0 10 Inhibition Inhibition NNP 11 13 of of IN 14 19 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 20 27 latency latency NN 28 40 reactivation reactivation NN 41 43 by by IN 44 66 dehydroepiandrosterone dehydroepiandrosterone NN 67 68 ( ( ( 68 72 DHEA DHEA NNP 72 73 ) ) ) 74 77 and and CC 78 80 an an DT 81 87 analog analog NN 88 90 of of IN 91 95 DHEA DHEA NNP 95 96 . . . 98 101 The the DT 102 109 initial initial JJ 110 119 infection infection NN 120 124 with with IN 125 130 human human JJ 131 147 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 148 153 virus virus NN 154 158 type type NN 159 160 1 1 CD 161 162 ( ( ( 162 167 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 167 168 ) ) ) 169 171 in in IN 172 176 most most JJS 177 188 individuals individual NNS 189 196 usually usually RB 197 204 results result VBZ 205 207 in in IN 208 211 the the DT 212 225 establishment establishment NN 226 228 of of IN 229 230 a a DT 231 237 latent latent JJ 238 240 or or CC 241 248 chronic chronic JJ 249 258 infection infection NN 259 265 before before IN 266 274 eventual eventual JJ 275 286 progression progression NN 287 293 toward toward IN 294 302 acquired acquire VBN 303 319 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 320 328 syndrome syndrome NN 328 329 . . . 330 335 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 336 339 can can MD 340 344 also also RB 345 354 establish establish VB 355 356 a a DT 357 363 latent latent JJ 364 366 or or CC 367 377 persistent persistent JJ 378 387 infection infection NN 388 390 in in IN 391 395 some some DT 396 397 T t NN 398 402 cell cell NN 403 408 lines line NNS 409 413 that that WDT 414 418 show show VBP 419 426 minimal minimal JJ 427 439 constitutive constitutive JJ 440 445 virus virus NN 446 456 expression expression NN 456 457 . . . 458 465 However however RB 465 466 , , , 467 477 activation activation NN 478 480 of of IN 481 484 the the DT 485 486 T t NN 487 491 cell cell NN 492 497 lines line NNS 498 505 leading lead VBG 506 508 to to TO 509 517 enhanced enhance VBN 518 523 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 524 535 replication replication NN 536 539 can can MD 540 542 be be VB 543 550 induced induce VBN 551 553 by by IN 554 562 antigens antigen NNS 562 563 , , , 564 572 mitogens mitogen NNS 572 573 , , , 574 577 and and CC 578 587 cytokines cytokine NNS 588 589 ( ( ( 589 594 tumor tumor NN 595 603 necrosis necrosis NN 604 610 factor factor NN 611 616 alpha alpha NN 617 618 [ [ ( 618 627 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 627 628 ] ] ) 628 629 , , , 630 641 interleukin interleukin NN 642 643 1 1 CD 643 644 , , , 645 648 and and CC 649 662 interleukin-2 interleukin-2 NN 662 663 ) ) ) 663 664 . . . 665 672 Various various JJ 673 677 gene gene NN 678 686 products product NNS 687 691 from from IN 692 697 other other JJ 698 705 viruses virus NNS 706 707 ( ( ( 707 713 HTLV-1 HTLV-1 NNP 713 714 , , , 715 718 HSV HSV NNP 718 719 , , , 720 723 EBV EBV NNP 723 724 , , , 725 728 CMV CMV NNP 728 729 , , , 730 733 HBV HBV NNP 733 734 , , , 735 738 and and CC 739 744 HHV-6 HHV-6 NNP 744 745 ) ) ) 746 749 can can MD 750 754 also also RB 755 762 enhance enhance VB 763 768 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 769 773 long long JJ 774 782 terminal terminal JJ 783 789 repeat repeat NN 790 791 ( ( ( 791 802 LTR)-driven ltr)-driven JJ 803 811 reporter reporter NN 812 816 gene gene NN 817 825 activity activity NN 825 826 . . . 827 829 On on IN 830 833 the the DT 834 839 basis basis NN 840 842 of of IN 843 848 these these DT 849 861 observations observation NNS 861 862 , , , 863 865 it it PRP 866 869 has have VBZ 870 874 been be VBN 875 883 proposed propose VBN 884 888 that that IN 889 901 reactivation reactivation NN 902 904 of of IN 905 911 latent latent JJ 912 917 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 918 926 harbored harbor VBD 927 929 in in IN 930 941 chronically chronically RB 942 950 infected infected JJ 951 952 T t NN 953 964 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS 964 965 , , , 966 975 monocytes monocyte NNS 975 976 , , , 977 979 or or CC 980 991 macrophages macrophage NNS 992 997 plays play VBZ 998 1000 an an DT 1001 1010 important important JJ 1011 1015 role role NN 1016 1018 in in IN 1019 1022 the the DT 1023 1035 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN 1036 1038 of of IN 1039 1043 AIDS AIDS NNP 1043 1044 . . . 1045 1047 So so RB 1048 1051 far far RB 1051 1052 , , , 1053 1058 there there EX 1059 1062 are be VBP 1063 1065 no no DT 1066 1071 drugs drug NNS 1072 1074 or or CC 1075 1082 therapy therapy NN 1083 1092 available available JJ 1093 1097 that that WDT 1098 1101 can can MD 1102 1109 provide provide VB 1110 1120 protection protection NN 1121 1128 against against IN 1129 1134 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1135 1142 latency latency NN 1143 1155 reactivation reactivation NN 1155 1156 . . . 1157 1162 ACH-2 ach-2 NN 1162 1163 , , , 1164 1171 derived derive VBN 1172 1176 from from IN 1177 1178 a a DT 1179 1184 human human JJ 1185 1186 T t NN 1187 1191 cell cell NN 1192 1196 line line NN 1197 1198 ( ( ( 1198 1201 CEM CEM NNP 1201 1202 ) ) ) 1202 1203 , , , 1204 1206 is be VBZ 1207 1218 chronically chronically RB 1219 1227 infected infect VBN 1228 1232 with with IN 1233 1238 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1238 1239 , , , 1240 1244 with with IN 1245 1248 low low JJ 1249 1255 levels level NNS 1256 1258 of of IN 1259 1271 constitutive constitutive JJ 1272 1277 virus virus NN 1278 1288 expression expression NN 1288 1289 . . . 1290 1295 ACH-2 ach-2 NN 1296 1299 can can MD 1300 1302 be be VB 1303 1312 converted convert VBN 1313 1315 to to TO 1316 1326 productive productive JJ 1327 1336 infection infection NN 1337 1339 by by IN 1340 1351 stimulation stimulation NN 1352 1354 of of IN 1355 1358 the the DT 1359 1364 cells cell NNS 1365 1369 with with IN 1370 1406 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate NNP 1407 1408 ( ( ( 1408 1411 TPA TPA NNP 1411 1412 ) ) ) 1412 1413 , , , 1414 1421 mitogen mitogen NN 1422 1424 or or CC 1425 1434 cytokines cytokine NNS 1435 1436 ( ( ( 1436 1445 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1445 1446 ) ) ) 1446 1447 , , , 1448 1450 or or CC 1451 1460 infection infection NN 1461 1465 with with IN 1466 1469 HSV HSV NNP 1469 1470 . . . 1471 1480 Therefore therefore RB 1481 1484 the the DT 1485 1490 ACH-2 ach-2 NN 1491 1495 cell cell NN 1496 1500 line line NN 1501 1503 is be VBZ 1504 1505 a a DT 1506 1510 good good JJ 1511 1520 candidate candidate NN 1521 1524 for for IN 1525 1533 studying study VBG 1534 1537 the the DT 1538 1545 effects effect NNS 1546 1548 of of IN 1549 1554 drugs drug NNS 1555 1557 on on IN 1558 1563 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1564 1574 activation activation NN 1574 1575 . . . 1576 1586 Previously previously RB 1586 1587 , , , 1588 1590 we we PRP 1591 1595 have have VBP 1596 1604 reported report VBN 1605 1609 that that IN 1610 1614 DHEA DHEA NNP 1615 1618 and and CC 1619 1628 synthetic synthetic JJ 1629 1636 analogs analog NNS 1637 1639 of of IN 1640 1644 DHEA DHEA NNP 1645 1648 can can MD 1649 1651 be be VB 1652 1658 modest modest JJ 1659 1669 inhibitors inhibitor NNS 1670 1672 of of IN 1673 1678 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1679 1683 IIIB IIIB NNP 1684 1695 replication replication NN 1696 1698 in in IN 1699 1728 phytohemagglutinin-stimulated phytohemagglutinin-stimulated JJ 1729 1739 peripheral peripheral JJ 1740 1745 blood blood NN 1746 1756 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN 1757 1765 cultures culture NNS 1765 1766 . . . 1767 1768 ( ( ( 1768 1776 ABSTRACT abstract NN 1777 1786 TRUNCATED truncated VBN 1787 1789 AT at IN 1790 1793 250 250 CD 1794 1799 WORDS words NNS 1799 1800 ) ) )