0 15 Transcriptional transcriptional JJ 16 26 regulation regulation NN 27 29 of of IN 30 33 the the DT 34 42 pyruvate pyruvate NN 43 49 kinase kinase NNP 50 68 erythroid-specific erythroid-specific JJ 69 77 promoter promoter NN 77 78 . . . 80 86 Mammal mammal JJ 87 95 pyruvate pyruvate NN 96 103 kinases kinase NNS 104 107 are be VBP 108 115 encoded encode VBN 116 118 by by IN 119 122 two two CD 123 128 genes gene NNS 128 129 . . . 130 133 The the DT 134 135 L L NNP 136 140 gene gene NN 141 149 produces produce VBZ 150 153 the the DT 154 163 erythroid erythroid JJ 164 165 ( ( ( 165 169 R-PK R-PK NNP 169 170 ) ) ) 171 173 or or CC 174 177 the the DT 178 185 hepatic hepatic JJ 186 187 ( ( ( 187 191 L-PK L-PK NNP 191 192 ) ) ) 193 201 isozymes isozyme NNS 202 204 by by IN 205 208 the the DT 209 220 alternative alternative JJ 221 224 use use NN 225 227 of of IN 228 231 two two CD 232 241 promoters promoter NNS 241 242 . . . 243 245 We we PRP 246 252 report report VBP 253 256 the the DT 257 273 characterization characterization NN 274 276 of of IN 277 280 the the DT 281 285 cis- cis- JJ 286 289 and and CC 290 302 trans-acting trans-acting JJ 303 311 elements element NNS 312 320 involved involve VBN 321 323 in in IN 324 327 the the DT 328 343 tissue-specific tissue-specific JJ 344 352 activity activity NN 353 355 of of IN 356 359 the the DT 360 361 L L NNP 362 366 gene gene NN 367 376 erythroid erythroid JJ 377 385 promoter promoter NN 385 386 . . . 387 388 A a DT 389 393 R-PK R-PK NNP 394 397 DNA DNA NNP 398 406 fragment fragment NN 407 416 extending extend VBG 417 421 from from IN 422 426 -870 -870 CD 427 429 to to TO 430 433 +54 +54 CD 434 442 relative relative JJ 443 445 to to TO 446 449 the the DT 450 453 cap cap NN 454 458 site site NN 459 466 confers confer VBZ 467 476 erythroid erythroid JJ 477 488 specificity specificity NN 489 491 to to TO 492 493 a a DT 494 502 reporter reporter NN 503 507 gene gene NN 507 508 . . . 509 515 Within within IN 516 520 this this DT 521 527 region region NN 527 528 , , , 529 531 we we PRP 532 538 define define VBP 539 540 a a DT 541 548 minimal minimal JJ 549 557 promoter promoter NN 558 559 ( ( ( 559 562 -62 -62 CD 563 565 to to TO 566 569 +54 +54 CD 569 570 ) ) ) 571 575 that that WDT 576 584 displays display VBZ 585 603 erythroid-specific erythroid-specific JJ 604 612 activity activity NN 613 616 and and CC 617 625 contains contain VBZ 626 629 two two CD 630 633 DNA dna NN 634 641 binding binding NN 642 647 sites site NNS 647 648 . . . 649 652 One one CD 652 653 , , , 654 661 located located JJ 662 664 at at IN 665 668 -50 -50 CD 668 669 , , , 670 675 binds bind VBZ 676 683 members member NNS 684 686 of of IN 687 690 the the DT 691 700 CCACC/Sp1 ccacc/sp1 NN 701 707 family family NN 708 711 and and CC 712 715 the the DT 716 721 other other JJ 721 722 , , , 723 730 located located JJ 731 733 at at IN 734 737 -20 -20 CD 737 738 , , , 739 744 binds bind VBZ 745 748 the the DT 749 758 erythroid erythroid JJ 759 765 factor factor NN 766 772 GATA-1 gata-1 NN 772 773 . . . 774 782 Although although IN 783 786 the the DT 787 790 -20 -20 CD 791 795 GATA GATA NNP 796 803 binding binding NN 804 808 site site NN 809 810 ( ( ( 810 816 AGATAA AGATAA NNP 816 817 ) ) ) 818 820 is be VBZ 821 825 also also RB 826 827 a a DT 828 837 potential potential JJ 838 843 TFIID TFIID NNP 844 851 binding binding NN 852 856 site site NN 856 857 , , , 858 860 it it PRP 861 865 does do VBZ 866 869 not not RB 870 874 bind bind VB 875 880 TFIID tfiid NN 880 881 . . . 882 893 Furthermore furthermore RB 893 894 , , , 895 898 the the DT 899 911 substitution substitution NN 912 914 of of IN 915 919 this this DT 920 924 GATA GATA NNP 925 932 binding binding NN 933 937 site site NN 938 940 by by IN 941 942 a a DT 943 952 canonical canonical JJ 953 958 TFIID TFIID NNP 959 966 binding binding NN 967 971 site site NN 972 982 suppresses suppress VBZ 983 986 the the DT 987 995 promoter promoter NN 996 1004 activity activity NN 1004 1005 . . . 1006 1015 Mutations mutation NNS 1016 1019 and and CC 1020 1029 deletions deletion NNS 1030 1032 of of IN 1033 1037 both both DT 1038 1043 sites site NNS 1044 1052 indicate indicate VBP 1053 1057 that that IN 1058 1062 only only RB 1063 1066 the the DT 1067 1078 association association NN 1079 1081 of of IN 1082 1091 CCACC/Sp1 CCACC/Sp1 NNP 1092 1095 and and CC 1096 1100 GATA GATA NNP 1101 1108 binding binding NN 1109 1114 sites site NNS 1115 1118 can can MD 1119 1124 drive drive VB 1125 1134 efficient efficient JJ 1135 1138 and and CC 1139 1154 tissue-specific tissue-specific JJ 1155 1165 expression expression NN 1166 1168 of of IN 1169 1173 this this DT 1174 1178 R-PK R-PK NNP 1179 1186 minimal minimal JJ 1187 1195 promoter promoter NN 1195 1196 . . . 1197 1204 Finally finally RB 1204 1205 , , , 1206 1208 by by IN 1209 1224 co-transfection co-transfection NN 1225 1236 experiments experiment NNS 1236 1237 , , , 1238 1240 we we PRP 1241 1246 study study VBP 1247 1250 the the DT 1251 1259 elements element NNS 1260 1268 involved involve VBN 1269 1271 in in IN 1272 1275 the the DT 1276 1283 hGATA-1 hgata-1 NN 1284 1299 transactivation transactivation NN 1300 1302 of of IN 1303 1306 the the DT 1307 1311 R-PK R-PK NNP 1312 1320 promoter promoter NN 1321 1323 in in IN 1324 1328 HeLa HeLa NNP 1329 1334 cells cell NNS 1334 1335 . . .