0 8 Retinoic retinoic JJ 9 21 acid-induced acid-induced JJ 22 32 modulation modulation NN 33 35 of of IN 36 40 IL-2 il-2 NN 41 45 mRNA mrna NN 46 56 production production NN 57 60 and and CC 61 65 IL-2 il-2 NN 66 74 receptor receptor NN 75 85 expression expression NN 86 88 on on IN 89 90 T t NN 91 96 cells cell NNS 96 97 . . . 99 109 BACKGROUND background NN 109 110 : : : 111 119 Retinoic retinoic JJ 120 124 acid acid NN 125 126 ( ( ( 126 128 RA RA NNP 128 129 ) ) ) 130 133 has have VBZ 134 143 important important JJ 144 161 immune-modulating immune-modulating JJ 162 169 effects effect NNS 170 172 on on IN 173 177 both both CC 178 179 T t NN 180 183 and and CC 184 185 B B NNP 186 190 cell cell NN 191 199 function function NN 199 200 . . . 201 204 Our our PRP$ 205 215 laboratory laboratory NN 216 219 has have VBZ 220 225 shown show VBN 226 230 that that IN 231 233 RA RA NNP 234 237 can can MD 238 245 enhance enhance VB 246 248 in in FW 249 254 vitro vitro FW 255 265 polyclonal polyclonal JJ 266 267 B B NNP 268 272 cell cell NN 273 287 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN 288 289 ( ( ( 289 291 Ig ig NN 291 292 ) ) ) 293 301 response response NN 301 302 . . . 303 316 Investigating investigate VBG 317 326 cytokines cytokine NNS 327 332 known know VBN 333 335 to to TO 336 342 affect affect VB 343 344 B B NNP 345 349 cell cell NN 350 365 differentiation differentiation NN 365 366 , , , 367 369 we we PRP 370 374 have have VBP 375 383 recently recently RB 384 389 shown show VBN 390 394 that that IN 395 399 IL-6 IL-6 NNP 400 410 production production NN 411 413 is be VBZ 414 423 augmented augment VBN 424 426 by by IN 427 429 RA RA NNP 429 430 . . . 431 433 In in IN 434 437 the the DT 438 445 present present JJ 446 451 study study NN 452 454 we we PRP 455 459 have have VBP 460 468 examined examine VBN 469 472 the the DT 473 479 immune immune JJ 480 490 modulating modulating JJ 491 498 effects effect NNS 499 501 of of IN 502 504 RA RA NNP 505 507 on on IN 508 512 IL-2 IL-2 NNP 513 517 mRNA mRNA NNP 517 518 , , , 519 526 another another DT 527 536 important important JJ 537 545 cytokine cytokine NN 546 549 for for IN 550 551 B B NNP 552 556 cell cell NN 557 571 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN 572 582 production production NN 582 583 , , , 584 587 the the DT 588 598 expression expression NN 599 601 of of IN 602 606 IL-2 il-2 NN 607 616 receptors receptor NNS 617 619 on on IN 620 621 T t NN 622 627 cells cell NNS 627 628 , , , 629 632 and and CC 633 636 the the DT 637 639 RA RA NNP 640 647 nuclear nuclear JJ 648 657 receptors receptor NNS 657 658 . . . 659 666 METHODS methods NNS 666 667 : : : 668 676 Purified purify VBN 677 678 T t NN 679 684 cells cell NNS 685 689 were be VBD 690 698 obtained obtain VBN 699 703 from from IN 704 713 adenoidal adenoidal JJ 714 721 tissues tissue NNS 721 722 , , , 723 726 and and CC 727 736 incubated incubate VBN 737 741 with with IN 742 744 RA RA NNP 745 746 ( ( ( 746 752 10(-7) 10(-7) CD 753 754 M M NNP 754 755 ) ) ) 756 758 or or CC 759 763 DMSO DMSO NNP 764 777 solvent/media solvent/media NN 778 785 control control NN 786 789 for for IN 790 791 0 0 CD 791 792 , , , 793 796 6-8 6-8 CD 796 797 , , , 798 801 and and CC 802 804 24 24 CD 805 807 h. h. NN 808 813 Total total JJ 814 818 mRNA mRNA NNP 819 822 was be VBD 823 832 extracted extract VBN 833 837 from from IN 838 839 T t NN 840 845 cells cell NNS 845 846 , , , 847 850 and and CC 851 856 using use VBG 857 863 RT-PCR RT-PCR NNP 863 864 , , , 865 872 changes change NNS 873 875 in in IN 876 879 the the DT 880 890 production production NN 891 893 of of IN 894 898 IL-2 IL-2 NNP 899 902 and and CC 903 905 RA RA NNP 906 915 receptors receptor NNS 916 917 ( ( ( 917 938 RAR)-alpha,beta,gamma RAR)-alpha,beta,gamma NNP 939 943 mRNA mRNA NNP 944 948 were be VBD 949 959 determined determine VBN 959 960 . . . 961 964 The the DT 965 972 effects effect NNS 973 975 of of IN 976 978 RA RA NNP 979 981 on on IN 982 992 IL-2-alpha IL-2-alpha NNP 993 1001 receptor receptor NN 1002 1012 expression expression NN 1013 1016 was be VBD 1017 1027 determined determine VBN 1028 1030 by by IN 1031 1035 flow flow NN 1036 1045 cytometry cytometry NN 1046 1048 on on IN 1049 1050 T t NN 1051 1056 cells cell NNS 1056 1057 . . . 1058 1068 CONCLUSION conclusion NN 1068 1069 : : : 1070 1075 These these DT 1076 1083 studies study NNS 1084 1091 suggest suggest VBP 1092 1096 that that IN 1097 1099 RA RA NNP 1100 1103 can can MD 1104 1111 augment augment VB 1112 1116 IL-2 il-2 NN 1117 1121 mRNA mrna NN 1122 1132 production production NN 1133 1135 by by IN 1136 1137 T t NN 1138 1143 cells cell NNS 1144 1148 with with IN 1149 1150 a a DT 1151 1159 possible possible JJ 1160 1169 paracrine paracrine JJ 1170 1176 effect effect NN 1177 1179 on on IN 1180 1191 IL-2R-alpha IL-2R-alpha NNP 1192 1202 expression expression NN 1202 1203 . . . 1204 1209 These these DT 1210 1217 changes change NNS 1218 1224 appear appear VBP 1225 1227 to to TO 1228 1230 be be VB 1231 1239 mediated mediate VBN 1240 1242 by by IN 1243 1252 RAR-alpha RAR-alpha NNP 1252 1253 . . . 1254 1258 Thus thus RB 1258 1259 , , , 1260 1264 IL-2 il-2 NN 1265 1268 may may MD 1269 1271 be be VB 1272 1279 another another DT 1280 1289 important important JJ 1290 1298 cytokine cytokine NN 1299 1308 modulated modulate VBN 1309 1311 by by IN 1312 1314 RA RA NNP 1315 1317 in in IN 1318 1321 the the DT 1322 1328 immune immune JJ 1329 1337 response response NN 1337 1338 . . .