0 10 Regulation regulation NN 11 13 of of IN 14 15 I i NN 16 21 kappa kappa NN 22 23 B B NNP 24 29 alpha alpha NN 30 33 and and CC 34 38 p105 p105 NN 39 41 in in IN 42 51 monocytes monocyte NNS 52 55 and and CC 56 67 macrophages macrophage NNS 68 80 persistently persistently RB 81 89 infected infect VBN 90 94 with with IN 95 100 human human JJ 101 117 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 118 123 virus virus NN 123 124 . . . 126 129 The the DT 130 140 mechanisms mechanism NNS 141 151 regulating regulate VBG 152 157 human human JJ 158 174 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 175 180 virus virus NN 181 182 ( ( ( 182 185 HIV HIV NNP 185 186 ) ) ) 187 198 persistence persistence NN 199 201 in in IN 202 207 human human JJ 208 229 monocytes/macrophages monocytes/macrophage NNS 230 233 are be VBP 234 243 partially partially RB 244 254 understood understand VBN 254 255 . . . 256 266 Persistent persistent JJ 267 270 HIV HIV NNP 271 280 infection infection NN 281 283 of of IN 284 288 U937 u937 NN 289 298 monocytic monocytic JJ 299 304 cells cell NNS 305 312 results result VBZ 313 315 in in IN 316 324 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 325 326 B B NNP 327 337 activation activation NN 337 338 . . . 339 346 Whether whether IN 347 360 virus-induced virus-induced JJ 361 369 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 370 371 B B NNP 372 382 activation activation NN 383 385 is be VBZ 386 387 a a DT 388 397 mechanism mechanism NN 398 402 that that WDT 403 409 favors favor VBZ 410 420 continuous continuous JJ 421 426 viral viral JJ 427 438 replication replication NN 439 441 in in IN 442 453 macrophages macrophage NNS 454 461 remains remain VBZ 462 469 unknown unknown JJ 469 470 . . . 471 473 To to TO 474 481 further further RB 482 491 delineate delineate VB 492 495 the the DT 496 505 molecular molecular JJ 506 516 mechanisms mechanism NNS 517 525 involved involve VBN 526 528 in in IN 529 532 the the DT 533 543 activation activation NN 544 546 of of IN 547 555 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 556 557 B B NNP 558 560 in in IN 561 573 HIV-infected hiv-infected JJ 574 583 monocytes monocyte NNS 584 587 and and CC 588 599 macrophages macrophage NNS 599 600 , , , 601 603 we we PRP 604 608 have have VBP 609 616 focused focus VBN 617 619 on on IN 620 623 the the DT 624 634 regulation regulation NN 635 637 of of IN 638 641 the the DT 642 643 I i NN 644 649 kappa kappa NN 650 651 B B NNP 652 661 molecules molecule NNS 661 662 . . . 663 668 First first RB 668 669 , , , 670 672 we we PRP 673 677 show show VBP 678 682 that that IN 683 693 persistent persistent JJ 694 697 HIV HIV NNP 698 707 infection infection NN 708 715 results result VBZ 716 718 in in IN 719 722 the the DT 723 733 activation activation NN 734 736 of of IN 737 745 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 746 747 B B NNP 748 751 not not RB 752 756 only only RB 757 759 in in IN 760 769 monocytic monocytic JJ 770 775 cells cell NNS 776 779 but but CC 780 784 also also RB 785 787 in in IN 788 799 macrophages macrophage NNS 799 800 . . . 801 803 In in IN 804 816 HIV-infected hiv-infected JJ 817 822 cells cell NNS 822 823 , , , 824 825 I i NN 826 831 kappa kappa NN 832 833 B B NNP 834 839 alpha alpha NN 840 847 protein protein NN 848 854 levels level NNS 855 858 are be VBP 859 868 decreased decrease VBN 869 878 secondary secondary JJ 879 881 to to TO 882 890 enhanced enhance VBN 891 898 protein protein NN 899 910 degradation degradation NN 910 911 . . . 912 916 This this DT 917 926 parallels parallel VBZ 927 930 the the DT 931 940 increased increase VBN 941 942 I i NN 943 948 kappa kappa NN 949 950 B B NNP 951 956 alpha alpha NN 957 966 synthesis synthesis NN 967 976 secondary secondary JJ 977 979 to to TO 980 989 increased increase VBN 990 991 I i NN 992 997 kappa kappa NN 998 999 B B NNP 1000 1005 alpha alpha NN 1006 1010 gene gene NN 1011 1024 transcription transcription NN 1024 1025 , , , 1026 1030 i.e. i.e. FW 1030 1031 , , , 1032 1041 increased increase VBN 1042 1045 RNA RNA NNP 1046 1049 and and CC 1050 1065 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 1066 1074 activity activity NN 1075 1077 of of IN 1078 1081 its its PRP$ 1082 1099 promoter-enhancer promoter-enhancer NN 1099 1100 . . . 1101 1108 Another another DT 1109 1116 protein protein NN 1117 1121 with with IN 1122 1123 I i NN 1124 1129 kappa kappa NN 1130 1131 B B NNP 1132 1140 function function NN 1140 1141 , , , 1142 1146 p105 p105 NN 1146 1147 , , , 1148 1150 is be VBZ 1151 1155 also also RB 1156 1164 modified modify VBN 1165 1167 in in IN 1168 1180 HIV-infected hiv-infected JJ 1181 1186 cells cell NNS 1186 1187 : : : 1188 1192 p105 p105 NN 1193 1196 and and CC 1197 1200 p50 p50 NN 1201 1213 steady-state steady-state JJ 1214 1221 protein protein NN 1222 1228 levels level NNS 1229 1232 are be VBP 1233 1242 increased increase VBN 1243 1245 as as IN 1246 1247 a a DT 1248 1254 result result NN 1255 1257 of of IN 1258 1267 increased increase VBN 1268 1277 synthesis synthesis NN 1278 1281 and and CC 1282 1293 proteolytic proteolytic JJ 1294 1304 processing processing NN 1305 1307 of of IN 1308 1312 p105 p105 NN 1312 1313 . . . 1314 1329 Transcriptional transcriptional JJ 1330 1338 activity activity NN 1339 1341 of of IN 1342 1346 p105 p105 NN 1347 1349 is be VBZ 1350 1354 also also RB 1355 1364 increased increase VBN 1365 1367 in in IN 1368 1376 infected infected JJ 1377 1382 cells cell NNS 1383 1386 and and CC 1387 1389 is be VBZ 1390 1394 also also RB 1395 1403 mediated mediate VBN 1404 1406 by by IN 1407 1415 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1416 1417 B B NNP 1418 1425 through through IN 1426 1427 a a DT 1428 1436 specific specific JJ 1437 1442 kappa kappa NN 1443 1444 B B NNP 1445 1450 motif motif NN 1450 1451 . . . 1452 1457 These these DT 1458 1465 results result NNS 1466 1477 demonstrate demonstrate VBP 1478 1481 the the DT 1482 1491 existence existence NN 1492 1494 of of IN 1495 1496 a a DT 1497 1503 triple triple JJ 1504 1518 autoregulatory autoregulatory JJ 1519 1523 loop loop NN 1524 1526 in in IN 1527 1536 monocytes monocyte NNS 1537 1540 and and CC 1541 1552 macrophages macrophage NNS 1553 1562 involving involve VBG 1563 1566 HIV HIV NNP 1566 1567 , , , 1568 1572 p105 p105 NN 1573 1576 and and CC 1577 1580 p50 p50 NN 1580 1581 , , , 1582 1585 and and CC 1586 1590 MAD3 MAD3 NNP 1590 1591 , , , 1592 1596 with with IN 1597 1600 the the DT 1601 1604 end end NN 1605 1611 result result NN 1612 1614 of of IN 1615 1625 persistent persistent JJ 1626 1634 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1635 1636 B B NNP 1637 1647 activation activation NN 1648 1651 and and CC 1652 1657 viral viral JJ 1658 1669 persistence persistence NN 1669 1670 . . . 1671 1682 Furthermore furthermore RB 1682 1683 , , , 1684 1694 persistent persistent JJ 1695 1698 HIV HIV NNP 1699 1708 infection infection NN 1709 1711 of of IN 1712 1721 monocytes monocyte NNS 1722 1725 and and CC 1726 1737 macrophages macrophage NNS 1738 1746 provides provide VBZ 1747 1748 a a DT 1749 1755 useful useful JJ 1756 1761 model model NN 1762 1766 with with IN 1767 1772 which which WDT 1773 1775 to to TO 1776 1781 study study VB 1782 1793 concomitant concomitant JJ 1794 1807 modifications modification NNS 1808 1810 of of IN 1811 1820 different different JJ 1821 1822 I i NN 1823 1828 kappa kappa NN 1829 1830 B B NNP 1831 1840 molecules molecule NNS 1840 1841 . . .