0 8 Physical physical JJ 9 21 interactions interaction NNS 22 29 between between IN 30 33 Ets Ets NNP 34 37 and and CC 38 52 NF-kappaB/NFAT NF-kappaB/NFAT NNP 53 61 proteins protein NNS 62 66 play play VBP 67 69 an an DT 70 79 important important JJ 80 84 role role NN 85 87 in in IN 88 93 their their PRP$ 94 105 cooperative cooperative JJ 106 116 activation activation NN 117 119 of of IN 120 123 the the DT 124 129 human human JJ 130 146 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 147 152 virus virus NN 153 161 enhancer enhancer NN 162 164 in in IN 165 166 T t NN 167 172 cells cell NNS 172 173 . . . 175 178 The the DT 179 194 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 195 205 regulatory regulatory JJ 206 214 elements element NNS 215 217 of of IN 218 222 many many JJ 223 232 inducible inducible JJ 233 239 T-cell t-cell NN 240 245 genes gene NNS 246 253 contain contain VBP 254 262 adjacent adjacent JJ 263 265 or or CC 266 277 overlapping overlap VBG 278 285 binding bind VBG 286 291 sites site NNS 292 295 for for IN 296 299 the the DT 300 303 Ets Ets NNPS 304 307 and and CC 308 322 NF-kappaB/NFAT NF-kappaB/NFAT NNP 323 331 families family NNS 332 334 of of IN 335 348 transcription transcription NN 349 356 factors factor NNS 356 357 . . . 358 365 Similar similar JJ 366 372 arrays array NNS 373 375 of of IN 376 388 functionally functionally RB 389 398 important important JJ 399 413 NF-kappaB/NFAT NF-kappaB/NFAT NNP 414 417 and and CC 418 421 Ets Ets NNP 422 429 binding binding NN 430 435 sites site NNS 436 439 are be VBP 440 447 present present JJ 448 450 in in IN 451 454 the the DT 455 470 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 471 480 enhancers enhancer NNS 481 483 of of IN 484 489 human human JJ 490 506 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 507 514 viruses virus NNS 515 520 types type NNS 521 522 1 1 CD 523 526 and and CC 527 528 2 2 CD 529 530 ( ( ( 530 535 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 536 539 and and CC 540 545 HIV-2 HIV-2 NNP 545 546 ) ) ) 546 547 , , , 548 558 suggesting suggest VBG 559 563 that that IN 564 568 this this DT 569 576 pattern pattern NN 577 579 of of IN 580 587 nuclear nuclear JJ 588 595 protein protein NN 596 603 binding binding NN 604 609 sites site NNS 610 618 reflects reflect VBZ 619 621 an an DT 622 636 evolutionarily evolutionarily RB 637 646 conserved conserve VBN 647 656 mechanism mechanism NN 657 660 for for IN 661 671 regulating regulate VBG 672 681 inducible inducible JJ 682 688 T-cell t-cell NN 689 693 gene gene NN 694 704 expression expression NN 705 709 that that WDT 710 713 has have VBZ 714 718 been be VBN 719 727 co-opted coopt VBN 728 734 during during IN 735 738 HIV HIV NNP 739 748 evolution evolution NN 748 749 . . . 750 757 Despite despite IN 758 763 these these DT 764 772 findings finding NNS 772 773 , , , 774 777 the the DT 778 787 molecular molecular JJ 788 798 mechanisms mechanism NNS 799 801 by by IN 802 807 which which WDT 808 811 Ets ets NN 812 815 and and CC 816 830 NF-kappaB/NFAT NF-kappaB/NFAT NNP 831 839 proteins protein NNS 840 853 cooperatively cooperatively RB 854 862 regulate regulate VBP 863 872 inducible inducible JJ 873 879 T-cell t-cell NN 880 884 gene gene NN 885 895 expression expression NN 896 904 remained remain VBD 905 912 unknown unknown JJ 912 913 . . . 914 916 In in IN 917 920 the the DT 921 928 studies study NNS 929 938 described describe VBN 939 941 in in IN 942 946 this this DT 947 953 report report NN 953 954 , , , 955 957 we we PRP 958 970 demonstrated demonstrate VBD 971 972 a a DT 973 981 physical physical JJ 982 993 interaction interaction NN 994 1001 between between IN 1002 1010 multiple multiple JJ 1011 1014 Ets ets NN 1015 1018 and and CC 1019 1033 NF-kappaB/NFAT NF-kappaB/NFAT NNP 1034 1042 proteins protein NNS 1043 1047 both both CC 1048 1050 in in FW 1051 1056 vitro vitro FW 1057 1060 and and CC 1061 1063 in in IN 1064 1073 activated activate VBN 1074 1080 normal normal JJ 1081 1086 human human JJ 1087 1088 T t NN 1089 1094 cells cell NNS 1094 1095 . . . 1096 1100 This this DT 1101 1112 interaction interaction NN 1113 1115 is be VBZ 1116 1124 mediated mediate VBN 1125 1127 by by IN 1128 1131 the the DT 1132 1135 Ets Ets NNP 1136 1142 domain domain NN 1143 1145 of of IN 1146 1149 Ets Ets NNP 1150 1158 proteins protein NNS 1159 1162 and and CC 1163 1166 the the DT 1167 1177 C-terminal c-terminal JJ 1178 1184 region region NN 1185 1187 of of IN 1188 1191 the the DT 1192 1195 Rel Rel NNP 1196 1204 homology homology NN 1205 1212 domains domain NNS 1213 1215 of of IN 1216 1230 NF-kappaB/NFAT nf-kappab/nfat NN 1231 1239 proteins protein NNS 1239 1240 . . . 1241 1243 In in IN 1244 1252 addition addition NN 1252 1253 , , , 1254 1257 the the DT 1258 1276 Ets-NF-kappaB/NFAT Ets-NF-kappaB/NFAT NNP 1277 1288 interaction interaction NN 1289 1297 requires require VBZ 1298 1301 the the DT 1302 1310 presence presence NN 1311 1313 of of IN 1314 1317 DNA DNA NNP 1318 1325 binding binding NN 1326 1331 sites site NNS 1332 1335 for for IN 1336 1340 both both DT 1341 1349 proteins protein NNS 1349 1350 , , , 1351 1353 as as IN 1354 1356 it it PRP 1357 1359 is be VBZ 1360 1369 abolished abolish VBN 1370 1372 by by IN 1373 1376 the the DT 1377 1380 DNA dna NN 1381 1394 intercalating intercalate VBG 1395 1401 agents agent NNS 1402 1411 propidium propidium NN 1412 1418 iodide iodide NN 1419 1422 and and CC 1423 1431 ethidium ethidium NN 1432 1439 bromide bromide NN 1440 1443 and and CC 1444 1452 enhanced enhance VBN 1453 1455 by by IN 1456 1459 the the DT 1460 1468 presence presence NN 1469 1471 of of IN 1472 1481 synthetic synthetic JJ 1482 1498 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 1499 1509 containing contain VBG 1510 1517 binding bind VBG 1518 1523 sites site NNS 1524 1527 for for IN 1528 1531 Ets Ets NNP 1532 1535 and and CC 1536 1545 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1546 1554 proteins protein NNS 1554 1555 . . . 1556 1557 A a DT 1558 1575 dominant-negative dominant-negative JJ 1576 1582 mutant mutant NN 1583 1585 of of IN 1586 1595 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1596 1599 p50 p50 NN 1600 1604 that that WDT 1605 1610 binds bind VBZ 1611 1614 DNA dna NN 1615 1618 but but CC 1619 1624 fails fail VBZ 1625 1627 to to TO 1628 1636 interact interact VB 1637 1641 with with IN 1642 1645 Ets Ets NNP 1646 1654 proteins protein NNS 1655 1663 inhibits inhibit VBZ 1664 1667 the the DT 1668 1679 synergistic synergistic JJ 1680 1690 activation activation NN 1691 1693 of of IN 1694 1697 the the DT 1698 1703 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1704 1707 and and CC 1708 1713 HIV-2 hiv-2 NN 1714 1723 enhancers enhancer NNS 1724 1726 by by IN 1727 1736 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1737 1738 ( ( ( 1738 1741 p50 p50 NN 1742 1743 + + SYM 1744 1747 p65 p65 NN 1747 1748 ) ) ) 1749 1752 and and CC 1753 1758 Ets-1 Ets-1 NNP 1758 1759 , , , 1760 1770 suggesting suggest VBG 1771 1775 that that IN 1776 1784 physical physical JJ 1785 1796 interaction interaction NN 1797 1804 between between IN 1805 1808 Ets Ets NNP 1809 1812 and and CC 1813 1822 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1823 1831 proteins protein NNS 1832 1834 is be VBZ 1835 1843 required require VBN 1844 1847 for for IN 1848 1851 the the DT 1852 1867 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 1868 1876 activity activity NN 1877 1879 of of IN 1880 1883 the the DT 1884 1889 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1890 1893 and and CC 1894 1899 HIV-2 hiv-2 NN 1900 1909 enhancers enhancer NNS 1909 1910 . . . 1911 1916 Taken take VBN 1917 1925 together together RB 1925 1926 , , , 1927 1932 these these DT 1933 1941 findings finding NNS 1942 1949 suggest suggest VBP 1950 1954 that that IN 1955 1969 evolutionarily evolutionarily RB 1970 1979 conserved conserve VBN 1980 1988 physical physical JJ 1989 2001 interactions interaction NNS 2002 2009 between between IN 2010 2013 Ets Ets NNP 2014 2017 and and CC 2018 2032 NF-kappaB/NFAT NF-kappaB/NFAT NNP 2033 2041 proteins protein NNS 2042 2045 are be VBP 2046 2055 important important JJ 2056 2058 in in IN 2059 2069 regulating regulate VBG 2070 2073 the the DT 2074 2083 inducible inducible JJ 2084 2094 expression expression NN 2095 2097 of of IN 2098 2104 T-cell t-cell NN 2105 2110 genes gene NNS 2111 2114 and and CC 2115 2122 viruses virus NNS 2122 2123 . . . 2124 2129 These these DT 2130 2142 interactions interaction NNS 2143 2152 represent represent VBP 2153 2154 a a DT 2155 2164 potential potential JJ 2165 2171 target target NN 2172 2175 for for IN 2176 2179 the the DT 2180 2191 development development NN 2192 2194 of of IN 2195 2200 novel novel JJ 2201 2218 immunosuppressive immunosuppressive JJ 2219 2222 and and CC 2223 2232 antiviral antiviral JJ 2233 2242 therapies therapy NNS 2242 2243 . . .