0 16 Alpha-tocopherol Alpha-tocopherol NNP 17 25 inhibits inhibit VBZ 26 41 agonist-induced agonist-induced JJ 42 51 monocytic monocytic JJ 52 56 cell cell NN 57 65 adhesion adhesion NN 66 68 to to TO 69 77 cultured culture VBN 78 83 human human JJ 84 95 endothelial endothelial JJ 96 101 cells cell NNS 101 102 . . . 104 116 Antioxidants antioxidant NNS 117 121 have have VBP 122 126 been be VBN 127 135 proposed propose VBN 136 138 to to TO 139 141 be be VB 142 162 anti-atherosclerotic anti-atherosclerotic JJ 163 169 agents agent NNS 169 170 ; ; : 171 178 however however RB 178 179 , , , 180 183 the the DT 184 194 mechanisms mechanism NNS 195 205 underlying underlie VBG 206 211 their their PRP$ 212 222 beneficial beneficial JJ 223 230 effects effect NNS 231 234 are be VBP 235 241 poorly poorly RB 242 252 understood understand VBN 252 253 . . . 254 256 We we PRP 257 261 have have VBP 262 270 examined examine VBN 271 274 the the DT 275 281 effect effect NN 282 284 of of IN 285 301 alpha-tocopherol alpha-tocopherol NN 302 303 ( ( ( 303 312 alpha-tcp alpha-tcp NN 312 313 ) ) ) 314 316 on on IN 317 320 one one CD 321 329 cellular cellular JJ 330 335 event event NN 336 338 in in IN 339 354 atherosclerotic atherosclerotic JJ 355 361 plaque plaque NN 362 373 development development NN 373 374 , , , 375 383 monocyte monocyte NN 384 392 adhesion adhesion NN 393 395 to to TO 396 406 stimulated stimulate VBN 407 418 endothelial endothelial JJ 419 424 cells cell NNS 425 426 ( ( ( 426 429 ECs EC NNP 429 430 ) ) ) 430 431 . . . 432 437 Human human JJ 438 447 umbilical umbilical JJ 448 452 vein vein NN 453 456 ECs ec NNS 457 461 were be VBD 462 472 pretreated pretreate VBN 473 477 with with IN 478 487 alpha-tcp alpha-tcp NN 488 494 before before IN 495 506 stimulation stimulation NN 507 511 with with IN 512 517 known known JJ 518 526 agonists agonist NNS 527 529 of of IN 530 538 monocyte monocyte NN 539 547 adhesion adhesion NN 547 548 : : : 549 553 IL-1 IL-1 NNP 554 555 ( ( ( 555 557 10 10 CD 558 563 ng/ml ng/ml NN 563 564 ) ) ) 564 565 , , , 566 569 LPS LPS NNP 570 571 ( ( ( 571 573 10 10 CD 574 579 ng/ml ng/ml NN 579 580 ) ) ) 580 581 , , , 582 590 thrombin thrombin NN 591 592 ( ( ( 592 594 30 30 CD 595 599 U/ml U/ml NNP 599 600 ) ) ) 600 601 , , , 602 604 or or CC 605 608 PMA PMA NNP 609 610 ( ( ( 610 612 10 10 CD 613 615 nM nM NNP 615 616 ) ) ) 616 617 . . . 618 633 Agonist-induced agonist-induced JJ 634 643 monocytic monocytic JJ 644 648 cell cell NN 649 657 adhesion adhesion NN 657 658 , , , 659 662 but but CC 663 666 not not RB 667 672 basal basal JJ 673 681 adhesion adhesion NN 681 682 , , , 683 686 was be VBD 687 696 inhibited inhibit VBN 697 699 in in IN 700 701 a a DT 702 707 time- time- NN 708 711 and and CC 712 735 concentration-dependent concentration-dependent JJ 736 742 manner manner NN 743 745 by by IN 746 755 alpha-tcp alpha-tcp NN 755 756 . . . 757 760 The the DT 761 765 IC50 ic50 NN 766 768 of of IN 769 778 alpha-tcp alpha-tcp NN 779 781 on on IN 782 784 an an DT 785 797 IL-1-induced il-1-induced JJ 798 806 response response NN 807 810 was be VBD 811 813 45 45 CD 814 820 microM microM NNP 820 821 . . . 822 825 The the DT 826 836 inhibition inhibition NN 837 847 correlated correlate VBD 848 852 with with IN 853 854 a a DT 855 863 decrease decrease NN 864 866 in in IN 867 873 steady steady JJ 874 879 state state NN 880 886 levels level NNS 887 889 of of IN 890 900 E-selectin E-selectin NNP 901 905 mRNA mRNA NNP 906 909 and and CC 910 914 cell cell NN 915 922 surface surface NN 923 933 expression expression NN 934 936 of of IN 937 947 E-selectin E-selectin NNP 948 953 which which WDT 954 956 is be VBZ 957 967 consistent consistent JJ 968 972 with with IN 973 976 the the DT 977 984 ability ability NN 985 987 of of IN 988 989 a a DT 990 1000 monoclonal monoclonal JJ 1001 1009 antibody antibody NN 1010 1012 to to TO 1013 1023 E-selectin E-selectin NNP 1024 1026 to to TO 1027 1034 inhibit inhibit VB 1035 1044 monocytic monocytic JJ 1045 1049 cell cell NN 1050 1058 adhesion adhesion NN 1059 1061 in in IN 1062 1066 this this DT 1067 1073 system system NN 1073 1074 . . . 1075 1083 Probucol Probucol NNP 1084 1085 ( ( ( 1085 1087 50 50 CD 1088 1094 microM microM NNP 1094 1095 ) ) ) 1096 1099 and and CC 1100 1116 N-acetylcysteine N-acetylcysteine NNP 1117 1118 ( ( ( 1118 1120 20 20 CD 1121 1123 mM mM NNP 1123 1124 ) ) ) 1125 1129 also also RB 1130 1139 inhibited inhibit VBD 1140 1155 agonist-induced agonist-induced JJ 1156 1165 monocytic monocytic JJ 1166 1170 cell cell NN 1171 1179 adhesion adhesion NN 1179 1180 ; ; : 1181 1188 whereas whereas IN 1188 1189 , , , 1190 1197 several several JJ 1198 1203 other other JJ 1204 1216 antioxidants antioxidant NNS 1217 1220 had have VBD 1221 1223 no no DT 1224 1235 significant significant JJ 1236 1242 effect effect NN 1242 1243 . . . 1244 1251 Protein protein NN 1252 1258 kinase kinase NNP 1259 1260 C C NNP 1261 1262 ( ( ( 1262 1265 PKC PKC NNP 1265 1266 ) ) ) 1267 1271 does do VBZ 1272 1275 not not RB 1276 1282 appear appear VB 1283 1285 to to TO 1286 1290 play play VB 1291 1292 a a DT 1293 1297 role role NN 1298 1300 in in IN 1301 1304 the the DT 1305 1314 alpha-tcp alpha-tcp NN 1315 1321 effect effect NN 1322 1327 since since IN 1328 1330 no no DT 1331 1342 suppression suppression NN 1343 1345 of of IN 1346 1361 phosphorylation phosphorylation NN 1362 1364 of of IN 1365 1368 PKC PKC NNP 1369 1379 substrates substrate NNS 1380 1383 was be VBD 1384 1392 observed observe VBN 1392 1393 . . . 1394 1404 Activation Activation NNP 1405 1407 of of IN 1408 1411 the the DT 1412 1425 transcription transcription NN 1426 1432 factor factor NN 1433 1441 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1442 1443 B B NNP 1444 1446 is be VBZ 1447 1455 reported report VBN 1456 1458 to to TO 1459 1461 be be VB 1462 1471 necessary necessary JJ 1472 1475 but but CC 1476 1479 not not RB 1480 1490 sufficient sufficient JJ 1491 1494 for for IN 1495 1505 E-selectin E-selectin NNP 1506 1516 expression expression NN 1517 1519 in in IN 1520 1523 EC. EC. NNP 1524 1539 Electrophoretic electrophoretic JJ 1540 1548 mobility mobility NN 1549 1554 shift shift NN 1555 1561 assays assay NNS 1562 1568 failed fail VBD 1569 1571 to to TO 1572 1576 show show VB 1577 1579 an an DT 1580 1597 alpha-tcp-induced alpha-tcp-induced JJ 1598 1606 decrease decrease NN 1607 1609 in in IN 1610 1620 activation activation NN 1621 1623 of of IN 1624 1628 this this DT 1629 1642 transcription transcription NN 1643 1649 factor factor NN 1650 1655 after after IN 1656 1664 cytokine cytokine NN 1665 1676 stimulation stimulation NN 1676 1677 . . . 1678 1680 It it PRP 1681 1684 has have VBZ 1685 1689 been be VBN 1690 1702 hypothesized hypothesize VBN 1703 1707 that that IN 1708 1717 alpha-tcp alpha-tcp NN 1718 1722 acts act VBZ 1723 1725 as as IN 1726 1728 an an DT 1729 1749 anti-atherosclerotic anti-atherosclerotic JJ 1750 1758 molecule molecule NN 1759 1761 by by IN 1762 1772 inhibiting inhibit VBG 1773 1783 generation generation NN 1784 1786 of of IN 1787 1795 oxidized oxidize VBN 1796 1802 LDL–a LDL–a NNP 1803 1811 putative putative JJ 1812 1822 triggering trigger VBG 1823 1831 molecule molecule NN 1832 1834 in in IN 1835 1838 the the DT 1839 1854 atherosclerotic atherosclerotic JJ 1855 1862 process process NN 1862 1863 . . . 1864 1867 Our our PRP$ 1868 1875 results result NNS 1876 1881 point point VBP 1882 1884 to to TO 1885 1886 a a DT 1887 1892 novel novel JJ 1893 1904 alternative alternative JJ 1905 1914 mechanism mechanism NN 1915 1917 of of IN 1918 1924 action action NN 1925 1927 of of IN 1928 1937 alpha-tcp alpha-tcp NN 1937 1938 . . .