5 12 Chapter Chapter NNP 13 14 5 5 CD 15 16 A a NN 17 24 Physics Physics NNP 25 27 of of IN 28 37 Semantics Semantics NNP 37 38 ? ? . 39 42 ach ach NN 43 45 of of IN 46 49 the the DT 50 58 chapters chapter NNS 59 61 of of IN 62 76 Investigations investigation NNS 77 85 broaches broach VBZ 86 89 new new JJ 90 99 territory territory NN 99 100 . . . 101 105 Each each DT 106 108 is be VBZ 109 118 tentative tentative JJ 119 122 and and CC 123 133 incomplete incomplete JJ 133 134 , , , 135 143 pointing pointing JJ 144 147 but but CC 148 151 not not RB 152 157 fully fully RB 158 166 adequate adequate JJ 166 167 . . . 168 171 Yet yet RB 171 172 , , , 173 174 I I PRP 175 187 persistently persistently RB 188 192 hope hope VBP 192 193 , , , 194 196 it it PRP 197 199 is be VBZ 200 206 better good JJR 207 209 to to TO 210 215 light light VB 216 219 one one CD 220 226 candle candle NN 227 234 against against IN 234 234 … ... : 249 253 what what WP 253 254 ? ? . 255 258 the the DT 259 267 darkness darkness NN 267 268 ? ? . 269 272 the the DT 273 277 veil veil NN 278 284 beyond beyond IN 285 290 which which WDT 291 293 we we PRP 294 298 have have VBP 299 302 had have VBN 303 305 no no DT 306 315 framework framework NN 316 318 of of IN 319 328 questions question NNS 329 335 before before IN 335 336 ? ? . 337 342 There there EX 343 346 are be VBP 347 354 grounds ground NNS 354 355 , , , 356 364 reasoned reason VBN 365 370 about about RP 371 373 by by IN 374 377 the the DT 378 382 best good JJS 383 385 of of IN 386 398 philosophers philosopher NNS 399 402 and and CC 403 413 scientists scientist NNS 414 416 of of IN 417 420 the the DT 421 425 past past JJ 426 433 several several JJ 434 443 centuries century NNS 443 444 , , , 445 447 to to TO 448 453 doubt doubt VB 454 455 a a DT 456 463 physics physics NN 464 466 of of IN 467 476 semantics semantic NNS 476 477 . . . 478 480 We we PRP 481 484 are be VBP 485 487 on on IN 488 493 shaky shaky JJ 494 500 ground ground NN 500 501 . . . 502 505 Yet yet RB 506 510 when when WRB 511 514 the the DT 515 520 first first JJ 521 525 hard hard JJ 526 531 frost frost NN 532 537 comes come VBZ 537 538 , , , 539 543 when when WRB 544 547 the the DT 548 555 birches birch NNS 556 560 have have VBP 561 565 been be VBN 566 571 swung swing VBN 571 572 , , , 573 578 their their PRP$ 579 586 crimson crimson NN 587 593 leaves leave VBZ 594 603 scattered scatter VBN 604 614 carelessly carelessly RB 614 615 , , , 616 620 when when WRB 621 629 crystals crystal NNS 630 636 splint splint VBP 637 644 shallow shallow NN 645 650 ponds pond NNS 651 654 and and CC 655 658 old old JJ 659 665 egrets egret NNS 666 671 stand stand VBP 672 676 dark dark JJ 677 682 watch watch NN 683 686 the the DT 687 693 coming come VBG 694 698 dawn dawn NN 698 699 , , , 700 711 long-legged long-legged JJ 711 712 , , , 713 720 knowing know VBG 721 724 how how WRB 725 731 winter winter NN 732 734 is be VBZ 735 739 thin thin JJ 739 740 , , , 741 745 when when WRB 746 749 the the DT 750 755 first first JJ 756 761 phase phase NN 762 772 transition transition NN 773 775 of of IN 776 781 water water NN 782 784 to to TO 785 788 ice ice NN 789 794 forms form NNS 795 801 slight slight JJ 802 810 solidity solidity NN 811 817 across across IN 818 824 meadow meadow NN 825 832 streams stream NNS 832 833 , , , 834 839 small small JJ 840 849 creatures creature NNS 850 852 of of IN 853 858 flesh flesh NN 859 862 and and CC 863 870 concept concept NN 871 877 tiptoe tiptoe NN 878 886 gingerly gingerly RB 887 889 to to TO 890 894 some some DT 895 898 far far JJ 899 903 side side NN 904 909 where where WRB 909 910 , , , 911 918 perhaps perhaps RB 918 919 , , , 920 929 something something NN 930 933 new new JJ 934 936 is be VBZ 937 939 to to TO 940 942 be be VB 943 948 found find VBN 948 949 . . . 950 952 We we PRP 953 957 have have VBP 958 964 lacked lack VBN 965 966 a a DT 967 975 physical physical JJ 976 986 definition definition NN 987 989 of of IN 990 992 an an DT 993 1003 autonomous autonomous JJ 1004 1009 agent agent NN 1009 1010 , , , 1011 1015 able able JJ 1016 1018 to to TO 1019 1029 manipulate manipulate VB 1030 1033 the the DT 1034 1042 universe universe NN 1043 1045 on on IN 1046 1049 its its PRP$ 1050 1053 own own JJ 1054 1060 behalf behalf NN 1062 1065 the the DT 1066 1071 egret egret NN 1072 1077 whose whose WP$ 1078 1088 foreboding foreboding NN 1089 1091 of of IN 1092 1098 winter winter NN 1099 1104 leads lead VBZ 1105 1107 to to TO 1108 1114 lifted lift VBN 1115 1119 wing wing NN 1120 1123 and and CC 1124 1130 steady steady JJ 1130 1131 , , , 1132 1140 powerful powerful JJ 1141 1147 flight flight NN 1147 1148 . . . 1149 1152 The the DT 1153 1158 egret egret NN 1159 1161 is be VBZ 1162 1164 as as RB 1165 1169 much much JJ 1170 1171 a a DT 1172 1176 part part NN 1177 1179 of of IN 1180 1188 physical physical JJ 1189 1196 reality reality NN 1197 1199 as as IN 1200 1203 the the DT 1204 1208 atom atom NN 1208 1209 , , , 1210 1213 and and CC 1214 1221 perhaps perhaps RB 1222 1226 more more JJR 1227 1231 than than IN 1232 1235 the the DT 1236 1243 vaunted vaunted JJ 1244 1249 quark quark NN 1249 1250 . . . 1251 1254 But but CC 1255 1265 autonomous autonomous JJ 1266 1272 agents agent NNS 1272 1273 , , , 1274 1276 we we PRP 1277 1280 who who WP 1281 1283 do do VBP 1284 1289 daily daily RB 1290 1300 manipulate manipulate VBP 1301 1304 the the DT 1305 1310 world world NN 1311 1313 on on IN 1314 1317 our our PRP$ 1318 1321 own own JJ 1322 1328 behalf behalf NN 1328 1329 , , , 1330 1332 we we PRP 1333 1335 to to TO 1336 1340 whom whom WP 1342 1344 “ `` `` 1344 1358 intentionality intentionality NN 1358 1360 ” '' '' 1362 1365 and and CC 1367 1369 “ `` `` 1369 1376 purpose purpose NN 1376 1378 ” '' '' 1380 1383 are be VBP 1384 1386 so so RB 1387 1397 inevitably inevitably RB 1398 1408 attributed attribute VBN 1409 1411 by by IN 1412 1415 our our PRP$ 1416 1422 common common JJ 1423 1432 languages language NNS 1432 1433 , , , 1434 1436 we we PRP 1437 1440 are be VBP 1440 1441 , , , 1442 1444 by by IN 1445 1447 my my PRP$ 1448 1458 definition definition NN 1459 1461 of of IN 1462 1472 autonomous autonomous JJ 1473 1479 agents agent NNS 1479 1480 , , , 1481 1485 also also RB 1486 1493 nothing nothing NN 1494 1497 but but CC 1498 1506 physical physical JJ 1507 1514 systems system NNS 1515 1519 with with IN 1520 1521 a a DT 1522 1530 peculiar peculiar JJ 1531 1543 organization organization NN 1544 1546 of of IN 1547 1556 processes process NNS 1557 1560 and and CC 1561 1571 properties property NNS 1571 1572 . . . 1573 1575 If if IN 1576 1579 the the DT 1580 1587 concept concept NN 1588 1590 of of IN 1591 1601 autonomous autonomous JJ 1602 1608 agents agent NNS 1609 1613 were be VBD 1614 1623 something something NN 1624 1628 like like IN 1629 1630 a a DT 1631 1637 useful useful JJ 1639 1641 or or CC 1642 1646 more more JJR 1646 1647 , , , 1648 1649 a a DT 1650 1656 proper proper JJ 1658 1668 definition definition NN 1669 1671 of of IN 1672 1676 life life NN 1677 1683 itself itself PRP 1683 1684 , , , 1685 1689 then then RB 1690 1700 autonomous autonomous JJ 1701 1707 agents agent NNS 1708 1712 span span VBP 1713 1716 the the DT 1717 1720 gap gap NN 1721 1725 from from IN 1726 1729 the the DT 1730 1736 merely merely RB 1737 1745 physical physical JJ 1746 1748 to to TO 1749 1753 that that DT 1754 1757 new new JJ 1758 1763 realm realm NN 1764 1766 of of IN 1767 1770 the the DT 1771 1777 merely merely RB 1778 1786 physical physical JJ 1787 1792 where where WRB 1794 1796 “ `` `` 1796 1803 purpose purpose NN 1803 1805 ” '' '' 1807 1809 is be VBZ 1810 1818 ascribed ascribe VBN 1819 1821 by by IN 1822 1825 all all DT 1826 1828 of of IN 1829 1831 us us PRP 1832 1834 to to TO 1835 1838 one one CD 1839 1846 another another DT 1846 1847 . . . 1848 1857 Semantics semantic NNS 1858 1864 enters enter NNS 1865 1869 with with IN 1870 1877 purpose purpose NN 1877 1878 . . . 1879 1882 For for IN 1883 1887 this this DT 1888 1890 to to TO 1891 1893 be be VB 1894 1898 true true JJ 1898 1899 , , , 1900 1902 it it PRP 1903 1905 is be VBZ 1906 1909 not not RB 1910 1919 necessary necessary JJ 1920 1924 that that IN 1925 1928 the the DT 1929 1937 carriers carrier NNS 1938 1940 of of IN 1941 1948 purpose purpose NN 1948 1949 , , , 1950 1953 say say VB 1953 1954 , , , 1955 1958 the the DT 1959 1963 same same JJ 1964 1973 bacterium bacterium NN 1974 1981 heading head VBG 1982 1990 upstream upstream RB 1991 1993 in in IN 1994 1997 the the DT 1998 2005 glucose glucose NN 2006 2014 gradient gradient NN 2014 2015 , , , 2016 2018 be be VB 2019 2028 conscious conscious JJ 2028 2029 . . . 2030 2031 I I PRP 2032 2036 hope hope VBP 2037 2039 my my PRP$ 2040 2050 definition definition NN 2051 2053 of of IN 2054 2056 an an DT 2057 2067 autonomous autonomous JJ 2068 2073 agent agent NN 2074 2076 is be VBZ 2077 2083 useful useful JJ 2083 2084 , , , 2085 2087 an an DT 2088 2101 autocatalytic autocatalytic JJ 2102 2108 system system NN 2109 2117 carrying carry VBG 2118 2121 out out RP 2122 2123 a a DT 2124 2128 work work NN 2129 2134 cycle cycle NN 2134 2135 , , , 2136 2139 now now RB 2140 2146 rather rather RB 2147 2156 broadened broaden VBN 2157 2159 by by IN 2160 2163 the the DT 2164 2175 realization realization NN 2176 2180 that that IN 2181 2191 autonomous autonomous JJ 2192 2198 agents agent NNS 2199 2203 also also RB 2204 2206 do do VBP 2207 2212 often often RB 2213 2219 detect detect VB 2220 2223 and and CC 2224 2231 measure measure NN 2232 2235 and and CC 2236 2242 record record NN 2243 2256 displacements displacement NNS 2257 2259 of of IN 2260 2268 external external JJ 2269 2276 systems system NNS 2277 2281 from from IN 2282 2293 equilibrium equilibrium NN 2294 2298 that that WDT 2299 2302 can can MD 2303 2305 be be VB 2306 2310 used use VBN 2311 2313 to to TO 2314 2321 extract extract VB 2322 2326 work work NN 2326 2327 , , , 2328 2332 then then RB 2333 2335 do do VBP 2336 2343 extract extract VB 2344 2348 work work NN 2348 2349 , , , 2350 2361 propagating propagate VBG 2362 2366 work work NN 2367 2370 and and CC 2371 2381 constraint constraint NN 2382 2394 construction construction NN 2394 2395 , , , 2396 2400 from from IN 2401 2406 their their PRP$ 2407 2418 environment environment NN 2418 2419 . . . 2420 2428 Know-how Know-how NNP 2429 2434 Bring Bring NNP 2435 2444 ourselves ourselves PRP 2445 2459 empathetically empathetically RB 2460 2463 and and CC 2464 2475 objectively objectively RB 2476 2480 back back RB 2481 2486 three three CD 2487 2494 billion billion CD 2495 2500 years year NNS 2501 2503 to to TO 2504 2507 the the DT 2508 2513 mixed mixed JJ 2514 2523 microbial microbial JJ 2524 2533 community community NN 2534 2545 flourishing flourish VBG 2546 2551 right right RB 2552 2557 about about IN 2558 2563 where where WRB 2564 2568 most most JJS 2569 2571 of of IN 2572 2574 us us PRP 2575 2578 are be VBP 2579 2582 now now RB 2582 2583 , , , 2584 2588 plus plus CC 2589 2591 or or CC 2592 2597 minus minus CC 2598 2599 a a DT 2600 2607 modicum modicum NN 2608 2610 of of IN 2611 2617 layers layer NNS 2618 2620 of of IN 2621 2628 surface surface NN 2629 2636 crustal crustal JJ 2637 2645 material material NN 2645 2646 . . . 2647 2648 I I PRP 2649 2653 want want VBP 2654 2656 to to TO 2657 2660 say say VB 2661 2665 that that IN 2666 2669 the the DT 2670 2680 autonomous autonomous JJ 2681 2687 agents agent NNS 2688 2698 comprising comprise VBG 2699 2703 that that IN 2704 2713 community community NN 2714 2717 had have VBD 2717 2718 , , , 2719 2731 individually individually RB 2732 2735 and and CC 2736 2748 collectively collectively RB 2748 2749 , , , 2750 2753 the the DT 2754 2762 embodied embodied JJ 2763 2771 know-how know-how NN 2772 2774 to to TO 2775 2778 get get VB 2779 2781 on on RP 2782 2786 with with IN 2787 2793 making make VBG 2794 2795 a a DT 2796 2802 living living NN 2803 2805 in in IN 2806 2809 the the DT 2810 2817 natural natural JJ 2818 2823 games game NNS 2824 2828 that that WDT 2829 2840 constituted constitute VBD 2841 2846 their their PRP$ 2847 2852 world world NN 2852 2853 . . . 2854 2860 Indeed indeed RB 2860 2861 , , , 2862 2864 as as IN 2865 2866 I I PRP 2867 2871 have have VBP 2872 2882 emphasized emphasize VBN 2883 2889 before before RB 2889 2890 , , , 2891 2892 a a DT 2893 2902 biosphere biosphere NN 2903 2905 is be VBZ 2906 2907 a a DT 2908 2923 self-consistent self-consistent JJ 2924 2938 coconstruction coconstruction NN 2939 2941 of of IN 2942 2952 autonomous autonomous JJ 2953 2959 agents agent NNS 2959 2960 , , , 2961 2965 ways way NNS 2966 2968 of of IN 2969 2975 making make VBG 2976 2977 a a DT 2978 2984 living living NN 2984 2985 , , , 2986 2989 and and CC 2990 2993 the the DT 2994 3000 search search NN 3001 3011 procedures procedure NNS 3011 3012 , , , 3013 3021 mutation mutation NN 3021 3022 , , , 3023 3036 recombination recombination NN 3036 3037 , , , 3038 3040 as as RB 3041 3045 well well RB 3046 3048 as as IN 3049 3059 behavioral behavioral JJ 3060 3066 search search NN 3067 3071 open open JJ 3072 3074 to to TO 3075 3085 autonomous autonomous JJ 3086 3092 agents agent NNS 3092 3093 . . . 3094 3099 Those those DT 3100 3105 means mean NNS 3106 3108 of of IN 3109 3115 making make VBG 3116 3117 a a DT 3118 3124 living living NN 3125 3129 that that WDT 3130 3134 were be VBD 3135 3139 well well RB 3140 3148 searched search VBN 3149 3152 out out RP 3153 3156 and and CC 3157 3165 mastered master VBN 3166 3168 by by IN 3169 3172 the the DT 3173 3179 agents agent NNS 3180 3183 and and CC 3184 3189 their their PRP$ 3190 3196 search search NN 3197 3207 procedures procedure NNS 3208 3214 became become VBD 3215 3218 the the DT 3219 3224 kinds kind NNS 3225 3227 of of IN 3229 3231 “ `` `` 3231 3235 jobs job NNS 3235 3237 ” '' '' 3239 3243 that that WDT 3244 3248 were be VBD 3249 3255 widely widely RB 3256 3262 filled fill VBN 3262 3263 , , , 3264 3267 the the DT 3268 3276 abundant abundant JJ 3277 3283 niches niche NNS 3284 3286 of of IN 3287 3290 the the DT 3291 3301 bio-sphere bio-sphere NN 3301 3302 . . . 3303 3308 There there EX 3309 3311 is be VBZ 3312 3314 in in IN 3315 3319 this this DT 3320 3325 whole whole JJ 3326 3343 self-constructing self-constructing JJ 3344 3350 system system NN 3351 3352 a a DT 3353 3358 wider wide JJR 3359 3367 know-how know-how NN 3367 3368 , , , 3369 3375 beyond beyond IN 3376 3379 the the DT 3380 3388 know-how know-how NN 3389 3391 of of IN 3392 3395 any any DT 3396 3402 single single JJ 3403 3413 autonomous autonomous JJ 3414 3419 agent agent NN 3420 3428 spinning spin VBG 3429 3436 eagerly eagerly RB 3437 3439 in in IN 3440 3443 its its PRP$ 3444 3460 microenvironment microenvironment NN 3460 3461 . . . 3462 3465 Yet yet RB 3465 3466 , , , 3467 3474 clearly clearly RB 3474 3475 , , , 3476 3479 the the DT 3480 3488 know-how know-how NN 3489 3491 is be VBZ 3492 3503 distributed distribute VBN 3503 3504 . . . 3505 3510 There there EX 3511 3513 is be VBZ 3514 3516 no no DT 3517 3527 autonomous autonomous JJ 3528 3533 agent agent NN 3533 3534 , , , 3535 3537 no no DT 3538 3541 one one NN 3541 3542 , , , 3543 3546 who who WP 3547 3552 knows know VBZ 3553 3556 how how WRB 3557 3560 the the DT 3561 3566 whole whole JJ 3567 3573 system system NN 3574 3579 works work VBZ 3579 3580 , , , 3581 3584 any any DT 3585 3589 more more JJR 3590 3594 than than IN 3595 3601 anyone anyone NN 3602 3604 at at IN 3605 3612 present present NN 3613 3618 knows know VBZ 3619 3622 how how WRB 3623 3626 the the DT 3627 3633 global global JJ 3634 3642 economic economic JJ 3643 3649 system system NN 3650 3655 works work VBZ 3656 3658 in in IN 3659 3662 its its PRP$ 3663 3669 myriad myriad JJ 3670 3682 interactions interaction NNS 3682 3683 , , , 3684 3689 deals deal NNS 3689 3690 , , , 3691 3697 steals steal NNS 3697 3698 , , , 3699 3704 hopes hope NNS 3704 3705 , , , 3706 3709 and and CC 3710 3722 frustrations frustration NNS 3722 3723 . . . 3724 3728 What what WP 3729 3731 in in IN 3732 3735 the the DT 3736 3741 world world NN 3742 3744 is be VBZ 3746 3748 “ `` `` 3748 3756 know-how know-how JJ 3756 3758 ” '' '' 3759 3760 ? ? . 3761 3773 Philosophers philosopher NNS 3774 3785 distinguish distinguish VBP 3786 3793 between between IN 3795 3797 “ `` `` 3797 3805 know-how know-how JJ 3805 3807 ” '' '' 3809 3812 and and CC 3814 3816 “ `` `` 3816 3820 know know VB 3821 3825 that that DT 3825 3826 . . . 3826 3828 ” '' '' 3830 3831 I I PRP 3832 3836 know know VBP 3837 3840 how how WRB 3841 3843 to to TO 3844 3847 tie tie VB 3848 3850 my my PRP$ 3851 3856 shoes shoe NNS 3857 3860 and and CC 3861 3863 am am NN 3864 3872 learning learn VBG 3873 3876 how how WRB 3877 3879 to to TO 3880 3884 play play VB 3885 3889 jazz jazz NN 3890 3895 drums drum NNS 3895 3896 . . . 3898 3900 “ `` `` 3900 3904 Know know VB 3905 3909 that that IN 3909 3911 ” '' '' 3913 3921 concerns concern NNS 3922 3934 propositions proposition NNS 3934 3935 , , , 3936 3940 most most RBS 3941 3953 conveniently conveniently RB 3953 3954 , , , 3955 3960 human human JJ 3961 3973 propositions proposition NNS 3973 3974 . . . 3975 3976 I I PRP 3977 3981 know know VBP 3982 3986 that that IN 3987 3990 the the DT 3991 3995 moon moon NN 3996 3998 is be VBZ 4000 4004 they they PRP 4005 4009 tell tell VBP 4010 4012 me me PRP 4014 4017 not not RB 4018 4022 made make VBD 4023 4025 of of IN 4026 4031 green green JJ 4032 4038 cheese cheese NN 4038 4039 . . . 4040 4041 I I PRP 4042 4046 know know VBP 4047 4051 that that IN 4052 4055 the the DT 4056 4061 earth earth NN 4062 4069 circles circle VBZ 4070 4073 the the DT 4074 4077 sun sun NN 4077 4078 , , , 4079 4083 that that IN 4084 4087 the the DT 4088 4093 earth earth NN 4094 4096 is be VBZ 4097 4104 roughly roughly RB 4105 4114 spherical spherical JJ 4114 4115 , , , 4116 4120 that that IN 4121 4127 chairs chair NNS 4128 4131 are be VBP 4132 4136 used use VBN 4137 4139 to to TO 4140 4143 sit sit VB 4144 4146 on on RP 4146 4147 . . . 4149 4151 “ `` `` 4151 4155 Know know VB 4156 4160 that that DT 4160 4162 ” '' '' 4164 4170 brings bring VBZ 4171 4175 with with IN 4176 4178 it it PRP 4179 4182 the the DT 4183 4191 standard standard JJ 4192 4195 and and CC 4196 4207 nonstandard nonstandard JJ 4208 4214 issues issue NNS 4215 4217 of of IN 4218 4221 the the DT 4222 4227 truth truth NN 4228 4230 or or CC 4231 4240 falseness falseness NN 4241 4243 of of IN 4244 4256 propositions proposition NNS 4257 4259 as as IN 4260 4264 they they PRP 4265 4271 report report VBP 4272 4278 states state NNS 4279 4281 of of IN 4282 4285 the the DT 4286 4291 world world NN 4291 4292 . . . 4293 4300 Perhaps perhaps RB 4301 4307 higher high JJR 4308 4316 primates primate NNS 4317 4320 who who WP 4321 4324 are be VBP 4325 4332 trained train VBN 4333 4335 to to TO 4336 4346 manipulate manipulate VB 4347 4353 simple simple JJ 4354 4361 symbols symbol NNS 4362 4366 with with IN 4367 4375 apparent apparent JJ 4376 4385 reference reference NN 4386 4388 to to TO 4389 4392 the the DT 4393 4398 world world NN 4399 4403 also also RB 4404 4407 can can MD 4409 4411 “ `` `` 4411 4415 know know VB 4416 4420 that that DT 4420 4422 ” '' '' 4424 4428 with with IN 4429 4436 respect respect NN 4437 4439 to to TO 4440 4452 propositions proposition NNS 4452 4453 . . . 4454 4460 Unlike unlike IN 4462 4464 “ `` `` 4464 4468 know know VB 4469 4473 that that DT 4473 4474 , , , 4474 4476 ” '' '' 4479 4481 “ `` `` 4481 4489 know-how know-how JJ 4489 4491 ” '' '' 4493 4497 does do VBZ 4498 4501 not not RB 4502 4509 involve involve VB 4510 4522 propositions proposition NNS 4523 4528 about about IN 4529 4532 the the DT 4533 4538 world world NN 4538 4539 . . . 4541 4543 “ `` `` 4543 4551 Know-how know-how NN 4551 4553 ” '' '' 4555 4563 involves involve VBZ 4564 4574 procedural procedural JJ 4575 4584 knowledge knowledge NN 4585 4590 about about IN 4591 4594 how how WRB 4595 4597 to to TO 4598 4601 get get VB 4602 4604 on on RP 4605 4607 in in IN 4608 4611 the the DT 4612 4617 world world NN 4617 4618 . . . 4619 4622 The the DT 4623 4630 cheetah cheetah NN 4631 4640 streaking streak VBG 4641 4646 after after IN 4647 4650 the the DT 4651 4661 wildebeest wildebe JJS 4661 4662 , , , 4663 4666 the the DT 4667 4675 athletic athletic JJ 4676 4682 genius genius NN 4683 4687 high high JJ 4688 4695 jumping jumping NN 4695 4696 , , , 4697 4701 have have VBP 4702 4705 the the DT 4706 4714 know-how know-how NN 4715 4717 to to TO 4718 4720 do do VB 4721 4723 it it PRP 4723 4724 . . . 4725 4729 Does do VBZ 4730 4731 a a DT 4732 4741 bacterium bacterium NN 4742 4746 know know VB 4747 4750 how how WRB 4751 4753 to to TO 4754 4758 make make VB 4759 4760 a a DT 4761 4767 living living NN 4768 4770 in in IN 4771 4774 its its PRP$ 4775 4780 world world NN 4780 4781 ? ? . 4782 4783 I I PRP 4784 4793 certainly certainly RB 4794 4798 want want VBP 4799 4801 to to TO 4802 4805 say say VB 4806 4809 yes ye NNS 4809 4810 , , , 4811 4818 without without IN 4819 4830 attributing attribute VBG 4831 4844 consciousness consciousness NN 4845 4847 in in IN 4848 4851 any any DT 4852 4855 way way NN 4855 4856 . . . 4857 4862 Watch watch VB 4863 4866 the the DT 4867 4873 myriad myriad JJ 4874 4880 subtle subtle JJ 4881 4889 turnings turning NNS 4890 4892 on on IN 4893 4896 and and CC 4897 4898 o o NN 4899 4901 of of IN 4902 4907 genes gene NNS 4907 4908 , , , 4909 4918 metabolic metabolic JJ 4919 4928 switching switching NN 4928 4929 , , , 4930 4940 mechanical mechanical JJ 4941 4950 twitching twitch VBG 4950 4951 , , , 4952 4959 sensing sense VBG 4960 4962 of of IN 4963 4970 glucose glucose NN 4971 4979 gradient gradient NN 4979 4980 , , , 4981 4989 swimming swimming NN 4990 4993 and and CC 4994 5002 tumbling tumble VBG 5003 5011 upstream upstream RB 5012 5014 to to TO 5015 5021 higher high JJR 5022 5029 glucose glucose NN 5030 5044 concentrations concentration NNS 5044 5045 . . . 5046 5048 It it PRP 5049 5054 knows know VBZ 5055 5058 how how WRB 5059 5062 all all RB 5063 5068 right right RB 5068 5069 , , , 5070 5074 even even RB 5075 5077 if if IN 5078 5080 it it PRP 5081 5087 cannot cannot MD 5088 5092 talk talk VB 5093 5098 about about IN 5099 5102 how how WRB 5103 5105 it it PRP 5106 5110 gets get VBZ 5111 5113 on on RP 5114 5118 with with IN 5119 5122 its its PRP$ 5123 5131 business business NN 5131 5132 . . . 5133 5136 But but CC 5137 5141 then then RB 5141 5142 , , , 5143 5146 try try VB 5147 5149 to to TO 5150 5154 talk talk VB 5155 5160 about about IN 5161 5166 tying tie VBG 5167 5171 your your PRP$ 5172 5177 shoes shoe NNS 5178 5180 or or CC 5181 5184 the the DT 5185 5192 skilled skilled JJ 5193 5200 driving driving NN 5201 5205 when when WRB 5206 5209 you you PRP 5210 5216 become become VBP 5217 5222 aware aware JJ 5223 5227 some some DT 5228 5234 dozens dozen NNS 5235 5237 of of IN 5238 5243 miles mile NNS 5244 5248 down down IN 5249 5252 the the DT 5253 5257 road road NN 5258 5262 that that IN 5263 5266 you you PRP 5267 5271 have have VBP 5272 5284 accomplished accomplish VBN 5285 5288 the the DT 5289 5294 tasks task NNS 5295 5302 without without IN 5303 5309 paying pay VBG 5310 5313 the the DT 5314 5323 slightest slight JJS 5324 5331 focused focus VBN 5332 5341 attention attention NN 5341 5342 . . . 5343 5348 Thank Thank NNP 5349 5352 God God NNP 5353 5356 for for IN 5357 5365 know-how know-how NN 5365 5366 . . . 5367 5371 Know know VB 5372 5376 that that DT 5377 5379 is be VBZ 5380 5381 a a DT 5382 5386 thin thin JJ 5387 5393 veneer veneer NN 5394 5396 on on IN 5397 5398 a a DT 5399 5420 four-billion-year-old four-billion-year-old JJ 5421 5429 know-how know-how JJ 5430 5435 skill skill NN 5436 5444 abundant abundant JJ 5445 5447 in in IN 5448 5451 the the DT 5452 5461 biosphere biosphere NN 5461 5462 . . . 5463 5466 But but CC 5467 5470 any any DT 5471 5481 autonomous autonomous JJ 5482 5487 agent agent NN 5488 5501 proliferating proliferate VBG 5502 5507 alone alone RB 5508 5510 or or CC 5511 5513 in in IN 5514 5515 a a DT 5516 5523 congery congery NN 5524 5526 of of IN 5527 5532 other other JJ 5533 5539 agents agent NNS 5539 5540 , , , 5541 5543 it it PRP 5544 5549 would would MD 5550 5554 seem seem VB 5554 5555 , , , 5556 5558 is be VBZ 5559 5563 also also RB 5564 5570 graced grace VBN 5571 5573 by by IN 5574 5577 the the DT 5578 5586 selfsame selfsame NN 5587 5595 know-how know-how NN 5595 5596 . . . 5597 5599 If if IN 5600 5602 we we PRP 5603 5613 synthesize synthesize VBP 5614 5624 autonomous autonomous JJ 5625 5631 agents agent NNS 5632 5634 in in IN 5635 5638 the the DT 5639 5643 next next JJ 5644 5651 decades decade NNS 5652 5655 and and CC 5656 5660 they they PRP 5661 5669 coevolve coevolve VBP 5670 5675 under under IN 5676 5679 our our PRP$ 5680 5684 rapt rapt NN 5685 5689 gaze gaze NN 5690 5694 over over IN 5695 5701 months month NNS 5702 5704 or or CC 5705 5710 years year NNS 5711 5715 into into IN 5716 5717 a a DT 5718 5726 modestly modestly JJ 5727 5734 complex complex NN 5735 5744 ecosystem ecosystem NN 5745 5753 brimming brim VBG 5754 5758 with with IN 5759 5764 novel novel JJ 5765 5769 life life NN 5770 5775 forms form NNS 5775 5776 , , , 5777 5781 they they PRP 5782 5785 too too RB 5786 5790 will will MD 5791 5795 know know VB 5796 5799 how how WRB 5800 5802 to to TO 5803 5807 make make VB 5808 5809 a a DT 5810 5816 living living NN 5817 5819 in in IN 5820 5825 their their PRP$ 5826 5834 mutually mutually RB 5835 5842 created create VBN 5843 5848 world world NN 5849 5853 plus plus CC 5854 5857 the the DT 5858 5866 boundary boundary JJ 5867 5877 conditions condition NNS 5878 5880 we we PRP 5881 5885 more more RBR 5886 5888 or or CC 5889 5893 less less RBR 5894 5907 intelligently intelligently RB 5908 5914 impose impose VB 5915 5917 on on IN 5918 5922 them them PRP 5922 5923 . . . 5924 5927 The the DT 5928 5936 know-how know-how NN 5937 5939 is be VBZ 5939 5940 , , , 5941 5943 in in IN 5944 5949 these these DT 5950 5955 terms term NNS 5955 5956 , , , 5957 5964 nothing nothing NN 5965 5968 but but CC 5969 5976 another another DT 5977 5981 view view NN 5982 5984 of of IN 5985 5988 the the DT 5989 6000 propagating propagate VBG 6001 6009 closures closure NNS 6010 6012 of of IN 6013 6022 catalysis catalysis NN 6022 6023 , , , 6024 6028 work work NN 6029 6034 tasks task NNS 6034 6035 , , , 6036 6043 sensing sensing NN 6043 6044 , , , 6045 6054 recording recording NN 6054 6055 , , , 6056 6059 and and CC 6060 6066 acting act VBG 6067 6071 that that IN 6072 6074 we we PRP 6075 6078 now now RB 6079 6088 recognize recognize VBP 6089 6091 as as RB 6092 6100 inherent inherent JJ 6101 6103 in in IN 6104 6107 the the DT 6108 6114 doings doing NNS 6115 6117 of of IN 6118 6128 autonomous autonomous JJ 6129 6135 agents agent NNS 6135 6136 . . . 6137 6140 The the DT 6141 6149 know-how know-how NN 6150 6152 is be VBZ 6153 6156 not not RB 6157 6164 outside outside JJ 6165 6169 that that IN 6170 6181 propagating propagate VBG 6182 6194 organization organization NN 6194 6195 . . . 6196 6199 The the DT 6200 6208 know-how know-how NN 6209 6211 is be VBZ 6212 6215 the the DT 6216 6227 propagating propagate VBG 6228 6240 organization organization NN 6240 6241 . . . 6242 6251 Semantics semantic NNS 6252 6255 All all DT 6256 6258 of of IN 6259 6264 which which WDT 6265 6271 brings bring VBZ 6272 6274 us us PRP 6274 6275 , , , 6276 6286 inevitably inevitably RB 6286 6287 , , , 6288 6290 to to TO 6291 6294 the the DT 6295 6300 brink brink NN 6301 6303 of of IN 6304 6313 semantics semantic NNS 6313 6314 . . . 6315 6317 It it PRP 6318 6320 is be VBZ 6321 6327 simple simple JJ 6328 6330 at at IN 6331 6334 its its PRP$ 6335 6340 roots root NNS 6340 6341 , , , 6342 6345 you you PRP 6346 6349 see see VBP 6349 6350 . . . 6351 6353 An an DT 6354 6362 incoming incoming JJ 6363 6372 molecular molecular JJ 6373 6380 species specie NNS 6381 6389 arriving arrive VBG 6390 6392 in in IN 6393 6396 the the DT 6397 6405 interior interior NN 6406 6408 of of IN 6409 6411 an an DT 6412 6422 autonomous autonomous JJ 6423 6428 agent agent NN 6429 6435 really really RB 6436 6438 is be VBZ 6439 6440 ( ( ( 6440 6441 i i LS 6441 6442 ) ) ) 6443 6447 food food NN 6447 6448 ; ; : 6449 6450 ( ( ( 6450 6452 ii ii LS 6452 6453 ) ) ) 6454 6460 poison poison NN 6460 6461 ; ; : 6462 6463 ( ( ( 6463 6466 iii iii LS 6466 6467 ) ) ) 6468 6469 a a DT 6470 6476 signal signal NN 6476 6477 ; ; : 6478 6479 ( ( ( 6479 6481 iv iv LS 6481 6482 ) ) ) 6483 6490 neutral neutral JJ 6490 6491 ; ; : 6492 6493 ( ( ( 6493 6494 v v LS 6494 6495 ) ) ) 6496 6505 something something NN 6506 6510 else else RB 6510 6511 . . . 6513 6517 Once once RB 6518 6523 there there EX 6524 6526 is be VBZ 6527 6529 an an DT 6530 6540 autonomous autonomous JJ 6541 6546 agent agent NN 6546 6547 , , , 6548 6553 there there EX 6554 6556 is be VBZ 6557 6558 a a DT 6559 6568 semantics semantic NNS 6569 6573 from from IN 6574 6577 its its PRP$ 6578 6588 privileged privileged JJ 6589 6594 point point NN 6595 6597 of of IN 6598 6602 view view NN 6602 6603 . . . 6604 6607 The the DT 6608 6616 incoming incoming JJ 6617 6625 molecule molecule NN 6626 6628 is be VBZ 6630 6632 “ `` `` 6632 6636 yuck yuck NN 6636 6638 ” '' '' 6640 6642 or or CC 6644 6646 “ `` `` 6646 6649 yum yum NN 6649 6650 . . . 6650 6652 ” '' '' 6654 6655 I I PRP 6656 6661 think think VBP 6662 6665 the the DT 6666 6671 major major JJ 6672 6682 conceptual conceptual JJ 6683 6687 step step NN 6688 6690 to to TO 6691 6695 yuck yuck NN 6696 6698 or or CC 6699 6702 yum yum NN 6703 6705 is be VBZ 6706 6717 unavoidable unavoidable JJ 6718 6722 once once IN 6723 6728 there there EX 6729 6731 is be VBZ 6732 6734 an an DT 6735 6745 autonomous autonomous JJ 6746 6751 agent agent NN 6751 6752 . . . 6753 6756 And and CC 6757 6758 I I PRP 6759 6764 think think VBP 6765 6767 we we PRP 6768 6772 have have VBP 6773 6780 roughly roughly RB 6781 6784 the the DT 6785 6794 Darwinian darwinian JJ 6795 6803 criteria criterion NNS 6804 6806 in in IN 6807 6811 mind mind NN 6811 6812 . . . 6813 6815 If if IN 6816 6819 yum yum NN 6819 6820 , , , 6821 6825 then then RB 6826 6831 there there EX 6832 6836 will will MD 6837 6845 probably probably RB 6846 6848 be be VB 6849 6853 more more JJR 6854 6856 of of IN 6857 6861 this this DT 6862 6866 type type NN 6867 6869 of of IN 6870 6875 agent agent NN 6875 6876 , , , 6877 6885 osprings ospring NNS 6886 6888 of of IN 6889 6892 the the DT 6893 6898 first first JJ 6898 6899 . . . 6900 6902 If if IN 6903 6907 yuck yuck NN 6907 6908 , , , 6909 6911 it it PRP 6912 6914 is be VBZ 6915 6918 not not RB 6919 6921 so so RB 6922 6928 likely likely RB 6929 6933 this this DT 6934 6941 lineage lineage NN 6942 6946 will will MD 6947 6954 prosper prosper VB 6954 6955 . . . 6956 6960 Once once IN 6961 6965 yuck yuck NN 6966 6969 and and CC 6970 6973 yum yum NN 6973 6974 , , , 6975 6977 we we PRP 6978 6981 are be VBP 6982 6985 not not RB 6986 6989 far far RB 6990 6994 from from IN 6995 6997 C. C. NNP 6998 7000 S. S. NNP 7001 7007 Pierce Pierce NNP 7007 7008 ’ ' POS 7009 7010 s s NNS 7011 7024 meaning-laden meaning-laden JJ 7025 7033 semiotic semiotic JJ 7034 7039 triad triad NN 7039 7040 : : : 7041 7045 sign sign NN 7045 7046 , , , 7047 7056 signified signify VBN 7056 7057 , , , 7058 7069 significans significan NNS 7069 7070 . . . 7071 7075 Like like IN 7076 7078 it it PRP 7079 7081 or or CC 7082 7085 not not RB 7085 7086 , , , 7087 7090 the the DT 7091 7098 glucose glucose NN 7099 7107 gradient gradient NN 7108 7110 is be VBZ 7111 7112 a a DT 7113 7117 sign sign NN 7117 7118 , , , 7119 7120 a a DT 7121 7130 predictor predictor NN 7130 7131 , , , 7132 7134 of of IN 7136 7138 “ `` `` 7138 7142 more more JJR 7143 7150 glucose glucose NN 7151 7155 that that DT 7156 7159 way way NN 7159 7160 . . . 7160 7162 ” '' '' 7164 7171 Granted grant VBN 7171 7172 , , , 7173 7176 the the DT 7177 7184 glucose glucose NN 7185 7187 is be VBZ 7188 7191 not not RB 7192 7194 an an DT 7195 7204 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 7205 7211 symbol symbol NN 7211 7212 , , , 7213 7216 any any DT 7217 7221 more more JJR 7222 7226 than than IN 7227 7228 a a DT 7229 7234 cloud cloud NN 7235 7237 is be VBZ 7238 7240 an an DT 7241 7250 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 7251 7257 symbol symbol NN 7258 7260 of of IN 7261 7265 rain rain NN 7265 7266 . . . 7267 7269 In in IN 7270 7274 this this DT 7275 7285 restricted restricted JJ 7286 7291 sense sense NN 7291 7292 , , , 7293 7298 signs sign NNS 7299 7302 are be VBP 7303 7311 causally causally RB 7312 7322 correlated correlate VBN 7323 7327 with with IN 7328 7332 that that DT 7333 7338 which which WDT 7339 7341 is be VBZ 7342 7351 signified signify VBN 7351 7352 . . . 7353 7355 By by IN 7356 7364 contrast contrast NN 7364 7365 , , , 7366 7369 the the DT 7370 7378 relation relation NN 7379 7386 between between IN 7387 7390 the the DT 7391 7395 word word NN 7397 7399 “ `` `` 7399 7404 chair chair NN 7404 7406 ” '' '' 7408 7411 and and CC 7412 7416 that that IN 7417 7422 which which WDT 7423 7425 it it PRP 7426 7435 signifies signify VBZ 7435 7436 , , , 7437 7440 and and CC 7441 7443 on on IN 7444 7449 which which WDT 7450 7451 I I PRP 7452 7454 am be VBP 7455 7458 now now RB 7459 7466 sitting sit VBG 7466 7467 , , , 7468 7470 is be VBZ 7471 7480 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 7480 7481 . . . 7482 7485 But but CC 7486 7489 can can MD 7490 7498 chemical chemical JJ 7499 7506 signals signal NNS 7507 7509 in in IN 7510 7519 bacterial bacterial JJ 7520 7523 and and CC 7524 7529 plant plant NN 7530 7533 and and CC 7534 7539 human human JJ 7540 7551 communities community NNS 7552 7554 be be VB 7555 7564 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 7565 7569 from from IN 7570 7571 a a DT 7572 7580 chemical chemical JJ 7581 7587 causal causal JJ 7588 7593 point point NN 7594 7596 of of IN 7597 7601 view view NN 7601 7602 ? ? . 7603 7605 If if IN 7606 7608 so so RB 7608 7609 , , , 7610 7613 can can MD 7615 7617 “ `` `` 7617 7621 mere mere JJ 7622 7631 chemicals chemical NNS 7631 7633 ” '' '' 7635 7637 be be VB 7638 7643 signs sign NNS 7644 7646 in in IN 7647 7650 the the DT 7651 7655 full full JJ 7656 7664 Piercean Piercean NNP 7665 7670 sense sense NN 7670 7671 ? ? . 7672 7673 I I PRP 7674 7681 believe believe VBP 7682 7684 it it PRP 7685 7687 is be VBZ 7688 7693 clear clear JJ 7694 7698 that that IN 7699 7703 mere mere JJ 7704 7713 chemistry chemistry NN 7714 7716 in in IN 7717 7719 an an DT 7720 7730 autonomous autonomous JJ 7731 7736 agent agent NN 7737 7740 can can MD 7741 7747 harbor harbor VB 7748 7755 symbols symbol NNS 7756 7759 and and CC 7760 7765 signs sign NNS 7766 7768 in in IN 7769 7772 the the DT 7773 7777 full full JJ 7778 7784 senses sense NNS 7785 7787 of of IN 7788 7791 the the DT 7792 7797 words word NNS 7797 7798 . . . 7799 7807 Consider consider VB 7808 7813 first first RB 7814 7817 the the DT 7818 7824 famous famous JJ 7825 7832 genetic genetic JJ 7833 7837 code code NN 7837 7838 . . . 7839 7847 Triplets triplet NNS 7848 7850 of of IN 7851 7862 nucleotides nucleotide NNS 7863 7865 in in IN 7866 7868 an an DT 7869 7872 RNA RNA NNP 7873 7881 molecule molecule NN 7882 7887 stand stand NN 7888 7891 for for IN 7892 7900 specific specific JJ 7901 7906 amino amino NN 7907 7912 acids acid NNS 7913 7917 that that WDT 7918 7922 will will MD 7923 7926 end end VB 7927 7929 up up RP 7930 7942 incorporated incorporate VBN 7943 7947 into into IN 7948 7949 a a DT 7950 7957 protein protein NN 7957 7958 . . . 7959 7962 The the DT 7963 7971 detailed detailed JJ 7972 7978 causal causal JJ 7979 7988 machinery machinery NN 7989 7997 involves involve VBZ 7998 8006 transfer transfer NN 8007 8010 RNA RNA NNP 8011 8020 molecules molecule NNS 8021 8025 with with IN 8026 8031 their their PRP$ 8032 8041 anticodon anticodon NN 8042 8046 site site NN 8047 8050 and and CC 8051 8054 the the DT 8055 8062 distant distant JJ 8063 8067 site site NN 8068 8070 to to TO 8071 8076 which which WDT 8077 8082 amino amino NN 8083 8088 acids acid NNS 8089 8092 are be VBP 8093 8101 attached attach VBN 8101 8102 , , , 8103 8106 the the DT 8107 8117 aminoacyle aminoacyle NN 8118 8129 transferase transferase NN 8130 8137 enzymes enzyme NNS 8138 8142 that that WDT 8143 8149 charge charge VBP 8150 8153 the the DT 8154 8159 amino amino JJ 8160 8164 acid acid NN 8165 8172 binding binding NN 8173 8177 site site NN 8178 8180 of of IN 8181 8185 each each DT 8186 8194 transfer transfer NN 8195 8198 RNA RNA NNP 8199 8203 with with IN 8204 8207 the the DT 8208 8214 proper proper JJ 8215 8220 amino amino JJ 8221 8225 acid acid NN 8226 8231 among among IN 8232 8235 the the DT 8236 8242 twenty twenty CD 8243 8248 amino amino NN 8249 8254 acids acid NNS 8254 8255 , , , 8256 8259 the the DT 8260 8267 binding binding NN 8268 8270 of of IN 8271 8274 the the DT 8275 8282 charged charge VBN 8283 8291 transfer transfer NN 8292 8295 RNA RNA NNP 8295 8296 ’ ' '' 8297 8298 s s VBZ 8299 8308 anticodon anticodon NN 8309 8313 site site NN 8314 8316 to to TO 8317 8320 the the DT 8321 8327 proper proper JJ 8328 8331 RNA RNA NNP 8332 8336 code code NN 8337 8341 word word NN 8342 8349 triplet triplet NN 8349 8350 , , , 8351 8354 the the DT 8355 8363 ribosome ribosome NN 8364 8368 that that WDT 8369 8375 glides glide VBZ 8376 8383 between between IN 8384 8392 adjacent adjacent JJ 8393 8400 charged charged JJ 8401 8409 transfer transfer NN 8410 8413 RNA RNA NNP 8414 8423 molecules molecule NNS 8424 8427 and and CC 8428 8433 links link VBZ 8434 8437 the the DT 8438 8448 successive successive JJ 8449 8454 amino amino JJ 8455 8460 acids acid NNS 8461 8465 into into IN 8466 8469 the the DT 8470 8477 growing grow VBG 8478 8489 polypeptide polypeptide NN 8490 8495 chain chain NN 8496 8500 that that WDT 8501 8506 hangs hang VBZ 8507 8511 free free JJ 8512 8514 in in IN 8515 8518 the the DT 8519 8528 cytoplasm cytoplasm NN 8528 8529 , , , 8530 8538 tethered tether VBN 8539 8541 by by IN 8542 8545 the the DT 8546 8554 ribosome ribosome NN 8555 8557 to to TO 8558 8561 the the DT 8562 8571 messenger messenger NN 8572 8575 RNA RNA NNP 8576 8584 molecule molecule NN 8585 8587 as as IN 8588 8590 it it PRP 8591 8593 is be VBZ 8595 8597 “ `` `` 8597 8607 translated translate VBN 8607 8608 . . . 8608 8610 ” '' '' 8612 8615 The the DT 8616 8629 arbitrariness arbitrariness NN 8630 8632 of of IN 8633 8636 the the DT 8637 8644 genetic genetic JJ 8645 8649 code code NN 8650 8652 is be VBZ 8653 8664 exemplified exemplify VBN 8665 8667 by by IN 8668 8671 the the DT 8672 8681 evolution evolution NN 8682 8684 of of IN 8685 8690 novel novel JJ 8691 8699 transfer transfer NN 8700 8703 RNA RNA NNP 8704 8713 molecules molecule NNS 8713 8714 , , , 8715 8720 which which WDT 8721 8730 translate translate VBP 8731 8732 a a DT 8733 8738 given give VBN 8739 8748 messenger messenger NN 8749 8752 RNA RNA NNP 8753 8757 code code NN 8758 8762 word word NN 8763 8770 triplet triplet VBP 8771 8775 into into IN 8776 8777 a a DT 8778 8785 dierent dierent JJ 8786 8791 amino amino JJ 8792 8796 acid acid NN 8796 8797 . . . 8798 8800 As as IN 8801 8803 J. J. NNP 8804 8809 Monod Monod NNP 8810 8818 properly properly RB 8819 8829 emphasized emphasize VBD 8830 8835 three three CD 8836 8843 decades decade NNS 8844 8847 ago ago RB 8848 8850 in in IN 8851 8852 a a DT 8853 8861 slightly slightly RB 8862 8869 dierent dierent JJ 8870 8877 context context NN 8878 8888 concerning concern VBG 8889 8899 activation activation NN 8900 8903 and and CC 8904 8914 inhibition inhibition NN 8915 8917 of of IN 8918 8925 enzymes enzyme NNS 8926 8928 at at IN 8929 8939 allosteric allosteric JJ 8940 8945 sites site NNS 8946 8948 on on IN 8949 8952 the the DT 8953 8959 enzyme enzyme NN 8960 8964 that that WDT 8965 8968 are be VBP 8969 8976 distant distant JJ 8977 8981 from from IN 8982 8985 the the DT 8986 8995 catalytic catalytic JJ 8996 9000 site site NN 9000 9001 , , , 9002 9005 the the DT 9006 9014 relation relation NN 9015 9017 of of IN 9018 9026 chemical chemical JJ 9027 9037 structures structure NNS 9038 9042 that that WDT 9043 9050 achieve achieve VBP 9051 9058 control control NN 9059 9061 of of IN 9062 9071 catalysis catalysis NN 9072 9075 are be VBP 9076 9083 utterly utterly RB 9084 9093 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 9094 9098 with with IN 9099 9106 respect respect NN 9107 9109 to to TO 9110 9113 the the DT 9114 9122 chemical chemical NN 9123 9133 structures structure NNS 9134 9138 that that WDT 9139 9146 undergo undergo VBP 9147 9150 the the DT 9151 9160 catalysis catalysis NN 9160 9161 . . . 9162 9165 The the DT 9166 9170 same same JJ 9171 9173 is be VBZ 9174 9178 true true JJ 9179 9181 of of IN 9182 9185 the the DT 9186 9194 transfer transfer NN 9195 9198 RNA RNA NNP 9199 9204 where where WRB 9205 9208 the the DT 9209 9218 anticodon anticodon NN 9219 9223 site site NN 9224 9226 is be VBZ 9227 9234 distant distant JJ 9235 9239 from from IN 9240 9243 the the DT 9244 9249 amino amino JJ 9250 9254 acid acid NN 9255 9262 binding binding NN 9263 9267 site site NN 9267 9268 . . . 9269 9276 Because because IN 9277 9279 of of IN 9280 9284 this this DT 9284 9285 , , , 9286 9291 which which WDT 9292 9297 amino amino JJ 9298 9302 acid acid NN 9303 9305 is be VBZ 9306 9313 charged charge VBN 9314 9318 onto onto IN 9319 9320 a a DT 9321 9331 particular particular JJ 9332 9340 transfer transfer NN 9341 9344 RNA RNA NNP 9345 9347 is be VBZ 9348 9355 utterly utterly RB 9356 9365 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 9366 9369 and and CC 9370 9380 controlled control VBN 9381 9383 by by IN 9384 9387 the the DT 9388 9398 aminoacyle aminoacyle NN 9399 9410 transferase transferase NN 9411 9417 enzyme enzyme NN 9418 9422 that that WDT 9423 9427 does do VBZ 9428 9431 the the DT 9432 9440 charging charging NN 9440 9441 , , , 9442 9446 plus plus CC 9447 9450 the the DT 9451 9460 structure structure NN 9461 9463 of of IN 9464 9467 the the DT 9468 9473 amino amino JJ 9474 9478 acid acid NN 9479 9486 binding binding NN 9487 9491 site site NN 9492 9494 on on IN 9495 9498 the the DT 9499 9507 transfer transfer NN 9508 9511 RNA RNA NNP 9511 9512 . . . 9513 9517 Both both DT 9518 9520 of of IN 9521 9526 these these DT 9527 9530 can can MD 9531 9533 be be VB 9534 9541 altered alter VBN 9542 9549 without without IN 9550 9558 altering alter VBG 9559 9562 the the DT 9563 9578 anticodon-codon anticodon-codon JJ 9579 9587 matching matching NN 9588 9597 mechanism mechanism NN 9597 9598 . . . 9599 9601 In in IN 9602 9607 short short JJ 9607 9608 , , , 9609 9618 chemistry chemistry NN 9619 9625 allows allow VBZ 9626 9635 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 9636 9649 organizations organization NNS 9650 9652 of of IN 9653 9660 control control NN 9661 9670 relations relation NNS 9670 9671 . . . 9672 9674 It it PRP 9675 9680 seems seem VBZ 9681 9686 fully fully RB 9687 9697 legitimate legitimate JJ 9698 9700 to to TO 9701 9707 assign assign VB 9708 9711 the the DT 9712 9720 concepts concept NNS 9721 9723 of of IN 9724 9728 sign sign NN 9728 9729 , , , 9730 9739 signified signify VBN 9739 9740 , , , 9741 9744 and and CC 9745 9756 significans significan NNS 9757 9759 to to TO 9760 9763 the the DT 9764 9771 genetic genetic JJ 9772 9776 code code NN 9776 9777 . . . 9778 9780 It it PRP 9781 9786 seems seem VBZ 9787 9797 legitimate legitimate JJ 9798 9800 to to TO 9801 9807 extend extend VB 9808 9812 that that DT 9813 9819 notion notion NN 9820 9822 to to TO 9823 9827 much much JJ 9828 9830 of of IN 9831 9834 the the DT 9835 9841 subtle subtle JJ 9842 9851 signaling signaling NN 9851 9852 , , , 9853 9861 chemical chemical NN 9862 9865 and and CC 9866 9875 otherwise otherwise RB 9875 9876 , , , 9877 9883 within within IN 9884 9887 and and CC 9888 9895 between between IN 9896 9906 autonomous autonomous JJ 9907 9913 agents agent NNS 9913 9914 , , , 9915 9917 as as IN 9918 9929 exemplified exemplify VBN 9930 9932 by by IN 9933 9939 plants plant NNS 9940 9944 that that IN 9945 9949 upon upon IN 9950 9961 infestation infestation NN 9962 9964 by by IN 9965 9966 a a DT 9967 9977 particular particular JJ 9978 9984 insect insect NN 9985 9992 secrete secrete VBP 9993 9994 a a DT 9995 10004 secondary secondary JJ 10005 10015 metabolite metabolite NN 10016 10024 chemical chemical NN 10025 10029 that that IN 10031 10033 “ `` `` 10033 10038 warns warn NNS 10038 10040 ” '' '' 10042 10047 other other JJ 10048 10055 members member NNS 10056 10058 of of IN 10059 10062 the the DT 10063 10067 same same JJ 10068 10075 species specie NNS 10076 10080 that that IN 10081 10083 an an DT 10084 10090 insect insect NN 10091 10102 infestation infestation NN 10103 10105 is be VBZ 10106 10115 happening happen VBG 10116 10119 and and CC 10120 10122 to to TO 10123 10127 turn turn VB 10128 10130 on on RP 10131 10140 defensive defensive JJ 10141 10152 anti-insect anti-insect JJ 10153 10162 secondary secondary JJ 10163 10174 metabolites metabolite NNS 10174 10175 . . . 10176 10179 The the DT 10180 10188 calculus calculus NN 10189 10193 that that WDT 10194 10196 is be VBZ 10197 10203 Claude Claude NNP 10204 10211 Shannon Shannon NNP 10211 10212 ’ ' POS 10213 10214 s s JJ 10215 10222 elegant elegant JJ 10223 10234 information information NN 10235 10241 theory theory NN 10242 10245 has have VBZ 10246 10252 always always RB 10253 10257 been be VBN 10258 10263 about about IN 10264 10273 reduction reduction NN 10274 10276 of of IN 10277 10288 uncertainty uncertainty NN 10289 10294 about about IN 10295 10298 the the DT 10299 10309 statistics statistic NNS 10310 10312 of of IN 10313 10316 the the DT 10317 10323 source source NN 10324 10326 of of IN 10327 10328 a a DT 10329 10332 set set NN 10333 10335 of of IN 10336 10343 symbols symbol NNS 10343 10344 . . . 10345 10352 Nowhere nowhere RB 10353 10355 in in IN 10356 10359 the the DT 10360 10364 core core NN 10365 10367 of of IN 10368 10375 Shannon Shannon NNP 10375 10376 ’ ' POS 10377 10378 s s NN 10379 10383 work work NN 10384 10394 concerning concern VBG 10395 10398 the the DT 10399 10407 encoding encoding NN 10408 10411 and and CC 10412 10424 transmission transmission NN 10425 10427 of of IN 10428 10439 information information NN 10440 10444 does do VBZ 10445 10448 the the DT 10449 10456 meaning meaning NN 10456 10457 , , , 10458 10460 or or CC 10461 10470 semantics semantic NNS 10470 10471 , , , 10472 10474 of of IN 10475 10478 the the DT 10479 10490 information information NN 10491 10496 enter enter NN 10496 10497 . . . 10498 10502 This this DT 10503 10505 is be VBZ 10506 10508 no no DT 10509 10518 criticism criticism NN 10518 10519 , , , 10520 10523 and and CC 10524 10526 is be VBZ 10527 10533 widely widely RB 10534 10539 known know VBN 10540 10543 and and CC 10544 10555 appreciated appreciate VBN 10555 10556 . . . 10557 10562 There there EX 10563 10565 is be VBZ 10565 10566 , , , 10567 10574 however however RB 10574 10575 , , , 10576 10580 just just RB 10581 10582 a a DT 10583 10587 hint hint NN 10588 10590 of of IN 10591 10600 semantics semantic NNS 10601 10603 in in IN 10604 10611 Shannon Shannon NNP 10611 10612 ’ ' POS 10613 10614 s s JJ 10615 10619 view view NN 10620 10624 that that IN 10625 10628 the the DT 10629 10638 semantics semantic NNS 10639 10646 resides reside VBZ 10647 10649 in in IN 10650 10653 the the DT 10655 10657 “ `` `` 10657 10664 decoder decoder NN 10664 10665 . . . 10665 10667 ” '' '' 10669 10670 I I PRP 10671 10677 cannot cannot MD 10678 10681 buy buy VB 10682 10689 Shannon Shannon NNP 10689 10690 ’ ' POS 10691 10692 s s JJ 10693 10697 view view NN 10698 10704 unless unless IN 10705 10708 the the DT 10709 10716 decoder decoder NN 10717 10719 is be VBZ 10720 10722 an an DT 10723 10733 autonomous autonomous JJ 10734 10739 agent agent NN 10739 10740 . . . 10741 10743 If if IN 10744 10747 not not RB 10747 10748 , , , 10749 10753 then then RB 10754 10757 the the DT 10758 10765 decoder decoder NN 10766 10772 merely merely RB 10773 10783 transforms transform VBZ 10784 10785 a a DT 10786 10789 bit bit NN 10790 10796 string string NN 10797 10801 sent send VBN 10802 10807 along along IN 10808 10809 a a DT 10810 10823 communication communication NN 10824 10831 channel channel NN 10832 10836 into into IN 10837 10841 some some DT 10842 10847 other other JJ 10848 10856 discrete discrete JJ 10857 10859 or or CC 10860 10870 continuous continuous JJ 10871 10879 dynamics dynamic NNS 10881 10888 perhaps perhaps RB 10889 10890 a a DT 10891 10894 set set NN 10895 10897 of of IN 10898 10910 water-filled water-filled JJ 10911 10916 bowls bowl NNS 10917 10919 is be VBZ 10920 10927 drained drain VBN 10928 10930 by by IN 10931 10938 turning turn VBG 10939 10941 on on IN 10942 10943 a a DT 10944 10951 machine machine NN 10952 10956 that that WDT 10957 10962 opens open VBZ 10963 10969 valves valve NNS 10970 10977 between between IN 10978 10981 the the DT 10982 10987 bowls bowl NNS 10988 10991 and and CC 10992 10994 to to TO 10995 10998 the the DT 10999 11006 outside outside JJ 11007 11012 world world NN 11013 11015 in in IN 11016 11026 particular particular JJ 11027 11031 ways way NNS 11031 11032 . . . 11033 11036 The the DT 11037 11045 patterns pattern NNS 11046 11048 of of IN 11049 11053 bowl bowl NN 11054 11062 drainage drainage NN 11063 11067 upon upon IN 11068 11075 receipt receipt NN 11076 11078 of of IN 11079 11082 the the DT 11083 11089 binary binary JJ 11090 11096 string string NN 11097 11105 messages message NNS 11106 11110 sent send VBN 11111 11116 along along IN 11117 11120 the the DT 11121 11134 communication communication NN 11135 11142 channel channel NN 11143 11154 constitutes constitute VBZ 11155 11158 the the DT 11159 11167 decoding decoding NN 11167 11168 . . . 11169 11172 But but CC 11173 11175 if if IN 11176 11179 the the DT 11180 11189 recipient recipient NN 11190 11192 is be VBZ 11193 11195 an an DT 11196 11206 autonomous autonomous JJ 11207 11212 agent agent NN 11213 11217 such such JJ 11218 11220 as as IN 11221 11222 a a DT 11223 11232 bacterium bacterium NN 11233 11236 and and CC 11237 11240 the the DT 11241 11249 incoming incoming JJ 11250 11258 molecule molecule NN 11259 11261 is be VBZ 11262 11263 a a DT 11264 11275 symbol-sign symbol-sign NN 11276 11278 of of IN 11279 11280 a a DT 11281 11291 paramecium paramecium NN 11292 11294 or or CC 11295 11297 an an DT 11298 11304 amoeba amoeba NN 11305 11307 on on IN 11308 11311 the the DT 11312 11316 roam roam NN 11317 11320 and and CC 11321 11324 the the DT 11325 11334 bacterium bacterium NN 11335 11340 swims swim NNS 11341 11345 away away RB 11346 11349 and and CC 11350 11356 avoids avoid NNS 11357 11365 becoming become VBG 11366 11372 dinner dinner NN 11372 11373 , , , 11374 11378 that that IN 11379 11387 sequence sequence NN 11388 11390 of of IN 11391 11397 events event NNS 11398 11403 seems seem VBZ 11404 11409 laden laden NN 11410 11414 with with IN 11415 11424 semantics semantic NNS 11424 11425 . . . 11426 11428 If if IN 11429 11433 only only RB 11434 11437 the the DT 11438 11447 bacterium bacterium NN 11448 11453 could could MD 11454 11458 tell tell VB 11459 11461 us us PRP 11461 11462 : : : 11464 11466 “ `` `` 11466 11469 Did Did NNP 11470 11473 you you PRP 11474 11477 see see VBP 11478 11482 that that IN 11483 11488 truck truck NN 11489 11491 of of IN 11492 11493 a a DT 11494 11504 paramecium paramecium NN 11505 11511 coming come VBG 11512 11514 at at IN 11515 11517 me me PRP 11517 11518 ? ? . 11519 11520 I I PRP 11520 11521 ’ ' `` 11522 11524 ve ve NN 11525 11528 run run VBP 11529 11533 into into IN 11534 11538 that that DT 11539 11542 one one CD 11543 11549 before before RB 11549 11550 ! ! . 11551 11552 I I PRP 11553 11559 ducked duck VBD 11560 11565 under under IN 11566 11567 a a DT 11568 11575 boulder boulder NN 11575 11576 , , , 11577 11580 and and CC 11581 11583 he he PRP 11584 11589 never never RB 11590 11596 sensed sense VBD 11597 11599 me me PRP 11599 11600 . . . 11601 11602 I I PRP 11603 11607 made make VBD 11608 11610 it it PRP 11611 11615 home home NN 11615 11616 . . . 11617 11621 Pass pass VB 11622 11624 me me PRP 11625 11629 some some DT 11630 11634 more more JJR 11635 11642 glucose glucose NN 11643 11649 please please NN 11649 11650 , , , 11651 11657 Martha Martha NNP 11657 11658 . . . 11658 11660 ” '' '' 11662 11663 I I PRP 11664 11668 will will MD 11669 11675 return return VB 11676 11678 in in IN 11679 11682 the the DT 11683 11687 next next JJ 11688 11695 chapter chapter NN 11696 11698 to to TO 11699 11706 discuss discuss VB 11707 11711 such such JJ 11712 11719 stories story NNS 11719 11720 , , , 11721 11724 for for IN 11725 11726 I I PRP 11727 11731 will will MD 11732 11735 say say VB 11736 11740 that that IN 11741 11743 we we PRP 11744 11750 cannot cannot MD 11751 11759 prestate prestate VB 11760 11763 the the DT 11764 11777 configuration configuration NN 11778 11783 space space NN 11784 11786 of of IN 11787 11788 a a DT 11789 11798 biosphere biosphere NN 11799 11802 and and CC 11802 11803 , , , 11804 11813 therefore therefore RB 11813 11814 , , , 11815 11821 cannot cannot MD 11822 11828 deduce deduce VB 11829 11833 that that IN 11834 11839 which which WDT 11840 11844 will will MD 11845 11851 unfold unfold VB 11851 11852 . . . 11853 11857 Thus thus RB 11857 11858 , , , 11859 11864 among among IN 11865 11870 other other JJ 11871 11877 things thing NNS 11877 11878 , , , 11879 11881 we we PRP 11882 11886 must must MD 11887 11891 tell tell VB 11892 11899 stories story NNS 11900 11902 to to TO 11903 11913 understand understand VB 11914 11917 the the DT 11918 11926 oriented oriented JJ 11927 11934 actions action NNS 11935 11937 of of IN 11938 11944 agents agent NNS 11945 11947 in in IN 11948 11953 their their PRP$ 11954 11960 worlds world NNS 11960 11961 . . . 11962 11964 Do do VBP 11965 11968 not not RB 11969 11971 be be VB 11972 11978 overly overly RB 11979 11984 quick quick JJ 11985 11987 to to TO 11988 11994 accuse accuse VB 11995 11997 me me PRP 11998 12000 of of IN 12001 12019 anthropomorphizing anthropomorphize VBG 12019 12020 . . . 12021 12022 I I PRP 12023 12026 too too RB 12027 12031 know know VBP 12032 12035 the the DT 12036 12041 risks risk NNS 12041 12042 , , , 12043 12052 including include VBG 12053 12056 the the DT 12057 12063 common common JJ 12064 12069 claim claim NN 12070 12074 that that IN 12075 12077 we we PRP 12078 12081 can can MD 12082 12088 always always RB 12089 12091 in in IN 12092 12101 principle principle NN 12102 12111 translate translate NN 12112 12116 from from IN 12118 12120 “ `` `` 12120 12131 intentional intentional JJ 12132 12136 talk talk NN 12136 12138 ” '' '' 12140 12142 to to TO 12143 12146 the the DT 12147 12152 fully fully RB 12153 12163 predictive predictive JJ 12164 12170 causal causal JJ 12171 12178 account account NN 12179 12181 of of IN 12182 12185 the the DT 12186 12192 events event NNS 12193 12195 in in IN 12196 12204 question question NN 12204 12205 . . . 12206 12209 But but CC 12210 12218 patience patience NN 12218 12219 . . . 12220 12223 Not not RB 12224 12228 only only RB 12229 12232 are be VBP 12233 12235 we we PRP 12236 12242 unable unable JJ 12243 12245 to to TO 12246 12254 prestate prestate VB 12255 12258 the the DT 12259 12272 configuration configuration NN 12273 12278 space space NN 12279 12281 of of IN 12282 12283 a a DT 12284 12293 biosphere biosphere NN 12294 12297 and and CC 12298 12305 predict predict VBP 12306 12310 what what WP 12311 12315 will will MD 12316 12322 unfold unfold VB 12322 12323 , , , 12324 12327 but but CC 12328 12330 we we PRP 12331 12335 also also RB 12336 12342 cannot cannot MD 12343 12347 even even RB 12348 12357 translate translate VB 12359 12361 in in IN 12362 12365 the the DT 12366 12371 sense sense NN 12372 12374 of of IN 12375 12384 necessary necessary JJ 12385 12388 and and CC 12389 12396 sucient sucient JJ 12397 12407 conditions condition NNS 12409 12413 from from IN 12414 12419 legal legal JJ 12420 12424 talk talk NN 12425 12427 to to TO 12428 12434 normal normal JJ 12435 12446 intentional intentional JJ 12447 12451 talk talk NN 12451 12452 , , , 12453 12456 let let VB 12457 12462 alone alone RB 12463 12467 from from IN 12468 12473 legal legal JJ 12474 12478 talk talk NN 12479 12481 of of IN 12482 12491 Henderson Henderson NNP 12492 12497 found find VBD 12498 12504 guilty guilty JJ 12505 12507 of of IN 12508 12514 murder murder NN 12515 12517 to to TO 12518 12519 a a DT 12520 12528 physical physical JJ 12529 12533 talk talk NN 12534 12539 about about IN 12540 12550 sound-wave sound-wave JJ 12551 12556 forms form NNS 12557 12566 monitored monitor VBN 12567 12570 and and CC 12571 12577 masses mass NNS 12578 12580 at at IN 12581 12591 space-time space-time JJ 12592 12597 lines line NNS 12598 12600 as as IN 12601 12602 a a DT 12603 12614 description description NN 12614 12615 . . . 12616 12620 Then then RB 12621 12624 let let VB 12624 12625 ’ ' '' 12626 12627 s s NNS 12628 12632 just just RB 12633 12635 be be VB 12636 12641 naive naive JJ 12642 12645 for for IN 12646 12649 the the DT 12650 12656 moment moment NN 12656 12657 . . . 12658 12661 The the DT 12662 12671 semantics semantic NNS 12672 12674 of of IN 12675 12678 the the DT 12679 12683 yuck yuck NN 12684 12686 or or CC 12687 12690 yum yum NN 12691 12697 coming come VBG 12698 12702 into into IN 12703 12704 a a DT 12705 12711 simple simple JJ 12712 12722 autonomous autonomous JJ 12723 12728 agent agent NN 12730 12733 say say VBP 12733 12734 , , , 12735 12737 an an DT 12738 12743 early early JJ 12744 12753 bacterium bacterium NN 12755 12757 is be VBZ 12758 12765 somehow somehow RB 12766 12772 linked link VBN 12773 12777 with with IN 12778 12781 the the DT 12782 12790 embodied embodied JJ 12791 12799 know-how know-how NN 12800 12802 of of IN 12803 12807 that that DT 12808 12813 agent agent NN 12814 12816 in in IN 12817 12823 making make VBG 12824 12825 a a DT 12826 12832 living living NN 12832 12833 , , , 12834 12836 or or CC 12837 12844 failing fail VBG 12845 12847 to to TO 12848 12852 make make VB 12853 12854 a a DT 12855 12861 living living NN 12861 12862 , , , 12863 12865 in in IN 12866 12869 its its PRP$ 12870 12875 world world NN 12875 12876 . . . 12877 12880 The the DT 12881 12890 semantics semantic NNS 12891 12893 of of IN 12894 12896 an an DT 12897 12902 event event NN 12903 12905 is be VBZ 12906 12910 some some DT 12911 12917 subset subset NN 12918 12920 of of IN 12921 12924 the the DT 12925 12930 fully fully RB 12931 12942 embroidered embroider VBN 12942 12943 , , , 12944 12961 context-dependent context-dependent JJ 12962 12965 set set NN 12966 12968 of of IN 12969 12975 causal causal JJ 12976 12988 implications implication NNS 12989 12991 of of IN 12992 12995 the the DT 12996 13001 event event NN 13001 13002 , , , 13003 13005 or or CC 13006 13012 signal signal NN 13012 13013 , , , 13014 13016 in in IN 13017 13025 question question NN 13025 13026 . . . 13028 13030 “ `` `` 13030 13033 For for IN 13034 13038 want want NN 13039 13041 of of IN 13042 13043 a a DT 13044 13048 nail nail NN 13048 13049 , , , 13050 13053 the the DT 13054 13058 shoe shoe NN 13059 13062 was be VBD 13063 13067 lost lose VBN 13067 13068 ; ; : 13069 13072 for for IN 13073 13077 want want NN 13078 13080 of of IN 13081 13084 the the DT 13085 13089 shoe shoe NN 13089 13090 , , , 13091 13094 the the DT 13095 13100 horse horse NN 13101 13104 was be VBD 13105 13109 lost lose VBN 13109 13110 ; ; : 13111 13114 and and CC 13115 13118 for for IN 13119 13123 want want NN 13124 13126 of of IN 13127 13130 the the DT 13131 13136 horse horse NN 13136 13137 , , , 13138 13141 the the DT 13142 13147 rider rider NN 13148 13151 was be VBD 13152 13156 lost lose VBN 13156 13157 , , , 13157 13159 ” '' '' 13161 13165 more more JJR 13166 13168 or or CC 13169 13173 less less JJR 13173 13174 , , , 13175 13179 said say VBD 13180 13188 Benjamin Benjamin NNP 13189 13197 Franklin Franklin NNP 13197 13198 . . . 13199 13202 The the DT 13203 13212 semantics semantic NNS 13213 13215 of of IN 13216 13219 the the DT 13220 13224 nail nail NN 13225 13227 is be VBZ 13228 13232 some some DT 13233 13239 subset subset NN 13240 13242 of of IN 13243 13247 this this DT 13248 13259 embroidered embroider VBN 13260 13277 context-dependent context-dependent JJ 13278 13281 set set NN 13282 13284 of of IN 13285 13297 implications implication NNS 13298 13300 of of IN 13301 13304 the the DT 13305 13310 event event NN 13310 13311 , , , 13312 13314 or or CC 13315 13321 signal signal NN 13321 13322 , , , 13323 13325 in in IN 13326 13334 question question NN 13335 13337 to to TO 13338 13341 the the DT 13342 13352 autonomous autonomous JJ 13353 13359 agents agent NNS 13360 13362 in in IN 13363 13366 the the DT 13367 13377 coevolving coevolve VBG 13378 13384 system system NN 13384 13385 . . . 13386 13388 It it PRP 13389 13394 seems seem VBZ 13395 13399 hard hard JJ 13400 13402 to to TO 13403 13410 ascribe ascribe VB 13411 13418 purpose purpose NN 13418 13419 , , , 13420 13422 in in IN 13423 13426 the the DT 13427 13432 sense sense NN 13433 13435 of of IN 13436 13442 acting act VBG 13443 13445 on on IN 13446 13449 its its PRP$ 13450 13453 own own JJ 13454 13460 behalf behalf NN 13460 13461 , , , 13462 13464 to to TO 13465 13466 a a DT 13467 13472 stone stone NN 13473 13475 or or CC 13476 13477 a a DT 13478 13483 chair chair NN 13484 13487 and and CC 13488 13492 easy easy JJ 13493 13497 with with IN 13498 13505 respect respect NN 13506 13508 to to TO 13509 13511 an an DT 13512 13516 alga alga NN 13516 13517 . . . 13518 13520 Of of IN 13521 13527 course course NN 13527 13528 , , , 13529 13534 there there EX 13535 13537 is be VBZ 13538 13539 a a DT 13540 13545 sense sense NN 13546 13548 in in IN 13549 13554 which which WDT 13555 13557 my my PRP$ 13558 13569 attribution attribution NN 13570 13572 of of IN 13573 13582 semantics semantic NNS 13583 13585 to to TO 13586 13596 autonomous autonomous JJ 13597 13603 agents agent NNS 13604 13606 is be VBZ 13607 13613 purely purely RB 13614 13626 tautological tautological JJ 13626 13627 . . . 13628 13633 After after IN 13634 13637 all all DT 13637 13638 , , , 13639 13640 I I PRP 13641 13646 began begin VBD 13647 13649 by by IN 13650 13657 stating state VBG 13658 13662 that that IN 13663 13664 a a DT 13665 13674 bacterium bacterium NN 13675 13683 swimming swimming NN 13684 13692 upstream upstream JJ 13693 13695 in in IN 13696 13699 the the DT 13700 13707 glucose glucose NN 13708 13716 gradient gradient NN 13717 13720 was be VBD 13721 13727 acting act VBG 13728 13730 on on IN 13731 13734 its its PRP$ 13735 13738 own own JJ 13739 13745 behalf behalf NN 13746 13748 in in IN 13749 13751 an an DT 13752 13763 environment environment NN 13763 13764 , , , 13765 13772 defined define VBD 13773 13775 an an DT 13776 13786 autonomous autonomous JJ 13787 13792 agent agent NN 13793 13795 as as IN 13796 13797 a a DT 13798 13806 physical physical JJ 13807 13813 system system NN 13814 13818 able able JJ 13819 13821 to to TO 13822 13825 act act VB 13826 13828 on on IN 13829 13832 its its PRP$ 13833 13836 own own JJ 13837 13843 behalf behalf NN 13843 13844 , , , 13845 13849 then then RB 13850 13855 asked ask VBD 13856 13860 what what WP 13861 13862 a a DT 13863 13871 physical physical JJ 13872 13878 system system NN 13879 13883 must must MD 13884 13886 be be VB 13887 13891 such such JJ 13892 13896 that that IN 13897 13899 it it PRP 13900 13903 can can MD 13904 13907 act act VB 13908 13910 on on IN 13911 13914 its its PRP$ 13915 13918 own own JJ 13919 13925 behalf behalf NN 13925 13926 . . . 13927 13930 Now now RB 13930 13931 , , , 13932 13936 five five CD 13937 13945 chapters chapter NNS 13946 13951 later later RB 13951 13952 , , , 13953 13955 it it PRP 13956 13958 is be VBZ 13959 13965 hardly hardly RB 13966 13968 an an DT 13969 13980 independent independent JJ 13981 13990 deduction deduction NN 13991 13995 that that IN 13996 14006 autonomous autonomous JJ 14007 14013 agents agent NNS 14014 14017 are be VBP 14018 14021 the the DT 14022 14030 proposed propose VBN 14031 14043 organization organization NN 14044 14046 of of IN 14047 14053 matter matter NN 14053 14054 , , , 14055 14061 energy energy NN 14061 14062 , , , 14063 14066 and and CC 14067 14079 organization organization NN 14080 14082 to to TO 14083 14088 which which WDT 14089 14097 purposes purpose NNS 14098 14101 can can MD 14102 14104 be be VB 14105 14113 ascribed ascribe VBN 14114 14116 in in IN 14117 14120 the the DT 14121 14126 sense sense NN 14127 14129 of of IN 14130 14135 being be VBG 14136 14140 able able JJ 14141 14143 to to TO 14144 14147 act act VB 14148 14150 on on IN 14151 14156 their their PRP$ 14157 14160 own own JJ 14161 14167 behalf behalf NN 14167 14168 . . . 14169 14171 My my PRP$ 14172 14182 definition definition NN 14183 14185 is be VBZ 14186 14187 a a DT 14188 14200 definitional definitional JJ 14201 14207 circle circle NN 14207 14208 . . . 14209 14211 On on IN 14212 14215 the the DT 14216 14221 other other JJ 14222 14226 hand hand NN 14226 14227 , , , 14228 14233 while while IN 14234 14237 the the DT 14238 14248 definition definition NN 14249 14251 is be VBZ 14252 14260 circular circular JJ 14260 14261 , , , 14262 14266 like like IN 14267 14268 F F NNP 14269 14270 = = SYM 14271 14273 MA MA NNP 14274 14277 and and CC 14278 14284 Darwin Darwin NNP 14284 14285 ’ ' POS 14286 14287 s s NNS 14289 14291 “ `` `` 14291 14298 natural natural JJ 14299 14308 selection selection NN 14308 14310 ” '' '' 14312 14315 and and CC 14317 14319 “ `` `` 14319 14326 fitness fitness NN 14326 14327 , , , 14327 14329 ” '' '' 14331 14335 that that WDT 14336 14340 does do VBZ 14341 14344 not not RB 14345 14349 mean mean VB 14350 14354 that that IN 14355 14358 the the DT 14359 14362 set set NN 14363 14365 of of IN 14366 14375 codefined codefine VBN 14376 14384 concepts concept NNS 14385 14396 surrounding surround VBG 14397 14399 my my PRP$ 14400 14410 definition definition NN 14411 14413 of of IN 14414 14416 an an DT 14417 14427 autonomous autonomous JJ 14428 14433 agent agent NN 14434 14436 as as IN 14437 14438 a a DT 14439 14450 reproducing reproduce VBG 14451 14457 system system NN 14458 14462 that that WDT 14463 14467 does do VBZ 14468 14469 a a DT 14470 14474 work work NN 14475 14480 cycle cycle NN 14481 14486 fails fail VBZ 14487 14489 to to TO 14490 14495 touch touch VB 14496 14499 the the DT 14500 14504 real real JJ 14505 14510 world world NN 14510 14511 . . . 14512 14518 Stones stone NNS 14519 14522 and and CC 14523 14529 chairs chair NNS 14530 14533 are be VBP 14534 14537 not not RB 14537 14538 , , , 14539 14541 by by IN 14542 14544 my my PRP$ 14545 14555 definition definition NN 14555 14556 , , , 14557 14567 autonomous autonomous JJ 14568 14574 agents agent NNS 14574 14575 . . . 14576 14579 All all DT 14580 14586 living live VBG 14587 14592 cells cell NNS 14593 14596 are be VBP 14596 14597 . . . 14598 14601 And and CC 14602 14605 the the DT 14606 14614 stunning stunning JJ 14615 14619 fact fact NN 14620 14628 directly directly RB 14629 14635 before before IN 14636 14638 us us PRP 14638 14639 , , , 14640 14645 every every DT 14646 14649 day day NN 14649 14650 , , , 14651 14653 is be VBZ 14654 14658 that that IN 14659 14669 autonomous autonomous JJ 14670 14676 agents agent NNS 14677 14679 do do VBP 14680 14690 manipulate manipulate VB 14691 14694 the the DT 14695 14700 world world NN 14701 14703 on on IN 14704 14709 their their PRP$ 14710 14713 own own JJ 14714 14720 behalf behalf NN 14720 14721 . . . 14722 14727 Watch watch VB 14728 14729 a a DT 14730 14734 pair pair NN 14735 14737 of of IN 14738 14745 nesting nest VBG 14746 14751 birds bird NNS 14752 14757 build build VB 14758 14763 their their PRP$ 14764 14768 nest nest NN 14768 14769 . . . 14770 14772 In in IN 14773 14778 short short JJ 14778 14779 , , , 14780 14784 once once IN 14785 14787 we we PRP 14788 14792 have have VBP 14793 14803 autonomous autonomous JJ 14804 14810 agents agent NNS 14811 14814 and and CC 14815 14819 yuck yuck NN 14820 14823 and and CC 14824 14827 yum yum NN 14827 14828 , , , 14829 14831 it it PRP 14832 14839 appears appear VBZ 14840 14844 that that IN 14845 14854 semantics semantic NNS 14855 14861 enters enter VBZ 14862 14865 the the DT 14866 14874 universe universe NN 14875 14877 as as IN 14878 14881 the the DT 14882 14888 agents agent NNS 14889 14897 coevolve coevolve VBP 14898 14901 and and CC 14902 14908 behave behave VBP 14909 14911 on on IN 14912 14917 their their PRP$ 14918 14921 own own JJ 14922 14928 behalf behalf NN 14929 14933 with with IN 14934 14937 one one CD 14938 14945 another another DT 14946 14948 in in IN 14949 14952 the the DT 14953 14962 unfolding unfolding NN 14963 14965 of of IN 14966 14967 a a DT 14968 14977 biosphere biosphere NN 14977 14978 . . . 14979 14986 Knowing know VBG 14987 14991 What what WP 14992 14997 about about IN 14999 15001 “ `` `` 15001 15008 knowing know VBG 15008 15010 ” '' '' 15011 15012 ? ? . 15013 15019 Daniel Daniel NNP 15020 15027 Dennett Dennett NNP 15027 15028 , , , 15029 15031 in in IN 15032 15035 his his PRP$ 15036 15040 fine fine JJ 15041 15045 book book NN 15046 15052 Darwin Darwin NNP 15052 15053 ’ ' POS 15054 15055 s s NNS 15056 15065 Dangerous Dangerous NNP 15066 15070 Idea Idea NNP 15070 15071 , , , 15072 15080 advances advance VBZ 15081 15082 a a DT 15083 15092 hierarchy hierarchy NN 15093 15095 of of IN 15096 15101 forms form NNS 15102 15104 of of IN 15106 15108 “ `` `` 15108 15115 knowing know VBG 15115 15116 , , , 15116 15118 ” '' '' 15120 15122 if if IN 15123 15124 I I PRP 15125 15128 may may MD 15129 15132 use use VB 15133 15137 that that DT 15138 15142 term term NN 15142 15143 , , , 15144 15148 that that WDT 15149 15153 have have VBP 15154 15160 arisen arise VBN 15161 15163 in in IN 15164 15173 evolution evolution NN 15174 15176 by by IN 15177 15186 Darwinian darwinian JJ 15187 15192 means mean NNS 15192 15193 . . . 15194 15195 I I PRP 15196 15200 find find VBP 15201 15204 his his PRP$ 15205 15214 hierarchy hierarchy JJ 15215 15224 congenial congenial JJ 15225 15228 and and CC 15229 15240 informative informative JJ 15240 15241 . . . 15242 15249 Dennett Dennett NNP 15250 15259 envisions envision NNS 15260 15269 evolution evolution NN 15270 15272 as as IN 15273 15274 a a DT 15275 15283 sequence sequence NN 15284 15286 of of IN 15287 15292 kinds kind NNS 15293 15295 of of IN 15296 15308 construction construction NN 15309 15315 cranes crane NNS 15316 15320 that that WDT 15321 15324 bit bite VBP 15325 15327 by by IN 15328 15331 bit bit NN 15332 15337 build build VBP 15338 15340 up up RP 15341 15353 higher-order higher-ord JJR 15354 15362 entities entity NNS 15363 15366 via via IN 15367 15376 variation variation NN 15377 15380 and and CC 15381 15388 natural natural JJ 15389 15398 selection selection NN 15398 15399 . . . 15400 15401 I I PRP 15402 15404 do do VBP 15405 15408 not not RB 15409 15417 disagree disagree VB 15417 15418 , , , 15419 15427 although although IN 15428 15429 I I PRP 15430 15434 have have VBP 15435 15441 placed place VBN 15442 15445 far far RB 15446 15453 greater great JJR 15454 15462 emphasis emphasis NN 15463 15465 on on IN 15466 15469 the the DT 15470 15475 roles role NNS 15476 15478 of of IN 15479 15496 self-organization self-organization NN 15497 15499 in in IN 15500 15509 evolution evolution NN 15509 15510 . . . 15511 15515 Here here RB 15515 15516 , , , 15517 15519 in in IN 15520 15534 Investigations investigation NNS 15534 15535 , , , 15536 15537 I I PRP 15538 15540 am be VBP 15541 15547 trying try VBG 15548 15550 to to TO 15551 15556 point point NN 15557 15559 at at IN 15560 15563 the the DT 15564 15574 mysterious mysterious JJ 15575 15578 but but CC 15579 15586 utterly utterly RB 15587 15594 natural natural JJ 15595 15606 hopefulness hopefulness NN 15607 15609 in in IN 15610 15615 which which WDT 15616 15618 an an DT 15619 15629 increasing increase VBG 15630 15639 diversity diversity NN 15640 15642 of of IN 15643 15649 broken broken JJ 15650 15660 symmetries symmetry NNS 15661 15663 in in IN 15664 15667 the the DT 15668 15676 universe universe NN 15677 15684 creates create VBZ 15685 15688 the the DT 15689 15698 diversity diversity NN 15699 15701 of of IN 15702 15712 structures structure NNS 15713 15716 and and CC 15717 15726 processes process NNS 15727 15731 that that WDT 15732 15735 can can MD 15736 15746 constitute constitute VB 15747 15750 and and CC 15751 15759 identify identify VB 15760 15768 ramified ramify VBN 15769 15772 and and CC 15773 15782 ramifying ramify VBG 15783 15790 sources source NNS 15791 15793 of of IN 15794 15800 energy energy NN 15800 15801 , , , 15802 15808 detect detect VBP 15809 15814 those those DT 15815 15822 sources source NNS 15823 15825 of of IN 15826 15832 energy energy NN 15832 15833 , , , 15834 15840 create create VB 15841 15848 devices device NNS 15849 15852 and and CC 15853 15862 processes process NNS 15863 15867 that that WDT 15868 15874 couple couple VBP 15875 15877 to to TO 15878 15883 those those DT 15884 15891 sources source NNS 15892 15894 of of IN 15895 15901 energy energy NN 15901 15902 , , , 15903 15906 and and CC 15907 15915 generate generate VB 15916 15919 yet yet RB 15920 15924 more more JJR 15925 15934 diversity diversity NN 15935 15939 that that WDT 15940 15950 propagates propagate VBZ 15951 15962 macroscopic macroscopic JJ 15963 15968 order order NN 15969 15973 even even RB 15974 15981 further further RBR 15981 15982 . . . 15983 15984 I I PRP 15985 15991 wonder wonder VBP 15991 15992 , , , 15993 15995 in in IN 15996 16001 short short JJ 16001 16002 , , , 16003 16005 at at IN 16006 16009 the the DT 16010 16021 naturalness naturalness NN 16022 16025 and and CC 16026 16043 self-generaticity self-generaticity NN 16044 16046 of of IN 16047 16054 Dennett Dennett NNP 16054 16055 ’ ' POS 16056 16057 s s JJ 16058 16064 cranes crane NNS 16065 16073 building build VBG 16074 16080 cranes crane NNS 16081 16089 building build VBG 16090 16096 cranes crane NNS 16097 16099 in in IN 16100 16110 biospheres biosphere NNS 16110 16111 , , , 16112 16119 perhaps perhaps RB 16120 16129 planetary planetary JJ 16130 16139 geologies geology NNS 16139 16140 , , , 16141 16144 and and CC 16145 16151 beyond beyond IN 16151 16152 . . . 16153 16156 But but CC 16157 16161 back back RB 16162 16164 to to TO 16165 16168 the the DT 16169 16173 past past NN 16173 16174 . . . 16175 16182 Dennett Dennett NNP 16183 16196 distinguishes distinguish VBZ 16198 16200 “ `` `` 16200 16209 Darwinian darwinian JJ 16210 16219 creatures creature NNS 16219 16220 , , , 16220 16222 ” '' '' 16225 16227 “ `` `` 16227 16236 Pavlovian pavlovian JJ 16237 16246 creatures creature NNS 16246 16247 , , , 16247 16249 ” '' '' 16252 16254 “ `` `` 16254 16263 Popperian popperian JJ 16264 16273 creatures creature NNS 16273 16274 , , , 16274 16276 ” '' '' 16278 16281 and and CC 16283 16285 “ `` `` 16285 16294 Gregorian gregorian JJ 16295 16304 creatures creature NNS 16304 16305 . . . 16305 16307 ” '' '' 16309 16310 A a DT 16311 16317 simple simple JJ 16318 16328 autonomous autonomous JJ 16329 16334 agent agent NN 16334 16335 , , , 16336 16339 say say VB 16339 16340 , , , 16341 16342 a a DT 16343 16352 bacterium bacterium NN 16352 16353 , , , 16354 16356 is be VBZ 16357 16358 a a DT 16359 16368 Darwinian darwinian JJ 16369 16377 creature creature NN 16377 16378 . . . 16379 16381 In in IN 16382 16385 its its PRP$ 16386 16394 simplest simple JJS 16395 16402 version version NN 16402 16403 , , , 16404 16407 the the DT 16408 16416 creature creature NN 16417 16424 evolves evolve VBZ 16425 16427 by by IN 16428 16436 mutation mutation NN 16436 16437 , , , 16438 16442 also also RB 16443 16456 recombination recombination NN 16457 16460 and and CC 16461 16468 natural natural JJ 16469 16478 selection selection NN 16478 16479 . . . 16480 16483 For for IN 16484 16487 the the DT 16488 16494 moment moment NN 16494 16495 , , , 16496 16498 no no DT 16499 16509 behavioral behavioral JJ 16510 16518 learning learning NN 16519 16521 is be VBZ 16522 16524 to to TO 16525 16527 be be VB 16528 16538 considered consider VBN 16538 16539 . . . 16540 16542 So so RB 16543 16546 one one CD 16547 16548 ( ( ( 16548 16550 or or CC 16551 16552 a a DT 16553 16559 colony colony NN 16560 16562 or or CC 16563 16565 an an DT 16566 16575 ecosystem ecosystem NN 16575 16576 ) ) ) 16577 16579 of of IN 16580 16589 Darwinian darwinian JJ 16590 16599 creatures creature NNS 16600 16606 adapts adapt VBZ 16607 16611 more more JJR 16612 16614 or or CC 16615 16619 less less JJR 16620 16622 as as IN 16623 16629 Darwin Darwin NNP 16630 16634 told tell VBD 16635 16637 us us PRP 16637 16638 . . . 16639 16641 At at IN 16642 16645 the the DT 16646 16650 next next JJ 16651 16656 level level NN 16657 16659 up up RB 16659 16660 , , , 16661 16664 say say VB 16664 16665 , , , 16666 16673 aplysia aplysia NN 16673 16674 , , , 16675 16676 a a DT 16677 16684 nervous nervous JJ 16685 16691 system system NN 16692 16694 is be VBZ 16695 16702 present present JJ 16702 16703 , , , 16704 16707 and and CC 16708 16711 the the DT 16712 16720 creature creature NN 16721 16723 is be VBZ 16724 16731 capable capable JJ 16732 16734 of of IN 16735 16752 stimulus-response stimulus-response JJ 16753 16761 learning learning NN 16761 16762 , , , 16763 16764 a a DT 16765 16767 la la NNP 16768 16774 Pavlov Pavlov NNP 16774 16775 . . . 16776 16782 Indeed indeed RB 16782 16783 , , , 16784 16791 aplysia aplysia NN 16792 16795 can can MD 16796 16801 learn learn VB 16802 16806 very very RB 16807 16813 simple simple JJ 16814 16825 conditioned conditioned JJ 16826 16833 stimuli stimulus NNS 16835 16838 the the DT 16839 16844 later later JJ 16845 16853 analogue analogue NN 16854 16856 is be VBZ 16857 16860 the the DT 16861 16865 bell bell NN 16866 16873 causing cause VBG 16874 16877 the the DT 16878 16881 dog dog NN 16882 16884 to to TO 16885 16893 salivate salivate VB 16894 16896 in in IN 16898 16900 “ `` `` 16900 16911 expectation expectation NN 16911 16913 ” '' '' 16915 16917 of of IN 16918 16922 food food NN 16922 16923 . . . 16924 16926 At at IN 16927 16930 the the DT 16931 16935 next next JJ 16936 16941 level level NN 16942 16943 ( ( ( 16943 16950 Dennett Dennett NNP 16950 16951 , , , 16952 16959 perhaps perhaps RB 16960 16968 properly properly RB 16968 16969 , , , 16970 16978 reserves reserve VBZ 16979 16983 this this DT 16984 16987 for for IN 16988 16990 us us PRP 16991 17002 vertebrates vertebrate VBZ 17002 17003 ) ) ) 17004 17006 is be VBZ 17007 17010 the the DT 17011 17020 Popperian popperian JJ 17021 17029 creature creature NN 17029 17030 . . . 17031 17040 Popperian popperian JJ 17041 17050 creatures creature NNS 17050 17051 , , , 17052 17054 in in IN 17055 17062 Dennett Dennett NNP 17062 17063 ’ ' POS 17064 17065 s s JJ 17066 17070 fine fine JJ 17071 17077 phrase phrase NN 17077 17078 , , , 17079 17083 have have VBP 17085 17087 “ `` `` 17087 17095 internal internal JJ 17096 17102 models model NNS 17102 17104 ” '' '' 17106 17108 of of IN 17109 17114 their their PRP$ 17115 17120 world world NN 17121 17124 and and CC 17125 17128 can can MD 17130 17132 “ `` `` 17132 17135 run run VB 17136 17139 the the DT 17140 17148 internal internal JJ 17149 17154 model model NN 17154 17156 ” '' '' 17158 17162 with with IN 17163 17166 the the DT 17167 17173 clutch clutch NN 17174 17184 disengaged disengage VBD 17184 17185 , , , 17186 17192 rather rather RB 17193 17197 than than IN 17198 17205 running run VBG 17206 17209 the the DT 17210 17215 model model NN 17216 17218 in in IN 17219 17223 real real JJ 17224 17228 time time NN 17229 17231 in in IN 17232 17235 the the DT 17236 17240 real real JJ 17241 17246 world world NN 17246 17247 . . . 17248 17252 This this DT 17253 17259 allows allow VBZ 17260 17262 us us PRP 17263 17268 lucky lucky JJ 17269 17278 Popperian popperian JJ 17279 17288 creatures creature NNS 17289 17291 to to TO 17292 17297 allow allow VB 17298 17301 our our PRP$ 17303 17305 “ `` `` 17305 17315 hypotheses hypothesis NNS 17316 17318 to to TO 17319 17322 die die VB 17323 17325 in in IN 17326 17329 our our PRP$ 17330 17335 stead stead NN 17335 17336 . . . 17336 17338 ” '' '' 17340 17341 I I PRP 17342 17346 love love VBP 17347 17351 that that DT 17352 17357 image image NN 17357 17358 . . . 17359 17365 Beyond beyond IN 17366 17369 the the DT 17370 17379 Popperian Popperian NNP 17380 17382 is be VBZ 17383 17386 the the DT 17387 17396 Gregorian gregorian JJ 17397 17405 creature creature NN 17407 17413 namely namely RB 17413 17414 , , , 17415 17417 at at IN 17418 17423 least least JJS 17424 17430 humans human NNS 17430 17431 . . . 17432 17439 Dennett Dennett NNP 17440 17445 makes make VBZ 17446 17449 the the DT 17450 17459 wonderful wonderful JJ 17460 17468 argument argument NN 17469 17473 that that IN 17474 17476 we we PRP 17477 17484 utilize utilize VBP 17485 17488 our our PRP$ 17489 17494 tools tool NNS 17496 17505 literally literally RB 17506 17511 stone stone VBP 17512 17518 knives knife NNS 17518 17519 , , , 17520 17526 arrows arrow NNS 17526 17527 , , , 17528 17535 digging dig VBG 17536 17542 sticks stick NNS 17542 17543 , , , 17544 17551 machine machine NN 17552 17557 tools tool NNS 17559 17561 to to TO 17562 17569 enlarge enlarge VB 17570 17573 our our PRP$ 17574 17580 shared shared JJ 17581 17586 world world NN 17587 17589 of of IN 17590 17595 facts fact NNS 17596 17599 and and CC 17600 17609 processes process NNS 17609 17610 . . . 17611 17615 This this DT 17616 17624 enlarged enlarged JJ 17625 17631 shared shared JJ 17632 17637 world world NN 17638 17643 gives give VBZ 17644 17646 us us PRP 17647 17651 more more RBR 17652 17660 know-how know-how JJ 17660 17661 , , , 17662 17665 and and CC 17666 17670 more more RBR 17671 17675 know know VB 17676 17680 that that DT 17680 17681 . . . 17682 17690 Cultural cultural JJ 17691 17700 evolution evolution NN 17700 17701 , , , 17702 17704 at at IN 17705 17709 some some DT 17710 17715 point point NN 17715 17716 , , , 17717 17723 begins begin VBZ 17724 17726 to to TO 17727 17732 burst burst VB 17733 17746 out-of-bounds out-of-bound NNS 17746 17747 . . . 17748 17752 Hard Hard NNP 17753 17757 rock rock NN 17758 17763 music music NN 17764 17771 jangles jangle VBZ 17772 17775 the the DT 17776 17784 minarets minaret NNS 17785 17787 of of IN 17788 17792 Iran Iran NNP 17792 17793 . . . 17794 17797 Who who WP 17798 17803 knows know VBZ 17804 17808 what what WP 17809 17812 new new JJ 17813 17821 cultural cultural JJ 17822 17827 forms form NNS 17828 17832 will will MD 17833 17840 blossom blossom VB 17840 17841 ? ? . 17842 17849 Chinese chinese JJ 17850 17857 cooking cooking NN 17858 17863 lands land NNS 17864 17866 in in IN 17867 17871 Cuba Cuba NNP 17871 17872 , , , 17873 17876 and and CC 17877 17890 Cuban-Chinese cuban-chinese JJ 17891 17898 cuisine cuisine NN 17899 17901 is be VBZ 17902 17910 invented invent VBN 17910 17911 . . . 17912 17916 What what WP 17916 17917 ’ ' `` 17918 17919 s s NNS 17920 17924 next next JJ 17925 17930 under under IN 17931 17934 the the DT 17935 17938 sun sun NN 17938 17939 ? ? . 17940 17943 Who who WP 17944 17947 can can MD 17948 17951 say say VB 17951 17952 ? ? . 17953 17954 I I PRP 17955 17959 very very RB 17960 17964 much much RB 17965 17969 like like IN 17970 17977 Dennett Dennett NNP 17977 17978 ’ ' POS 17979 17980 s s JJ 17981 17987 ladder ladder NN 17988 17990 of of IN 17991 17999 know-how know-how NN 17999 18000 , , , 18001 18004 and and CC 18005 18013 eventual eventual JJ 18014 18018 know know VBP 18019 18023 that that DT 18023 18024 . . . 18025 18032 Without without IN 18033 18041 invoking invoke VBG 18042 18055 consciousness consciousness NN 18055 18056 , , , 18057 18060 not not RB 18061 18068 because because IN 18069 18071 it it PRP 18072 18074 is be VBZ 18075 18078 not not RB 18079 18084 worth worth JJ 18085 18093 invoking invoke VBG 18094 18097 but but CC 18098 18105 because because IN 18106 18108 so so RB 18109 18115 little little JJ 18116 18124 sensible sensible NN 18125 18128 has have VBZ 18129 18133 ever ever RB 18134 18138 been be VBN 18139 18143 said say VBD 18144 18146 on on IN 18147 18150 the the DT 18151 18158 subject subject NN 18158 18159 , , , 18160 18162 it it PRP 18163 18168 seems seem VBZ 18169 18174 worth worth JJ 18175 18181 asking ask VBG 18182 18185 how how WRB 18186 18190 much much RB 18191 18193 of of IN 18194 18198 this this DT 18199 18208 hierarchy hierarchy NN 18209 18214 could could MD 18215 18217 be be VB 18218 18226 realized realize VBN 18227 18229 by by IN 18230 18236 simple simple JJ 18237 18246 molecular molecular JJ 18247 18254 systems system NNS 18254 18255 , , , 18256 18260 even even RB 18261 18268 without without IN 18269 18276 evoking evoke VBG 18277 18282 nerve nerve NN 18283 18288 cells cell NNS 18288 18289 . . . 18290 18291 I I PRP 18292 18297 would would MD 18298 18303 think think VB 18304 18305 a a DT 18306 18309 lot lot NN 18310 18312 of of IN 18313 18317 this this DT 18318 18327 hierarchy hierarchy NN 18328 18333 could could MD 18334 18338 find find VB 18339 18348 molecular molecular JJ 18349 18361 realizations realization NNS 18361 18362 . . . 18363 18366 For for IN 18367 18374 example example NN 18374 18375 , , , 18376 18384 bacteria bacteria NNS 18385 18388 and and CC 18389 18396 amoebae amoeba NNS 18397 18399 do do VBP 18400 18404 have have VB 18405 18406 a a DT 18407 18411 kind kind NN 18412 18414 of of IN 18415 18424 Pavlovian pavlovian JJ 18425 18433 learning learning NN 18434 18441 already already RB 18441 18442 , , , 18443 18446 for for IN 18447 18451 they they PRP 18452 18456 have have VBP 18457 18466 receptors receptor NNS 18467 18471 that that WDT 18472 18483 accommodate accommodate VBP 18484 18486 to to TO 18487 18488 a a DT 18489 18497 constant constant JJ 18498 18503 level level NN 18504 18506 of of IN 18507 18508 a a DT 18509 18514 given give VBN 18515 18521 signal signal NN 18522 18528 ligand ligand NN 18529 18532 and and CC 18533 18538 sense sense NN 18539 18546 instead instead RB 18547 18548 a a DT 18549 18555 change change NN 18556 18560 from from IN 18561 18564 the the DT 18565 18572 current current JJ 18573 18578 level level NN 18578 18579 . . . 18580 18584 This this DT 18585 18587 is be VBZ 18588 18591 not not RB 18592 18595 yet yet RB 18596 18599 the the DT 18600 18611 association association NN 18612 18614 of of IN 18615 18616 a a DT 18617 18621 more more RBR 18622 18624 or or CC 18625 18629 less less RBR 18630 18639 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 18640 18651 conditioned condition VBN 18652 18660 stimulus stimulus NN 18661 18665 with with IN 18666 18668 an an DT 18669 18682 unconditioned unconditioned JJ 18683 18691 stimulus stimulus NN 18691 18692 , , , 18693 18696 but but CC 18697 18698 I I PRP 18699 18702 can can MD 18703 18710 imagine imagine VB 18711 18720 chemistry chemistry NN 18721 18723 to to TO 18724 18734 accomplish accomplish VB 18735 18738 the the DT 18739 18745 latter latter JJ 18745 18746 . . . 18747 18749 As as IN 18750 18757 neurons neuron NNS 18758 18761 are be VBP 18762 18770 supposed suppose VBN 18771 18773 to to TO 18774 18785 proliferate proliferate VB 18786 18789 and and CC 18790 18794 form form VB 18795 18800 novel novel JJ 18801 18809 synaptic synaptic JJ 18810 18821 connections connection NNS 18822 18826 that that WDT 18827 18834 survive survive VBP 18835 18837 if if IN 18838 18842 used use VBN 18843 18846 and and CC 18847 18849 to to TO 18850 18857 mediate mediate VB 18858 18861 the the DT 18862 18869 linkage linkage NN 18870 18872 of of IN 18873 18884 conditioned condition VBN 18885 18887 to to TO 18888 18901 unconditioned unconditioned JJ 18902 18910 stimulus stimulus NN 18910 18911 , , , 18912 18915 why why WRB 18916 18919 not not RB 18920 18928 envision envision VB 18929 18930 a a DT 18931 18938 complex complex JJ 18939 18948 chemistry chemistry NN 18948 18949 , , , 18950 18953 say say VB 18953 18954 , , , 18955 18959 very very RB 18960 18967 complex complex JJ 18968 18990 carbohydrate-synthesis carbohydrate-synthesis NN 18991 18999 patterns pattern NNS 19000 19009 sustained sustain VBN 19010 19012 by by IN 19013 19020 complex complex JJ 19021 19025 sets set NNS 19026 19028 of of IN 19029 19036 enzymes enzyme NNS 19037 19042 whose whose WP$ 19043 19053 activities activity NNS 19054 19057 are be VBP 19058 19067 modulated modulate VBN 19068 19070 by by IN 19071 19074 the the DT 19075 19082 dierent dierent JJ 19083 19096 carbohydrates carbohydrate NNS 19097 19107 themselves themselves PRP 19107 19108 , , , 19109 19114 which which WDT 19115 19117 is be VBZ 19118 19122 true true JJ 19123 19125 of of IN 19126 19138 contemporary contemporary JJ 19139 19151 carbohydrate carbohydrate NN 19152 19162 metabolism metabolism NN 19162 19163 . . . 19164 19168 Such such PDT 19169 19170 a a DT 19171 19177 system system NN 19178 19183 might might MD 19184 19191 blindly blindly RB 19192 19195 try try VB 19196 19199 out out RP 19200 19207 variant variant JJ 19208 19216 patterns pattern NNS 19217 19219 of of IN 19220 19229 synthesis synthesis NN 19230 19235 until until IN 19236 19238 it it PRP 19239 19244 could could MD 19245 19254 establish establish VB 19255 19256 a a DT 19257 19272 self-sustaining self-sustaining JJ 19273 19276 web web NN 19277 19284 linking link VBG 19285 19288 the the DT 19289 19302 carbohydrates carbohydrate NNS 19302 19303 , , , 19304 19307 the the DT 19308 19315 enzymes enzyme NNS 19315 19316 , , , 19317 19320 and and CC 19321 19328 certain certain JJ 19329 19336 protein protein NN 19337 19346 receptors receptor NNS 19347 19356 mediating mediate VBG 19357 19360 the the DT 19361 19368 linkage linkage NN 19369 19376 between between IN 19377 19390 unconditioned unconditioned JJ 19391 19394 and and CC 19395 19406 conditioned condition VBN 19407 19415 stimulus stimulus NN 19415 19416 , , , 19417 19421 then then RB 19422 19430 maintain maintain VBP 19431 19435 that that IN 19436 19443 linkage linkage NN 19444 19446 by by IN 19447 19455 positive positive JJ 19456 19464 feedback feedback NN 19465 19470 loops loop VBZ 19470 19471 . . . 19472 19475 The the DT 19476 19481 image image NN 19482 19484 is be VBZ 19485 19488 not not RB 19489 19492 too too RB 19493 19496 far far RB 19497 19501 from from IN 19502 19505 how how WRB 19506 19508 it it PRP 19509 19511 is be VBZ 19512 19520 imagined imagine VBN 19521 19525 that that IN 19527 19529 “ `` `` 19529 19537 idiotype idiotype NN 19537 19539 ” '' '' 19541 19544 and and CC 19546 19548 “ `` `` 19548 19561 anti-idiotype anti-idiotype JJ 19561 19563 ” '' '' 19565 19571 immune immune JJ 19572 19580 networks network NNS 19581 19585 work work VBP 19586 19588 to to TO 19589 19596 sustain sustain VB 19597 19606 synthesis synthesis NN 19607 19609 of of IN 19610 19611 a a DT 19612 19615 set set NN 19616 19618 of of IN 19619 19626 desired desire VBN 19627 19637 antibodies antibody NNS 19638 19645 against against IN 19646 19648 an an DT 19649 19657 incoming incoming JJ 19658 19666 pathogen pathogen NN 19666 19667 . . . 19668 19670 In in IN 19671 19675 such such JJ 19676 19684 networks network NNS 19684 19685 , , , 19686 19689 for for IN 19690 19695 which which WDT 19696 19701 there there EX 19702 19704 is be VBZ 19705 19713 modestly modestly RB 19714 19718 good good JJ 19719 19727 evidence evidence NN 19727 19728 , , , 19729 19730 a a DT 19731 19736 given given JJ 19737 19742 first first JJ 19743 19751 antibody antibody NN 19752 19758 serves serve VBZ 19759 19761 as as IN 19762 19764 an an DT 19765 19772 antigen antigen NN 19773 19777 that that WDT 19778 19788 stimulates stimulate VBZ 19789 19792 the the DT 19793 19797 body body NN 19798 19800 to to TO 19801 19808 produce produce VB 19809 19810 a a DT 19811 19817 second second JJ 19818 19826 antibody antibody NN 19827 19831 that that WDT 19832 19837 binds bind VBZ 19838 19840 to to TO 19841 19844 the the DT 19845 19851 unique unique JJ 19852 19857 amino amino JJ 19858 19862 acid acid NN 19863 19872 sequences sequence NNS 19872 19873 , , , 19874 19880 called call VBD 19881 19884 the the DT 19886 19888 “ `` `` 19888 19896 idiotype idiotype NN 19896 19898 ” '' '' 19900 19902 of of IN 19903 19906 the the DT 19907 19912 first first JJ 19913 19921 antibody antibody NN 19921 19922 . . . 19923 19925 In in IN 19926 19930 turn turn NN 19930 19931 , , , 19932 19935 the the DT 19936 19942 second second JJ 19944 19946 “ `` `` 19946 19959 anti-idiotype anti-idiotype JJ 19959 19961 ” '' '' 19963 19971 antibody antibody NN 19972 19982 stimulates stimulate VBZ 19983 19984 a a DT 19985 19990 third third JJ 19990 19991 , , , 19992 19997 which which WDT 19998 20008 stimulates stimulate VBZ 20009 20010 a a DT 20011 20017 fourth fourth JJ 20017 20018 . . . 20019 20022 But but CC 20023 20027 this this DT 20028 20034 series series NN 20035 20037 is be VBZ 20038 20044 likely likely JJ 20045 20047 to to TO 20048 20052 form form VB 20053 20061 feedback feedback NN 20062 20067 loops loop NNS 20068 20075 because because IN 20076 20079 the the DT 20080 20085 first first JJ 20086 20089 and and CC 20090 20095 third third JJ 20096 20104 antibody antibody NN 20105 20108 can can MD 20109 20114 often often RB 20115 20119 both both DT 20120 20124 bind bind VBP 20125 20127 to to TO 20128 20131 the the DT 20132 20136 same same JJ 20137 20141 site site NN 20142 20144 on on IN 20145 20148 the the DT 20149 20155 second second JJ 20156 20164 antibody antibody NN 20164 20165 , , , 20166 20171 hence hence RB 20171 20172 , , , 20173 20176 the the DT 20177 20182 first first JJ 20183 20186 and and CC 20187 20192 third third JJ 20193 20203 antibodies antibody NNS 20204 20207 are be VBP 20208 20215 similar similar JJ 20216 20222 shapes shape NNS 20223 20225 in in IN 20226 20231 shape shape NN 20232 20237 space space NN 20237 20238 . . . 20239 20241 It it PRP 20242 20244 is be VBZ 20245 20248 not not RB 20249 20253 much much JJ 20254 20256 of of IN 20257 20258 a a DT 20259 20266 stretch stretch NN 20267 20269 to to TO 20270 20275 think think VB 20276 20278 of of IN 20279 20282 the the DT 20283 20289 immune immune JJ 20290 20296 system system NN 20297 20299 as as IN 20300 20301 a a DT 20302 20313 conditioned condition VBN 20314 20322 stimulus stimulus NN 20323 20331 response response NN 20332 20338 system system NN 20338 20339 . . . 20340 20349 Popperian popperian JJ 20350 20359 creatures creature NNS 20359 20360 ? ? . 20361 20364 Why why WRB 20365 20371 cannot cannot MD 20372 20375 the the DT 20376 20393 molecular-sensing molecular-sensing JJ 20394 20397 and and CC 20398 20416 hypothesis-testing hypothesis-testing JJ 20417 20425 churning churn VBG 20426 20434 concerns concern NNS 20435 20437 of of IN 20438 20441 the the DT 20442 20451 bacterium bacterium NN 20452 20454 as as IN 20455 20457 it it PRP 20458 20464 senses sense VBZ 20465 20466 a a DT 20467 20477 paramecium paramecium NN 20478 20483 churn churn NN 20484 20490 twenty twenty CD 20491 20497 cycles cycle NNS 20498 20504 before before IN 20505 20512 kicking kick VBG 20513 20515 in in IN 20516 20519 the the DT 20520 20526 rotary rotary JJ 20527 20532 motor motor NN 20532 20533 , , , 20534 20536 or or CC 20537 20540 not not RB 20540 20541 , , , 20542 20546 such such JJ 20547 20551 that that IN 20552 20555 the the DT 20556 20559 wee wee NN 20560 20569 bacterium bacterium NN 20570 20575 hides hide NNS 20576 20581 under under IN 20582 20583 a a DT 20584 20591 boulder boulder NN 20592 20594 of of IN 20595 20596 a a DT 20597 20602 grain grain NN 20603 20605 of of IN 20606 20610 sand sand NN 20611 20616 until until IN 20617 20620 the the DT 20621 20626 beast beast NN 20627 20633 passes pass NNS 20634 20636 by by IN 20636 20637 ? ? . 20638 20641 Are be VBP 20642 20648 nerves nerve NNS 20649 20658 necessary necessary JJ 20658 20659 ? ? . 20660 20666 Plants plant NNS 20666 20667 , , , 20668 20670 as as IN 20671 20676 noted note VBN 20676 20677 , , , 20678 20681 are be VBP 20682 20686 said say VBN 20687 20689 to to TO 20690 20696 signal signal VB 20697 20700 one one NN 20701 20708 another another DT 20709 20713 with with IN 20714 20721 complex complex JJ 20722 20731 secondary secondary JJ 20732 20743 metabolites metabolite NNS 20744 20746 to to TO 20747 20759 characterize characterize VB 20760 20763 the the DT 20764 20774 particular particular JJ 20775 20780 kinds kind NNS 20781 20783 of of IN 20784 20791 insects insect NNS 20792 20801 infesting infest VBG 20802 20805 the the DT 20806 20811 glade glade NN 20811 20812 . . . 20813 20818 There there EX 20819 20822 are be VBP 20823 20832 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 20833 20843 structural structural JJ 20844 20853 relations relation NNS 20854 20861 between between IN 20862 20865 the the DT 20866 20876 metabolite metabolite NN 20877 20880 and and CC 20881 20884 the the DT 20885 20891 insect insect NN 20891 20892 , , , 20893 20897 just just RB 20898 20900 as as IN 20901 20908 symbols symbol NNS 20909 20911 in in IN 20912 20917 human human JJ 20918 20926 language language NN 20927 20930 are be VBP 20931 20936 often often RB 20937 20946 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 20947 20951 with with IN 20952 20959 respect respect NN 20960 20962 to to TO 20963 20966 the the DT 20967 20976 signified signify VBN 20976 20977 . . . 20978 20981 Not not RB 20982 20985 bad bad JJ 20986 20989 for for IN 20990 20999 nerveless nerveless JJ 21000 21014 nonvertebrates nonvertebrate NNS 21014 21015 . . . 21016 21017 I I PRP 21018 21020 do do VBP 21021 21024 get get VB 21025 21030 stuck stick VBN 21031 21033 at at IN 21034 21043 Gregorian gregorian JJ 21044 21053 creatures creature NNS 21053 21054 . . . 21055 21059 Even even RB 21060 21064 here here RB 21064 21065 , , , 21066 21069 the the DT 21070 21074 free free JJ 21075 21078 and and CC 21079 21083 open open JJ 21084 21092 creating creating NN 21093 21095 of of IN 21096 21099 new new JJ 21100 21106 symbol symbol NN 21107 21114 strings string NNS 21115 21117 in in IN 21118 21119 a a DT 21120 21128 language language NN 21128 21129 , , , 21130 21138 wherever wherever WRB 21139 21142 new new JJ 21143 21152 sentences sentence NNS 21153 21156 can can MD 21157 21159 be be VB 21160 21167 created create VBN 21167 21168 , , , 21169 21171 is be VBZ 21172 21175 not not RB 21176 21180 that that IN 21181 21194 fundamentally fundamentally RB 21195 21202 dierent dierent JJ 21203 21207 from from IN 21208 21211 the the DT 21212 21222 persistent persistent JJ 21223 21227 open open JJ 21228 21236 creation creation NN 21237 21239 of of IN 21240 21243 new new JJ 21244 21249 kinds kind NNS 21250 21252 of of IN 21253 21262 molecules molecule NNS 21263 21265 in in IN 21266 21269 the the DT 21270 21279 biosphere biosphere NN 21280 21282 as as IN 21283 21284 a a DT 21285 21290 whole whole NN 21290 21291 . . . 21292 21294 If if IN 21295 21298 the the DT 21299 21311 conversation conversation NN 21312 21314 we we PRP 21315 21321 recent recent JJ 21322 21332 two-legged two-legged JJ 21333 21337 ones one NNS 21338 21341 are be VBP 21342 21348 having have VBG 21349 21353 with with IN 21354 21361 respect respect NN 21362 21364 to to TO 21365 21368 our our PRP$ 21369 21376 digging dig VBG 21377 21383 sticks stick NNS 21384 21387 and and CC 21388 21394 atomic atomic JJ 21395 21400 bombs bomb NNS 21401 21403 is be VBZ 21404 21414 impressive impressive JJ 21414 21415 , , , 21416 21418 so so RB 21419 21422 too too RB 21423 21425 is be VBZ 21426 21429 the the DT 21430 21438 chemical chemical JJ 21439 21451 conversation conversation NN 21452 21454 in in IN 21455 21458 any any DT 21459 21471 full-fledged full-fledged JJ 21472 21481 ecosystem ecosystem NN 21481 21482 , , , 21483 21488 where where WRB 21489 21491 we we PRP 21492 21495 are be VBP 21496 21499 all all DT 21500 21512 instrumental instrumental JJ 21513 21515 in in IN 21516 21519 the the DT 21520 21525 lives life NNS 21526 21528 of of IN 21529 21532 one one CD 21533 21540 another another DT 21540 21541 . . . 21542 21543 I I PRP 21544 21551 suppose suppose VBP 21552 21553 I I PRP 21554 21556 am be VBP 21557 21564 naively naively RB 21565 21571 driven drive VBN 21572 21574 to to TO 21575 21583 consider consider VB 21584 21588 that that IN 21589 21592 the the DT 21593 21602 biosphere biosphere NN 21602 21603 , , , 21604 21608 with with IN 21609 21612 its its PRP$ 21613 21619 urgent urgent JJ 21620 21629 diversity diversity NN 21630 21632 in in IN 21633 21638 which which WDT 21638 21639 , , , 21640 21650 emboldened embolden VBN 21651 21653 by by IN 21654 21657 all all DT 21658 21661 our our PRP$ 21662 21670 know-how know-how NN 21670 21671 , , , 21672 21674 we we PRP 21675 21677 do do VBP 21678 21681 get get VB 21682 21684 on on RP 21685 21689 with with IN 21690 21691 a a DT 21692 21696 very very RB 21697 21701 rich rich JJ 21702 21714 conversation conversation NN 21714 21715 , , , 21716 21719 may may MD 21720 21724 very very RB 21725 21730 early early RB 21731 21738 already already RB 21739 21743 have have VBP 21744 21752 harbored harbor VBN 21753 21756 all all PDT 21757 21760 the the DT 21761 21767 levels level NNS 21768 21770 of of IN 21771 21776 which which WDT 21777 21784 Dennett Dennett NNP 21785 21791 speaks speak NNS 21791 21792 . . . 21793 21795 We we PRP 21796 21802 humans human NNS 21803 21806 are be VBP 21807 21811 just just RB 21812 21816 more more RBR 21817 21827 gregarious gregarious JJ 21828 21832 with with IN 21833 21836 our our PRP$ 21837 21842 vocal vocal JJ 21843 21848 cords cord NNS 21849 21852 and and CC 21853 21859 e-mail e-mail NN 21859 21860 , , , 21861 21862 I I PRP 21863 21868 guess guess VBP 21868 21869 . . . 21870 21875 Smart Smart NNP 21876 21881 place place NN 21881 21882 , , , 21883 21884 a a DT 21885 21894 biosphere biosphere NN 21894 21895 , , , 21896 21900 lots lot NNS 21901 21903 to to TO 21904 21908 talk talk VB 21909 21914 about about IN 21914 21915 . . . 21916 21920 Four four CD 21921 21928 billion billion CD 21929 21934 years year NNS 21935 21937 of of IN 21938 21947 yammering yammer VBG 21947 21948 . . . 21949 21958 Slapstick slapstick JJ 21959 21965 comedy comedy NN 21966 21969 may may MD 21970 21974 have have VB 21975 21982 started start VBN 21983 21984 a a DT 21985 21989 long long JJ 21990 21994 time time NN 21995 21998 ago ago IN 21998 21999 . . . 22000 22006 Ethics Ethic NNP 22007 22010 And and CC 22011 22015 what what WP 22016 22018 of of IN 22019 22025 ethics ethic NNS 22025 22026 ? ? . 22027 22031 Does do VBZ 22032 22033 a a DT 22034 22037 whi whi NN 22038 22040 of of IN 22041 22048 ethical ethical JJ 22049 22054 issue issue NN 22055 22060 arise arise VBP 22061 22065 with with IN 22066 22076 autonomous autonomous JJ 22077 22083 agents agent NNS 22083 22084 ? ? . 22085 22089 Yuck Yuck NNP 22090 22092 or or CC 22093 22096 yum yum NN 22097 22101 from from IN 22102 22104 my my PRP$ 22105 22110 point point NN 22111 22113 of of IN 22114 22118 view view NN 22119 22121 if if IN 22122 22123 I I PRP 22124 22126 am be VBP 22127 22129 an an DT 22130 22140 autonomous autonomous JJ 22141 22146 agent agent NN 22146 22147 . . . 22148 22153 There there EX 22154 22157 are be VBP 22158 22162 deep deep JJ 22163 22170 reasons reason NNS 22171 22174 for for IN 22175 22182 caution caution NN 22182 22183 . . . 22184 22188 Hume Hume NNP 22189 22193 told tell VBD 22194 22196 us us PRP 22197 22201 long long RB 22202 22205 ago ago RB 22206 22211 about about IN 22212 22215 the the DT 22217 22219 “ `` `` 22219 22231 naturalistic naturalistic JJ 22232 22239 fallacy fallacy NN 22239 22241 ” '' '' 22242 22243 : : : 22244 22247 One one CD 22248 22254 cannot cannot MD 22255 22261 deduce deduce VB 22263 22265 “ `` `` 22265 22270 ought ought MD 22270 22272 ” '' '' 22274 22278 from from IN 22280 22282 “ `` `` 22282 22284 is be VBZ 22284 22285 . . . 22285 22287 ” '' '' 22289 22293 From from IN 22294 22297 the the DT 22298 22302 fact fact NN 22303 22307 that that IN 22308 22315 mothers mother NNS 22316 22320 care care VBP 22321 22324 for for IN 22325 22330 their their PRP$ 22331 22336 young young JJ 22336 22337 , , , 22338 22340 we we PRP 22341 22347 cannot cannot MD 22348 22354 deduce deduce VB 22355 22359 that that IN 22360 22364 they they PRP 22365 22370 ought ought MD 22371 22373 to to TO 22374 22376 do do VB 22377 22379 so so RB 22379 22380 , , , 22381 22385 Hume Hume NNP 22386 22392 argued argue VBD 22392 22393 . . . 22394 22398 From from IN 22399 22402 the the DT 22403 22407 fact fact NN 22408 22412 that that IN 22413 22419 Hitler Hitler NNP 22420 22423 set set VBD 22424 22427 out out RP 22428 22430 to to TO 22431 22438 conquer conquer VB 22439 22445 Europe Europe NNP 22446 22449 and and CC 22450 22454 more more JJR 22455 22458 and and CC 22459 22461 to to TO 22462 22466 kill kill VB 22467 22472 Jewry Jewry NNP 22472 22473 , , , 22474 22476 we we PRP 22477 22483 cannot cannot MD 22484 22490 deduce deduce VB 22491 22495 that that IN 22496 22498 he he PRP 22499 22504 ought ought MD 22505 22507 to to TO 22508 22512 have have VB 22513 22517 done do VBN 22518 22520 so so RB 22520 22521 . . . 22522 22528 Indeed indeed RB 22528 22529 , , , 22530 22534 Hume Hume NNP 22534 22535 ’ ' POS 22536 22537 s s JJ 22538 22548 injunction injunction NN 22549 22558 underlies underlie VBZ 22559 22562 the the DT 22563 22570 caution caution NN 22571 22573 of of IN 22574 22584 scientists scientist NNS 22585 22590 about about IN 22591 22597 making make VBG 22598 22605 ethical ethical JJ 22606 22616 statements statement NNS 22616 22617 . . . 22618 22620 We we PRP 22621 22631 scientists scientist NNS 22632 22636 find find VBP 22637 22640 the the DT 22641 22646 facts fact NNS 22646 22647 . . . 22648 22651 You you PRP 22652 22660 citizens citizen VBZ 22661 22667 across across IN 22668 22671 the the DT 22672 22677 globe globe NN 22678 22681 can can MD 22682 22687 argue argue VB 22688 22691 the the DT 22692 22698 ethics ethic NNS 22698 22699 . . . 22700 22703 But but CC 22704 22706 if if IN 22707 22711 Hume Hume NNP 22712 22717 warns warn VBZ 22718 22720 us us PRP 22721 22724 not not RB 22725 22727 to to TO 22728 22734 deduce deduce VB 22735 22740 ought ought MD 22741 22745 from from IN 22746 22748 is be VBZ 22748 22749 , , , 22750 22755 where where WRB 22756 22758 do do VBP 22759 22765 values value NNS 22766 22770 come come VBP 22771 22775 from from IN 22776 22778 at at IN 22779 22782 all all DT 22782 22783 ? ? . 22784 22788 Hume Hume NNP 22788 22789 ’ ' POS 22790 22791 s s JJ 22792 22802 injunction injunction NN 22803 22810 against against IN 22811 22820 deduction deduction NN 22821 22825 from from IN 22826 22828 is be VBZ 22829 22831 to to TO 22832 22837 ought ought MD 22838 22850 nevertheless nevertheless RB 22851 22856 began began VB 22857 22859 by by IN 22860 22871 recognizing recognize VBG 22872 22875 the the DT 22876 22886 legitimacy legitimacy NN 22887 22889 of of IN 22890 22893 the the DT 22894 22902 category category NN 22904 22906 “ `` `` 22906 22911 ought ought MD 22911 22912 . . . 22912 22914 ” '' '' 22916 22919 The the DT 22920 22925 eorts eort NNS 22926 22935 following follow VBG 22936 22940 Hume Hume NNP 22941 22943 to to TO 22944 22954 understand understand VB 22955 22958 the the DT 22959 22966 meaning meaning NN 22967 22969 of of IN 22970 22977 ethical ethical JJ 22978 22988 assertions assertion NNS 22989 22993 have have VBP 22994 22998 been be VBN 22999 23003 long long JJ 23003 23004 , , , 23005 23012 twisted twisted JJ 23012 23013 , , , 23014 23021 arduous arduous JJ 23021 23022 . . . 23023 23032 Following follow VBG 23033 23036 the the DT 23037 23045 dictates dictate NNS 23046 23048 of of IN 23049 23052 the the DT 23053 23060 logical logical JJ 23061 23072 positivists positivist NNS 23073 23075 of of IN 23076 23079 the the DT 23080 23086 Vienna Vienna NNP 23087 23093 Circle Circle NNP 23094 23098 that that IN 23099 23103 only only RB 23104 23109 those those DT 23110 23120 statements statement NNS 23121 23128 capable capable JJ 23129 23131 of of IN 23132 23144 verification verification NN 23145 23149 were be VBD 23150 23160 meaningful meaningful JJ 23160 23161 , , , 23162 23174 philosophers philosopher NNS 23175 23177 as as RB 23178 23184 famous famous JJ 23185 23187 as as IN 23188 23190 G. G. NNP 23191 23193 E. E. NNP 23194 23199 Moore Moore NNP 23200 23204 came come VBD 23205 23207 to to TO 23208 23214 wonder wonder VB 23215 23217 if if IN 23218 23225 ethical ethical JJ 23226 23236 assertions assertion NNS 23237 23241 were be VBD 23242 23248 merely merely RB 23249 23256 emotive emotive JJ 23257 23267 utterances utterance NNS 23267 23268 . . . 23270 23272 “ `` `` 23272 23274 It it PRP 23275 23277 is be VBZ 23278 23283 wrong wrong JJ 23284 23286 to to TO 23287 23291 kill kill VB 23291 23292 . . . 23292 23294 ” '' '' 23296 23303 Becomes become VBZ 23303 23304 , , , 23306 23308 “ `` `` 23308 23314 Agggah agggah UH 23314 23315 ! ! . 23315 23317 ” '' '' 23319 23323 Does do VBZ 23324 23327 the the DT 23328 23338 positivist positivist JJ 23339 23347 argument argument NN 23348 23352 seem seem VBP 23353 23363 persuasive persuasive JJ 23363 23364 ? ? . 23365 23367 It it PRP 23368 23371 has have VBZ 23372 23378 always always RB 23379 23385 amused amuse VBN 23386 23388 me me PRP 23389 23393 that that IN 23394 23397 the the DT 23398 23402 core core NN 23403 23413 injunction injunction NN 23414 23416 of of IN 23417 23420 the the DT 23421 23428 logical logical JJ 23429 23440 positivists positivist NNS 23440 23441 , , , 23443 23445 “ `` `` 23445 23449 only only RB 23450 23455 those those DT 23456 23466 statements statement NNS 23467 23471 that that WDT 23472 23475 are be VBP 23476 23487 empirically empirically RB 23488 23498 verifiable verifiable JJ 23499 23502 are be VBP 23503 23513 meaningful meaningful JJ 23513 23514 , , , 23514 23516 ” '' '' 23518 23520 is be VBZ 23521 23527 itself itself PRP 23528 23531 not not RB 23532 23543 empirically empirically RB 23544 23554 verifiable verifiable JJ 23554 23555 . . . 23556 23559 One one CD 23560 23562 is be VBZ 23563 23571 reminded remind VBN 23572 23574 of of IN 23575 23584 something something NN 23585 23590 about about IN 23591 23599 hoisting hoist VBG 23600 23603 and and CC 23604 23611 petards petard NNS 23611 23612 . . . 23614 23618 John John NNP 23619 23624 Rawls Rawls NNP 23625 23627 of of IN 23628 23635 Harvard Harvard NNP 23636 23639 has have VBZ 23640 23646 argued argue VBN 23647 23657 eloquently eloquently RB 23658 23662 that that IN 23663 23666 our our PRP$ 23667 23672 human human JJ 23673 23680 notions notion NNS 23681 23683 of of IN 23684 23692 fairness fairness NN 23693 23699 derive derive VBP 23700 23704 from from IN 23705 23709 what what WP 23710 23712 we we PRP 23713 23718 would would MD 23719 23722 all all DT 23724 23726 “ `` `` 23726 23739 contractually contractually RB 23739 23741 ” '' '' 23743 23748 agree agree VB 23749 23751 to to TO 23751 23752 , , , 23753 23757 were be VBD 23758 23760 we we PRP 23761 23763 to to TO 23764 23768 know know VB 23769 23775 before before IN 23776 23781 birth birth NN 23782 23786 that that IN 23787 23789 we we PRP 23790 23795 would would MD 23796 23799 all all DT 23800 23802 be be VB 23803 23807 born bear VBN 23808 23812 with with IN 23813 23820 diering diere VBG 23821 23830 abilities ability NNS 23831 23834 and and CC 23835 23845 endowments endowment NNS 23845 23846 . . . 23847 23851 Thus thus RB 23853 23855 “ `` `` 23855 23863 equality equality NN 23864 23870 before before IN 23871 23874 the the DT 23875 23878 law law NN 23878 23880 ” '' '' 23882 23884 is be VBZ 23885 23888 one one CD 23889 23897 contract contract NN 23898 23902 that that WDT 23903 23908 Rawls rawl VBZ 23909 23917 commends commend NNS 23918 23920 to to TO 23921 23923 us us PRP 23923 23924 . . . 23926 23928 “ `` `` 23928 23936 Equality equality NN 23937 23943 before before IN 23944 23947 the the DT 23948 23951 law law NN 23951 23953 ” '' '' 23955 23957 is be VBZ 23958 23961 far far RB 23962 23966 more more RBR 23967 23974 refined refined JJ 23975 23979 than than IN 23980 23983 the the DT 23984 23988 yuck yuck NN 23989 23991 or or CC 23992 23995 yum yum NN 23996 23998 of of IN 23999 24002 the the DT 24003 24012 bacterium bacterium NN 24012 24013 . . . 24014 24017 The the DT 24018 24027 emergence emergence NN 24028 24030 of of IN 24031 24037 ethics ethic NNS 24038 24040 in in IN 24041 24044 the the DT 24045 24054 evolution evolution NN 24055 24057 of of IN 24058 24062 life life NN 24063 24065 on on IN 24066 24070 this this DT 24071 24077 planet planet NN 24078 24080 is be VBZ 24081 24082 a a DT 24083 24094 fascinating fascinating JJ 24095 24100 issue issue NN 24100 24101 . . . 24102 24103 I I PRP 24104 24108 will will MD 24109 24116 content content VB 24117 24123 myself myself PRP 24124 24128 with with IN 24129 24138 wondering wonder VBG 24139 24144 where where WRB 24146 24148 “ `` `` 24148 24153 value value NN 24153 24155 ” '' '' 24157 24160 and and CC 24161 24164 the the DT 24165 24174 rudiments rudiment NNS 24175 24177 of of IN 24179 24181 “ `` `` 24181 24195 intentionality intentionality NN 24195 24197 ” '' '' 24199 24203 come come VBN 24204 24208 from from IN 24209 24211 in in IN 24212 24215 the the DT 24216 24224 physical physical JJ 24225 24233 universe universe NN 24234 24236 in in IN 24237 24240 the the DT 24241 24246 first first JJ 24247 24252 place place NN 24253 24256 and and CC 24257 24262 leave leave VBP 24263 24269 social social JJ 24270 24279 contracts contract NNS 24280 24283 for for IN 24284 24289 other other JJ 24290 24295 eorts eort NNS 24295 24296 . . . 24297 24302 Where where WRB 24303 24305 is be VBZ 24306 24309 the the DT 24310 24315 place place NN 24316 24318 of of IN 24319 24324 value value NN 24325 24327 in in IN 24328 24329 a a DT 24330 24335 world world NN 24336 24338 of of IN 24339 24343 fact fact NN 24343 24344 ? ? . 24346 24348 So so RB 24348 24349 , , , 24350 24351 a a DT 24352 24357 short short JJ 24358 24367 soliloquy soliloquy NN 24367 24368 . . . 24369 24374 Facts fact NNS 24375 24378 are be VBP 24379 24388 know-that know-that JJ 24389 24399 statements statement NNS 24399 24400 . . . 24401 24404 But but CC 24405 24413 know-how know-how JJ 24414 24422 preceded precede VBN 24423 24427 know know VBP 24428 24432 that that DT 24432 24433 . . . 24434 24439 While while IN 24440 24445 fully fully RB 24446 24451 aware aware JJ 24452 24454 of of IN 24455 24459 Hume Hume NNP 24459 24460 ’ ' POS 24461 24462 s s NN 24463 24473 injunction injunction NN 24473 24474 , , , 24475 24476 I I PRP 24477 24482 think think VBP 24483 24487 that that IN 24488 24492 from from IN 24493 24496 the the DT 24497 24507 autonomous autonomous JJ 24508 24513 agent agent NN 24513 24514 ’ ' POS 24515 24516 s s NN 24517 24528 perspective perspective NN 24528 24529 , , , 24530 24534 yuck yuck NN 24535 24537 or or CC 24538 24541 yum yum NN 24542 24544 is be VBZ 24545 24552 primary primary JJ 24552 24553 , , , 24554 24565 unavoidable unavoidable JJ 24565 24566 , , , 24567 24570 and and CC 24571 24573 of of IN 24574 24577 the the DT 24578 24585 deepest deep JJS 24586 24596 importance importance NN 24597 24599 to to TO 24600 24604 that that DT 24605 24610 agent agent NN 24610 24611 . . . 24612 24613 I I PRP 24614 24621 suppose suppose VBP 24622 24624 we we PRP 24625 24630 apply apply VB 24631 24634 the the DT 24635 24644 Darwinian darwinian JJ 24645 24653 criteria criterion NNS 24653 24654 . . . 24655 24658 Too too RB 24659 24663 much much JJ 24664 24668 yuck yuck NN 24668 24669 , , , 24670 24674 this this DT 24675 24678 one one CD 24679 24682 and and CC 24683 24686 its its PRP$ 24687 24694 progeny progeny NN 24695 24698 are be VBP 24699 24703 gone go VBN 24704 24708 from from IN 24709 24712 the the DT 24713 24719 future future NN 24720 24722 of of IN 24723 24726 the the DT 24727 24736 biosphere biosphere NN 24736 24737 . . . 24738 24745 Without without IN 24746 24757 attributing attribute VBG 24758 24771 consciousness consciousness NN 24772 24774 to to TO 24775 24777 an an DT 24778 24780 E. e. FW 24781 24785 coli coli FW 24785 24786 , , , 24787 24789 or or CC 24790 24792 an an DT 24793 24803 autonomous autonomous JJ 24804 24809 agent agent NN 24810 24812 we we PRP 24813 24816 may may MD 24817 24823 create create VB 24824 24826 in in IN 24827 24830 the the DT 24831 24835 near near JJ 24836 24842 future future NN 24842 24843 , , , 24844 24845 I I PRP 24846 24852 cannot cannot MD 24853 24857 help help VB 24858 24861 but but CC 24862 24866 feel feel VB 24867 24871 that that IN 24872 24875 the the DT 24876 24885 rudiments rudiment NNS 24886 24888 of of IN 24889 24894 value value NN 24895 24898 are be VBP 24899 24906 present present JJ 24907 24911 once once IN 24912 24922 autonomous autonomous JJ 24923 24929 agents agent NNS 24930 24933 are be VBP 24934 24940 around around RP 24940 24941 . . . 24942 24945 And and CC 24946 24951 again again RB 24952 24959 without without IN 24960 24971 attributing attribute VBG 24972 24985 consciousness consciousness NN 24985 24986 , , , 24987 24991 once once RB 24992 24994 an an DT 24995 25005 autonomous autonomous JJ 25006 25011 agent agent NN 25012 25014 is be VBZ 25015 25021 around around RB 25022 25024 is be VBZ 25025 25028 the the DT 25029 25037 rudiment rudiment NN 25038 25040 of of IN 25041 25055 intentionality intentionality NN 25056 25063 present present JJ 25063 25064 ? ? . 25065 25067 If if IN 25068 25070 so so RB 25070 25071 , , , 25072 25079 another another DT 25080 25091 cornerstone cornerstone NN 25092 25094 of of IN 25095 25102 ethical ethical JJ 25103 25111 activity activity NN 25112 25115 has have VBZ 25116 25120 been be VBN 25121 25125 laid lay VBN 25125 25126 . . . 25127 25134 Ethical ethical JJ 25135 25143 behavior behavior NN 25144 25152 requires require VBZ 25153 25158 first first RB 25159 25162 the the DT 25163 25170 logical logical JJ 25171 25182 possibility possibility NN 25183 25185 of of IN 25186 25194 behavior behavior NN 25195 25198 for for IN 25199 25204 which which WDT 25205 25208 one one CD 25209 25211 is be VBZ 25212 25223 responsible responsible JJ 25223 25224 . . . 25225 25228 You you PRP 25229 25232 are be VBP 25233 25236 not not RB 25237 25248 responsible responsible JJ 25249 25252 for for IN 25253 25257 acts act NNS 25258 25261 and and CC 25262 25267 eects eect NNS 25268 25274 beyond beyond IN 25275 25279 your your PRP$ 25280 25287 control control NN 25287 25288 . . . 25289 25291 To to TO 25292 25295 act act VB 25296 25305 ethically ethically RB 25305 25306 , , , 25307 25310 you you PRP 25311 25315 must must MD 25316 25321 first first RB 25322 25324 be be VB 25325 25329 able able JJ 25330 25332 to to TO 25333 25336 act act VB 25337 25339 at at IN 25340 25343 all all DT 25343 25344 . . . 25345 25348 But but CC 25349 25353 what what WP 25354 25357 are be VBP 25359 25361 “ `` `` 25361 25365 acts act NNS 25365 25367 ” '' '' 25369 25371 in in IN 25372 25375 the the DT 25376 25381 first first JJ 25382 25387 place place NN 25387 25388 ? ? . 25389 25395 Daniel Daniel NNP 25396 25402 Yamins Yamins NNP 25403 25405 is be VBZ 25406 25407 a a DT 25408 25417 brilliant brilliant JJ 25418 25423 young young JJ 25424 25437 mathematician mathematician NN 25437 25438 . . . 25439 25442 Now now RB 25443 25451 entering enter VBG 25452 25459 Harvard Harvard NNP 25459 25460 , , , 25461 25464 Dan Dan NNP 25465 25470 spent spend VBD 25471 25472 a a DT 25473 25479 summer summer NN 25480 25484 with with IN 25485 25487 me me PRP 25488 25490 at at IN 25491 25494 the the DT 25495 25500 Santa Santa NNP 25501 25503 Fe Fe NNP 25504 25513 Institute Institute NNP 25514 25520 before before IN 25521 25523 he he PRP 25524 25531 learned learn VBD 25532 25534 to to TO 25535 25540 drive drive VB 25540 25541 , , , 25542 25547 after after IN 25548 25550 an an DT 25551 25558 earlier early JJR 25559 25565 summer summer NN 25566 25571 spent spend VBN 25572 25574 in in IN 25575 25578 the the DT 25579 25589 laboratory laboratory NN 25590 25592 of of IN 25593 25597 Jack Jack NNP 25598 25605 Szostak Szostak NNP 25606 25608 at at IN 25609 25616 Harvard Harvard NNP 25616 25617 , , , 25618 25623 where where WRB 25623 25624 , , , 25625 25627 at at IN 25628 25631 age age NN 25632 25640 fourteen fourteen CD 25640 25641 , , , 25642 25645 Dan Dan NNP 25646 25649 was be VBD 25650 25658 learning learn VBG 25659 25661 to to TO 25662 25668 evolve evolve VB 25669 25672 RNA RNA NNP 25673 25682 molecules molecule NNS 25683 25685 to to TO 25686 25690 bind bind VB 25691 25700 arbitrary arbitrary JJ 25701 25708 ligands ligand NNS 25708 25709 . . . 25710 25713 Dan Dan NNP 25714 25717 and and CC 25718 25719 I I PRP 25720 25729 struggled struggle VBD 25730 25734 that that IN 25735 25741 summer summer NN 25742 25744 to to TO 25745 25749 make make VB 25750 25753 the the DT 25754 25765 distinction distinction NN 25766 25773 between between IN 25774 25777 the the DT 25779 25781 “ `` `` 25781 25787 doings doing NNS 25787 25789 ” '' '' 25791 25793 of of IN 25794 25796 an an DT 25797 25807 autonomous autonomous JJ 25808 25813 agent agent NN 25814 25817 and and CC 25818 25822 mere mere JJ 25823 25833 happenings happening NNS 25834 25836 in in IN 25837 25840 and and CC 25841 25847 around around IN 25848 25851 the the DT 25852 25862 autonomous autonomous JJ 25863 25868 agent agent NN 25868 25869 . . . 25870 25874 Note note VB 25875 25877 we we PRP 25878 25881 say say VBP 25882 25885 the the DT 25886 25888 E. e. FW 25889 25893 coli coli FW 25894 25896 is be VBZ 25897 25905 swimming swim VBG 25906 25914 upstream upstream RB 25915 25917 in in IN 25918 25921 the the DT 25922 25929 glucose glucose NN 25930 25938 gradient gradient NN 25939 25941 to to TO 25942 25945 get get VB 25946 25952 dinner dinner NN 25952 25953 . . . 25954 25957 But but CC 25958 25961 all all DT 25962 25967 sorts sort NNS 25968 25970 of of IN 25971 25980 molecular molecular JJ 25981 25992 vibrational vibrational JJ 25992 25993 , , , 25994 26004 rotational rotational JJ 26004 26005 , , , 26006 26009 and and CC 26010 26023 translational translational JJ 26024 26031 motions motion NNS 26032 26035 are be VBP 26036 26045 occurring occur VBG 26045 26046 . . . 26047 26051 What what WP 26052 26055 are be VBP 26056 26063 actions action NNS 26064 26067 and and CC 26068 26072 what what WP 26073 26076 are be VBP 26077 26081 mere mere JJ 26082 26092 happenings happening NNS 26092 26093 ? ? . 26094 26095 I I PRP 26096 26098 do do VBP 26099 26102 not not RB 26103 26108 think think VB 26109 26111 we we PRP 26112 26116 were be VBD 26117 26127 successful successful JJ 26128 26130 in in IN 26131 26138 drawing draw VBG 26139 26140 a a DT 26141 26146 clean clean JJ 26147 26158 distinction distinction NN 26159 26166 between between IN 26167 26173 doings doing NNS 26174 26177 and and CC 26178 26188 happenings happening NNS 26189 26193 with with IN 26194 26199 clear clear JJ 26200 26211 mathematics mathematic NNS 26211 26212 . . . 26213 26216 But but CC 26217 26218 I I PRP 26219 26224 sense sense VBP 26225 26229 that that IN 26230 26233 the the DT 26234 26245 distinction distinction NN 26246 26253 between between IN 26254 26260 doings doing NNS 26261 26264 and and CC 26265 26275 happenings happening NNS 26275 26276 , , , 26277 26280 Dan Dan NNP 26280 26281 ’ ' POS 26282 26283 s s JJ 26284 26289 happy happy JJ 26290 26298 phrasing phrasing NN 26298 26299 , , , 26300 26302 is be VBZ 26303 26311 relevant relevant JJ 26312 26315 for for IN 26316 26318 E. e. FW 26319 26323 coli coli FW 26323 26324 , , , 26325 26331 tigers tiger NNS 26331 26332 , , , 26333 26335 us us PRP 26335 26336 , , , 26337 26342 trees tree NNS 26342 26343 , , , 26344 26347 and and CC 26348 26358 autonomous autonomous JJ 26359 26365 agents agent NNS 26366 26368 in in IN 26369 26376 general general JJ 26376 26377 . . . 26378 26380 We we PRP 26381 26385 will will MD 26386 26390 meet meet VB 26391 26392 a a DT 26393 26400 similar similar JJ 26401 26408 problem problem NN 26409 26411 in in IN 26412 26415 the the DT 26416 26420 next next JJ 26421 26428 chapter chapter NN 26429 26433 when when WRB 26434 26436 we we PRP 26437 26444 attempt attempt VBP 26445 26447 to to TO 26448 26459 distinguish distinguish VB 26460 26467 between between IN 26468 26471 the the DT 26472 26480 function function NN 26481 26483 of of IN 26484 26485 a a DT 26486 26490 part part NN 26491 26493 of of IN 26494 26496 an an DT 26497 26505 organism organism NN 26506 26509 and and CC 26510 26513 the the DT 26514 26519 other other JJ 26520 26526 causal causal JJ 26527 26539 consequences consequence NNS 26540 26542 of of IN 26543 26547 that that DT 26548 26552 part part NN 26553 26555 of of IN 26556 26559 the the DT 26560 26568 organism organism NN 26568 26569 . . . 26570 26577 Strange strange JJ 26578 26581 and and CC 26582 26593 interesting interesting JJ 26593 26594 , , , 26595 26597 is be VBZ 26598 26600 it it PRP 26601 26604 not not RB 26604 26605 , , , 26606 26610 that that IN 26611 26616 these these DT 26617 26623 issues issue NNS 26624 26627 all all DT 26628 26632 seem seem VBP 26633 26635 to to TO 26636 26641 arise arise VB 26642 26646 with with IN 26647 26657 autonomous autonomous JJ 26658 26664 agents agent NNS 26665 26668 but but CC 26669 26672 not not RB 26673 26682 otherwise otherwise RB 26682 26683 ? ? . 26684 26691 Granted grant VBN 26692 26696 that that IN 26697 26699 we we PRP 26700 26704 here here RB 26705 26709 seem seem VBP 26710 26712 to to TO 26713 26721 confront confront VB 26722 26725 the the DT 26726 26734 language language NN 26735 26739 game game NN 26740 26751 circularity circularity NN 26752 26759 alluded allude VBD 26760 26762 to to TO 26763 26770 earlier earlier RBR 26770 26771 , , , 26772 26775 yet yet RB 26776 26777 I I PRP 26778 26780 do do VBP 26781 26786 truly truly RB 26787 26792 think think VB 26793 26797 that that IN 26798 26801 the the DT 26802 26811 rudiments rudiment NNS 26812 26814 of of IN 26815 26824 semantics semantic NNS 26824 26825 , , , 26826 26840 intentionality intentionality NN 26840 26841 , , , 26842 26847 value value NN 26847 26848 , , , 26849 26852 and and CC 26853 26859 ethics ethic NNS 26860 26865 arise arise VBP 26866 26870 with with IN 26871 26881 autonomous autonomous JJ 26882 26888 agents agent NNS 26888 26889 . . . 26890 26891 I I PRP 26892 26894 do do VBP 26895 26898 not not RB 26899 26904 think think VB 26905 26910 those those DT 26911 26920 rudiments rudiment NNS 26921 26925 suce suce VBP 26926 26928 to to TO 26929 26933 jump jump VB 26934 26938 over over IN 26939 26943 Hume Hume NNP 26943 26944 ’ ' POS 26945 26946 s s JJ 26947 26959 naturalistic naturalistic JJ 26960 26967 fallacy fallacy NN 26967 26968 . . . 26969 26971 We we PRP 26972 26978 cannot cannot MD 26979 26985 deduce deduce VB 26986 26991 ought ought MD 26992 26996 from from IN 26997 26999 is be VBZ 27000 27002 in in IN 27003 27006 any any DT 27007 27015 concrete concrete JJ 27016 27023 context context NN 27023 27024 , , , 27025 27028 but but CC 27029 27030 I I PRP 27031 27036 think think VBP 27037 27039 we we PRP 27040 27044 have have VBP 27045 27048 the the DT 27049 27059 categories category NNS 27060 27062 of of IN 27063 27068 ought ought NN 27069 27072 and and CC 27073 27075 is be VBZ 27076 27078 in in IN 27079 27082 the the DT 27083 27091 physical physical JJ 27092 27100 universe universe NN 27101 27105 once once IN 27106 27108 we we PRP 27109 27113 have have VBP 27114 27124 autonomous autonomous JJ 27125 27131 agents agent NNS 27131 27132 . . .