0 13 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP 14 26 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN 27 41 mannose-capped mannose-capped JJ 42 59 lipoarabinomannan lipoarabinomannan NN 60 63 can can MD 64 70 induce induce VB 71 90 NF-kappaB-dependent nf-kappab-dependent JJ 91 101 activation activation NN 102 104 of of IN 105 110 human human JJ 111 127 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 128 133 virus virus NN 134 138 type type NN 139 140 1 1 CD 141 145 long long JJ 146 154 terminal terminal JJ 155 161 repeat repeat NN 162 164 in in IN 165 166 T t NN 167 172 cells cell NNS 172 173 . . . 175 187 Tuberculosis Tuberculosis NNP 188 191 has have VBZ 192 199 emerged emerge VBN 200 202 as as IN 203 205 an an DT 206 214 epidemic epidemic JJ 214 215 , , , 216 224 extended extend VBN 225 227 by by IN 228 231 the the DT 232 237 large large JJ 238 244 number number NN 245 247 of of IN 248 259 individuals individual NNS 260 268 infected infect VBN 269 273 with with IN 274 279 human human JJ 280 296 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 297 302 virus virus NN 303 307 type type NN 308 309 1 1 CD 310 311 ( ( ( 311 316 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 316 317 ) ) ) 317 318 . . . 319 322 The the DT 323 328 major major JJ 329 333 goal goal NN 334 336 of of IN 337 341 this this DT 342 347 study study NN 348 351 was be VBD 352 354 to to TO 355 364 determine determine VB 365 372 whether whether IN 373 376 the the DT 377 390 mycobacterial mycobacterial JJ 391 395 cell cell NN 396 400 wall wall NN 401 410 component component NN 411 425 mannose-capped mannose-capped JJ 426 443 lipoarabinomannan lipoarabinomannan NN 444 445 ( ( ( 445 451 ManLAM ManLAM NNP 451 452 ) ) ) 453 455 of of IN 456 469 Mycobacterium Mycobacterium NNP 470 482 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN 483 484 ( ( ( 484 486 M. M. NNP 487 499 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN 499 500 ) ) ) 501 506 could could MD 507 515 activate activate VB 516 529 transcription transcription NN 530 532 of of IN 533 538 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 539 541 in in IN 542 543 T t NN 544 549 cells cell NNS 550 554 with with IN 555 558 the the DT 559 562 use use NN 563 565 of of IN 566 568 an an DT 569 571 in in FW 572 577 vitro vitro FW 578 582 cell cell NN 583 590 culture culture NN 591 597 system system NN 597 598 . . . 599 604 These these DT 605 616 experiments experiment NNS 617 620 are be VBP 621 623 of of IN 624 629 prime prime JJ 630 640 importance importance NN 641 652 considering consider VBG 653 657 that that IN 658 672 CD4-expressing cd4-expressing JJ 673 674 T t NN 675 686 lymphocytes lymphocyte NNS 687 696 represent represent VBP 697 700 the the DT 701 706 major major JJ 707 712 virus virus NN 713 722 reservoir reservoir NN 723 725 in in IN 726 729 the the DT 730 740 peripheral peripheral JJ 741 746 blood blood NN 747 749 of of IN 750 758 infected infected JJ 759 770 individuals individual NNS 770 771 . . . 772 777 Using use VBG 778 781 the the DT 782 785 1G5 1g5 NN 786 790 cell cell NN 791 795 line line NN 796 806 harbouring harbour VBG 807 810 the the DT 811 821 luciferase luciferase NN 822 830 reporter reporter NN 831 835 gene gene NN 836 841 under under IN 842 845 the the DT 846 853 control control NN 854 856 of of IN 857 860 the the DT 861 866 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 867 870 LTR LTR NNP 870 871 , , , 872 874 it it PRP 875 878 was be VBD 879 884 first first RB 885 890 found find VBN 891 895 that that IN 896 903 culture culture NN 904 911 protein protein NN 912 921 filtrates filtrate NNS 922 923 ( ( ( 923 926 CFP CFP NNP 926 927 ) ) ) 928 932 from from IN 933 935 M. m. FW 936 948 tuberculosis tuberculosis FW 949 951 or or CC 952 960 purified purify VBN 961 967 ManLAM ManLAM NNP 968 973 could could MD 974 982 activate activate VB 983 988 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 989 1002 LTR-dependent ltr-dependent JJ 1003 1007 gene gene NN 1008 1018 expression expression NN 1019 1025 unlike unlike IN 1026 1035 similarly similarly RB 1036 1044 prepared prepare VBN 1045 1048 CFP CFP NNP 1049 1057 extracts extract NNS 1058 1064 devoid devoid JJ 1065 1067 of of IN 1068 1074 ManLAM ManLAM NNP 1074 1075 . . . 1076 1079 The the DT 1080 1091 implication implication NN 1092 1094 of of IN 1095 1102 protein protein NN 1103 1111 tyrosine tyrosine NN 1112 1121 kinase(s) kinase(s) NN 1121 1122 , , , 1123 1130 protein protein NN 1131 1137 kinase kinase NNP 1138 1139 A A NNP 1140 1146 and/or and/or CC 1147 1154 protein protein NN 1155 1161 kinase kinase NNP 1162 1163 C C NNP 1164 1167 was be VBD 1168 1179 highlighted highlight VBN 1180 1182 by by IN 1183 1186 the the DT 1187 1197 abrogation abrogation NN 1198 1200 of of IN 1201 1204 the the DT 1205 1220 ManLAM-mediated manlam-mediated JJ 1221 1231 activation activation NN 1232 1234 of of IN 1235 1240 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1241 1251 LTR-driven ltr-driven JJ 1252 1256 gene gene NN 1257 1267 expression expression NN 1268 1273 using use VBG 1274 1284 herbimycin herbimycin NN 1285 1286 A A NNP 1287 1290 and and CC 1291 1293 H7 H7 NNP 1293 1294 . . . 1295 1297 It it PRP 1298 1301 was be VBD 1302 1306 also also RB 1307 1317 determined determine VBN 1317 1318 , , , 1319 1324 using use VBG 1325 1340 electrophoresis electrophoresis NN 1341 1349 mobility mobility NN 1350 1355 shift shift NN 1356 1362 assays assay NNS 1362 1363 , , , 1364 1368 that that IN 1369 1371 M. m. FW 1372 1384 tuberculosis tuberculosis FW 1385 1391 ManLAM ManLAM NNP 1392 1395 led lead VBD 1396 1398 to to TO 1399 1402 the the DT 1403 1410 nuclear nuclear JJ 1411 1424 translocation translocation NN 1425 1427 of of IN 1428 1431 the the DT 1432 1445 transcription transcription NN 1446 1452 factor factor NN 1453 1462 NF-kappaB nf-kappab NN 1462 1463 . . . 1464 1466 M. m. FW 1467 1479 tuberculosis tuberculosis FW 1480 1486 ManLAM ManLAM NNP 1487 1495 resulted result VBD 1496 1498 in in IN 1499 1504 clear clear JJ 1505 1514 induction induction NN 1515 1517 of of IN 1518 1521 the the DT 1522 1532 luciferase luciferase NN 1533 1537 gene gene NN 1538 1544 placed place VBN 1545 1550 under under IN 1551 1554 the the DT 1555 1562 control control NN 1563 1565 of of IN 1566 1569 the the DT 1570 1579 wild-type wild-type JJ 1579 1580 , , , 1581 1584 but but CC 1585 1588 not not RB 1589 1592 the the DT 1593 1607 kappaB-mutated kappab-mutated JJ 1607 1608 , , , 1609 1614 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1615 1618 LTR LTR NNP 1619 1625 region region NN 1625 1626 . . . 1627 1634 Finally finally RB 1634 1635 , , , 1636 1639 the the DT 1640 1655 ManLAM-mediated manlam-mediated JJ 1656 1666 activation activation NN 1667 1669 of of IN 1670 1675 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1676 1679 LTR LTR NNP 1680 1693 transcription transcription NN 1694 1697 was be VBD 1698 1703 found find VBN 1704 1706 to to TO 1707 1709 be be VB 1710 1721 independent independent JJ 1722 1724 of of IN 1725 1728 the the DT 1729 1738 autocrine autocrine JJ 1739 1741 or or CC 1742 1751 paracrine paracrine JJ 1752 1758 action action NN 1759 1761 of of IN 1762 1772 endogenous endogenous JJ 1773 1782 TNF-alpha TNF-alpha NNP 1782 1783 . . . 1784 1787 The the DT 1788 1795 results result NNS 1796 1803 suggest suggest VBP 1804 1808 that that IN 1809 1811 M. M. NNP 1812 1824 tuberculosis tuberculosis NN 1825 1828 can can MD 1829 1839 upregulate upregulate VB 1840 1845 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1846 1856 expression expression NN 1857 1859 in in IN 1860 1861 T t NN 1862 1867 cells cell NNS 1868 1871 and and CC 1872 1877 could could MD 1878 1882 thus thus RB 1883 1887 have have VB 1888 1891 the the DT 1892 1901 potential potential NN 1902 1904 to to TO 1905 1914 influence influence VB 1915 1918 the the DT 1919 1931 pathogenesis pathogenesis NN 1932 1934 of of IN 1935 1940 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 1941 1950 infection infection NN 1950 1951 . . .