0 5 Human human JJ 6 12 T-cell T-cell NNP 13 21 leukemia leukemia NN 22 27 virus virus NN 28 32 type type NN 33 34 1 1 CD 35 38 tax tax NN 39 46 protein protein NN 47 56 abrogates abrogate VBZ 57 70 interleukin-2 interleukin-2 NN 71 81 dependence dependence NN 82 84 in in IN 85 86 a a DT 87 92 mouse mouse NN 93 99 T-cell t-cell NN 100 104 line line NN 104 105 . . . 107 112 Human human JJ 113 119 T-cell T-cell NNP 120 128 leukemia leukemia NN 129 134 virus virus NN 135 139 type type NN 140 141 1 1 CD 142 143 ( ( ( 143 149 HTLV-1 htlv-1 NN 149 150 ) ) ) 151 153 is be VBZ 154 157 the the DT 158 167 etiologic etiologic JJ 168 173 agent agent NN 174 176 of of IN 177 182 adult adult JJ 183 189 T-cell t-cell NN 190 198 leukemia leukemia NN 198 199 . . . 200 203 Tax Tax NNP 203 204 , , , 205 208 the the DT 209 214 viral viral JJ 215 222 protein protein NN 222 223 , , , 224 226 is be VBZ 227 234 thought think VBN 235 237 to to TO 238 240 be be VB 241 248 crucial crucial JJ 249 251 in in IN 252 255 the the DT 256 267 development development NN 268 270 of of IN 271 274 the the DT 275 282 disease disease NN 282 283 , , , 284 289 since since IN 290 292 it it PRP 293 303 transforms transform VBZ 304 311 healthy healthy JJ 312 313 T t NN 314 319 cells cell NNS 320 322 in in FW 323 328 vitro vitro FW 329 332 and and CC 333 340 induces induce VBZ 341 347 tumors tumor NNS 348 350 in in IN 351 361 transgenic transgenic JJ 362 369 animals animal NNS 369 370 . . . 371 373 We we PRP 374 382 examined examine VBD 383 386 the the DT 387 393 effect effect NN 394 396 of of IN 397 400 Tax Tax NNP 401 409 activity activity NN 410 412 on on IN 413 416 the the DT 417 423 growth growth NN 424 426 of of IN 427 430 the the DT 431 444 interleukin-2 interleukin-2 NN 445 446 ( ( ( 446 461 IL-2)-dependent il-2)-dependent JJ 462 468 T-cell T-cell NNP 469 473 line line NN 474 480 CTLL-2 ctll-2 NN 480 481 . . . 482 488 Stable stable JJ 489 499 expression expression NN 500 502 of of IN 503 506 Tax Tax NNP 507 509 in in IN 510 516 CTLL-2 ctll-2 NN 517 528 transformed transform VBD 529 533 cell cell NN 534 540 growth growth NN 541 545 from from IN 546 551 being be VBG 552 556 IL-2 il-2 NN 557 566 dependent dependent JJ 567 569 to to TO 570 574 IL-2 il-2 NN 575 586 independent independent JJ 586 587 . . . 588 591 Tax Tax NNP 592 602 stimulated stimulate VBD 603 616 transcription transcription NN 617 624 through through IN 625 634 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 635 638 and and CC 639 642 the the DT 643 649 cyclic cyclic JJ 650 664 AMP-responsive amp-responsive JJ 665 677 element-like element-like JJ 678 686 sequence sequence NN 687 689 in in IN 690 693 the the DT 694 700 HTLV-1 htlv-1 NN 701 709 promoter promoter NN 709 710 . . . 711 714 The the DT 715 722 finding finding NN 723 725 of of IN 726 729 Tax Tax NNP 730 737 mutants mutant NNS 738 749 segregating segregate VBG 750 755 these these DT 756 759 two two CD 760 768 pathways pathway NNS 769 778 suggested suggest VBD 779 783 that that IN 784 787 the the DT 788 797 NF-kappaB NF-kappaB NNP 798 805 pathway pathway NN 806 809 was be VBD 810 819 essential essential JJ 820 823 for for IN 824 840 IL-2-independent il-2-independent JJ 841 847 growth growth NN 848 850 of of IN 851 857 CTLL-2 ctll-2 NN 858 863 cells cell NNS 864 869 while while IN 870 873 the the DT 874 877 CRE CRE NNP 878 885 pathway pathway NN 886 889 was be VBD 890 901 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 901 902 . . . 903 910 However however RB 910 911 , , , 912 916 both both DT 917 925 pathways pathway NNS 926 930 were be VBD 931 940 necessary necessary JJ 941 944 for for IN 945 952 another another DT 953 975 transformation-related transformation-related JJ 976 984 activity activity NN 985 986 ( ( ( 986 992 colony colony NN 993 1002 formation formation NN 1003 1005 in in IN 1006 1010 soft soft JJ 1011 1015 agar agar NN 1015 1016 ) ) ) 1017 1019 of of IN 1020 1030 CTLL-2/Tax CTLL-2/Tax NNP 1030 1031 . . . 1032 1035 Our our PRP$ 1036 1043 results result NNS 1044 1048 show show VBP 1049 1053 that that IN 1054 1057 Tax Tax NNP 1058 1061 has have VBZ 1062 1064 at at IN 1065 1070 least least JJS 1071 1074 two two CD 1075 1083 distinct distinct JJ 1084 1094 activities activity NNS 1095 1097 on on IN 1098 1099 T t NN 1100 1105 cells cell NNS 1105 1106 , , , 1107 1110 and and CC 1111 1118 suggest suggest VBP 1119 1123 that that IN 1124 1127 Tax Tax NNP 1128 1133 plays play VBZ 1134 1135 a a DT 1136 1143 crucial crucial JJ 1144 1148 role role NN 1149 1151 in in IN 1152 1168 IL-2-independent il-2-independent JJ 1169 1175 T-cell T-cell NNP 1176 1190 transformation transformation NN 1191 1198 induced induce VBN 1199 1201 by by IN 1202 1208 HTLV-1 HTLV-1 NNP 1208 1209 , , , 1210 1212 in in IN 1213 1221 addition addition NN 1222 1224 to to TO 1225 1228 its its PRP$ 1229 1239 well-known well-known JJ 1240 1254 IL-2-dependent il-2-dependent JJ 1255 1259 cell cell NN 1260 1274 transformation transformation NN 1274 1275 . . .