0 10 Activation Activation NNP 11 13 of of IN 14 21 nuclear nuclear JJ 22 34 factor-kappa factor-kappa NN 35 36 B b NN 37 39 by by IN 40 52 beta-amyloid beta-amyloid NN 53 61 peptides peptide NNS 62 65 and and CC 66 82 interferon-gamma interferon-gamma NN 83 85 in in IN 86 92 murine murine JJ 93 102 microglia microglia NNS 102 103 . . . 105 107 An an DT 108 118 increasing increase VBG 119 123 body body NN 124 126 of of IN 127 135 evidence evidence NN 136 144 suggests suggest VBZ 145 149 that that IN 150 162 amyloid-beta amyloid-beta NN 163 164 ( ( ( 164 165 A a NN 166 170 beta beta SYM 170 171 ) ) ) 172 180 peptides peptide NNS 181 184 and and CC 185 194 microglia microglia NNS 195 198 are be VBP 199 208 crucially crucially RB 209 217 involved involve VBN 218 220 in in IN 221 224 the the DT 225 237 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN 238 240 of of IN 241 250 Alzheimer Alzheimer NNP 250 252 ’s 's POS 253 260 disease disease NN 260 261 . . . 262 264 In in IN 265 267 an an DT 268 274 effort effort NN 275 277 to to TO 278 285 further further RB 286 295 elucidate elucidate VB 296 299 the the DT 300 310 biological biological JJ 311 318 effects effect NNS 319 321 of of IN 322 323 A a NN 324 328 beta beta SYM 329 336 towards towards IN 337 346 microglia microglia NNS 346 347 , , , 348 350 we we PRP 351 363 investigated investigate VBD 364 367 the the DT 368 375 ability ability NN 376 378 of of IN 379 380 A a NN 381 385 beta beta NN 386 394 peptides peptide NNS 395 397 to to TO 398 406 activate activate VB 407 414 nuclear nuclear JJ 415 421 factor factor NN 422 423 ( ( ( 423 432 NF)-kappa NF)-kappa NNP 433 434 B B NNP 435 437 in in IN 438 441 the the DT 442 444 N9 N9 NNP 445 451 murine murine JJ 452 462 microglial microglial JJ 463 467 cell cell NN 468 472 line line NN 472 473 . . . 474 488 Co-stimulation co-stimulation NN 489 491 of of IN 492 501 microglia microglia NNS 502 506 with with IN 507 517 suboptimal suboptimal JJ 518 532 concentrations concentration NNS 533 535 of of IN 536 537 A a NN 538 549 beta(25-35) beta(25-35) NN 550 553 and and CC 554 557 100 100 CD 558 562 U/ml U/ml NNP 563 566 IFN IFN NNP 567 572 gamma gamma NN 573 581 resulted result VBD 582 584 in in IN 585 588 the the DT 589 598 detection detection NN 599 601 of of IN 602 603 a a DT 604 612 specific specific JJ 613 621 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 622 623 B B NNP 624 635 DNA-binding dna-binding JJ 636 644 activity activity NN 645 647 in in IN 648 655 nuclear nuclear JJ 656 664 extracts extract NNS 664 665 , , , 666 668 as as IN 669 679 determined determine VBN 680 682 in in IN 683 686 gel gel NN 687 695 mobility mobility NN 696 701 shift shift NN 702 708 assays assay NNS 708 709 . . . 710 714 This this DT 715 723 response response NN 724 732 required require VBD 733 735 at at IN 736 741 least least JJS 742 745 120 120 CD 746 749 min min NN 750 752 to to TO 753 755 be be VB 756 763 evident evident JJ 764 767 and and CC 768 778 supershift supershift NN 779 790 experiments experiment NNS 791 799 revealed reveal VBD 800 804 that that IN 805 808 the the DT 809 817 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 818 819 B B NNP 820 827 complex complex NN 828 836 contains contain VBZ 837 841 both both CC 842 846 RelA RelA NNP 847 850 and and CC 851 854 p50 p50 NN 854 855 . . . 856 867 Accordingly accordingly RB 867 868 , , , 869 879 immunoblot immunoblot NN 880 891 experiments experiment NNS 892 898 showed show VBD 899 903 that that IN 904 911 amongst amongst IN 912 920 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 921 926 B/Rel B/Rel NNP 927 935 proteins protein NNS 935 936 , , , 937 941 RelA RelA NNP 942 945 and and CC 946 949 p50 p50 NN 950 953 are be VBP 954 963 mobilized mobilize VBN 964 966 to to TO 967 970 the the DT 971 978 nucleus nucleus NN 979 988 following follow VBG 989 999 microglial microglial JJ 1000 1004 cell cell NN 1005 1016 stimulation stimulation NN 1017 1021 with with IN 1022 1023 A a NN 1024 1035 beta(25-35) beta(25-35) NNP 1036 1040 plus plus CC 1041 1044 IFN IFN NNP 1045 1050 gamma gamma NN 1050 1051 . . . 1052 1058 Higher high JJR 1059 1073 concentrations concentration NNS 1074 1076 of of IN 1077 1078 A a NN 1079 1090 beta(25-35) beta(25-35) NN 1091 1095 were be VBD 1096 1105 effective effective JJ 1106 1108 by by IN 1109 1119 themselves themselves PRP 1120 1122 in in IN 1123 1131 inducing induce VBG 1132 1140 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1141 1142 B B NNP 1143 1153 activation activation NN 1153 1154 , , , 1155 1159 both both CC 1160 1162 in in IN 1163 1166 the the DT 1167 1169 N9 N9 NNP 1170 1180 microglial microglial JJ 1181 1185 cell cell NN 1186 1190 line line NN 1191 1194 and and CC 1195 1197 in in IN 1198 1201 rat rat NN 1202 1209 primary primary JJ 1210 1219 microglia microglia NNS 1219 1220 , , , 1221 1223 as as RB 1224 1228 well well RB 1229 1231 as as IN 1232 1234 in in IN 1235 1240 human human JJ 1241 1250 monocytes monocyte NNS 1250 1251 . . . 1252 1255 For for IN 1256 1264 purposes purpose NNS 1265 1267 of of IN 1268 1278 comparison comparison NN 1278 1279 , , , 1280 1289 microglia microglia NNS 1290 1294 were be VBD 1295 1299 also also RB 1300 1310 stimulated stimulate VBN 1311 1315 with with IN 1316 1325 bacterial bacterial JJ 1326 1329 LPS lps NN 1329 1330 , , , 1331 1332 a a DT 1333 1338 known know VBN 1339 1347 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1348 1349 B B NNP 1350 1357 inducer inducer NN 1357 1358 . . . 1359 1361 As as IN 1362 1370 expected expect VBN 1370 1371 , , , 1372 1375 LPS LPS NNP 1376 1384 strongly strongly RB 1385 1392 induced induce VBD 1393 1396 the the DT 1397 1406 formation formation NN 1407 1409 of of IN 1410 1413 two two CD 1414 1422 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1423 1424 B B NNP 1425 1436 DNA-binding dna-binding JJ 1437 1447 activities activity NNS 1447 1448 , , , 1449 1452 one one CD 1453 1455 of of IN 1456 1461 which which WDT 1462 1465 was be VBD 1466 1476 identified identify VBN 1477 1479 as as IN 1480 1488 RelA/p50 RelA/p50 NNP 1488 1489 . . . 1490 1493 The the DT 1494 1497 LPS LPS NNP 1498 1506 response response NN 1507 1510 was be VBD 1511 1515 also also RB 1516 1520 more more RBR 1521 1526 rapid rapid JJ 1526 1527 , , , 1528 1530 as as IN 1531 1533 it it PRP 1534 1537 was be VBD 1538 1545 already already RB 1546 1553 evident evident JJ 1554 1556 by by IN 1557 1559 40 40 CD 1560 1563 min min NN 1564 1567 and and CC 1568 1576 remained remain VBD 1577 1586 sustained sustained JJ 1587 1590 for for IN 1591 1593 up up IN 1594 1596 to to TO 1597 1598 3 3 CD 1599 1601 h. h. NN 1602 1614 Collectively collectively RB 1614 1615 , , , 1616 1621 these these DT 1622 1630 findings finding NNS 1631 1639 indicate indicate VBP 1640 1644 that that IN 1645 1653 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 1654 1655 B B NNP 1656 1666 activation activation NN 1667 1672 might might MD 1673 1683 constitute constitute VB 1684 1687 one one CD 1688 1690 of of IN 1691 1694 the the DT 1695 1705 mechanisms mechanism NNS 1706 1716 underlying underlie VBG 1717 1720 the the DT 1721 1730 inducible inducible JJ 1731 1741 expression expression NN 1742 1744 of of IN 1745 1750 kappa kappa NN 1751 1762 B-dependent b-dependent JJ 1763 1768 genes gene NNS 1769 1771 in in IN 1772 1781 microglia microglia NNS 1782 1792 stimulated stimulate VBN 1793 1795 by by IN 1796 1797 A a NN 1798 1802 beta beta NN 1803 1811 peptides peptide NNS 1812 1815 and and CC 1816 1819 IFN ifn NN 1820 1825 gamma gamma NN 1825 1826 , , , 1827 1829 or or CC 1830 1832 by by IN 1833 1836 LPS LPS NNP 1836 1837 . . .