0 8 Cellular cellular JJ 9 12 and and CC 13 22 molecular molecular JJ 23 33 mechanisms mechanism NNS 34 36 of of IN 37 41 IL-5 il-5 NN 42 51 synthesis synthesis NN 52 54 in in IN 55 61 atopic atopic JJ 62 70 diseases disease NNS 70 71 : : : 72 73 a a DT 74 79 study study NN 80 84 with with IN 85 102 allergen-specific allergen-specific JJ 103 108 human human JJ 109 115 helper helper NN 116 117 T t NN 118 123 cells cell NNS 123 124 . . . 126 136 BACKGROUND background NN 136 137 : : : 138 147 Cytokines Cytokine NNP 148 156 produced produce VBN 157 159 by by IN 160 166 helper helper NN 167 168 T t NN 169 174 cells cell NNS 175 178 are be VBP 179 189 intimately intimately RB 190 198 involved involve VBN 199 201 in in IN 202 209 chronic chronic JJ 210 218 allergic allergic JJ 219 227 diseases disease NNS 228 238 associated associate VBN 239 243 with with IN 244 256 eosinophilic eosinophilic JJ 257 269 inflammation inflammation NN 269 270 . . . 271 280 OBJECTIVE objective NN 280 281 : : : 282 284 We we PRP 285 297 investigated investigate VBD 298 301 the the DT 302 312 production production NN 313 315 of of IN 316 320 IL-5 IL-5 NNP 320 321 , , , 322 323 a a DT 324 330 potent potent JJ 331 337 growth growth NN 338 344 factor factor NN 345 348 and and CC 349 360 chemotactic chemotactic JJ 361 367 factor factor NN 368 371 for for IN 372 383 eosinophils eosinophil NNS 383 384 , , , 385 387 by by IN 388 392 CD4+ cd4+ JJ 393 394 T t NN 395 406 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS 407 409 in in IN 410 418 patients patient NNS 419 423 with with IN 424 430 asthma asthma NN 430 431 . . . 432 439 METHODS methods NNS 439 440 : : : 441 458 Allergen-specific allergen-specific JJ 459 460 T t NN 461 465 cell cell NN 466 472 clones clone NNS 473 476 and and CC 477 478 T t NN 479 483 cell cell NN 484 494 hybridomas hybridoma NNS 495 499 were be VBD 500 511 established establish VBN 512 516 from from IN 517 520 the the DT 521 531 peripheral peripheral JJ 532 537 blood blood NN 538 549 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS 550 552 of of IN 553 561 patients patient NNS 562 566 with with IN 567 573 asthma asthma NN 573 574 , , , 575 578 and and CC 579 582 the the DT 583 592 responses response NNS 593 595 to to TO 596 603 various various JJ 604 611 stimuli stimulus NNS 612 616 were be VBD 617 627 determined determine VBN 627 628 . . . 629 636 RESULTS results NNS 636 637 : : : 638 643 After after IN 644 655 nonspecific nonspecific JJ 656 667 stimulation stimulation NN 667 668 , , , 669 673 IL-5 IL-5 NNP 674 684 production production NN 685 687 by by IN 688 692 CD4+ cd4+ JJ 693 694 T t NN 695 700 cells cell NNS 701 705 from from IN 706 710 both both CC 711 717 atopic atopic JJ 718 721 and and CC 722 731 nonatopic nonatopic JJ 732 740 subjects subject NNS 741 745 with with IN 746 752 asthma asthma NN 753 756 was be VBD 757 770 significantly significantly RB 771 779 enhanced enhance VBN 780 788 compared compare VBN 789 793 with with IN 794 798 that that DT 799 801 by by IN 802 807 cells cell NNS 808 812 from from IN 813 820 healthy healthy JJ 821 829 controls control NNS 829 830 . . . 831 841 Peripheral peripheral JJ 842 847 blood blood NN 848 859 mononuclear mononuclear JJ 860 865 cells cell NNS 866 870 from from IN 871 877 atopic atopic JJ 878 884 asthma asthma NN 885 893 patients patient NNS 894 898 both both CC 899 911 proliferated proliferate VBD 912 915 and and CC 916 924 produced produce VBD 925 929 IL-5 il-5 NN 930 935 after after IN 936 946 incubation incubation NN 947 951 with with IN 952 956 mite mite JJ 957 965 allergen allergen NN 965 966 , , , 967 977 suggesting suggest VBG 978 982 that that IN 983 996 mite-specific mite-specific JJ 997 1003 helper helper NN 1004 1005 T t NN 1006 1011 cells cell NNS 1012 1016 were be VBD 1017 1025 involved involve VBN 1026 1028 in in IN 1029 1032 the the DT 1033 1045 eosinophilic eosinophilic JJ 1046 1058 inflammation inflammation NN 1059 1061 of of IN 1062 1068 atopic atopic JJ 1069 1075 asthma asthma NN 1075 1076 . . . 1077 1078 A a DT 1079 1084 human human JJ 1085 1089 IL-5 il-5 NN 1090 1107 promoter/enhancer promoter/enhancer NN 1108 1118 luciferase luciferase NN 1119 1123 gene gene NN 1124 1133 construct construct NN 1134 1145 transfected transfecte VBN 1146 1150 into into IN 1151 1165 IL-5-producing il-5-producing JJ 1166 1167 T t NN 1168 1172 cell cell NN 1173 1179 clones clone NNS 1180 1183 was be VBD 1184 1191 clearly clearly RB 1192 1203 transcribed transcribe VBN 1204 1209 after after IN 1210 1221 stimulation stimulation NN 1221 1222 , , , 1223 1233 indicating indicate VBG 1234 1238 that that IN 1239 1242 the the DT 1243 1246 515 515 CD 1247 1251 base base NN 1252 1256 pair pair NN 1257 1261 IL-5 il-5 NN 1262 1266 gene gene NN 1267 1274 segment segment NN 1275 1283 upstream upstream JJ 1284 1286 of of IN 1287 1290 the the DT 1291 1297 coding cod VBG 1298 1304 region region NN 1305 1308 was be VBD 1309 1319 sufficient sufficient JJ 1320 1322 to to TO 1323 1330 respond respond VB 1331 1333 to to TO 1334 1344 activating activate VBG 1345 1352 signals signal NNS 1353 1355 in in IN 1356 1361 human human JJ 1362 1368 helper helper NN 1369 1370 T t NN 1371 1376 cells cell NNS 1376 1377 . . . 1378 1381 The the DT 1382 1386 same same JJ 1387 1391 gene gene NN 1392 1399 segment segment NN 1400 1403 was be VBD 1404 1407 not not RB 1408 1419 transcribed transcribe VBN 1420 1422 in in IN 1423 1440 IL-5-nonproducing il-5-nonproducing JJ 1441 1442 T t NN 1443 1447 cell cell NN 1448 1454 clones clone NNS 1454 1455 , , , 1456 1466 suggesting suggest VBG 1467 1471 that that IN 1472 1477 human human JJ 1478 1479 T t NN 1480 1484 cell cell NN 1485 1489 IL-5 il-5 NN 1490 1499 synthesis synthesis NN 1500 1502 is be VBZ 1503 1512 regulated regulate VBN 1513 1515 at at IN 1516 1519 the the DT 1520 1535 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 1536 1541 level level NN 1541 1542 . . . 1543 1554 Experiments experiment NNS 1555 1559 with with IN 1560 1561 T t NN 1562 1566 cell cell NN 1567 1577 hybridomas hybridoma NNS 1578 1587 confirmed confirm VBD 1588 1593 these these DT 1594 1602 findings finding NNS 1603 1606 and and CC 1607 1616 suggested suggest VBD 1617 1621 that that IN 1622 1623 a a DT 1624 1630 unique unique JJ 1631 1644 transcription transcription NN 1645 1651 factor factor NN 1652 1655 may may MD 1656 1658 be be VB 1659 1668 essential essential JJ 1669 1672 for for IN 1673 1678 human human JJ 1679 1683 IL-5 il-5 NN 1684 1688 gene gene NN 1689 1702 transcription transcription NN 1702 1703 . . . 1704 1714 CONCLUSION conclusion NN 1714 1715 : : : 1716 1724 Enhanced enhance VBN 1725 1729 IL-5 il-5 NN 1730 1740 production production NN 1741 1743 by by IN 1744 1750 helper helper NN 1751 1752 T t NN 1753 1758 cells cell NNS 1759 1764 seems seem VBZ 1765 1767 to to TO 1768 1773 cause cause VB 1774 1777 the the DT 1778 1790 eosinophilic eosinophilic JJ 1791 1803 inflammation inflammation NN 1804 1806 of of IN 1807 1811 both both CC 1812 1818 atopic atopic JJ 1819 1822 and and CC 1823 1832 nonatopic nonatopic JJ 1833 1839 asthma asthma NN 1839 1840 . . . 1841 1852 Elucidation elucidation NN 1853 1855 of of IN 1856 1869 IL-5-specific il-5-specific JJ 1870 1880 regulatory regulatory JJ 1881 1891 mechanisms mechanism NNS 1892 1895 may may MD 1896 1906 facilitate facilitate VB 1907 1910 the the DT 1911 1922 development development NN 1923 1925 of of IN 1926 1931 novel novel JJ 1932 1942 treatments treatment NNS 1943 1946 for for IN 1947 1955 allergic allergic JJ 1956 1964 diseases disease NNS 1965 1975 associated associate VBN 1976 1980 with with IN 1981 1993 eosinophilic eosinophilic JJ 1994 2006 inflammation inflammation NN 2006 2007 . . .