938 repeats repeat NNS 1938 1939 . . . 1940 1943 The the DT 1944 1949 TCF-1 tcf-1 NN 1950 1955 alpha alpha NN 1956 1963 binding binding NN 1964 1968 site site NN 1969 1972 was be VBD 1973 1977 also also RB 1978 1986 required require VBN 1987 1990 for for IN 1991 1994 TCR TCR NNP 1995 2000 alpha alpha NN 2001 2009 enhancer enhancer NN 2010 2018 activity activity NN 2019 2021 in in IN 2022 2039 transcriptionally transcriptionally RB 2040 2046 active active JJ 2047 2055 extracts extract NNS 2056 2060 from from IN 2061 2067 Jurkat Jurkat NNP 2068 2071 but but CC 2072 2075 not not RB 2076 2080 HeLa HeLa NNP 2081 2086 cells cell NNS 2086 2087 , , , 2088 2098 confirming confirm VBG 2099 2103 that that IN 2104 2109 TCF-1 tcf-1 NN 2110 2115 alpha alpha NN 2116 2118 is be VBZ 2119 2120 a a DT 2121 2136 T-cell-specific t-cell-specific JJ 2137 2150 transcription transcription NN 2151 2157 factor factor NN 2157 2158 . . . 2159 2168 Curiously curiously RB 2168 2169 , , , 2170 2173 the the DT 2174 2179 TCF-1 tcf-1 NN 2180 2185 alpha alpha NN 2186 2193 binding binding NN 2194 2201 element element NN 2202 2205 was be VBD 2206 2214 inactive inactive JJ 2215 2217 in in FW 2218 2222 vivo vivo FW 2223 2227 when when WRB 2228 2235 removed remove VBN 2236 2240 from from IN 2241 2244 its its PRP$ 2245 2256 neighboring neighbor VBG 2257 2265 elements element NNS 2266 2268 on on IN 2269 2272 the the DT 2273 2276 TCR TCR NNP 2277 2282 alpha alpha NN 2283 2291 enhancer enhancer NN 2292 2295 and and CC 2296 2306 positioned position VBN 2307 2309 in in IN 2310 2313 one one CD 2314 2316 or or CC 2317 2321 more more JJR 2322 2328 copies copy NNS 2329 2337 upstream upstream RB 2338 2340 of of IN 2341 2342 a a DT 2343 2355 heterologous heterologous JJ 2356 2364 promoter promoter NN 2364 2365 . . . 2366 2370 Thus thus RB 2370 2371 , , , 2372 2375 the the DT 2376 2391 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 2392 2400 activity activity NN 2401 2403 of of IN 2404 2409 TCF-1 tcf-1 NN 2410 2415 alpha alpha NN 2416 2423 appears appear VBZ 2424 2426 to to TO 2427 2433 depend depend VB 2434 2436 on on IN 2437 2440 the the DT 2441 2446 TCF-2 tcf-2 NN 2447 2452 alpha alpha NN 2453 2456 and and CC 2457 2458 T t NN 2459 2464 alpha alpha NN 2465 2466 1 1 CD 2467 2468 ( ( ( 2468 2472 CREB CREB NNP 2472 2473 ) ) ) 2474 2487 transcription transcription NN 2488 2495 factors factor NNS 2496 2499 and and CC 2500 2503 the the DT 2504 2511 context context NN 2512 2514 of of IN 2515 2518 its its PRP$ 2519 2526 binding bind VBG 2527 2531 site site NN 2532 2538 within within IN 2539 2542 the the DT 2543 2546 TCR TCR NNP 2547 2552 alpha alpha NN 2553 2561 enhancer enhancer NN 2561 2562 . . .