0 3 The the DT 4 9 human human JJ 10 14 toll toll NN 15 24 signaling signaling NN 25 32 pathway pathway NN 32 33 : : : 34 44 divergence divergence NN 45 47 of of IN 48 55 nuclear nuclear JJ 56 62 factor factor NN 63 69 kappaB kappab NN 70 73 and and CC 74 82 JNK/SAPK JNK/SAPK NNP 83 93 activation activation NN 94 102 upstream upstream RB 103 105 of of IN 106 111 tumor tumor NN 112 120 necrosis necrosis NN 121 127 factor factor NN 128 147 receptor-associated receptor-associated JJ 148 154 factor factor NN 155 156 6 6 CD 157 158 ( ( ( 158 163 TRAF6 TRAF6 NNP 163 164 ) ) ) 164 165 . . . 167 170 The the DT 171 176 human human JJ 177 186 homologue homologue NN 187 189 of of IN 190 200 Drosophila drosophila FW 201 205 Toll Toll NNP 206 207 ( ( ( 207 212 hToll htoll NN 212 213 ) ) ) 214 216 is be VBZ 217 218 a a DT 219 227 recently recently RB 228 234 cloned clone VBN 235 243 receptor receptor NN 244 246 of of IN 247 250 the the DT 251 262 interleukin interleukin NN 263 264 1 1 CD 265 273 receptor receptor NN 274 275 ( ( ( 275 280 IL-1R IL-1R NNP 280 281 ) ) ) 282 293 superfamily superfamily NN 293 294 , , , 295 298 and and CC 299 302 has have VBZ 303 307 been be VBN 308 318 implicated implicate VBN 319 321 in in IN 322 325 the the DT 326 336 activation activation NN 337 339 of of IN 340 348 adaptive adaptive JJ 349 357 immunity immunity NN 357 358 . . . 359 368 Signaling signaling NN 369 371 by by IN 372 377 hToll htoll NN 378 380 is be VBZ 381 386 shown show VBN 387 389 to to TO 390 395 occur occur VB 396 403 through through IN 404 414 sequential sequential JJ 415 426 recruitment recruitment NN 427 429 of of IN 430 433 the the DT 434 441 adapter adapter NN 442 450 molecule molecule NN 451 456 MyD88 myd88 NN 457 460 and and CC 461 464 the the DT 465 481 IL-1R-associated il-1r-associated JJ 482 488 kinase kinase NNP 488 489 . . . 490 495 Tumor tumor NN 496 504 necrosis necrosis NN 505 511 factor factor NN 512 530 receptor-activated receptor-activated JJ 531 537 factor factor NN 538 539 6 6 CD 540 541 ( ( ( 541 546 TRAF6 TRAF6 NNP 546 547 ) ) ) 548 551 and and CC 552 555 the the DT 556 563 nuclear nuclear JJ 564 570 factor factor NN 571 577 kappaB kappaB NNP 578 579 ( ( ( 579 598 NF-kappaB)-inducing NF-kappaB)-inducing NNP 599 605 kinase kinase NNP 606 607 ( ( ( 607 610 NIK NIK NNP 610 611 ) ) ) 612 615 are be VBP 616 620 both both DT 621 629 involved involve VBN 630 632 in in IN 633 643 subsequent subsequent JJ 644 649 steps step NNS 650 652 of of IN 653 662 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 663 673 activation activation NN 673 674 . . . 675 685 Conversely conversely RB 685 686 , , , 687 688 a a DT 689 697 dominant dominant JJ 698 706 negative negative JJ 707 714 version version NN 715 717 of of IN 718 723 TRAF6 TRAF6 NNP 724 730 failed fail VBD 731 733 to to TO 734 739 block block VB 740 753 hToll-induced htoll-induced JJ 754 764 activation activation NN 765 767 of of IN 768 784 stress-activated stress-activated JJ 785 792 protein protein NN 793 805 kinase/c-Jun kinase/c-jun NN 806 818 NH2-terminal nh2-terminal JJ 819 826 kinases kinase NNS 826 827 , , , 828 832 thus thus RB 833 843 suggesting suggest VBG 844 846 an an DT 847 852 early early JJ 853 863 divergence divergence NN 864 866 of of IN 867 870 the the DT 871 874 two two CD 875 883 pathways pathway NNS 883 884 . . .