0 12 Constitutive constitutive JJ 13 23 expression expression NN 24 29 c-fos c-fos NN 29 30 , , , 31 36 c-jun c-jun NN 36 37 , , , 38 41 and and CC 42 44 NF NF NNP 45 50 kappa kappa NN 51 52 B B NNP 53 57 mRNA mRNA NNP 58 60 is be VBZ 61 63 in in IN 64 73 nucleated nucleated JJ 74 79 fetal fetal JJ 80 85 blood blood NN 86 91 cells cell NNS 92 95 and and CC 96 109 up-regulation up-regulation NN 110 112 of of IN 113 118 c-fos c-fos NN 119 122 and and CC 123 128 c-jun c-jun NN 129 133 with with IN 134 142 anti-CD3 anti-cd3 JJ 143 154 stimulation stimulation NN 154 155 . . . 157 162 Fetal fetal JJ 163 166 and and CC 167 175 neonatal neonatal JJ 176 187 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS 188 191 are be VBP 192 202 relatively relatively RB 203 212 resistant resistant JJ 213 215 to to TO 216 226 activation activation NN 227 230 and and CC 231 239 cytokine cytokine NN 240 250 production production NN 251 255 when when WRB 256 266 stimulated stimulate VBN 267 273 either either CC 274 277 via via IN 278 283 their their PRP$ 284 290 T-cell t-cell NN 291 298 antigen antigen NN 299 308 receptors receptor NNS 309 311 or or CC 312 319 lectins lectin NNS 319 320 . . . 321 324 The the DT 325 334 molecular molecular JJ 335 347 mechanism(s) mechanism(s) NN 348 359 responsible responsible JJ 360 363 for for IN 364 368 this this DT 369 379 phenomenon phenomenon NN 380 384 have have VBP 385 388 not not RB 389 393 been be VBN 394 401 clearly clearly RB 402 412 elucidated elucidate VBN 412 413 . . . 414 416 We we PRP 417 421 have have VBP 422 434 hypothesized hypothesize VBN 435 439 that that IN 440 444 such such JJ 445 452 defects defect NNS 453 455 in in IN 456 470 fetal/neonatal fetal/neonatal JJ 471 477 T-cell t-cell NN 478 488 activation activation NN 489 492 may may MD 493 495 be be VB 496 499 due due JJ 500 502 to to TO 503 507 lack lack NN 508 510 of of IN 511 521 expression expression NN 522 524 of of IN 525 528 the the DT 529 544 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 545 555 regulatory regulatory JJ 556 564 elements element NNS 565 573 required require VBN 574 577 for for IN 578 584 T-cell t-cell NN 585 595 activation activation NN 595 596 . . . 597 599 We we PRP 600 604 used use VBD 605 612 reverse reverse JJ 613 637 transcriptase-polymerase transcriptase-polymerase NN 638 643 chain chain NN 644 652 reaction reaction NN 653 655 to to TO 656 663 examine examine VB 664 668 both both CC 669 674 fetal fetal JJ 675 678 and and CC 679 683 term term NN 684 692 neonatal neonatal JJ 693 697 cord cord NN 698 704 bloods blood NNS 705 708 for for IN 709 713 mRNA mrna NN 714 724 expression expression NN 725 727 of of IN 728 733 three three CD 734 747 transcription transcription NN 748 755 factors factor NNS 756 766 implicated implicate VBN 767 769 in in IN 770 776 T-cell t-cell NN 777 787 activation activation NN 787 788 : : : 789 794 c-jun c-jun NN 794 795 , , , 796 801 c-fos c-fos NN 801 802 , , , 803 806 and and CC 807 809 NF NF NNP 810 815 kappa kappa NN 816 817 B B NNP 818 819 ( ( ( 819 822 p50 p50 NN 823 830 subunit subunit NN 830 831 ) ) ) 831 832 . . . 833 835 We we PRP 836 847 demonstrate demonstrate VBP 848 852 that that IN 853 858 mRNAs mrna NNS 859 862 for for IN 863 866 all all DT 867 872 three three CD 873 875 of of IN 876 881 these these DT 882 892 regulatory regulatory JJ 893 900 factors factor NNS 901 904 are be VBP 905 914 expressed express VBN 915 917 in in IN 918 923 fetal fetal JJ 924 929 blood blood NN 930 935 cells cell NNS 936 938 by by IN 939 942 the the DT 943 947 27th 27th JJ 948 952 week week NN 953 955 of of IN 956 965 gestation gestation NN 966 969 and and CC 970 972 in in IN 973 977 term term NN 978 982 cord cord NN 983 989 bloods blood NNS 989 990 . . . 991 1001 Activation Activation NNP 1002 1004 of of IN 1005 1009 term term NN 1010 1016 infant infant NN 1017 1021 cord cord NN 1022 1027 blood blood NN 1028 1039 mononuclear mononuclear JJ 1040 1045 cells cell NNS 1046 1050 with with IN 1051 1059 anti-CD3 anti-cd3 JJ 1060 1070 monoclonal monoclonal JJ 1071 1081 antibodies antibody NNS 1082 1090 resulted result VBD 1091 1093 in in IN 1094 1107 up-regulation up-regulation NN 1108 1110 of of IN 1111 1115 both both CC 1116 1121 c-jun c-jun NN 1122 1125 and and CC 1126 1131 c-fos c-fos NN 1132 1137 mRNAs mrna NNS 1138 1144 within within IN 1145 1147 15 15 CD 1148 1151 min min NN 1152 1154 of of IN 1155 1166 stimulation stimulation NN 1166 1167 . . . 1168 1175 However however RB 1175 1176 , , , 1177 1186 secretion secretion NN 1187 1189 of of IN 1190 1194 IL-2 il-2 NN 1195 1197 by by IN 1198 1217 anti-CD3-stimulated anti-cd3-stimulated JJ 1218 1222 cord cord NN 1223 1228 blood blood NN 1229 1240 mononuclear mononuclear JJ 1241 1246 cells cell NNS 1247 1250 was be VBD 1251 1256 still still RB 1257 1264 blunted blunt VBN 1265 1273 compared compare VBN 1274 1278 with with IN 1279 1286 control control NN 1287 1292 cells cell NNS 1293 1297 from from IN 1298 1304 adults adult NNS 1304 1305 . . . 1306 1308 We we PRP 1309 1317 conclude conclude VBP 1318 1322 that that IN 1323 1328 fetal fetal JJ 1329 1338 nucleated nucleated JJ 1339 1344 blood blood NN 1345 1350 cells cell NNS 1351 1365 constitutively constitutively RB 1366 1373 express express VBP 1374 1383 important important JJ 1384 1389 genes gene NNS 1390 1393 for for IN 1394 1402 cytokine cytokine NN 1403 1413 regulation regulation NN 1414 1417 and and CC 1418 1421 are be VBP 1422 1426 able able JJ 1427 1429 to to TO 1430 1438 increase increase VB 1439 1452 intracellular intracellular JJ 1453 1465 accumulation accumulation NN 1466 1468 of of IN 1469 1472 the the DT 1473 1478 mRNAs mrna NNS 1479 1482 for for IN 1483 1488 these these DT 1489 1496 factors factor NNS 1497 1499 in in IN 1500 1508 response response NN 1509 1511 to to TO 1512 1520 anti-CD3 anti-cd3 JJ 1521 1532 stimulation stimulation NN 1532 1533 . . . 1534 1538 Thus thus RB 1538 1539 , , , 1540 1551 qualitative qualitative JJ 1552 1563 differences difference NNS 1564 1566 in in IN 1567 1570 the the DT 1571 1579 capacity capacity NN 1580 1582 to to TO 1583 1591 regulate regulate VB 1592 1597 these these DT 1598 1605 factors factor NNS 1606 1611 could could MD 1612 1615 not not RB 1616 1618 be be VB 1619 1624 shown show VBN 1625 1627 in in IN 1628 1633 fetal fetal JJ 1634 1639 blood blood NN 1640 1645 cells cell NNS 1645 1646 . . . 1647 1659 Quantitative quantitative JJ 1660 1671 experiments experiment NNS 1672 1681 comparing compare VBG 1682 1689 binding binding NN 1690 1692 of of IN 1693 1698 these these DT 1699 1712 transcription transcription NN 1713 1720 factors factor NNS 1721 1723 to to TO 1724 1727 the the DT 1728 1732 IL-2 il-2 NN 1733 1741 promoter promoter NN 1742 1745 are be VBP 1746 1755 currently currently RB 1756 1761 under under IN 1762 1775 investigation investigation NN 1775 1776 . . .