0 8 Cytokine Cytokine NNP 9 19 modulation modulation NN 20 22 of of IN 23 26 HIV HIV NNP 27 37 expression expression NN 37 38 . . . 40 49 Cytokines Cytokine NNP 49 50 , , , 51 54 the the DT 55 62 peptide peptide NN 63 71 hormones hormone NNS 72 77 which which WDT 78 85 control control VBP 86 89 the the DT 90 101 homeostasis homeostasis NN 102 104 of of IN 105 108 the the DT 109 115 immune immune JJ 116 122 system system NN 123 126 and and CC 127 131 also also RB 132 136 play play VBP 137 138 a a DT 139 150 fundamental fundamental JJ 151 155 role role NN 156 158 in in IN 159 171 inflammatory inflammatory JJ 172 175 and and CC 176 182 immune immune JJ 183 191 mediated mediate VBN 192 201 reactions reaction NNS 201 202 , , , 203 207 have have VBP 208 212 been be VBN 213 221 involved involve VBN 222 224 at at IN 225 233 multiple multiple JJ 234 240 levels level NNS 241 243 in in IN 244 247 the the DT 248 260 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN 261 263 of of IN 264 267 the the DT 268 276 acquired acquire VBN 277 283 immune immune JJ 284 294 deficiency deficiency NN 295 303 syndrome syndrome NN 304 305 ( ( ( 305 309 AIDS AIDS NNP 309 310 ) ) ) 310 311 . . . 312 321 Infection infection NN 322 326 with with IN 327 330 the the DT 331 336 human human JJ 337 353 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 354 359 virus virus NN 360 361 ( ( ( 361 364 HIV HIV NNP 364 365 ) ) ) 366 369 has have VBZ 370 374 been be VBN 375 380 shown show VBN 381 383 to to TO 384 390 induce induce VB 391 401 production production NN 402 404 of of IN 405 412 several several JJ 413 422 cytokines cytokine NNS 423 427 both both CC 428 430 in in FW 431 436 vitro vitro FW 437 440 and and CC 441 443 in in FW 444 448 vivo vivo FW 448 449 . . . 450 460 Conversely conversely RB 460 461 , , , 462 469 several several JJ 470 479 cytokines cytokine NNS 480 488 modulate modulate VBP 489 492 the the DT 493 499 levels level NNS 500 502 of of IN 503 506 HIV HIV NNP 507 517 expression expression NN 518 520 in in IN 521 529 infected infected JJ 530 535 cells cell NNS 536 538 of of IN 539 543 both both CC 544 545 T t NN 546 557 lymphocytic lymphocytic JJ 558 561 and and CC 562 573 mononuclear mononuclear JJ 574 584 phagocytic phagocytic JJ 585 592 lineage lineage NN 592 593 . . . 594 603 Activated activate VBN 604 615 mononuclear mononuclear JJ 616 621 cells cell NNS 621 622 , , , 623 635 particularly particularly RB 636 637 B B NNP 638 643 cells cell NNS 644 649 which which WDT 650 653 are be VBP 654 656 in in IN 657 658 a a DT 659 664 state state NN 665 667 of of IN 668 675 chronic chronic JJ 676 686 activation activation NN 687 689 in in IN 690 693 HIV HIV NNP 694 702 infected infected JJ 703 714 individuals individual NNS 714 715 , , , 716 723 release release VB 724 737 HIV-inductive hiv-inductive JJ 738 747 cytokines cytokine NNS 748 751 and and CC 752 756 thus thus RB 757 761 play play VBP 762 763 a a DT 764 775 potentially potentially RB 776 785 important important JJ 786 790 role role NN 791 793 in in IN 794 797 the the DT 798 810 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN 811 813 of of IN 814 817 HIV HIV NNP 818 827 infection infection NN 827 828 . . .