0 2 An an DT 3 13 allosteric allosteric JJ 14 18 drug drug NN 18 19 , , , 20 37 o,o’-bismyristoyl o,o'-bismyristoyl NN 38 46 thiamine thiamine NN 47 56 disulfide disulfide NN 56 57 , , , 58 68 suppresses suppress VBZ 69 74 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 75 86 replication replication NN 87 94 through through IN 95 105 prevention prevention NN 106 108 of of IN 109 116 nuclear nuclear JJ 117 130 translocation translocation NN 131 133 of of IN 134 138 both both CC 139 144 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 145 148 Tat Tat NNP 149 152 and and CC 153 161 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 162 164 B. B. NNP 166 169 The the DT 170 178 efficacy efficacy NN 179 181 of of IN 182 199 o,o’-bismyristoyl o,o'-bismyristoyl NN 200 208 thiamine thiamine NN 209 218 disulfide disulfide NN 219 220 ( ( ( 220 223 BMT BMT NNP 223 224 ) ) ) 225 228 was be VBD 229 237 examined examine VBN 238 240 in in IN 241 247 detail detail NN 248 255 against against IN 256 261 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 262 272 laboratory laboratory NN 273 281 isolates isolate NNS 282 283 ( ( ( 283 292 HTLV-IIIB HTLV-IIIB NNP 292 293 , , , 294 298 JRFL JRFL NNP 298 299 , , , 300 303 and and CC 304 306 MN MN NNP 306 307 ) ) ) 307 308 , , , 309 316 primary primary JJ 317 325 isolates isolate NNS 326 327 ( ( ( 327 330 KMT KMT NNP 331 334 and and CC 335 338 KMO KMO NNP 338 339 ) ) ) 339 340 , , , 341 344 and and CC 345 351 simian simian JJ 352 368 immunodeficiency immunodeficiency NN 369 374 virus virus NN 375 376 ( ( ( 376 385 SIVmac251 SIVmac251 NNP 385 386 ) ) ) 387 389 in in FW 390 395 vitro vitro FW 395 396 . . . 397 400 BMT BMT NNP 401 410 inhibited inhibit VBD 411 414 the the DT 415 426 replication replication NN 427 429 of of IN 430 435 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 436 438 in in IN 439 443 both both CC 444 454 laboratory laboratory NN 455 458 and and CC 459 466 primary primary JJ 467 475 isolates isolate NNS 476 478 in in FW 479 484 vitro vitro FW 484 485 . . . 486 488 In in IN 489 497 addition addition NN 497 498 , , , 499 502 BMT bmt NN 503 512 exhibited exhibit VBD 513 522 antiviral antiviral JJ 523 531 activity activity NN 532 539 against against IN 540 549 SIVmac251 SIVmac251 NNP 549 550 . . . 551 561 Minimizing minimize VBG 562 568 energy energy NN 569 576 studies study NNS 577 579 of of IN 580 583 BMT BMT NNP 584 593 structure structure NN 594 600 reveal reveal VBP 601 605 that that IN 606 607 a a DT 608 623 trans-disulfide trans-disulfide NN 624 626 of of IN 627 635 thiamine thiamine NN 636 637 ( ( ( 637 641 holo holo NN 642 646 drug drug NN 646 647 ) ) ) 648 657 disulfide disulfide NN 658 659 ( ( ( 659 662 TDS TDS NNP 662 663 , , , 664 673 protodrug protodrug NN 673 674 ) ) ) 675 677 is be VBZ 678 692 allosterically allosterically RB 693 702 transited transit VBN 703 705 to to TO 706 709 the the DT 710 718 reactive reactive JJ 719 726 twisted twisted JJ 727 736 disulfide disulfide NN 737 739 of of IN 740 743 BMT BMT NNP 744 745 ( ( ( 745 749 allo allo NN 750 754 drug drug NN 754 755 ) ) ) 756 758 by by IN 759 776 o,o’-bismyristoyl o,o'-bismyristoyl NN 777 791 esterification esterification NN 792 794 of of IN 795 798 TDS TDS NNP 798 799 . . . 800 803 BMT BMT NNP 804 812 inhibits inhibit VBZ 813 820 nuclear nuclear JJ 821 834 translocation translocation NN 835 837 of of IN 838 842 both both CC 843 848 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 849 863 transactivator transactivator NN 864 865 ( ( ( 865 868 TAT TAT NNP 868 869 ) ) ) 870 873 and and CC 874 877 the the DT 878 886 cellular cellular JJ 887 902 transcriptional transcriptional JJ 903 910 nuclear nuclear JJ 911 920 factor-KB factor-kb NN 921 922 ( ( ( 922 930 NF-kappa NF-kappa NNP 931 932 B B NNP 932 933 ) ) ) 933 934 , , , 935 944 resulting result VBG 945 947 in in IN 948 951 the the DT 952 963 suppression suppression NN 964 966 of of IN 967 972 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 973 984 replication replication NN 984 985 . . .