0 13 Cross-linking cross-linking NN 14 16 of of IN 17 19 Fc Fc NNP 20 25 gamma gamma NN 26 35 receptors receptor NNS 36 45 activates activate VBZ 46 51 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 52 56 long long JJ 57 65 terminal terminal JJ 66 79 repeat-driven repeat-driven JJ 80 93 transcription transcription NN 94 96 in in IN 97 102 human human JJ 103 112 monocytes monocyte NNS 112 113 . . . 115 124 Elevation Elevation NNP 125 127 of of IN 128 131 the the DT 132 138 levels level NNS 139 141 of of IN 142 153 circulating circulate VBG 154 160 immune immune JJ 161 170 complexes complex NNS 171 181 frequently frequently RB 182 193 accompanies accompany VBZ 194 199 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 200 209 infection infection NN 210 213 and and CC 214 216 is be VBZ 217 218 a a DT 219 229 prognostic prognostic JJ 230 239 indicator indicator NN 240 242 of of IN 243 251 clinical clinical JJ 252 263 progression progression NN 264 268 from from IN 269 281 asymptomatic asymptomatic JJ 282 291 infection infection NN 292 294 to to TO 295 299 AIDS AIDS NNP 299 300 . . . 301 305 Here here RB 306 308 we we PRP 309 315 report report VBP 316 320 that that IN 321 334 cross-linking cross-linking NN 335 337 of of IN 338 340 Fc Fc NNP 341 346 gamma gamma NN 347 349 RI RI NNP 350 352 or or CC 353 355 Fc Fc NNP 356 361 gamma gamma NN 362 365 RII RII NNP 366 368 by by IN 369 377 adherent adherent JJ 378 383 human human JJ 384 387 IgG igg NN 388 390 or or CC 391 393 by by IN 394 402 specific specific JJ 403 410 anti-Fc anti-fc NN 411 416 gamma gamma NN 417 418 R r NN 419 422 mAb mab NN 423 432 activates activate VBZ 433 438 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 439 443 gene gene NN 444 454 expression expression NN 455 457 in in IN 458 461 the the DT 462 467 human human JJ 468 477 monocytic monocytic JJ 478 482 cell cell NN 483 487 line line NN 488 492 BF24 bf24 NN 493 496 and and CC 497 506 increased increase VBN 507 510 HIV HIV NNP 511 514 RNA RNA NNP 515 525 expression expression NN 526 528 in in IN 529 538 monocytes monocyte NNS 539 543 from from IN 544 547 HIV HIV NNP 548 556 infected infected JJ 557 565 patients patient NNS 566 568 as as IN 569 576 assayed assay VBN 577 579 by by IN 580 587 reverse reverse JJ 588 605 transcription-PCR transcription-PCR NNP 605 606 . . . 607 609 In in IN 610 615 THP-1 thp-1 NN 616 621 cells cell NNS 621 622 , , , 623 625 Fc Fc NNP 626 631 gamma gamma NN 632 633 R r NN 634 647 cross-linking cross-linking NN 648 655 induced induce VBD 656 664 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 665 666 B B NNP 666 667 , , , 668 673 which which WDT 674 676 is be VBZ 677 682 known know VBN 683 685 to to TO 686 690 bind bind VB 691 693 to to TO 694 697 the the DT 698 708 regulatory regulatory JJ 709 715 region region NN 716 718 of of IN 719 722 the the DT 723 727 long long JJ 728 736 terminal terminal JJ 737 743 repeat repeat NN 744 745 ( ( ( 745 748 LTR LTR NNP 748 749 ) ) ) 750 752 of of IN 753 758 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 759 762 and and CC 763 765 to to TO 766 774 activate activate VB 775 780 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 781 794 transcription transcription NN 794 795 . . . 796 810 Anti-TNF-alpha Anti-TNF-alpha NNP 811 819 antibody antibody NN 820 823 but but CC 824 827 not not RB 828 837 anti-IL-1 anti-il-1 JJ 838 842 beta beta SYM 843 851 antibody antibody NN 852 860 strongly strongly RB 861 870 inhibited inhibit VBD 871 875 both both CC 876 879 the the DT 880 889 induction induction NN 890 892 of of IN 893 909 HIV-1-LTR-driven hiv-1-ltr-driven JJ 910 923 transcription transcription NN 924 927 and and CC 928 931 the the DT 932 941 induction induction NN 942 944 of of IN 945 953 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 954 955 B B NNP 956 958 by by IN 959 961 Fc Fc NNP 962 967 gamma gamma NN 968 969 R r NN 970 983 cross-linking cross-linking NN 983 984 . . . 985 990 These these DT 991 998 results result NNS 999 1007 indicate indicate VBP 1008 1012 that that IN 1013 1015 Fc fc NN 1016 1021 gamma gamma NN 1022 1023 R r NN 1024 1027 can can MD 1028 1035 mediate mediate VB 1036 1037 a a DT 1038 1057 TNF-alpha-dependent tnf-alpha-dependent JJ 1058 1067 induction induction NN 1068 1070 of of IN 1071 1076 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1077 1081 gene gene NN 1082 1095 transcription transcription NN 1096 1099 and and CC 1100 1107 suggest suggest VBP 1108 1112 that that IN 1113 1119 immune immune JJ 1120 1129 complexes complex NNS 1130 1133 may may MD 1134 1144 contribute contribute VB 1145 1147 to to TO 1148 1151 the the DT 1152 1167 pathophysiology pathophysiology NN 1168 1170 of of IN 1171 1176 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1177 1186 infection infection NN 1187 1189 by by IN 1190 1200 augmenting augment VBG 1201 1206 viral viral JJ 1207 1218 replication replication NN 1219 1221 in in IN 1222 1231 monocytes monocyte NNS 1231 1232 . . .