0 4 CD40 CD40 NNP 5 7 is be VBZ 8 9 a a DT 10 20 functional functional JJ 21 31 activation activation NN 32 39 antigen antigen NN 40 43 and and CC 44 58 B7-independent b7-independent JJ 59 60 T t NN 61 65 cell cell NN 66 79 costimulatory costimulatory JJ 80 88 molecule molecule NN 89 91 on on IN 92 98 normal normal JJ 99 104 human human JJ 105 109 lung lung NN 110 121 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS 121 122 . . . 124 128 CD40 CD40 NNP 129 131 is be VBZ 132 134 an an DT 135 144 important important JJ 145 154 signaling signaling NN 155 158 and and CC 159 169 activation activation NN 170 172 Ag ag NN 173 178 found find VBN 179 181 on on IN 182 189 certain certain JJ 190 194 bone bone NN 195 209 marrow-derived marrow-derived JJ 210 215 cells cell NNS 215 216 . . . 217 225 Recently recently RB 225 226 , , , 227 231 CD40 CD40 NNP 232 236 also also RB 237 240 has have VBZ 241 245 been be VBN 246 251 shown show VBN 252 254 to to TO 255 257 be be VB 258 267 expressed express VBN 268 270 by by IN 271 282 mesenchymal mesenchymal JJ 283 288 cells cell NNS 288 289 , , , 290 299 including include VBG 300 305 human human JJ 306 317 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS 317 318 . . . 319 325 Little little JJ 326 328 is be VBZ 329 334 known know VBN 335 340 about about IN 341 344 the the DT 345 349 role role NN 350 352 of of IN 353 357 CD40 cd40 NN 358 360 in in IN 361 372 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS 372 373 . . . 374 377 The the DT 378 385 current current JJ 386 391 study study NN 392 404 investigates investigate VBZ 405 408 the the DT 409 419 hypothesis hypothesis NN 420 424 that that IN 425 429 CD40 CD40 NNP 430 439 expressed express VBN 440 442 on on IN 443 447 lung lung NN 448 459 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS 460 462 is be VBZ 463 465 an an DT 466 476 activation activation NN 477 486 structure structure NN 487 490 and and CC 491 500 mechanism mechanism NN 501 504 for for IN 505 516 interaction interaction NN 517 521 with with IN 522 533 hemopoietic hemopoietic JJ 534 539 cells cell NNS 539 540 . . . 541 554 Communication Communication NNP 555 562 between between IN 563 571 resident resident JJ 572 578 tissue tissue NN 579 590 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS 591 594 and and CC 595 596 T t NN 597 602 cells cell NNS 603 605 is be VBZ 606 615 necessary necessary JJ 616 619 for for IN 620 626 normal normal JJ 627 632 wound wound NN 633 640 healing healing NN 640 641 , , , 642 645 and and CC 646 649 can can MD 650 652 be be VB 653 663 pathologic pathologic JJ 663 664 , , , 665 674 resulting result VBG 675 677 in in IN 678 684 tissue tissue NN 685 693 fibrosis fibrosis NN 693 694 . . . 695 704 Signaling signaling NN 705 712 through through IN 713 717 CD40 cd40 NN 718 722 with with IN 723 730 soluble soluble JJ 731 735 CD40 cd40 NN 736 742 ligand ligand NN 743 753 stimulated stimulate VBD 754 764 fibroblast fibroblast NN 765 775 activation activation NN 775 776 , , , 777 779 as as IN 780 789 evidenced evidence VBN 790 792 by by IN 793 805 mobilization mobilization NN 806 808 of of IN 809 816 nuclear nuclear JJ 817 830 factor-kappaB factor-kappab NN 831 834 and and CC 835 837 by by IN 838 847 induction induction NN 848 850 of of IN 851 854 the the DT 855 870 proinflammatory proinflammatory JJ 871 874 and and CC 875 890 chemoattractant chemoattractant JJ 891 900 cytokines cytokine NNS 901 905 IL-6 IL-6 NNP 906 909 and and CC 910 914 IL-8 il-8 NN 914 915 . . . 916 932 IFN-gamma-primed ifn-gamma-primed JJ 933 937 lung lung NN 938 949 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS 950 961 costimulate costimulate VBP 962 963 T t NN 964 974 lymphocyte lymphocyte NN 975 988 proliferation proliferation NN 989 998 utilizing utilize VBG 999 1003 CD40 cd40 NN 1003 1004 , , , 1005 1008 but but CC 1009 1012 not not RB 1013 1016 the the DT 1017 1029 well-studied well-studied JJ 1030 1043 costimulatory costimulatory JJ 1044 1053 molecules molecule NNS 1054 1058 B7-1 b7-1 NN 1059 1062 and and CC 1063 1067 B7-2 b7-2 NN 1067 1068 . . . 1069 1073 Data Datum NNP 1074 1082 reported report VBN 1083 1089 herein herein RB 1090 1097 support support VBP 1098 1101 the the DT 1102 1112 hypothesis hypothesis NN 1113 1117 that that IN 1118 1125 cognate cognate JJ 1126 1138 interactions interaction NNS 1139 1146 between between IN 1147 1153 tissue tissue NN 1154 1165 fibroblasts fibroblast NNS 1166 1169 and and CC 1170 1182 infiltrating infiltrate VBG 1183 1184 T t NN 1185 1196 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS 1196 1197 , , , 1198 1201 via via IN 1202 1205 the the DT 1206 1216 CD40/CD40L CD40/CD40L NNP 1217 1224 pathway pathway NN 1224 1225 , , , 1226 1233 augment augment NN 1234 1246 inflammation inflammation NN 1247 1250 and and CC 1251 1254 may may MD 1255 1262 promote promote VB 1263 1275 fibrogenesis fibrogenesis NN 1276 1278 by by IN 1279 1289 activating activate VBG 1290 1294 both both DT 1295 1299 cell cell NN 1300 1305 types type NNS 1305 1306 . . .