0 10 Regulation Regulation NNP 11 13 of of IN 14 20 GM-CSF GM-CSF NNP 21 25 gene gene NN 26 39 transcription transcription NN 40 42 by by IN 43 55 core-binding core-binding JJ 56 62 factor factor NN 62 63 . . . 65 71 GM-CSF GM-CSF NNP 72 76 gene gene NN 77 87 activation activation NN 88 90 in in IN 91 92 T t NN 93 98 cells cell NNS 99 101 is be VBZ 102 107 known know VBN 108 110 to to TO 111 118 involve involve VB 119 122 the the DT 123 136 transcription transcription NN 137 144 factors factor NNS 145 152 nuclear nuclear JJ 153 165 factor-kappa factor-kappa NN 166 167 B B NNP 167 168 , , , 169 173 AP-1 AP-1 NNP 173 174 , , , 175 179 NFAT NFAT NNP 179 180 , , , 181 184 and and CC 185 188 Sp1 Sp1 NNP 188 189 . . . 190 194 Here here RB 195 197 we we PRP 198 209 demonstrate demonstrate VBP 210 214 that that IN 215 218 the the DT 219 224 human human JJ 225 231 GM-CSF GM-CSF NNP 232 240 promoter promoter NN 241 244 and and CC 245 253 enhancer enhancer NN 254 258 also also RB 259 268 encompass encompass VBP 269 276 binding bind VBG 277 282 sites site NNS 283 286 for for IN 287 299 core-binding core-binding JJ 300 306 factor factor NN 307 308 ( ( ( 308 311 CBF CBF NNP 311 312 ) ) ) 312 313 . . . 314 327 Significantly significantly RB 327 328 , , , 329 332 the the DT 333 336 CBF CBF NNP 337 342 sites site NNS 343 346 are be VBP 347 349 in in IN 350 354 each each DT 355 359 case case NN 360 369 contained contain VBN 370 376 within within IN 377 380 the the DT 381 388 minimum minimum JJ 389 398 essential essential JJ 399 403 core core NN 404 411 regions region NNS 412 420 required require VBN 421 424 for for IN 425 434 inducible inducible JJ 435 445 activation activation NN 446 448 of of IN 449 462 transcription transcription NN 462 463 . . . 464 475 Furthermore furthermore RB 475 476 , , , 477 482 these these DT 483 487 core core NN 488 495 regions region NNS 496 498 of of IN 499 502 the the DT 503 511 enhancer enhancer NN 512 515 and and CC 516 524 promoter promoter NN 525 529 each each DT 530 539 encompass encompass VBP 540 547 closely closely RB 548 554 linked link VBN 555 562 binding bind VBG 563 568 sites site NNS 569 572 for for IN 573 576 CBF CBF NNP 576 577 , , , 578 582 AP-1 ap-1 NN 582 583 , , , 584 587 and and CC 588 593 NFATp NFATp NNP 593 594 . . . 595 598 The the DT 599 605 GM-CSF GM-CSF NNP 606 614 promoter promoter NN 615 618 CBF CBF NNP 619 623 site site NN 624 632 TGTGGTCA TGTGGTCA NNP 633 635 is be VBZ 636 643 located located JJ 644 646 51 51 CD 647 649 bp bp NN 650 658 upstream upstream RB 659 661 of of IN 662 665 the the DT 666 679 transcription transcription NN 680 685 start start NN 686 690 site site NN 691 694 and and CC 695 699 also also RB 700 708 overlaps overlap VBZ 709 710 a a DT 711 715 YY-1 yy-1 NN 716 723 binding binding NN 724 728 site site NN 728 729 . . . 730 731 A a DT 732 736 2-bp 2-bp JJ 737 745 mutation mutation NN 746 752 within within IN 753 756 the the DT 757 760 CBF CBF NNP 761 765 site site NN 766 774 resulted result VBD 775 777 in in IN 778 779 a a DT 780 788 2-3-fold 2-3-fold JJ 789 797 decrease decrease NN 798 800 in in IN 801 804 the the DT 805 815 activities activity NNS 816 818 of of IN 819 823 both both CC 824 825 a a DT 826 831 69-bp 69-bp JJ 832 840 proximal proximal JJ 841 849 promoter promoter NN 850 858 fragment fragment NN 859 862 and and CC 863 864 a a DT 865 871 627-bp 627-bp JJ 872 883 full-length full-length JJ 884 892 promoter promoter NN 893 901 fragment fragment NN 901 902 . . . 903 911 Stepwise stepwise JJ 912 921 deletions deletion NNS 922 926 into into IN 927 930 the the DT 931 939 proximal proximal JJ 940 948 promoter promoter NN 949 953 also also RB 954 962 revealed reveal VBD 963 967 that that IN 968 971 the the DT 972 975 CBF CBF NNP 976 980 site site NN 980 981 , , , 982 985 but but CC 986 989 not not RB 990 993 the the DT 994 998 YY-1 yy-1 NN 999 1003 site site NN 1003 1004 , , , 1005 1008 was be VBD 1009 1017 required require VBN 1018 1021 for for IN 1022 1031 efficient efficient JJ 1032 1041 induction induction NN 1042 1044 of of IN 1045 1060 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 1061 1071 activation activation NN 1071 1072 . . . 1073 1076 The the DT 1077 1081 AML1 AML1 NNP 1082 1085 and and CC 1086 1089 CBF CBF NNP 1090 1094 beta beta NN 1095 1100 genes gene NNS 1101 1105 that that WDT 1106 1112 encode encode VBP 1113 1116 CBF CBF NNP 1117 1121 each each DT 1122 1126 have have VBP 1127 1130 the the DT 1131 1138 ability ability NN 1139 1141 to to TO 1142 1151 influence influence VB 1152 1156 cell cell NN 1157 1163 growth growth NN 1164 1167 and and CC 1168 1183 differentiation differentiation NN 1184 1187 and and CC 1188 1192 have have VBP 1193 1197 been be VBN 1198 1208 implicated implicate VBN 1209 1211 as as IN 1212 1227 proto-oncogenes proto-oncogene NNS 1228 1230 in in IN 1231 1236 acute acute JJ 1237 1244 myeloid myeloid JJ 1245 1253 leukemia leukemia NN 1253 1254 . . . 1255 1259 This this DT 1260 1265 study study NN 1266 1270 adds add VBZ 1271 1277 GM-CSF GM-CSF NNP 1278 1280 to to TO 1281 1282 a a DT 1283 1290 growing grow VBG 1291 1295 list list NN 1296 1298 of of IN 1299 1308 cytokines cytokine NNS 1309 1312 and and CC 1313 1322 receptors receptor NNS 1323 1327 that that WDT 1328 1331 are be VBP 1332 1341 regulated regulate VBN 1342 1344 by by IN 1345 1348 CBF CBF NNP 1349 1352 and and CC 1353 1358 which which WDT 1359 1366 control control VBP 1367 1370 the the DT 1371 1377 growth growth NN 1377 1378 , , , 1379 1394 differentiation differentiation NN 1394 1395 , , , 1396 1399 and and CC 1400 1410 activation activation NN 1411 1413 of of IN 1414 1425 hemopoietic hemopoietic JJ 1426 1431 cells cell NNS 1431 1432 . . . 1433 1436 The the DT 1437 1443 GM-CSF GM-CSF NNP 1444 1449 locus locus NN 1450 1453 may may MD 1454 1463 represent represent VB 1464 1467 one one CD 1468 1470 of of IN 1471 1478 several several JJ 1479 1485 target target NN 1486 1491 genes gene NNS 1492 1496 that that WDT 1497 1500 are be VBP 1501 1513 dysregulated dysregulate VBN 1514 1516 in in IN 1517 1522 acute acute JJ 1523 1530 myeloid myeloid JJ 1531 1539 leukemia leukemia NN 1539 1540 . . .