0 3 The the DT 4 11 ability ability NN 12 14 of of IN 15 20 BHRF1 bhrf1 NN 21 23 to to TO 24 31 inhibit inhibit VB 32 41 apoptosis apoptosis NN 42 44 is be VBZ 45 54 dependent dependent JJ 55 57 on on IN 58 66 stimulus stimulus NN 67 70 and and CC 71 75 cell cell NN 76 80 type type NN 80 81 . . . 83 86 The the DT 87 98 development development NN 99 101 of of IN 102 112 resistance resistance NN 113 115 to to TO 116 120 host host NN 121 128 defense defense NN 129 139 mechanisms mechanism NNS 140 144 such such JJ 145 147 as as IN 148 153 tumor tumor NN 154 162 necrosis necrosis NN 163 169 factor factor NN 170 171 ( ( ( 171 176 TNF)- TNF)- NNP 177 180 and and CC 181 193 Fas-mediated fas-mediated JJ 194 203 apoptosis apoptosis NN 204 206 of of IN 207 218 transformed transform VBN 219 221 or or CC 222 236 virus-infected virus-infected JJ 237 242 cells cell NNS 243 246 may may MD 247 249 be be VB 250 251 a a DT 252 260 critical critical JJ 261 270 component component NN 271 273 in in IN 274 277 the the DT 278 289 development development NN 290 292 of of IN 293 300 disease disease NN 300 301 . . . 302 304 To to TO 305 309 find find VB 310 315 genes gene NNS 316 320 that that WDT 321 328 protect protect VBP 329 334 cells cell NNS 335 339 from from IN 340 349 apoptosis apoptosis NN 349 350 , , , 351 353 we we PRP 354 358 used use VBD 359 361 an an DT 362 372 expression expression NN 373 380 cloning cloning NN 381 389 strategy strategy NN 390 393 and and CC 394 404 identified identify VBD 405 410 BHRF1 bhrf1 NN 410 411 , , , 412 414 an an DT 415 427 Epstein-Barr epstein-barr JJ 428 433 virus virus NN 434 435 ( ( ( 435 438 EBV EBV NNP 438 439 ) ) ) 440 457 early-lytic-cycle early-lytic-cycle JJ 458 465 protein protein NN 466 470 with with IN 471 478 distant distant JJ 479 487 homology homology NN 488 490 to to TO 491 496 Bcl-2 bcl-2 NN 496 497 , , , 498 500 as as IN 501 503 an an DT 504 518 anti-apoptosis anti-apoptosis JJ 519 526 protein protein NN 526 527 . . . 528 538 Expression expression NN 539 541 of of IN 542 547 BHRF1 BHRF1 NNP 548 550 in in IN 551 558 MCF-Fas MCF-Fas NNP 559 564 cells cell NNS 565 574 conferred confer VBD 575 581 nearly nearly RB 582 590 complete complete JJ 591 601 resistance resistance NN 602 609 against against IN 610 614 both both CC 615 623 anti-Fas anti-fas JJ 624 632 antibody antibody NN 633 636 and and CC 637 649 TNF-mediated tnf-mediated JJ 650 659 apoptosis apoptosis NN 659 660 . . . 661 663 In in IN 664 672 addition addition NN 672 673 , , , 674 679 BHRF1 BHRF1 NNP 680 689 protected protect VBD 690 695 these these DT 696 701 cells cell NNS 702 706 from from IN 707 724 monocyte-mediated monocyte-mediated JJ 725 732 killing killing NN 733 736 but but CC 737 743 failed fail VBD 744 746 to to TO 747 754 protect protect VB 755 759 them them PRP 760 764 from from IN 765 772 killing kill VBG 773 781 mediated mediate VBN 782 784 by by IN 785 805 lymphokine-activated lymphokine-activated JJ 806 812 killer killer NN 813 818 cells cell NNS 818 819 . . . 820 823 The the DT 824 831 ability ability NN 832 834 of of IN 835 840 BHRF1 bhrf1 NN 841 843 to to TO 844 851 protect protect VB 852 859 MCF-Fas MCF-Fas NNP 860 865 cells cell NNS 866 870 from from IN 871 880 apoptosis apoptosis NN 881 888 induced induce VBN 889 891 by by IN 892 899 various various JJ 900 907 stimuli stimulus NNS 908 911 was be VBD 912 921 identical identical JJ 922 924 to to TO 925 929 that that DT 930 932 of of IN 933 938 Bcl-2 Bcl-2 NNP 939 942 and and CC 943 949 Bcl-xL Bcl-xL NNP 949 950 . . . 951 959 Moreover moreover RB 959 960 , , , 961 964 the the DT 965 974 mechanism mechanism NN 975 977 of of IN 978 984 action action NN 985 987 of of IN 988 993 BHRF1 BHRF1 NNP 994 1003 resembled resemble VBD 1004 1008 that that DT 1009 1011 of of IN 1012 1017 Bcl-2 bcl-2 NN 1018 1021 and and CC 1022 1028 Bcl-xL Bcl-xL NNP 1029 1031 as as IN 1032 1034 it it PRP 1035 1044 inhibited inhibit VBD 1045 1049 TNF- tnf- NN 1050 1053 and and CC 1054 1070 anti-Fas-induced anti-fas-induced JJ 1071 1081 activation activation NN 1082 1084 of of IN 1085 1088 two two CD 1089 1096 enzymes enzyme NNS 1097 1110 participating participate VBG 1111 1113 in in IN 1114 1117 the the DT 1118 1127 apoptosis apoptosis NN 1128 1135 pathway pathway NN 1135 1136 , , , 1137 1146 cytosolic cytosolic JJ 1147 1160 phospholipase phospholipase NN 1161 1163 A2 a2 NN 1164 1167 and and CC 1168 1183 caspase-3/CPP32 caspase-3/cpp32 NN 1183 1184 , , , 1185 1188 but but CC 1189 1192 did do VBD 1193 1196 not not RB 1197 1206 interfere interfere VB 1207 1211 with with IN 1212 1215 the the DT 1216 1226 activation activation NN 1227 1229 of of IN 1230 1244 NF-kappaB-like nf-kappab-like JJ 1245 1258 transcription transcription NN 1259 1266 factors factor NNS 1266 1267 . . . 1268 1269 A a DT 1270 1278 putative putative JJ 1279 1287 function function NN 1288 1290 of of IN 1291 1296 BHRF1 bhrf1 NN 1297 1299 in in IN 1300 1312 EBV-infected ebv-infected JJ 1313 1323 epithelial epithelial JJ 1324 1329 cells cell NNS 1330 1333 may may MD 1334 1336 be be VB 1337 1339 to to TO 1340 1347 protect protect VB 1348 1362 virus-infected virus-infected JJ 1363 1368 cells cell NNS 1369 1373 from from IN 1374 1378 TNF- tnf- NN 1379 1385 and/or and/or CC 1386 1395 anti-Fas- anti-fas- NN 1396 1403 induced induce VBD 1404 1408 cell cell NN 1409 1414 death death NN 1415 1417 in in IN 1418 1423 order order NN 1424 1426 to to TO 1427 1435 maximize maximize VB 1436 1441 virus virus NN 1442 1452 production production NN 1452 1453 . . . 1454 1466 Surprisingly surprisingly RB 1466 1467 , , , 1468 1478 expression expression NN 1479 1481 of of IN 1482 1489 neither neither CC 1490 1495 BHRF1 bhrf1 NN 1496 1499 nor nor CC 1500 1505 Bcl-2 bcl-2 NN 1506 1508 in in IN 1509 1510 a a DT 1511 1517 B-cell b-cell NN 1518 1522 line line NN 1522 1523 , , , 1524 1528 BJAB BJAB NNP 1528 1529 , , , 1530 1539 protected protect VBD 1540 1543 the the DT 1544 1549 cells cell NNS 1550 1554 from from IN 1555 1572 anti-Fas-mediated anti-fas-mediated JJ 1573 1582 apoptosis apoptosis NN 1583 1587 even even RB 1588 1594 though though IN 1595 1599 they they PRP 1600 1609 increased increase VBD 1610 1613 the the DT 1614 1622 survival survival NN 1623 1625 of of IN 1626 1639 serum-starved serum-starved JJ 1640 1645 cells cell NNS 1645 1646 . . . 1647 1651 Thus thus RB 1651 1652 , , , 1653 1656 the the DT 1657 1667 protective protective JJ 1668 1672 role role NN 1673 1675 of of IN 1676 1681 BHRF1 bhrf1 NN 1682 1689 against against IN 1690 1699 apoptosis apoptosis NN 1700 1709 resembles resemble VBZ 1710 1714 that that DT 1715 1717 of of IN 1718 1723 Bcl-2 bcl-2 NN 1724 1726 in in IN 1727 1732 being be VBG 1733 1737 cell cell NN 1738 1742 type type NN 1743 1751 specific specific JJ 1752 1755 and and CC 1756 1765 dependent dependent JJ 1766 1768 on on IN 1769 1772 the the DT 1773 1782 apoptotic apoptotic JJ 1783 1791 stimulus stimulus NN 1791 1792 . . .