0 7 Fcgamma Fcgamma NNP 8 25 receptor-mediated receptor-mediated JJ 26 43 mitogen-activated mitogen-activated JJ 44 51 protein protein NN 52 58 kinase kinase NNP 59 69 activation activation NN 70 72 in in IN 73 82 monocytes monocyte NNS 83 85 is be VBZ 86 97 independent independent JJ 98 100 of of IN 101 104 Ras Ras NNP 104 105 . . . 107 116 Receptors receptor NNS 117 120 for for IN 121 124 the the DT 125 127 Fc fc NN 128 135 portion portion NN 136 138 of of IN 139 153 immunoglobulin immunoglobulin NN 154 163 molecules molecule NNS 164 165 ( ( ( 165 168 FcR FcR NNP 168 169 ) ) ) 170 177 present present JJ 178 180 on on IN 181 190 leukocyte leukocyte NN 191 195 cell cell NN 196 205 membranes membrane NNS 206 213 mediate mediate VBP 214 215 a a DT 216 221 large large JJ 222 228 number number NN 229 231 of of IN 232 240 cellular cellular JJ 241 250 responses response NNS 251 255 that that WDT 256 259 are be VBP 260 264 very very RB 265 274 important important JJ 275 277 in in IN 278 282 host host NN 283 290 defense defense NN 290 291 , , , 292 301 including include VBG 302 314 phagocytosis phagocytosis NN 314 315 , , , 316 320 cell cell NN 321 333 cytotoxicity cytotoxicity NN 333 334 , , , 335 345 production production NN 346 349 and and CC 350 359 secretion secretion NN 360 362 of of IN 363 375 inflammatory inflammatory JJ 376 385 mediators mediator NNS 385 386 , , , 387 390 and and CC 391 401 modulation modulation NN 402 404 of of IN 405 408 the the DT 409 415 immune immune JJ 416 424 response response NN 424 425 . . . 426 439 Cross-linking cross-linking NN 440 442 of of IN 443 446 FcR fcr NN 447 451 with with IN 452 458 immune immune JJ 459 468 complexes complex NNS 469 474 leads lead VBZ 474 475 , , , 476 481 first first RB 482 484 to to TO 485 495 activation activation NN 496 498 of of IN 499 515 protein-tyrosine protein-tyrosine JJ 516 523 kinases kinase NNS 523 524 . . . 525 528 The the DT 529 538 molecular molecular JJ 539 545 events event NNS 546 550 that that WDT 551 557 follow follow VBP 558 561 and and CC 562 566 that that WDT 567 576 transduce transduce VBP 577 584 signals signal NNS 585 589 from from IN 590 595 these these DT 596 605 receptors receptor NNS 606 608 to to TO 609 612 the the DT 613 620 nucleus nucleus NN 621 624 are be VBP 625 630 still still RB 631 637 poorly poorly RB 638 645 defined define VBN 645 646 . . . 647 649 We we PRP 650 654 have have VBP 655 667 investigated investigate VBN 668 671 the the DT 672 678 signal signal NN 679 691 transduction transduction NN 692 699 pathway pathway NN 700 704 from from IN 705 707 Fc fc NN 708 717 receptors receptor NNS 718 722 that that WDT 723 728 leads lead VBZ 729 731 to to TO 732 736 gene gene NN 737 747 activation activation NN 748 751 and and CC 752 762 production production NN 763 765 of of IN 766 775 cytokines cytokine NNS 776 778 in in IN 779 788 monocytes monocyte NNS 788 789 . . . 790 803 Cross-linking cross-linking NN 804 806 of of IN 807 810 FcR FcR NNP 810 811 , , , 812 814 on on IN 815 818 the the DT 819 824 THP-1 thp-1 NN 825 834 monocytic monocytic JJ 835 839 cell cell NN 840 844 line line NN 844 845 , , , 846 848 by by IN 849 855 immune immune JJ 856 865 complexes complex NNS 866 874 resulted result VBD 875 877 in in IN 878 882 both both CC 883 893 activation activation NN 894 896 of of IN 897 900 the the DT 901 914 transcription transcription NN 915 921 factor factor NN 922 931 NF-kappaB nf-kappab NN 932 935 and and CC 936 947 interleukin interleukin NN 948 949 1 1 CD 950 960 production production NN 960 961 . . . 962 967 These these DT 968 977 responses response NNS 978 982 were be VBD 983 993 completely completely RB 994 1001 blocked block VBN 1002 1004 by by IN 1005 1013 tyrosine tyrosine NN 1014 1020 kinase kinase NNP 1021 1031 inhibitors inhibitor NNS 1031 1032 . . . 1033 1035 In in IN 1036 1044 contrast contrast NN 1044 1045 , , , 1046 1056 expression expression NN 1057 1059 of of IN 1060 1068 dominant dominant JJ 1069 1077 negative negative JJ 1078 1085 mutants mutant NNS 1086 1088 of of IN 1089 1092 Ras Ras NNP 1093 1096 and and CC 1097 1102 Raf-1 Raf-1 NNP 1102 1103 , , , 1104 1106 in in IN 1107 1112 these these DT 1113 1118 cells cell NNS 1118 1119 , , , 1120 1123 did do VBD 1124 1127 not not RB 1128 1132 have have VB 1133 1136 any any DT 1137 1143 effect effect NN 1144 1146 on on IN 1147 1159 FcR-mediated fcr-mediated JJ 1160 1167 nuclear nuclear JJ 1168 1174 factor factor NN 1175 1185 activation activation NN 1185 1186 , , , 1187 1197 suggesting suggest VBG 1198 1202 that that IN 1203 1206 the the DT 1207 1224 mitogen-activated mitogen-activated JJ 1225 1232 protein protein NN 1233 1239 kinase kinase NNP 1240 1241 ( ( ( 1241 1245 MAPK MAPK NNP 1245 1246 ) ) ) 1247 1256 signaling signaling NN 1257 1264 pathway pathway NN 1265 1268 was be VBD 1269 1272 not not RB 1273 1277 used use VBN 1278 1280 by by IN 1281 1286 these these DT 1287 1296 receptors receptor NNS 1296 1297 . . . 1298 1305 However however RB 1305 1306 , , , 1307 1311 MAPK MAPK NNP 1312 1322 activation activation NN 1323 1326 was be VBD 1327 1333 easily easily RB 1334 1342 detected detect VBN 1343 1345 by by IN 1346 1348 in in FW 1349 1354 vitro vitro FW 1355 1361 kinase kinase NNP 1362 1368 assays assay NNS 1368 1369 , , , 1370 1375 after after IN 1376 1379 FcR FcR NNP 1380 1393 cross-linking cross-linking NN 1394 1398 with with IN 1399 1405 immune immune JJ 1406 1415 complexes complex NNS 1415 1416 . . . 1417 1422 Using use VBG 1423 1426 the the DT 1427 1435 specific specific JJ 1436 1454 MAPK/extracellular mapk/extracellular JJ 1455 1471 signal-regulated signal-regulated JJ 1472 1478 kinase kinase NNP 1479 1485 kinase kinase NNP 1486 1487 ( ( ( 1487 1491 MAPK MAPK NNP 1492 1498 kinase kinase NNP 1498 1499 ) ) ) 1500 1509 inhibitor inhibitor NN 1510 1517 PD98059 pd98059 NN 1517 1518 , , , 1519 1521 we we PRP 1522 1527 found find VBD 1528 1532 that that IN 1533 1537 MAPK MAPK NNP 1538 1548 activation activation NN 1549 1551 is be VBZ 1552 1561 necessary necessary JJ 1562 1565 for for IN 1566 1579 FcR-dependent fcr-dependent JJ 1580 1590 activation activation NN 1591 1593 of of IN 1594 1597 the the DT 1598 1605 nuclear nuclear JJ 1606 1612 factor factor NN 1613 1622 NF-kappaB nf-kappab NN 1622 1623 . . . 1624 1629 These these DT 1630 1637 results result NNS 1638 1646 strongly strongly RB 1647 1654 suggest suggest VBP 1655 1659 that that IN 1660 1663 the the DT 1664 1673 signaling signaling NN 1674 1681 pathway pathway NN 1682 1686 from from IN 1687 1689 Fc fc NN 1690 1699 receptors receptor NNS 1700 1707 leading lead VBG 1708 1710 to to TO 1711 1721 expression expression NN 1722 1724 of of IN 1725 1734 different different JJ 1735 1740 genes gene NNS 1741 1750 important important JJ 1751 1753 to to TO 1754 1763 leukocyte leukocyte NN 1764 1771 biology biology NN 1771 1772 , , , 1773 1782 initiates initiate VBZ 1783 1787 with with IN 1788 1796 tyrosine tyrosine NN 1797 1804 kinases kinase NNS 1805 1808 and and CC 1809 1817 requires require VBZ 1818 1822 MAPK MAPK NNP 1823 1833 activation activation NN 1833 1834 ; ; : 1835 1838 but but CC 1839 1841 in in IN 1842 1850 contrast contrast NN 1851 1853 to to TO 1854 1859 other other JJ 1860 1868 tyrosine tyrosine NN 1869 1875 kinase kinase NNP 1876 1885 receptors receptor NNS 1885 1886 , , , 1887 1899 FcR-mediated fcr-mediated JJ 1900 1904 MAPK MAPK NNP 1905 1915 activation activation NN 1916 1920 does do VBZ 1921 1924 not not RB 1925 1932 involve involve VB 1933 1936 Ras Ras NNP 1937 1940 and and CC 1941 1944 Raf Raf NNP 1944 1945 . . .