0 10 Triggering triggering NN 11 13 of of IN 14 24 complement complement NN 25 34 receptors receptor NNS 35 38 CR1 cr1 NN 39 40 ( ( ( 40 44 CD35 CD35 NNP 44 45 ) ) ) 46 49 and and CC 50 53 CR3 CR3 NNP 54 55 ( ( ( 55 65 CD11b/CD18 cd11b/cd18 NN 65 66 ) ) ) 67 74 induces induce VBZ 75 82 nuclear nuclear JJ 83 96 translocation translocation NN 97 99 of of IN 100 108 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 109 110 B B NNP 111 112 ( ( ( 112 119 p50/p65 p50/p65 NN 119 120 ) ) ) 121 123 in in IN 124 129 human human JJ 130 139 monocytes monocyte NNS 140 143 and and CC 144 152 enhances enhance VBZ 153 158 viral viral JJ 159 170 replication replication NN 171 173 in in IN 174 186 HIV-infected hiv-infected JJ 187 196 monocytic monocytic JJ 197 202 cells cell NNS 202 203 . . . 205 225 Monocyte/macrophages Monocyte/macrophage NNPS 226 229 may may MD 230 236 harbor harbor VB 237 240 HIV HIV NNP 241 243 in in IN 244 245 a a DT 246 259 nonproductive nonproductive JJ 260 267 fashion fashion NN 268 271 for for IN 272 281 prolonged prolonged JJ 282 289 periods period NNS 290 292 of of IN 293 297 time time NN 297 298 . . . 299 304 Viral viral JJ 305 309 gene gene NN 310 320 expression expression NN 321 324 may may MD 325 327 be be VB 328 339 reactivated reactivate VBN 340 342 by by IN 343 354 stimulation stimulation NN 355 357 of of IN 358 361 the the DT 362 367 cells cell NNS 368 372 with with IN 373 376 LPS lps NN 377 379 or or CC 380 389 cytokines cytokine NNS 390 394 such such JJ 395 397 as as IN 398 407 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 408 410 in in FW 411 416 vitro vitro FW 416 417 . . . 418 421 The the DT 422 428 effect effect NN 429 431 of of IN 432 435 LPS LPS NNP 436 439 and and CC 440 449 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 450 452 is be VBZ 453 461 mediated mediate VBN 462 464 by by IN 465 470 their their PRP$ 471 478 ability ability NN 479 481 to to TO 482 488 induce induce VB 489 496 nuclear nuclear JJ 497 510 translocation translocation NN 511 513 of of IN 514 517 the the DT 518 529 DNA-binding dna-binding JJ 530 541 heterodimer heterodimer NN 542 550 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 551 552 B B NNP 553 554 ( ( ( 554 561 p50/p65 p50/p65 NN 561 562 ) ) ) 562 563 , , , 564 569 which which WDT 570 575 binds bind VBZ 576 578 to to TO 579 580 a a DT 581 589 specific specific JJ 590 598 sequence sequence NN 599 601 in in IN 602 605 the the DT 606 614 HIV-long hiv-long JJ 615 623 terminal terminal JJ 624 630 repeat repeat NN 630 631 . . . 632 635 The the DT 636 643 present present JJ 644 649 study study NN 650 662 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ 663 667 that that IN 668 678 triggering triggering NN 679 681 of of IN 682 692 complement complement NN 693 702 receptors receptor NNS 703 706 CR1 cr1 NN 707 708 ( ( ( 708 712 CD35 CD35 NNP 712 713 ) ) ) 714 717 and and CC 718 721 CR3 CR3 NNP 722 723 ( ( ( 723 733 CD11b/CD18 cd11b/cd18 NN 733 734 ) ) ) 735 743 enhances enhance VBZ 744 749 viral viral JJ 750 761 replication replication NN 762 764 in in IN 765 777 HIV-infected hiv-infected JJ 778 783 human human JJ 784 793 monocytic monocytic JJ 794 799 cells cell NNS 799 800 . . . 801 810 Monocytic monocytic JJ 811 815 cell cell NN 816 821 lines line NNS 822 825 and and CC 826 832 normal normal JJ 833 843 peripheral peripheral JJ 844 849 blood blood NN 850 859 monocytes monocyte NNS 860 864 were be VBD 865 873 infected infect VBN 874 878 with with IN 879 884 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 885 887 in in FW 888 893 vitro vitro FW 894 897 and and CC 898 906 cultured culture VBN 907 909 in in IN 910 913 the the DT 914 922 presence presence NN 923 925 or or CC 926 933 absence absence NN 934 936 of of IN 937 944 F(ab’)2 f(ab')2 NN 945 954 fragments fragment NNS 955 957 of of IN 958 968 monoclonal monoclonal JJ 969 977 anti-CR1 anti-cr1 JJ 978 980 or or CC 981 989 anti-CR3 anti-cr3 JJ 990 993 Abs ab NNS 994 996 or or CC 997 1001 with with IN 1002 1004 C3 c3 NN 1005 1014 fragments fragment NNS 1014 1015 . . . 1016 1027 Stimulation stimulation NN 1028 1030 of of IN 1031 1034 CR1 CR1 NNP 1035 1037 or or CC 1038 1041 CR3 CR3 NNP 1042 1049 induces induce VBZ 1050 1051 a a DT 1052 1056 two- two- CD 1057 1059 to to TO 1060 1068 fourfold fourfold JJ 1069 1077 increase increase NN 1078 1080 in in IN 1081 1084 the the DT 1085 1091 amount amount NN 1092 1094 of of IN 1095 1110 cell-associated cell-associated JJ 1111 1114 and and CC 1115 1123 released release VBN 1124 1127 p24 p24 NN 1128 1130 Ag ag NN 1131 1133 in in IN 1134 1138 cell cell NN 1139 1147 cultures culture NNS 1148 1152 that that WDT 1153 1156 was be VBD 1157 1167 equivalent equivalent JJ 1168 1170 to to TO 1171 1175 that that DT 1176 1184 observed observe VBN 1185 1187 in in IN 1188 1195 control control NN 1196 1204 cultures culture NNS 1205 1214 triggered trigger VBN 1215 1219 with with IN 1220 1223 LPS LPS NNP 1223 1224 . . . 1225 1227 We we PRP 1228 1235 further further RB 1236 1244 observed observe VBD 1245 1249 that that IN 1250 1261 stimulation stimulation NN 1262 1264 of of IN 1265 1268 CR1 CR1 NNP 1269 1271 or or CC 1272 1275 CR3 CR3 NNP 1276 1283 induces induce VBZ 1284 1287 the the DT 1288 1295 nuclear nuclear JJ 1296 1309 translocation translocation NN 1310 1312 of of IN 1313 1321 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1322 1323 B B NNP 1324 1331 p50/p65 p50/p65 NN 1332 1334 in in IN 1335 1343 infected infected JJ 1344 1349 cells cell NNS 1349 1350 . . . 1351 1364 Translocation Translocation NNP 1365 1367 of of IN 1368 1376 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1377 1378 B B NNP 1379 1386 p50/p65 p50/p65 NN 1387 1390 was be VBD 1391 1395 also also RB 1396 1404 observed observe VBN 1405 1414 following follow VBG 1415 1426 stimulation stimulation NN 1427 1429 of of IN 1430 1433 CR1 CR1 NNP 1434 1436 or or CC 1437 1440 CR3 cr3 NN 1441 1443 of of IN 1444 1454 uninfected uninfected JJ 1455 1465 peripheral peripheral JJ 1466 1471 blood blood NN 1472 1481 monocytes monocyte NNS 1482 1486 from from IN 1487 1503 HIV-seronegative hiv-seronegative JJ 1504 1510 donors donor NNS 1510 1511 . . . 1512 1515 The the DT 1516 1522 amount amount NN 1523 1525 of of IN 1526 1533 protein protein NN 1534 1546 translocated translocate VBN 1547 1550 was be VBD 1551 1558 similar similar JJ 1559 1561 to to TO 1562 1566 that that DT 1567 1575 observed observe VBN 1576 1580 when when WRB 1581 1586 cells cell NNS 1587 1591 were be VBD 1592 1602 stimulated stimulate VBN 1603 1607 with with IN 1608 1619 rhTNF-alpha rhtnf-alpha NN 1619 1620 . . . 1621 1630 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1631 1634 did do VBD 1635 1638 not not RB 1639 1646 mediate mediate VB 1647 1650 the the DT 1651 1664 translocation translocation NN 1665 1667 of of IN 1668 1676 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1677 1678 B B NNP 1679 1686 p50/p65 p50/p65 NN 1687 1694 induced induce VBN 1695 1697 by by IN 1698 1708 triggering triggering NN 1709 1711 of of IN 1712 1722 complement complement NN 1723 1732 receptors receptor NNS 1732 1733 . . . 1734 1739 Taken take VBN 1740 1748 together together RB 1748 1749 , , , 1750 1755 these these DT 1756 1768 observations observation NNS 1769 1776 suggest suggest VBP 1777 1781 that that IN 1782 1785 HIV HIV NNP 1786 1790 gene gene NN 1791 1801 expression expression NN 1802 1805 may may MD 1806 1808 be be VB 1809 1818 activated activate VBN 1819 1821 in in IN 1822 1830 infected infected JJ 1831 1840 monocytes monocyte NNS 1841 1848 through through IN 1849 1860 interaction interaction NN 1861 1863 of of IN 1864 1867 the the DT 1868 1873 cells cell NNS 1874 1878 with with IN 1879 1899 complement-opsonized complement-opsonized JJ 1900 1909 particles particle NNS 1910 1913 and and CC 1914 1918 that that IN 1919 1927 enhanced enhance VBN 1928 1933 viral viral JJ 1934 1945 replication replication NN 1946 1948 is be VBZ 1949 1959 associated associate VBN 1960 1964 with with IN 1965 1967 C3 c3 NN 1968 1985 receptor-mediated receptor-mediated JJ 1986 1993 nuclear nuclear JJ 1994 2007 translocation translocation NN 2008 2010 of of IN 2011 2014 the the DT 2015 2023 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 2024 2025 B B NNP 2026 2033 complex complex NN 2033 2034 . . .