0 4 Gene Gene NNP 5 18 transcription transcription NN 19 26 through through IN 27 37 activation activation NN 38 40 of of IN 41 58 G-protein-coupled g-protein-coupled JJ 59 74 chemoattractant chemoattractant NN 75 84 receptors receptor NNS 84 85 . . . 87 96 Receptors receptor NNS 97 100 for for IN 101 110 leukocyte leukocyte NN 111 127 chemoattractants chemoattractant NNS 127 128 , , , 129 138 including include VBG 139 149 chemokines chemokine NNS 149 150 , , , 151 154 are be VBP 155 168 traditionally traditionally RB 169 179 considered consider VBN 180 182 to to TO 183 185 be be VB 186 197 responsible responsible JJ 198 201 for for IN 202 205 the the DT 206 216 activation activation NN 217 219 of of IN 220 227 special special JJ 228 237 leukocyte leukocyte NN 238 247 functions function NNS 248 252 such such JJ 253 255 as as IN 256 266 chemotaxis chemotaxis NN 266 267 , , , 268 281 degranulation degranulation NN 281 282 , , , 283 286 and and CC 287 290 the the DT 291 298 release release NN 299 301 of of IN 302 312 superoxide superoxide NN 313 319 anions anion NNS 319 320 . . . 321 329 Recently recently RB 329 330 , , , 331 336 these these DT 337 354 G-protein-coupled g-protein-coupled JJ 355 365 serpentine serpentine NN 366 375 receptors receptor NNS 376 380 have have VBP 381 385 been be VBN 386 391 found find VBN 392 394 to to TO 395 404 transduce transduce VB 405 412 signals signal NNS 413 420 leading lead VBG 421 423 to to TO 424 428 gene gene NN 429 442 transcription transcription NN 443 446 and and CC 447 458 translation translation NN 459 461 in in IN 462 472 leukocytes leukocyte NNS 472 473 . . . 474 487 Transcription transcription NN 488 495 factors factor NNS 495 496 , , , 497 501 such such JJ 502 504 as as IN 505 507 NF NF NNP 508 513 kappa kappa NN 514 515 B B NNP 516 519 and and CC 520 524 AP-1 AP-1 NNP 524 525 , , , 526 529 are be VBP 530 539 activated activate VBN 540 544 upon upon IN 545 556 stimulation stimulation NN 557 559 of of IN 560 563 the the DT 564 569 cells cell NNS 570 574 with with IN 575 582 several several JJ 583 599 chemoattractants chemoattractant NNS 600 602 at at IN 603 618 physiologically physiologically RB 619 627 relevant relevant JJ 628 642 concentrations concentration NNS 642 643 . . . 644 654 Activation Activation NNP 655 657 of of IN 658 671 transcription transcription NN 672 679 factors factor NNS 680 687 through through IN 688 693 these these DT 694 703 receptors receptor NNS 704 712 involves involve VBZ 713 722 G-protein G-protein NNP 723 731 coupling coupling NN 732 735 and and CC 736 739 the the DT 740 750 activation activation NN 751 753 of of IN 754 761 protein protein NN 762 769 kinases kinase NNS 769 770 . . . 771 774 The the DT 775 785 underlying underlie VBG 786 795 signaling signaling NN 796 804 pathways pathway NNS 805 811 appear appear VBP 812 814 to to TO 815 817 be be VB 818 827 different different JJ 828 832 from from IN 833 838 those those DT 839 847 utilized utilize VBN 848 850 by by IN 851 860 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 860 861 , , , 862 863 a a DT 864 870 better good JJR 871 884 characterized characterize VBN 885 893 cytokine cytokine NN 894 898 that that WDT 899 906 induces induce VBZ 907 910 the the DT 911 924 transcription transcription NN 925 927 of of IN 928 943 immediate-early immediate-early JJ 944 949 genes gene NNS 949 950 . . . 951 967 Chemoattractants Chemoattractant NNP 968 977 stimulate stimulate VBP 978 981 the the DT 982 992 expression expression NN 993 995 of of IN 996 1003 several several JJ 1004 1016 inflammatory inflammatory JJ 1017 1026 cytokines cytokine NNS 1027 1030 and and CC 1031 1041 chemokines chemokine NNS 1041 1042 , , , 1043 1048 which which WDT 1049 1051 in in IN 1052 1056 turn turn NN 1057 1060 may may MD 1061 1069 activate activate VB 1070 1075 their their PRP$ 1076 1086 respective respective JJ 1087 1096 receptors receptor NNS 1097 1100 and and CC 1101 1109 initiate initiate VB 1110 1112 an an DT 1113 1122 autocrine autocrine JJ 1123 1133 regulatory regulatory JJ 1134 1143 mechanism mechanism NN 1144 1147 for for IN 1148 1158 persistent persistent JJ 1159 1167 cytokine cytokine NN 1168 1171 and and CC 1172 1181 chemokine chemokine NN 1182 1186 gene gene NN 1187 1197 expression expression NN 1197 1198 . . .