0 12 Cell-to-cell cell-to-cell JJ 13 20 contact contact NN 21 30 activates activate VBZ 31 34 the the DT 35 39 long long JJ 40 48 terminal terminal JJ 49 55 repeat repeat NN 56 58 of of IN 59 64 human human JJ 65 81 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 82 87 virus virus NN 88 89 1 1 CD 90 97 through through IN 98 101 its its PRP$ 102 108 kappaB kappab NN 109 114 motif motif NN 114 115 . . . 117 129 Cell-to-cell cell-to-cell JJ 130 137 contact contact NN 138 145 between between IN 146 156 peripheral peripheral JJ 157 162 blood blood NN 163 174 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS 175 178 and and CC 179 190 transfected transfecte VBN 191 196 human human JJ 197 204 colonic colonic JJ 205 214 carcinoma carcinoma NN 215 219 cell cell NN 220 224 line line NN 225 229 HT29 ht29 NN 230 239 activates activate VBZ 240 253 transcription transcription NN 254 256 of of IN 257 260 the the DT 261 265 long long JJ 266 274 terminal terminal JJ 275 282 repeats repeat NNS 283 284 ( ( ( 284 287 LTR LTR NNP 287 288 ) ) ) 289 291 of of IN 292 297 human human JJ 298 314 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 315 320 virus virus NN 320 321 . . . 322 327 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 328 331 LTR LTR NNP 332 345 transcription transcription NN 346 348 is be VBZ 349 359 controlled control VBN 360 362 by by IN 363 364 a a DT 365 372 complex complex JJ 373 378 array array NN 379 381 of of IN 382 395 virus-encoded virus-encoded JJ 396 399 and and CC 400 408 cellular cellular JJ 409 417 proteins protein NNS 417 418 . . . 419 424 Using use VBG 425 432 various various JJ 433 443 constructs construct NNS 444 454 expressing express VBG 455 456 a a DT 457 461 lacZ lacz NN 462 470 reporter reporter NN 471 475 gene gene NN 476 481 under under IN 482 485 the the DT 486 493 control control NN 494 496 of of IN 497 500 the the DT 501 507 intact intact JJ 508 510 or or CC 511 516 three three CD 517 524 deleted delete VBN 525 530 forms form NNS 531 533 of of IN 534 539 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 540 543 LTR LTR NNP 543 544 , , , 545 547 we we PRP 548 556 obtained obtain VBD 557 565 evidence evidence NN 566 570 that that IN 571 574 the the DT 575 581 kappaB kappab NN 582 592 regulatory regulatory JJ 593 601 elements element NNS 602 609 located located JJ 610 612 in in IN 613 616 the the DT 617 619 U3 u3 NN 620 626 region region NN 627 630 are be VBP 631 639 involved involve VBN 640 642 in in IN 643 655 cell-to-cell cell-to-cell JJ 656 666 activation activation NN 667 669 of of IN 670 675 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 676 679 LTR LTR NNP 679 680 . . . 681 693 Cell-to-cell cell-to-cell JJ 694 701 contact contact NN 702 711 activates activate VBZ 712 714 in in FW 715 720 vitro vitro FW 721 728 binding binding NN 729 731 of of IN 732 735 the the DT 736 743 nuclear nuclear JJ 744 750 factor factor NN 751 757 kappaB kappaB NNP 758 759 ( ( ( 759 768 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 768 769 ) ) ) 770 777 p50/p65 p50/p65 NN 778 789 heterodimer heterodimer NN 790 792 to to TO 793 795 an an DT 796 801 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 802 808 kappaB kappaB NNP 809 824 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide NN 824 825 . . . 826 838 Cell-to-cell cell-to-cell JJ 839 846 contact contact NN 847 857 activation activation NN 858 860 of of IN 861 870 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 871 874 was be VBD 875 879 only only RB 880 889 partially partially RB 890 899 inhibited inhibit VBN 900 902 by by IN 903 906 100 100 CD 907 913 microM microm NN 914 925 pyrrolidine pyrrolidine NN 926 941 dithiocarbamate dithiocarbamate NN 942 945 and and CC 946 949 was be VBD 950 953 not not RB 954 964 correlated correlate VBN 965 969 with with IN 970 971 a a DT 972 983 significant significant JJ 984 992 decrease decrease NN 993 995 of of IN 996 1004 cellular cellular JJ 1005 1014 inhibitor inhibitor NN 1015 1021 kappaB kappab NN 1022 1027 alpha alpha NN 1027 1028 . . . 1029 1038 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 1039 1046 nuclear nuclear JJ 1047 1057 activation activation NN 1058 1061 was be VBD 1062 1065 not not RB 1066 1076 detectable detectable JJ 1077 1083 before before IN 1084 1085 1 1 CD 1086 1087 h h NN 1088 1093 after after IN 1094 1098 cell cell NN 1099 1106 contact contact NN 1107 1110 and and CC 1111 1114 was be VBD 1115 1124 dependent dependent JJ 1125 1127 on on IN 1128 1135 protein protein NN 1136 1145 synthesis synthesis NN 1145 1146 . . .