;;; -*- Mode: tdl; Coding: utf-8; -*- ;;; ;;; Copyright (c) 1994-2006 ;;; Dan Flickinger, Rob Malouf, Emily M. Bender ;;; see erg/licence.txt for conditions ;;; ;;; fundamentals.tdl ;;; ;;; Basic definitions of types for English grammar ;;; ;;; Rob Malouf, 3-Nov-1994 ;;; ;;; $Id: fundamentals.tdl,v 1.3 2008/01/29 18:41:10 oe Exp $ ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Types for Sign, Word, Phrase, and Lex-Entry sign_min := *avm* & [ SYNSEM synsem_min, KEY-ARG bool ]. ;; GENRE used to control variations in grammaticality, e.g. for edited ;; vs informal text, but subsuming earlier boolean ROBUST feature so we ;; can accommodate some ill-formed input such as missing det for sg-noun. ;; IDIOM marks whether sign contains an idiomatic element. ;; --SIND is re-entrant with HOOK.INDEX, to help modularize path specs, ;; and to delay expansion of subcategorizations until necessary. sign := sign_min & [ SYNSEM synsem & [ LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD.MINORS.MIN #min, CONT.HOOK.INDEX #index ], --MIN #min, --SIND #index ], ARGS *list*, INFLECTD bool, GENRE genre, DIALECT dialect, IDIOM bool, STEM *list* ]. phrase_or_lexrule := sign & [ SYNSEM canonical_synsem & [ LOCAL.CONT.HOOK #hook, PHON.ONSET #onset ], C-CONT mrs_min & [ HOOK #hook ], ARGS.FIRST.SYNSEM.PHON.ONSET #onset, RNAME string ]. word_or_lexrule_min := sign_min. ; ALTS allow lexical entries to block lexical rule application word_or_lexrule := word_or_lexrule_min & sign & [ ALTS alts_min ]. word := word_or_lexrule & [ SYNSEM.PUNCT.PNCTPR ppair, TOKEN tok_min ]. ; Not all phrases have SYNSEM phr_synsem, since we need to allow the head-comp ; rules to build signs which are still [ SYNSEM lex_synsem ], for constructions ; like "twenty-two" and "five fifteen p.m.". So most phrases will assign the ; type phr_synsem to the value of SYNSEM, but not all. ; DPF 02-Sept-00 - Removed [ HC-LEX - ] because it blocks conjoined lexical ; somethings. phrase := phrase_or_lexrule & [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.ARG-S < > ]. ; DPF (09-Jan-99) - Added boolean LEX feature to be used for determining the ; head-complement type of the projections of lexical heads - most produce ; phrases, but see discussion of HC-LEX feature below. synsem_min := *avm*. synsem_min0 := synsem_min & [ LOCAL mod_local, NONLOC non-local_min ]. synsem_min1 := synsem_min0 & [ OPT bool, --MIN predsort, --SIND *top* ]. synsem_min2 := synsem_min1 & [ LEX luk, MODIFD xmod_min, PHON phon_min, PUNCT punctuation_min ]. lex_or_phrase :< synsem_min2. synsem := synsem_min2. expressed_synsem :< synsem. canonical_synsem := expressed_synsem. canonical_lex_or_phrase_synsem := canonical_synsem & lex_or_phrase. ; Type which enables exclusion of phrases like n-n compounds which are built ; by rule but have similar distribution to lexical signs. lex_or_nonlex_synsem := canonical_lex_or_phrase_synsem. ; To distinguish syntactically constructed constituents marked LEX + from ; simple lexical entries - used e.g. to avoid making nominal gerund NPs ; directly from lexical gerunds, to avoid spurious ambiguity for ; 'Singing is fun' given that there is already a verbal gerund 'singing'. nonlex_synsem := lex_or_nonlex_synsem. phr_synsem := nonlex_synsem & [ LEX - ]. ; LKEYS provide shortcuts to relations in RELS or a lex-entry's complements abstr_lex_synsem := canonical_lex_or_phrase_synsem & [ LKEYS lexkeys ]. basic_lex_synsem := abstr_lex_synsem & lex_or_nonlex_synsem. lex_synsem := basic_lex_synsem & [ LEX + ]. ; For signs that are constructed by syntactic rule but have similar ; (though not identical) distribution to lexical items - e.g. n_n_cmpnds. lex_phr_synsem := abstr_lex_synsem & [ LEX + ]. ; For signs that have combined with a punctuation mark, and hence are no ; longer eligible to undergo derivational rules, to avoid spurious ambiguity. lex_punct_synsem := basic_lex_synsem. ; DPF 29-Nov-02 - Removed [INDEX non_expl] to allow "There was known to be a ; problem" where pred "was" requires complement to be SUBJ *olist*. non_canonical := synsem. expressed_non_canonical := non_canonical & expressed_synsem. gap := expressed_non_canonical & [ LOCAL #local, NONLOC [ REL 0-dlist, QUE 0-dlist, SLASH 1-dlist & [ LIST < #local > ] ] ]. unexpressed_min := synsem_min0. unexpressed := unexpressed_min & synsem_min2 & [ NONLOC [ SLASH 0-dlist, REL 0-dlist, QUE 0-dlist ] ]. unexpressed_reg := unexpressed & non_canonical. ; DPF 28-Aug-99 - Removed OPT + from anti_synsem since it blocked ; "you can have anything you want" anti_synsem_min :< unexpressed_min. anti_synsem := anti_synsem_min & unexpressed. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; CAT type ;; The feature MC has three possible values: +, -, and na. Non-clauses are ;; always MC na, since they can't really be said to be root or non-root. ;; All clauses are MC bool, and if they have a restricted distribution then ;; they are MC + or MC -. local_basic := local_min & [ CONJ conj_min ]. local := local_basic & [ CTXT ctxt_min, ARG-S *list* ]. non-local := non-local_min & [ SLASH 0-1-dlist, QUE *diff-list*, REL 0-1-dlist ]. non-local_norel := non-local & [ QUE 0-dlist, REL 0-dlist ]. non-local_none := non-local_norel & [ SLASH 0-dlist ]. ;; For unrealized extracted adjuncts needed in relative clauses, as in ;; "the day he arrived" unexpr_local :< local_basic. ;; For exceptions to lexical rules alts_min :< *avm*. alts := alts_min & [ PASSIVE bool, VPELLIP bool, ADVADD bool, ADVNGADD bool, NPPART bool, VADJ bool, NGER bool, SQPNCT bool ]. no_alts :< alts_min. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Synsem values ; The feature AGR is introduced on LOCAL rather than on CAT (or on HEAD) since ; coordination schema unify the CAT value of the daughters with that of then ; mother, but need to be able to change AGR on the mother (to get plural ; agreement on verb when subject is a coordinated NP with "and" vs. "or"). cat_min :< *avm*. ;; DPF (22-Oct-98) Added feature HC-LEX ("is head-complement type lexical?") ;; on CAT, to identify the type of synsem that results from combining the word ;; with its complements. We recognize at least the head-complement ;; structures "thirty-two" and "two o'clock" as still being lexical signs, not ;; phrasal ones, since they can appear as prenominal adjectives and in noun- ;; noun compound constructions, respectively. The head-complement rule ;; determines its SYNSEM type by unifying its LEX value with the HC-LEX of ;; its head dtr - this works because the HCOMP rule requires its SYNSEM value to ;; be of type canonical_synsem, and the subtypes of canonical_synsem are the ;; only types that introduce the feature LEX, namely lex_synsem and phr_synsem. ; DPF 2-Jun-02 - Similarly, words differ in whether the head-specifier ; construction they head is lexical or phrasal: det+noun is phrasal to avoid ; allowing e.g. "*my the sony laptop arrived" but deg+adj is still lexical to ; avoid "*the children very small arrived" (given other constraints for each ; of these two constructions). So introduce HS-LEX value. cat_min1 := cat_min & [ HEAD head_min, VAL valence_min ]. cat := cat_min1 & [ MC luk, POSTHD bool, HC-LEX luk, HS-LEX luk ]. local_min1 := mod_local & [ CAT cat_min ]. local_min2 := mod_local & [ CONT mrs_min ]. local_min := local_min1 & local_min2 & [ AGR *top* ]. non-local_min :< *avm*. phon_min := *avm*. phon := phon_min & [ ONSET onset ]. onset := *sort*. con_or_unk := onset. voc_or_unk := onset. con := con_or_unk. voc := voc_or_unk. ; For unknown words unk_onset := con_or_unk & voc_or_unk. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; ;; Head and valence ;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; mod_local :< *avm*. ; The MOD value specifies the type of phrase that a sign can modify, and the ; POSTHD value stipulates the relative position of the modifier with ; respect to the head. (An earlier approach employing a generalization about ; a head being final in its phrase or not might still be considered as an ; alternate to this stipulative one.) ; The POSTHD feature should stay with MOD, since only relevant when MOD is ; non-empty. ; DPF 09-Jan-99 - Changed value of MOD to be of type synsem rather than type ; local, since some modifiers (like vocative NPs) only modify SLASH-empty ; phrases, which means they have to have access to the NONLOC feature of ; the phrase they modify. head_min :< *avm*. ; DPF 16-Aug-99 - Added INV to head type, since need to distinguish root ; from non-root phrases as output from parser, and since inverted S's now have ; MSG empty, we have to require all non-root fragments to be INV -. ; DPF 09-sept-07 - With the departure of messages, we can now push INV back ; down to verb_or_frag. ; TAM likewise can be pushed down to non-noun subtype. ; AUX has to be here as long as we want PPs to avoid attaching to aux-headed ; phrases, since they can also modify nouns. head := head_min & [ MOD *list*, PRD bool, MINORS minors_basic, AUX luk, CASE case ]. valence_min :< *avm*. valence := valence_min & [ SUBJ *list*, SPR *list*, COMPS *list* ]. valence_sp := valence & [ SPEC *list*, SPCMPS 0-1-list ]. ; KCMP is a pointer to a distinguished ('key') complement synsem, used in ; generalizations within the lexical type hierarchy, but not present in the ; syntax. valence_lex := valence_sp & [ KCMP *avm* ]. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Head types ; POSS is akin to CASE, distinguishing possessive-marked NPs from ordinary NPs, ; a contrast needed for e.g. the adjective "own" which can only appear in ; phrases with a possessive NP specifier. Also used in building partitive ; phrases such as in "Kim's is good." ; poss-able := head_min & [ POSS bool ]. disc_adverbee :< head. subst_or_func :< head. func :< subst_or_func. n_or_p_or_v_or_adv :< head. n_or_p_or_v := n_or_p_or_v_or_adv & subst. p_or_adv_or_dadv :< head. n_or_a_or_p_or_adv :< head. v_or_g_or_dadv :< head. p_or_adv := n_or_p_or_v_or_adv & p_or_adv_or_dadv & n_or_a_or_p_or_adv & n_or_p_or_adv. subst_or_adv :< head. subst := subst_or_func & subst_or_adv. v_or_g_or_p :< v_or_g_or_a_or_p. non_noun_or_frag := head & [ TAM tam_min ]. non_noun_or_adv := non_noun_or_frag. non_noun := subst & non_noun_or_adv. v_or_a_or_p :< non_noun. ; Used by copula in "it is that Kim arrived" or "it is because Kim arrived" comp_or_p :< non_noun. a_or_adv := n_or_a_or_p_or_adv & n_or_a_or_adv_or_det. n_or_p_or_frag :< head. n_or_p_or_a :< n_or_a_or_p_or_adv. n_or_p_or_adv :< head. ;v_or_n_or_g_or_a := subst. ;n_or_v_or_a :< v_or_n_or_g_or_a. n_or_v_or_a :< subst. n_or_p := n_or_p_or_v & n_or_p_or_frag & n_or_p_or_a & n_or_p_or_adv. n_or_a := n_or_v_or_a & [ --BARE bool ]. ; DPF 3-apr-05 - Added poss-able to allow for locative inversion using subjh. a_or_p := v_or_a_or_p & n_or_p_or_a & poss-able. v_or_p := v_or_a_or_p & n_or_p_or_v & v_or_g_or_p. n_or_v := n_or_p_or_v & n_or_v_or_a. n_or_a_or_adv_or_det :< head. n_or_adv :< n_or_a_or_adv_or_det. basic_nom_or_ttl := poss-able & head. nom_or_ttl :< basic_nom_or_ttl. noun_or_ttl :< nom_or_ttl. ; For constraint on head-spec rule. n_or_a_or_det := n_or_a_or_adv_or_det. det := func & poss-able & n_or_a_or_det. adverbee_or_modnp := head. ; Adverbs modify adverbees. adverbee :< adverbee_or_modnp. v_or_g_or_a_or_int :< subst. v_or_g_or_a_or_p :< subst. v_or_g_or_a := v_or_g_or_a_or_p & v_or_g_or_a_or_int. v_or_g := v_or_g_or_a & v_or_g_or_p & verb_or_frag & v_or_g_or_dadv. nominal_or_verbal := subst. nominal := nominal_or_verbal & poss-able. verbal := v_or_g & nominal_or_verbal & adverbee & disc_adverbee. ; mobile things can be extracted in the complement-extraction rule, from which ; we exclude nominative-case NPs by not making all NPs mobile. mobile :< head. ; DPF 7-mar-05 - Make subtype of nominal_or_verbal so PPs can modify APs, ; in order to admit "towns not obvious on the map" adj_or_intadj := n_or_a & a_or_p & adverbee & nominal_or_verbal & v_or_g_or_a_or_int. v_or_a := v_or_g_or_a & n_or_v_or_a & non_noun. basic_adj := v_or_a & mobile & adj_or_intadj & a_or_adv. ; For positive adjectives adj := basic_adj & n_or_a_or_det. prep_or_modnp :< p_or_adv. ; DPF 26-Jul-99 - Made prep not inherit from adverbee, since in general ; don't want adverbs modifying PPs. ; DPF 17-Dec-01 - But need to have at least some adverbs modifying PPs: ; "The books currently in the store include ..." basic_prep := a_or_p & v_or_p & n_or_p & prep_or_modnp & comp_or_p & adverbee. prep := basic_prep & mobile. prep_nonmob := basic_prep. ; For result of npadv_mod non-branching rule ; Need mobile for "where did i put it" modnp := n_or_p & nominal & prep_or_modnp & mobile & a_or_adv & v_or_a_or_p & adverbee_or_modnp. supnoun := nominal & n_or_v & n_or_a_or_det. ; for both nominal and verbal gerunds noun_or_nomger := supnoun & n_or_p & basic_nom_or_ttl. noun_or_gerund := supnoun. ; For nouns that can undergo conversion to adj, like "eared" or "blue" noun_adj := supnoun. ; DPF 8-aug-07 - The hack feature --BARE is used to prevent underspecified ; mass-count nouns from undergoing the robust bare-pl-sg rule, since they ; can already undergo the ordinary bare-plural rule. basic_noun := n_or_a & noun_or_nomger & n_or_adv & noun_or_gerund & noun_or_ttl. noun := basic_noun. noun_adjable := basic_noun & noun_adj. ; DPF 10-Apr-02 - Added n_or_p since want to allow gerunds to undergo noptcomp ; rule, to get e.g."way of saying that Kim arrives" gerund := noun_or_gerund & adverbee & v_or_g & n_or_p & disc_adverbee. ; For derived entries like the "eyed" of "wide-eyed" n-ed := noun_adj & noun_or_nomger. ; For no-copula and run-on sentences verb_or_frag := non_noun_or_frag & [ VFORM vform, INV bool ]. ; Added poss-able to allow s's as subjects of quoting verbs, as in ; 'Kim arrived said Sandy.' verb := verbal & v_or_p & n_or_v & v_or_a & poss-able & mobile. addinfl := *avm* & [ ADDPN pn, ADDTAM tam_min ]. vc_add := verbal & [ --ADDIN addinfl ]. verb_full := verb & vc_add. ; DPF 24-jul-05 - Removed nominal as supertype of comp since we use a rule to ; convert NP-subject-taking VPs into CP-taking ones, with distinct semantic ; linking. comp := verbal & poss-able & comp_or_p. comp_full := comp & vc_add. basic_adv := func & non_noun_or_adv & subst_or_adv. ; 'not' and closed class of other adverbs that can be added to aux COMPS list ; via 'adv_addition' lexical rule. basic_lexadv := basic_adv & disc_adverbee. negadv := basic_lexadv & adverbee. lexadv :< basic_lexadv. reg_adv := basic_adv & disc_adverbee & p_or_adv & a_or_adv & n_or_adv. adv := reg_adv & mobile. adv_nonmob :< reg_adv. deg_adv :< basic_adv. root-marker := v_or_g_or_dadv & adverbee & p_or_adv_or_dadv & subst_or_func. wh_adv :< func. ; For titles like "Mr" or "Professor", not to be confused with nouns ttl := func & noun_or_ttl & n_or_a_or_p_or_adv. detspec :< func. ; Hack used in blocking unwanted affixes no_head := subst_or_func. ; Types for punctuation and string boundaries. ; **FIX** punct_hd := head. punct_pair_hd := func. quote_punct_hd := punct_pair_hd. dq_punct_hd := quote_punct_hd. sq_punct_hd := quote_punct_hd. lq_punct_hd := sq_punct_hd. lp_punct_hd := punct_pair_hd. rp_punct_hd := punct_pair_hd. nomger := noun_or_nomger & nom_or_ttl. nomger_mob := nomger & mobile & [ CASE acc ]. ; The following types are used to enable strict subcategorization (the usual ; case) noun_mob := noun & mobile & [ CASE acc ]. partn := noun. partn_mobile := partn & mobile. gerund_mob := gerund & mobile & [ CASE acc ]. ; For 'long' of 'for too long' grad_n := noun & mobile & [ CASE acc ]. interv_n := noun. ; For types that can undergo number-partitive:'five of them','ten feet of rope' adj_partitive :< subst_or_func. intadj_or_superl :< adj_partitive. intadj_or_comp :< adj_partitive. compar_or_superl_adj :< basic_adj. superl_adj := compar_or_superl_adj & intadj_or_superl. compar_adj := compar_or_superl_adj & intadj_or_comp. ; For measure-NPs noun_meas := noun & adj_partitive. ; For tag questions, which can't be verbal in order to avoid being root S's. tagaux := subst_or_func & verb_or_frag. conj_or_frag := head. ; For fragments of all kinds frag := subst_or_func & verb_or_frag & conj_or_frag & [ MOD < > ]. ; For run-on sentence conjunction (to avoid spurious modifier ambiguity) conj-s := verbal & conj_or_frag. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Sorts for atomic values strict_sort :< *sort*. ; Person and number represented as atomic sorts, with gender a separate attrib ; relevant for 3sg, and where count/mass distinction only for 3sg neuter. pn := *sort*. ; 5 cells -1s := pn. -2s := pn. -3s := pn. -1p := pn. -2p := pn. -3p := pn. ; 4 cells -1 := -1s & -1p. -2 := -2s & -2p. -3 := -3s & -3p. -12s := -1s & -2s. -13s := -1s & -3s. -23s := -2s & -3s. -12p := -1p & -2p. -13p := -1p & -3p. -23p := -2p & -3p. -1s-2p := -1s & -2p. -1s-3p := -1s & -3p. -2s-1p := -2s & -1p. -2s-3p := -2s & -3p. -3s-1p := -3s & -1p. -3s-2p := -3s & -2p. ;3 cells sg := -12p & -13p & -23p. pl := -12s & -13s & -23s. 1+2s := -3s-2p & -23p & -3. 1+2p := -2s-3p & -23s & -3. 1+3s := -2s-3p & -23p & -2. 1+3p := -3s-2p & -23s & -2. 2+1s := -3s-1p & -13p & -3. 2+1p := -1s-3p & -13s & -3. 2+3s := -1s-3p & -13p & -1. 2+3p := -3s-1p & -13s & -1. 3+1s := -2s-1p & -12p & -2. 3+1p := -1s-2p & -12s & -2. 3+2s := -1s-2p & -12p & -1. 3+2p := -2s-1p & -12s & -1. 12s+3p := -3s-1p & -3s-2p & -12p. 13s+2p := -2s-1p & -2s-3p & -13p. 23s+1p := -1s-2p & -1s-3p & -23p. 1s+23p := -2s-1p & -3s-1p & -23s. 2s+13p := -1s-2p & -3s-2p & -13s. 3s+12p := -1s-3p & -2s-3p & -12s. ; 2 cells 1 := 1+2s & 1+2p & 1+3s & 1+3p. 2 := 2+1s & 2+1p & 2+3s & 2+3p. 3:= 3+1s & 3+1p & 3+2s & 3+2p. 12s := 12s+3p & 1+2s & 2+1s & sg. 13s := 13s+2p & 1+3s & 3+1s & sg. 23s := 23s+1p & 2+3s & 3+2s & sg. 12p := 3s+12p & 1+2p & 2+1p & pl. 23p := 1s+23p & 2+3p & 3+2p & pl. 13p := 2s+13p & 1+3p & 3+1p & pl. 1s+2p := 1+2p & 2+1s & 13s+2p & 1s+23p. 1s+3p := 1+3p & 3+1s & 12s+3p & 1s+23p. 2s+1p := 2+1p & 1+2s & 2s+13p & 23s+1p. 2s+3p := 2+3p & 3+2s & 2s+13p & 12s+3p. 3s+1p := 3+1p & 1+3s & 3s+12p & 23s+1p. 3s+2p := 3+2p & 2+3s & 3s+12p & 13s+2p. 1s := 1 & 12s & 13s & 1s+2p & 1s+3p. 2s := 2 & 12s & 23s & 2s+1p & 2s+3p. 3s := 3 & 13s & 23s & 3s+1p & 3s+2p. 1p := 1 & 12p & 13p & 2s+1p & 3s+1p. 2p := 2 & 12p & 23p & 1s+2p & 3s+2p. 3p := 3 & 13p & 23p & 2s+3p & 1s+3p. ; For unspecified pernum, to constrain generator introducing e.g. 'am' when ; an argument position is unbound. unsp_pernum :< pn. gender :< *sort*. real_gender :< gender. animate := real_gender. masc :< animate. fem :< animate. neut :< real_gender. andro :< animate. andro1 :< animate. ; The following two are used in tag questions to block mismatched expletive ; pronouns in main clause and tag, since we can't block on unified index ; values, since in general tag questions introduce a pronoun which must have ; a unique index bound by the quantifier it (now) introduces lexically. no_gend_it := gender. no_gend_there := gender. png_min := *avm*. png := png_min & [ PN pn, GEN gender ]. ; ERB declarative and interrogative seem to form a natural class ; in that 'know', 'guess', 'suspect' ... take either. The type ; decl_int is meant to reflect this. ; ERB (23-07-96) declarative and imperative also form a class ; with respect to tag questions. The type decl_imp is meant to ; reflect this. cl_mode :< *sort*. no_cl_mode :< cl_mode. relative :< cl_mode. decl_int :< cl_mode. decl_imp :< cl_mode. declarative := decl_int & decl_imp. interrogative :< decl_int. imperative :< decl_imp. prontype :< *sort*. real_pron :< prontype. std_pron :< real_pron. recip :< real_pron. refl :< real_pron. impers :< real_pron. demon :< real_pron. zero_pron :< real_pron. not_pron :< prontype. ; Three-valued sort evoking Polish logician Jan Lukasiewicz luk :< *sort*. ; NA for Not Applicable. na_or_+ :< luk. na_or_- :< luk. bool :< luk. na := na_or_+ & na_or_-. + := bool & na_or_+. - := bool & na_or_-. ; Three-valued sort for distinguishing unmodified signs from both left-modified ; and right-modified signs ; LPERIPH and RPERIPH indicate whether this modifier is left- or ; right-peripheral in its phrase - e.g., "the IBM temporary employees" but ; "*the IBM five employees", and similarly "chairs I buy that you like are ; expensive" but "*chairs that you like I buy are expensive" xmod_min := *sort*. xmod := xmod_min & [ LPERIPH luk, RPERIPH luk ]. notmod_or_rmod :< xmod. notmod_or_lmod :< xmod. notmod := notmod_or_rmod & notmod_or_lmod. hasmod :< xmod. lmod := hasmod & notmod_or_lmod. rmod := hasmod & notmod_or_rmod. ; One of a grammatically salient inventory of semantic sorts, such as ; 'animate' or 'time' semsort :< *sort*. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; CONT types semarg := *avm* & [ INSTLOC string, SORT *sort* ]. basic_non_expl := semarg. basic_non_event := semarg. non_event := basic_non_expl & basic_non_event. handle :< non_event. individual_min := semarg. individual := individual_min & [ SF iforce, --TPC luk ]. ; DIV (divisible) distinguishes singular count nouns from plural and mass ; nouns, for determiners like "some", and for bare-plural NPs. ; IND (individuated) draws the relevant semantic distinction between ; countable and non-countable entities, so DIV should be only a morphosyntactic ; distinction. index := individual & [ PNG png_min, DIV bool, IND bool ]. ; Moved SORT to individual, since need to allow constraint to affect events too full_index := index & [ PRONTYPE prontype ]. ; This is the type of the index of the phrase modified by predicative PPs, which ; can either modify a ref-ind nominal or an event VP. non_expl := individual & basic_non_expl. event_or_index := non_expl. event_or_deg-ind :< event_or_index. basic_tense :< *sort*. tense :< basic_tense. untensed :< basic_tense. basic_aspect := *avm*. aspect := basic_aspect & [ PRF luk, PROGR luk ]. no_aspect := aspect & [ PRF -, PROGR - ]. real_tense :< tense. nonpast :< real_tense. present :< nonpast. nonpresent :< real_tense. past :< nonpresent. future := nonpast. no_tense := tense & untensed. ; For PPs that can never be complements of 'be' nontense :< untensed. mood :< *sort*. ind_or_modal_subj :< mood. ind_or_subj :< mood. indicative := ind_or_modal_subj & ind_or_subj. basic_subjunctive :< mood. modal_subj := ind_or_modal_subj & basic_subjunctive. subjunctive := basic_subjunctive & ind_or_subj. tam_min := *avm*. tam := tam_min & [ TENSE basic_tense, ASPECT basic_aspect, MOOD mood ]. past_or_subj_tam := tam & [ TENSE nonpresent ]. subjnct_tam := past_or_subj_tam & [ MOOD subjunctive ]. indic_tam := tam & [ TENSE real_tense, MOOD ind_or_modal_subj ]. past_tam := past_or_subj_tam & indic_tam & [ TENSE past, ASPECT no_aspect ]. event := event_or_deg-ind & ind_or_event_or_conj & [ E tam_min, PERF luk, PROG luk ]. ; Once used to distinguish discourse adverbs, for VIT purposes - now obsolete? disc_frag :< event_or_index. ; LNK links semantic relation to input string elements ; CFROM and CTO used for characterization relation_min := *avm*. relation := relation_min & [ PRED predsort, LBL handle, LNK *list*, CFROM *top*, CTO *top* ]. arg0_relation := relation & [ ARG0 event_or_index ]. event_relation := arg0_relation & [ ARG0 event ]. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; MRS type ; ; HOOK ; Label of rel with highest scope in sign ; RELS ; List of elementary predications ; HCONS *diff-list* ; Scope constraints: list of scp_pr's ; DPF 18-jul-04 - Avoid making value of LTOP handle, since want to allow for ; optional sentential complements, so need to have that argument position in ; the higher verb's relation be underspecified. We give up some type-checking ; benefits here, but gain cleaner treatment of optionality. hook_min := *top*. hook := hook_min & [ LTOP handle, INDEX semarg, XARG *top* ]. mrs_min := *avm*. mrs_min0 := mrs_min & [ HOOK hook_min ]. mrs_min1 := mrs_min0 & [ RELS *diff-list* ]. ;; DPF 10-Oct-00 - Added ARG0 attribute for predicative phrases, as in ;; "Kim kept calm" where the INDEX of "calm" is "Kim"'s INDEX and the first ;; argument of _keep_rel, while "calm"'s ARG0 is second argument of _keep_rel. mrs := mrs_min1 & [ HCONS *diff-list* ]. ; Constrains handle of scopable argument HARG relative to one or more ; handles scp_pr := *top* & [ HARG handle, LARG handle ]. ; Constrains scope to be equal subject to intervening quantifiers ;;; ;;; as of jul-04, the generator supports a mode where QEQs in its input MRSs ;;; are equated internal to the generator, which (although formally it results ;;; in an MRS that could not be scope-resolved) makes sure we get attachments ;;; of scopal elements right, even though in the final semantics compatibility ;;; test there is no testing of handle constraints. instead, an MRS that comes ;;; off a generator output is subjected to QEQ equation internall too, so that ;;; plain mrs-equalp() is sufficient. equating INSTLOC values inside of QEQs ;;; in the grammar makes sure we get the intended effect during generation, but ;;; still end up producing a well-formed MRS with scope underspecification. ;;; (14-jul-04; oe) ; Constrains scope to be equal subject to intervening quantifiers qeq := scp_pr & [ HARG.INSTLOC #1, LARG.INSTLOC #1 ]. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; CONJ type - ; ; CONJ values come in two types, cnil and real-conj (i.e., non-cnil). Cnil ; and the atomic substypes of real-conj are the possible CONJ values of the ; left conjunct in a coordinate structure. The right conjunct must always ; have a complex-conj CONJ value. A complex CONJ value has three parts: the ; handles and indices of the sub-parts of the right conjunct, and the CHEAD ; info that gets passed from the right conjunct to the mother. The CHEAD ; value has only one piece of information: the CONJ value of the ; left conjunct daughters. For more info about how this works, see ; top_coord_rule in syntax.tdl. conj_min := *avm*. basic-conj := conj_min & [ CHEAD cnil_or_atomconj ]. conj := basic-conj. cnil_or_numconj :< basic-conj. cnil_or_phrconj :< basic-conj. cnil_or_lexconj :< basic-conj. cnil_or_atomconj :< *avm*. both_or_cnil :< basic-conj. either_or_cnil :< basic-conj. neither_or_cnil :< basic-conj. first_or_cnil :< basic-conj. notonly_or_cnil :< basic-conj. not_or_cnil :< basic-conj. cnil := conj_min. cnil_full := cnil & cnil_or_numconj & cnil_or_phrconj & cnil_or_lexconj & cnil_or_atomconj & both_or_cnil & either_or_cnil & neither_or_cnil & first_or_cnil & notonly_or_cnil & not_or_cnil. real-conj := conj. atomic-conj := cnil_or_atomconj & basic-conj. both := both_or_cnil & atomic-conj. either := either_or_cnil & atomic-conj. neither := neither_or_cnil & atomic-conj. first := first_or_cnil & atomic-conj. notonly := notonly_or_cnil & atomic-conj. not-conj := not_or_cnil & atomic-conj. ; CREL is a pointer to the coord_relation, needed for semantic composition. ; CPUNCT enables lexical conjunctions to block comma-marked left conjunct ; in simple two-part coordination: '*Abrams, and Browne arrived'. ; CPNG records agreement constraints which a conjunction can contribute, ; allowing 'and' to provide singular nbar-coordination, but plural NP ; coordination, for the contrast in "Their hardiness and zest for life is" ; but "*Abrams and Browne is" complex-conj := real-conj & [ CREL *top*, CPUNCT pnctpair, CPNG png ]. phr-conj := complex-conj & cnil_or_phrconj. lex-conj := complex-conj & cnil_or_lexconj. num-conj := cnil_or_numconj & atomic-conj. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Contextual information ctxt_min :< *avm*. ctxt := ctxt_min & [ ACTIVATED bool, PRESUP *diff-list* ]. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; LKEYS relations (shortcuts to keyrels of complements, only used in lexicon) ; KEYREL relation ; Pointer to main relation in RELS ; ALTKEYREL relation ; Pointer to an alternate relation in RELS ; ALT2KEYREL relation ; Pointer to a second alternate relation in RELS ; --COMPKEY predsort ; Pointer to the complement's MIN ; --OCOMPKEY predsort ; Pointer to the oblique complement's MIN ; --+COMPKEY predsort ; Pointer to obligatory complement's MIN ; --+OCOMPKEY predsort ; Pointer to obligatory oblique complement's MIN minors_basic := *avm* & [ MIN predsort ]. minors := minors_basic & [ ALTMIN predsort ]. minors_full := minors & [ NORM predsort ]. lexkeys := *avm* & [ KEYREL relation ]. lexkeys_norm := lexkeys & [ ALTKEYREL relation ]. lexkeys_full := lexkeys_norm & [ ALT2KEYREL relation, --COMPKEY predsort, --OCOMPKEY predsort, --+COMPKEY predsort, --+OCOMPKEY predsort, --COMPHD head_min ]. ; To support chart dependency filtering for there-copula and expletive-it args lexkeys+ := lexkeys_full & [ --+ARGIND index ]. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Affixation ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; DPF (14-Oct-98) --FINAL-ARG points to the final element in a word with ;; spaces, since that element bears any inflection. ;; AAC - dropped --FINAL-ARG - default infl position is end of word ;; in user-fns. Find better soln when we do multi words properly ;; (and use defaults) ; Rule rule := sign. ; LNAME and META used for labeling nodes in parse trees tree_node_label := *top* & [ NODE sign ]. label := sign & [ LNAME string ]. ;; see lkbpatches meta := sign & [ META-PREFIX string, META-SUFFIX string ]. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; CASE and VFORM case :< *sort*. non_obliq :< case. nom :< non_obliq. non_nom :< case. acc := non_nom & non_obliq. obliq :< non_nom. vform :< *sort*. fin_or_non_fin :< vform. non_fin :< fin_or_non_fin. non_inf :< vform. non_prp := non_fin & non_inf. non_bse :< vform. ger :< non_prp. pas_or_psp := non_fin & non_inf & non_bse. pas_or_prp := vform. pas := non_prp & pas_or_psp & pas_or_prp. psp_or_psp_irreg :< pas_or_psp. psp :< psp_or_psp_irreg. psp_irreg :< psp_or_psp_irreg. bse_or_inf :< vform. ; fin_or_bse used to collapse morpholog. unmarked forms for bse and fin-non3sg. fin_or_bse_or_imp :< non_inf. fin_or_bse :< fin_or_bse_or_imp. bse := bse_or_inf & fin_or_bse_or_imp. ; Base morphology verbs can be either base or imperative, but not if negated. ; See discussion of type neg_word. bse_only := bse & non_fin & fin_or_bse. fin_or_inf_or_imp :< vform. fin_or_imp := fin_or_inf_or_imp & fin_or_bse_or_imp. imp_vform := bse & fin_or_imp. fin_or_inf := non_bse & fin_or_inf_or_imp. fin := fin_or_inf & fin_or_bse & fin_or_imp & fin_or_non_fin. inf_or_prp :< non_fin. inf := inf_or_prp & bse_or_inf & fin_or_inf. prp := inf_or_prp & non_inf & non_bse & pas_or_prp. inf_and :< vform. inf_but :< vform. inf_from :< inf_or_prp. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;; CONT values (MRS semantics) ;; ;; The basic semantic objects are all sub-types of semarg. Right now, the only ;; type of semarg that has an internal structure is index, but that will ;; probably change. For example, an event might have various times associated ;; with them or a handle may include a list of "subhandles" which are in its ;; scope. Indices are classified in the familiar HPSG way. expl-ind := index & basic_non_event. full_expl-ind := expl-ind & full_index. it-ind := full_expl-ind & [ PNG [ PN 3s, GEN no_gend_it ] ]. there-ind := expl-ind & [ PNG.GEN no_gend_there ]. non_expl_or_conj-ind :< index. non_expl_or_param :< *sort*. ind_or_event_or_conj := non_expl_or_conj-ind & event_or_index. non_expl-ind := ind_or_event_or_conj & non_event & non_expl_or_param & [ PNG.GEN real_gender ]. ref-ind :< non_expl-ind. deg-ind := non_expl-ind & event_or_deg-ind. full_non_expl := full_index & non_expl-ind. full_there-ind := there-ind & full_expl-ind. full_ref-ind := ref-ind & full_non_expl. full_deg-ind := deg-ind & full_non_expl. ; Added to block spurious ambiguity for conjoined proper names: nonconj_ref-ind := full_ref-ind. conj-ind :< ind_or_event_or_conj. conj_event_or_deg-ind := event_or_deg-ind & conj-ind. conj_event := conj_event_or_deg-ind & event. ; Used to distinguish non-conjoined sentences in order to prevent np_cp_wh_rule ; from applying to conjoined message-underspecified clauses. non_conj_event := event. conj_non_expl-ind := conj-ind & non_expl-ind. conj_full-ind := conj_non_expl-ind & full_non_expl. conj_ref-ind := conj_non_expl-ind & ref-ind. conj_full_ref-ind := conj_ref-ind & conj_full-ind & full_ref-ind. conj_deg-ind := conj_event_or_deg-ind & conj_non_expl-ind & deg-ind. conj_full_deg-ind := conj_deg-ind & conj_full-ind & full_deg-ind. unbound-ind := non_expl-ind. ; The basic semantic structure, a CONT, is just something with a handle. ; Conts are further classified into mrss (i.e., things with liszts) and ; relations (i.e., things that go on liszts). Conts are divided into psoas ; (with a distinguished event) and nom-objs (with a distinguished index). ; We use a polymorphic attribute name INDEX for both of these, to simplify ; manipulation of these objects; for example, modifying PPs assign as their ; ARG1's value the INDEX of the phrase they modify, whether it's an N-bar ; (with a ref-ind value) or a VP (with an event value). Similarly useful ; for coordination. ; ERB (03-10-96) ; The intermediate types ques_prop_msg and prop_com_msg represent the ; natural classes needed for selection by know, announce, care, check, ; etc. and the analysis of THAT (see lextypes.tdl) and the ; forthcoming analysis of tags on imperatives, respectively. psoa := mrs_min0 & [ HOOK.INDEX event ]. psoa_basicmrs :< psoa. psoa_mrs := psoa_basicmrs & mrs. ; DPF 11-Feb-01 - For now, make all nom-objs have INDEX and E-INDEX the same, ; to keep coordination working now that we want to treat coordination of ; predicative phrases via their E-INDEX. Probably will have to adjust this ; once we get more interesting temporal semantics for some nouns. ; DPF 29-Nov-02 - Can't have E-INDEX the same, since pre-nominal adjectives ; now unify their E-INDEX with that of the noun, and it's of type event. ; Recall that adjectives must do this unification in order to propagate the ; E-INDEX of the syntactic head, since the adjective is the semantic head. ; DPF 4-Dec-02 - For now, make all nouns not expose an external argument, so ; they won't appear as controlled complements. Will perhaps want to treat ; indefinite NPs in copular constructions by relaxing this constraint for e.g. ; "Kim is a consultant" ; DPF 13-Nov-03 - Removed [ HOOK.XARG nothing ], since nom-obj is also the ; type assigned to determiners, and these need to be able to take degree ; specifiers, including comparative/equative ones like "as many X", where the ; degree-spec identifies its SPEC's XARG with one argument in the comparative ; relation - necessary because adjectives expose their modifiee noun's index ; as the adj's XARG (since the adj's INDEX is its event, for copula constr's). ; DPF 27-Nov-03 - Also, experimentally, make XARG of NPs be the handle of ; the nbar, which often seems to be needed, e.g. in it-clefts, where the ; rel clause wants to identify its message's handle with that of the nbar. nom-obj := mrs. ; Relations are classified according to the types of arguments they take. All ; relations have a handle. In addition, quantifier relations have a bound ; variable and a restriction, nominal relations have an instance, and event ; relations have an event. Furthermore, nominal relations and event relations ; can have additional roles, depending on their meaning. ; Since some temporal nouns can be either arguments or VP modifiers, their ; rel's ARG0 value (coindexed with INDEX of the containing MRS) must remain ; unspecified for type. Consider "Kim arrived Tuesday" vs. "Tuesday comes ; after Monday"; in the first, Tuesday must have an event ARG0, while in the ; second, it must have a ref-ind ARG0. ; ERB (24-10-96) Here is the series of relations that will be used for ; questions, etc. Cf. Gizburg & Sag. quant_or_wh_relation := arg0_relation & [ PRED quant_or_wh_rel, ARG0 ref-ind, RSTR handle, BODY handle ]. ; Values in the feature QUE, used to distinguish ordinary WH-questions from ; in-situ WH. param :< non_expl_or_param. ; Nominal sorts nominal-sort :< *sort*. entity :< nominal-sort. nonloc :< entity. human :< nonloc. location :< nominal-sort. time :< location. ; DPF 14-nov-05 - Removed 'entity' supertype, since this means we get bad ; coordination as in "*We arrived here and the chair." place := location. nom-event :< nominal-sort. ; DPF 03-may-04 - No longer used ;number :< nominal-sort. ; modable_rel distinguishes those relations whose nominal lexical entries can ; undergo a syntactic rule to produce a modifier phrase, as in "we'll meet ; next week" or "I'll do it my way". ; dir_state_modable_rel is the supertype of modable_rel and dir_or_state_rel ; used by verbs selecting for locative PPs including nominal adverbials which ; are converted from NPs to PPs via a syntactic rule which introduces the ; two-place locative relation. This type is needed to support the shortcut of ; chart dependencies to filter out verb entries if the corresponding particle ; or preposition is not present, so we can still parse e.g. "Kim put it here". ; Nominal relations instance_relation := arg0_relation & [ ARG0 individual_min ]. nom_relation := instance_relation & [ ARG0 non_expl-ind ]. ; DPF 25-Sep-01 - Added [SORT entity] contrasted with [SORT time] to enable ; blocking of e.g. "the book that kim arrived" but allow "the day that Kim ; arrived" reg_nom_relation := nom_relation & [ ARG0.SORT entity ]. reg_nom_wcarg_relation := reg_nom_relation & const_value_relation. modable_nom_relation := nom_relation & [ ARG0.SORT entity ]. basic_diadic_nom_relation := nom_relation & basic_arg01_relation. diadic_nom_relation := basic_diadic_nom_relation & [ ARG1 non_expl-ind ]. reg_diadic_nom_relation := diadic_nom_relation & [ ARG0.SORT entity ]. diadic_nom_carg_relation := basic_diadic_nom_relation & const_arg01_relation. triadic_nom_relation := diadic_nom_relation & basic_arg12_relation & [ ARG2 non_expl-ind ]. reg_triadic_nom_relation := reg_diadic_nom_relation & basic_arg12_relation & [ ARG2 non_expl-ind ]. basic_hcomp_nom_relation := basic_diadic_nom_relation & [ ARG1 handle ]. hcomp_nom_relation := basic_hcomp_nom_relation & [ ARG0.SORT entity ]. ; Changed nominalize_rel and gerund_rel to subtype of non_temp_nom_rel rather ; than reg_nom_rel to avoid semantically anomalous readings for e.g. "Kim is ; sleeping". nom_or_ger_relation := arg0_relation & [ ARG0.SORT nom-event ]. nominalize_relation := basic_hcomp_nom_relation & nom_or_ger_relation & [ PRED nominalization_rel ]. gerund_relation := basic_diadic_nom_relation & nom_or_ger_relation & [ PRED nominalization_rel, ARG0 ref-ind ]. temp_abstr_relation := nom_relation & [ ARG0.SORT time ]. const_value_relation := relation & [ CARG *top* ]. const_arg0_relation := const_value_relation & arg0_relation. const_arg01_relation := const_arg0_relation & arg01_relation. generic_named_nom_relation := nom_relation & const_arg0_relation. named_nom_relation := generic_named_nom_relation & [ ARG0.SORT entity ]. generic_diadic_named_relation := generic_named_nom_relation & const_arg01_relation & diadic_nom_relation. generic_triadic_named_relation := generic_diadic_named_relation & triadic_nom_relation. diadic_named_nom_relation := generic_diadic_named_relation & reg_diadic_nom_relation. ; ARG1 is the minute_rel complement's ARG0, and ARG2 is the am_pm's ARG0. numbered_hour_relation := const_arg01_relation & basic_arg12_relation & [ PRED numbered_hour_rel, ARG0 [ PNG png & [ PN 3s, GEN neut ], SORT time ], CARG string, ARG1 individual_min, ARG2 individual_min ]. ; Pronouns ; DPF 2-Jul-03 - Removed DIV - which was perhaps used earlier to block ; spurious application of bare-np rule. Not desirable since antecedent could ; of course be mass or plural, and maybe want indices to be unifiable for ; anaphora resolution. pron_relation := nom_relation & [ PRED pron_rel, ARG0 ref-ind & [ SORT entity ] ]. recip_pro_relation := nom_relation & [ PRED recip_pro_rel, ARG0 ref-ind & [ SORT entity ] ]. basic_adj_relation := event_relation. norm_adj_relation := basic_adj_relation & arg1_relation. adj_relation := norm_adj_relation & [ ARG1 basic_non_expl ]. adj_arg1_relation := adj_relation. adj_arg12_relation := adj_arg1_relation & arg12_relation. adj_arg123_relation := adj_arg12_relation & arg123_relation. it_adj_arg1_relation := adj_arg1_relation. it_adj_arg12_relation := adj_arg12_relation & it_adj_arg1_relation. it_adj_arg123_relation := adj_arg123_relation & it_adj_arg12_relation. ; For unknown word adjectives, which currently need a CARG adj_wcarg_relation := norm_adj_relation & const_arg01_relation. basic_arg01_relation := arg0_relation & [ ARG1 *top* ]. arg01_relation := basic_arg01_relation & [ ARG1 semarg ]. arg01_only_relation := arg01_relation. adv_relation := arg01_relation & [ ARG0.E [ TENSE no_tense, ASPECT no_aspect ] ]. adv12_relation := adv_relation & arg2_relation. adv_carg_relation := adv_relation & const_arg01_relation. arg1_relation := arg01_relation & event_relation. arg2_relation := relation & [ ARG2 semarg ]. arg3_relation := relation & [ ARG3 semarg ]. arg4_relation := relation & [ ARG4 semarg ]. basic_arg12_relation := arg01_relation & arg2_relation. arg12_relation := basic_arg12_relation & arg1_relation. arg123_relation := arg12_relation & arg3_relation. arg1234_relation := arg123_relation & arg4_relation. aux_arg1_relation := arg1_relation & [ PRED aux_arg1_rel ]. ; Preposition relations prep_relation := basic_arg12_relation & [ PRED prep_rel ]. prep_notense_relation := prep_relation & [ ARG0.E [ TENSE no_tense, ASPECT no_aspect ] ]. prep_123_relation := prep_relation & arg3_relation. ; Degree relations degree_relation := basic_arg01_relation & [ ARG0 individual_min ]. comparative_relation := degree_relation & basic_arg12_relation & [ ARG1 index ]. ;; For "how" adjective, which quantifies over properties. ; For "how does Tuesdaay look" using second-order quantification (see notes for ; adj_wh_le in lextypes.tdl ; ARG1 is proposition, ARG2 is property prpstn_to_prop_relation := arg12_relation & [ PRED prpstn_to_prop_rel, ARG1 handle, ARG2 non_expl-ind ]. comp_relation := prep_relation & [ ARG2 event_or_index, ARG0.E.TENSE no_tense ]. superl_relation := prep_relation & [ ARG2 event_or_index ]. subord_relation := arg12_relation & [ ARG1 handle, ARG2 handle ]. ; Relation for unknown-word noun lexical typess basic_arg12_carg_relation := basic_arg12_relation & const_arg01_relation. ; Relation for unknown-word verb lexical types, which currently need a ARG arg12_carg_relation := arg12_relation & const_arg01_relation. ; Discourse functions ; ERB (03-10-96) In order to capture the similarities and differences ; between embedded and matrix questions, I am decomposing the ynq_rel ; into polar_q_rel and request_ans_rel. NB polar_q_rel ; probably doesn't qualify as 'discourse function'. ; So, the ynq_root construction will contribute a polar_q_rel and ; a request_ans_rel, whether will contribute a polar_q_rel, and ; matrix wh questions will contribute a request_ans_rel. prag_d_rel :< predsort. focus_d_rel :< prag_d_rel. parg_d_rel :< prag_d_rel. #| polar_q_rel :< mod_rel. request_ans_rel :< mod_rel. polite_rel :< mod_rel. |# basic_conj_relation := arg0_relation & [ PRED basic_conj_rel, ARG0 conj-ind, L-INDEX non_expl, R-INDEX non_expl ]. conj_relation := basic_conj_relation & [ PRED conj_rel, L-HNDL semarg, R-HNDL semarg ]. ; Abstract relations specified by more than one lexical entry abstr_place_relation := nom_relation & [ ARG0.SORT place ]. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Number relations ; DPF 10-Feb-02 - Highly experimental addition of ARG0 attribute to get ; segregation of numerical adjectives integer_relation := basic_arg01_relation & [ PRED integer_rel, ARG1 individual_min ]. const_relation := integer_relation & const_arg01_relation & [ PRED const_rel]. ; plus, times arg123_int_relation := integer_relation & arg123_relation & [ ARG2 handle, ARG3 handle ]. ;; TYPES/SORTS ;; The CARDINAL feature determines whether its bearer is cardinal or not ;; (i.e., is ordinal or cardinal). Thus it is only appropriate for ;; numbers. All numbers have a HEAD value of sort intsort, those ;; used adjectivally have heads of sort intadj (or one of its ;; subsorts) or intdet (which has no subsorts). Nominal uses are ;; not yet supported. ;; ;; Subcategorization, which is in terms of the maximum number of digits ;; allowed for the complement or specifier, is handled by the subsorts ;; of the digitn hierarchy. Currently, only adjectives participate in ;; this hierarchy; there is only a single integer determiner ("one"). ;; Nominal uses could be added by adding a type ;; intnoun := intsort & digitn & noun. intsort := head & [ CARDINAL bool ]. digitn :< head. digit15 :< digitn. digit12 :< digit15. digit9 :< digit12. digit6 :< digit9. digit3 :< digit6. digit2 :< digit3. digit1 :< digit2. ; The sorts digitk specify the number of digits of a lexeme ; together with its largest complement and specifier. ; The sorts digitk- are used for subcategorization; they include ; values of k or fewer digits. digit15- :< digitn. digit12- :< digit15-. digit9- :< digit12-. digit6- :< digit9-. digit3- :< digit6-. digit2- :< digit3-. digit1- :< digit2-. ;; DPF 26-Apr-00 - Removed adj parent from intadj. ;; DPF 19-Sept-01 - Added supertype adj_or_intadj, for adj-intervals ("2 - 3") intadj := intsort & adj_or_intadj & intadj_or_superl & intadj_or_comp. intadjn := intadj & digitn. intdet := intsort & det. ; intadj1- := intadj1. ; intadjk- means an integer adjective of at most k digits (when ; combined with specifier and complement intadj15- :< intadj. intadj15 := intadj15- & digit15. intadj12- :< intadj15-. intadj12 := intadj12- & digit12. intadj9- :< intadj12-. intadj9 := intadj9- & digit9. intadj6- :< intadj9-. intadj6 := intadj6- & digit6. intadj3- :< intadj6-. intadj3 := intadj3- & digit3. intadj2- :< intadj3-. intadj2 := intadj2- & digit2. intadj1 := intadj2- & digit1. fractadj := intadj & [ MOD < anti_synsem > ]. _here_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _now_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _there_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _today_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _tomorrow_a_1_rel := adj_rel & dofw_or_poss_q_rel. _yesterday_a_1_rel := adj_rel & dofw_or_poss_q_rel. _tonight_a_1_rel := adj_rel & dofw_or_poss_q_rel. _yesteryear_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _east_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _north_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _south_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _west_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _outdoors_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _indoors_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _overseas_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _online_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _offline_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _off+season_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _overhead_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _southeast_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _southwest_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _northeast_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _northwest_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _northward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _southward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _eastward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _westward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _northeastward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _southeastward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _northwestward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _southwestward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _upward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _downward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _uptown_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _downtown_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _downhill_p_rel :< dir_rel. _heavenward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _inward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _outward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _inland_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _late_p_rel := miscprep_rel. _elsewhere_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _forever_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _long_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _longer_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _soon_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _sooner_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _skyward_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _thither_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _underfoot_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _underground_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _yonder_a_1_rel := adj_rel. _arrear_a_1_rel := adj_rel. much-many_a_rel := adj_rel & card_or_much_rel. ; For fragments unknown_relation := arg0_relation & [ PRED unknown_rel, ARG0 event, ARG semarg ]. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Basic types ; DPF 10-Sep-03 Temporary redefinition of *sort* until we get rid of relations ; as values of MIN. *sort* :< *top*. atom :< predsort. *avm* :< *top*. *list* :< *avm*. *cons* := *list* & [ FIRST *top*, REST *top* ]. 0-1-list :< *list*. 1-list := 0-1-list & *cons* & [ REST *null* ]. *null* :< 0-1-list. 1-oblcons := 1-list & *oblcons*. 1-ocons := 1-list & *ocons*. 1-plus-list := *cons* & [ REST *cons* ]. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Basic types ; Used for characterization initial-cfrom-val := atom. initial-cto-val := atom. string := initial-cfrom-val & initial-cto-val. integer :< atom. ; Lists ; ERB (13-12-97) This type is meant as a PRO -- i.e., what can show ; up in such things as the 'way' construction and embedded infinitival ; wh questions. It should eventually receive some binding properties, ; but I don't know what to put there yet, and since we don't have ; a binding theory... ; ERB (14-12-97) I am adding the pron_rel to pro_ss, so that in the ; types like common_noun_vpcomp_synsem I don't have to put it in. I ; can just take the KEYREL. ; ERB (14-12-97) No pron_rel for pro_ss. ; ERB (14-12-97) ... and pro_ss is accusative, to block (once I get ; infinitival relatives working) *A person left came in. ; ERB (14-12-97) This is moved here so as to be after acc, which is a ; *sort* and thus can't handle being referenced before it is defined. ; ERB (19-01-98) PRO is obligatorially OPT -. This keeps to_c_prop ; from serving as a modifier without first building a non_wh_rel, ; because hadj requires SUBJ *olist*. ; ERB (21-01-98) In order for PRO to be extractable, it can't be ; SLASH 0-dlist, and thus can't be a subtype of unexpressed. With ; PRO underspecified for SLASH, something will always have to fill ; in that value. In the case of subject non_wh_rels (e.g., ; "Kim found a person to fix the sink") it is extracted, i.e., resolved ; to gappro by extrasubj. In the cases where the PRO is the subject of ; a selected complement, the selector will impose SLASH 0-dlist on the ; PRO (this case includes equi constructions, embedded infinitival ; wh questions, and the complement of 'way' as in "Kim found a way ; to leave early"). In the case of the (as yet unimplemented) CP[to] ; subjects, the NP -> CP rule will probably do the work. Alternatively, ; the selecting category could do it. Finally, in the case of ; non-subject non_wh_rels (e.g., "Kim found a cheeseburger to devour"), ; the PRO must be SLASH 0-dlist because the non_wh_rel_rule limits ; the SLASH list to length one. ; ; On a related note, we want the distribution of gappro (i.e., of ; extracted PRO) to be quite constrained, and perhaps even limited ; to the subject non_wh_rels. In general, we are relying on the ; restriction of SLASH to lists of length one stated in several places ; in the grammar, in addition to certain selecting categories' specifying ; an empty value for SLASH on the PROs in their complements' subjects ; to keep us from getting in trouble on this one. ; ; Finally, rather than make a subtype of pro_ss that says SLASH 0-dlist, ; I have opted to include that information on the type *prolist*. ; ERB (03-23-98) We need a way to identify indices introduced by a PRO ; that are "discourse bound". We were using PRONTYPE for this, but ; of course that doesn't work when the controller of the PRO is an overt ; pronoun. So the new strategy is to make the INDEX a non_expl. ; This will unify with the indices introduced by (appropriate) controllers, ; and (hopefully) be identifiable if it is not controlled. ; DPF 27-May-99 - Removed OPT - constraint from pro_ss (see ERB (19-01-98) ; above) since head_mod type now constrained via PRD rather than by requiring ; SUBJ to be empty (cf note DPF 27-May-99 with n_adj_int_phrase in syntax.tdl). ; This change means the types for saturated subcats can again simply require ; SUBJ to be *olist* rather than *null*, which e.g. allows verbal gerunds to ; have optional but non-empty SUBJ value and still themselves appear as ; subjects or complements without discharging that SUBJ value. ; DPF 15-Nov-03 - Added CONT.HOOK.INDEX ref-ind, which blocks spurious analysis ; of e.g. "to be" with expletive-subj elided be. And linked it to --SIND ; for consistency. ; DPF 06-dec-03 - But this fails to scope when there is no antecedent, as in ; "it takes a week to get there" (cf ok "It takes me a week to get there"). ; So remove constraint of ref-ind. Instead constrain NP-S rule's XARG. pro_ss := expressed_non_canonical & [ LOCAL [ CAT.HEAD noun & [ CASE acc ], CONT.HOOK.INDEX #ind ], NONLOC [ REL 0-dlist, QUE 0-dlist ], --SIND #ind ]. ; ERB (19-01-98) We need a subtype of pro and gap so that to_c_prop ; can undergo subject extraction. See the notes near non_wh_rel in ; syntax.tdl for the details of the analysis. ; I am positive that this will break something, but I could not ; guess what. gappro := pro_ss & gap. ; Needed in infinitival frag_vp rule to prevent spurious analyis with subj gap. nongappro := pro_ss & [ NONLOC.SLASH 0-dlist ]. *olist_or_prolist* :< *list*. *ocons_or_procons* := *olist_or_prolist* & *cons* & [ FIRST.NONLOC.SLASH 0-dlist ]. *olist* :< *olist_or_prolist*. *ocons* := *olist* & *ocons_or_procons* & [ FIRST unexpressed & [ OPT + ], REST *olist* ]. *onull* := *olist* & *null*. *obllist* :< *list*. *oblcons* := *obllist* & *cons* & [ FIRST.OPT -, REST *obllist* ]. *oblnull* := *obllist* & *null*. *synlist* :< *list*. *syncons* := *synlist* & *cons* & [ FIRST synsem, REST *synlist* ]. *syn_ocons* := *syncons* & *ocons*. *synnull* := *synlist* & *onull*. *phrlist* :< *list*. *phrcons* := *phrlist* & *cons* & [ FIRST phr_synsem, REST *phrlist* ]. *phrnull* := *phrlist* & *onull* & *oblnull*. *gaplist* :< *list*. *gapcons* := *gaplist* & *cons* & [ FIRST gap, REST *null* ]. *gapnull* := *gaplist* & *null*. *antisyn_or_prolist* := *list*. *prolist* := *antisyn_or_prolist* & *olist_or_prolist*. *procons* := *prolist* & *ocons_or_procons* & [ FIRST pro_ss, REST *null* ]. *pronull* := *prolist* & *onull*. *anti_list* := *antisyn_or_prolist*. *anti_cons* := *anti_list* & *cons* & [ FIRST anti_synsem, REST < > ]. *anti_ocons* := *anti_cons* & *ocons*. *anti_null* := *anti_list* & *onull*. ;; *unexplist* is used for common nouns whose specifier is possibly obligatory, ;; but unexpressed, as in noun-noun compounds. As usual, we use the same hack ;; as for *olist*, to get around the lack of recursive types in TDL. *unexplist* := *list*. *unexpcons* := *unexplist* & *cons* & [ FIRST unexpressed, REST *null* ]. ;*unexpnull* := *unexplist* & *olist* & *null*. *unexpnull* := *unexplist* & *onull*. ;; *substlist* is used in the adv_addition lexical rule, to prevent spurious ;; re-application of the rule to its own output by requiring the input to ;; be a (possibly empty) list of substantive synsems. *substlist* :< *list*. *substcons* := *substlist* & *cons* & [ FIRST.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD subst, REST *substlist* ]. ; For there-copula *substocons* := *substcons* & *ocons*. ;*substnull* := *substlist* & *olist* & *null*. *substnull* := *substlist* & *onull*. ; For constraint on COMPS.REST in passive rule, to block e.g. ; "*Kim was given by Abrams a book." *obliquelist* := *list*. *obliquecons* := *obliquelist* & *cons* & [ FIRST.LOCAL.CAT.HEAD non_noun, REST *obliquelist* ]. *obliqueocons* := *obliquecons* & *ocons*. *obliquenull* := *obliquelist* & *onull*. ;; *paramlist* is used in the treatment of free relatives, to distinguish ;; the usual value of QUE from its use in free relatives, where QUE is instead ;; a list of referential indices. *paramlist* := *list*. *paramcons* := *paramlist* & 1-list & [ FIRST param, REST *null* ]. *paramnull* := *paramlist* & *onull*. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Subtypes of *diff-list* ;; Experimental use of subtypes of *diff-list* to enforce constraint of at ;; most one element in SLASH (for efficiency, "violin/sonnet" examples ;; notwithstanding). Will only have effect in LKB version which does the ;; necessary type inference. *diff-list* := *avm* & [ LIST *list*, LAST *list* ]. 0-1-dlist := *diff-list* & [ LIST 0-1-list ]. ; DPF 10-Oct-02 - Just a reminder that we cannot make the LIST value of 0-dlist ; be < >, much as we might like to, since we're doing lexical threading of ; SLASH (at least), and if we make all 0-dlists have LIST < >, then if the ; first of two complements is a proper name with SLASH 0-dlist, then the ; appended diff-list also has LIST <>, which prevents the second complement ; (or the subject) from being slashed, so we would even block "Who hired Kim". ; Instead, need to ensure manually that for each dtr in a construction, if the ; SLASH value of the nonhead dtr is not carried up via lexical threading by ; the head-dtr, or by the construction itself, then that dtr must be ; constrained to be (seemingly redundantly) [ SLASH 0-dlist & [ LIST < > ] ]. 0-dlist := 0-1-dlist & [ LIST #list, LAST #list ]. 1-dlist := 0-1-dlist & [ LIST 1-list & [ REST #rest & *null* ], LAST #rest ]. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; pred names ; for 'different from/than X' than_or_from_rel :< selected_prep_rel. ; For PP complements of (temporal) 'from X to/until/through Y' abstr_until_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _aback_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _about_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _across_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _after_p_sel_rel :< minute_prep_sel_rel. _against_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _ahead_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _along_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _among_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _apart_a_sel_rel :< selected_adj_rel. _around_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _as_p_comp_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _as_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _as+to_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _aside_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _at_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _away_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _back_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _behind_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _between_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _by_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _by_p_cm_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _down_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _for_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _for_p_trgt_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _forth_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _forward_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _from_p_sel_rel :< than_or_from_rel. _home_a_sel_rel :< selected_adj_rel. _in_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _into_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. of_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _of_p_sel_rel := of_p_sel_rel. _of_p_nbar_rel := of_p_sel_rel. _off_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. on_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _on_p_sel_rel :< on_p_sel_rel. _onto_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _onward_p_sel_rel :< on_p_sel_rel. _onwards_p_sel_rel :< on_p_sel_rel. _open_a_sel_rel :< selected_adj_rel. _out+of_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _out_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _over_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _short_a_sel_rel :< selected_adj_rel. _still_a_sel_rel :< selected_adj_rel. _thin_a_sel_rel :< selected_adj_rel. _through_p_sel_rel :< abstr_until_sel_rel. _to_p_sel_rel := abstr_until_sel_rel & minute_prep_sel_rel. _to_p_nbar_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _together_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _toward_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _towards_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _under_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _until_p_sel_rel := abstr_until_sel_rel & minute_prep_sel_rel. _dashpnct_p_sel_rel :< abstr_until_sel_rel. _up_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _upon_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _with_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _without_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _than_p_compar_rel :< than_or_from_rel. _yet_p_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. _a_p_per_rel :< miscprep_rel. _abaft_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _abaft_p_dir_rel := _abaft_p_rel & dir_rel. _abaft_p_state_rel := _abaft_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _abeam_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _abeam_p_dir_rel := _abeam_p_rel & dir_rel. _abeam_p_state_rel := _abeam_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _aboard_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _aboard_p_dir_rel := _aboard_p_rel & dir_rel. _aboard_p_state_rel := _aboard_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _about_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _above_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _above_p_dir_rel := _above_p_rel & dir_rel. _above_p_state_rel := _above_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _aboveboard_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _aboveground_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _abroad_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _according+to_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _across_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _across_p_dir_rel := _across_p_rel & dir_rel. _across_p_state_rel := _across_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _afield_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _aft_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _aft_p_dir_rel := _aft_p_rel & dir_rel. _aft_p_state_rel := _aft_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _after_p_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _after_p_n-n_rel :< miscprep_rel. _afterward_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _afterwards_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _against_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _ago_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _ahead_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _ahead+of_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _ahead+of_p_dir_rel := _ahead+of_p_rel & dir_rel. _ahead+of_p_state_rel := _ahead+of_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _all+around_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _all+over_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _alone_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _along_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _along_p_dir_rel := _along_p_rel & dir_rel. _along_p_state_rel := _along_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _along+with_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _alongside_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _amid_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _amidst_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _among_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _amongst_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _apart+from_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _arm+in+arm_a_1_rel := miscprep_rel. _around_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _around_p_dir_rel := _around_p_rel & dir_rel. _around_p_state_rel := _around_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _as_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _as_p_nbar_rel :< miscprep_rel. _as+far+as_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _as+far+as_p_dir_rel := _as+far+as_p_rel & dir_rel. _as+far+as_p_state_rel := _as+far+as_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _as+follows_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _as+for_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _as+if_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _as+of_p_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _as+to_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _ashore_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _aside_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _aside+from_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _astray_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _astride_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _at+large_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _at_p_rel := state_loc_rel. _at_p_temp_rel :< temp_loc_sp_rel. _athwart_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _athwart_p_dir_rel := _athwart_p_rel & dir_rel. _athwart_p_state_rel := _athwart_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _atop_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _away_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _away_p_dir_rel := _away_p_rel & dir_rel. _away_p_state_rel := _athwart_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _back_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _backward_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _backwards_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _because+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _before_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _beforehand_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _below_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _below_p_dir_rel := _below_p_rel & dir_rel. _below_p_state_rel := _below_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _behind_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _behind_p_dir_rel := _behind_p_rel & dir_rel. _behind_p_state_rel := _behind_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _beneath_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _beside_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _beside_p_dir_rel := _beside_p_rel & dir_rel. _beside_p_state_rel := _beside_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _besides_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _between_p_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _betwixt_p_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _beyond_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _beyond_p_dir_rel := _beyond_p_rel & dir_rel. _beyond_p_state_rel := _beyond_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _but+for_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _but_p_except_rel :< miscprep_rel. _by_p_rel :< dir_rel. _by_p_temp_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _by_p_means_rel :< miscprep_rel. _by+means+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _by+way+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _by+colon_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _by_p_n-n_rel :< miscprep_rel. _circa_p_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _close+to_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _colon_p_namely_rel :< miscprep_rel. _concerning_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _care+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _clockwise_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _clockwise_p_dir_rel := _clockwise_p_rel & dir_rel. _clockwise_p_state_rel := _clockwise_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _close+by_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _crossways_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _crossways_p_dir_rel := _crossways_p_rel & dir_rel. _crossways_p_state_rel := _crossways_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _despite_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _down_p_rel :< dir_rel. _downstairs_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _downstream_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _due+to_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _during_p_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _e+g_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _each_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _en+route_p_rel :< dir_rel. _ever+before_p_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _ever+since_p_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _except+for_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _except_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _excepting_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _face+to+face_a_1_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _face+to+face_a_dir_rel := _face+to+face_a_1_rel & dir_rel. _face+to+face_a_state_rel := _face+to+face_a_1_rel & state_loc_rel. _facing_p_rel :< dir_rel. _for_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _for+example_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _for+instance_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _for+lack+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _for+the+better_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _fore_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _fore_p_dir_rel := _fore_p_rel & dir_rel. _fore_p_state_rel := _fore_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _forth_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _forth_p_dir_rel := _forth_p_rel & dir_rel. _forth_p_state_rel := _forth_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _forward_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _forward_p_dir_rel := _forward_p_rel & dir_rel. _forward_p_state_rel := _forward_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _forwards_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _fore+and+aft_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _from_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _from_p_to_rel := dir_rel & instance_rel. _from_p_to-n_rel := dir_rel & instance_rel. _from_p_time-on_rel :< miscprep_rel. _from_p_time_rel :< temp_loc_sp_rel. _further_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _further_p_dir_rel := _further_p_rel & dir_rel. _further_p_state_rel := _further_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _going+by_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _gone+by_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _hand+in+hand+with_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _hereabouts_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _herein_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _herein_p_dir_rel := _herein_p_rel & dir_rel. _herein_p_state_rel := _herein_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _hither_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _hither_p_dir_rel := _hither_p_rel & dir_rel. _hither_p_state_rel := _hither_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _hitherward_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _home_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _home_p_dir_rel := _home_p_rel & dir_rel. _home_p_state_rel := _home_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _in+addition+to_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _in+back+of_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _in+back+of_p_dir_rel := _in+back+of_p_rel & dir_rel. _in+back+of_p_state_rel := _in+back+of_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _in+behalf+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _in+between_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _in+between_p_dir_rel := _in+between_p_rel & dir_rel. _in+between_p_state_rel := _in+between_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _in+case+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _in+connection+with_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _in+front+of_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _in+front+of_p_dir_rel := _in+front+of_p_rel & dir_rel. _in+front+of_p_state_rel := _in+front+of_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _in+general_a_1_rel := miscprep_rel. _in+lieu+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _in+part_p_1_rel := miscprep_rel. _in+particular_p_1_rel := miscprep_rel. _in+the+know_a_1_rel := miscprep_rel. _in+the+meanwhile_p_rel := miscprep_rel. _in_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _in_p_dir_rel := _in_p_rel & dir_rel. _in_p_state_rel := _in_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _in_p_temp_rel :< temp_loc_sp_rel. _in+regard+to_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _in+spite+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _instead+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _in+the+course+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _in+the+way+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _in+view+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _inside_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _inside_p_dir_rel := _inside_p_rel & dir_rel. _inside_p_state_rel := _inside_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _instead_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _into_p_rel :< dir_rel. _in+toward_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _just+like_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _less+than_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _like_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _maximum_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _meanwhile_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _midfield_p_rel :< state_loc_rel. _more+than_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _namely_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _nationwide_a_1_rel :< miscprep_rel. _near_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _near_p_dir_rel := _near_p_rel & dir_rel. _near_p_state_rel := _near_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _nearby_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _nearest_p_rel :< state_loc_rel. _next+to_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _next+to_p_dir_rel := _next+to_p_rel & dir_rel. _next+to_p_state_rel := _next+to_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _no+matter_p_rel := miscprep_rel. _notwithstanding_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _of_p_rel :< of_p_rel. _off-course_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _off-course_p_dir_rel := _off-course_p_rel & dir_rel. _off-course_p_state_rel := _off-course_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _off+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _off_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _off_p_dir_rel := _off_p_rel & dir_rel. _off_p_state_rel := _off_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _offshore_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _on_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _on_p_dir_rel := _on_p_rel & dir_rel. _on_p_state_rel := _on_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _on_p_temp_rel :< temp_loc_sp_rel. _on+behalf+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _on+board_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _on+foot_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _on+the+basis+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _on+the+part+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _once_p_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _onto_p_rel :< dir_rel. _onward_p_rel :< dir_rel. _onwards_p_rel :< dir_rel. _opposite_p_rel :< dir_rel. _other+than_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _out_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _out_p_dir_rel := _out_p_rel & dir_rel. _out_p_state_rel := _out_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _out+of_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _out+of_p_dir_rel := _out+of_p_rel & dir_rel. _out+of_p_state_rel := _out+of_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _out+of+doors_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _out+of+doors_p_dir_rel := _out+of+doors_p_rel & dir_rel. _out+of+doors_p_state_rel := _out+of+doors_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _outside_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _outside_p_dir_rel := _outside_p_rel & dir_rel. _outside_p_state_rel := _outside_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _outside+of_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _outside+of_p_dir_rel := _outside+of_p_rel & dir_rel. _outside+of_p_state_rel := _outside+of_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _over_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _over_p_dir_rel := _over_p_rel & dir_rel. _over_p_state_rel := _over_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _over_p_temp_rel :< temp_loc_sp_rel. _overboard_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _overland_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _overnight_a_1_rel :< adj_rel. _past_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _past_p_dir_rel := _past_p_rel & dir_rel. _past_p_state_rel := _past_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _per_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _per+centimeter_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _per+mol_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _per+second_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _previous+to_p_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _prior+to_p_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _rearward_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _rearward_p_dir_rel := _rearward_p_rel & dir_rel. _rearward_p_state_rel := _rearward_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _regarding_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _regardless+of_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _rightarrow_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _right+away_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _save_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _save+for_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _side+by+side_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _sideways_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _since_p_rel :< temp_loc_rel. _starboard_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _such+as_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _thanks+to_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _than_p_ind_rel :< miscprep_rel. _then_p_temp_rel :< miscprep_rel. _thereabouts_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _thereafter_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _therefrom_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _thereof_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _therein_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _therein_p_dir_rel := _therein_p_rel & dir_rel. _therein_p_state_rel := _therein_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _therewith_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _thither_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _thither_p_dir_rel := _thither_p_rel & dir_rel. _thither_p_state_rel := _thither_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _thitherward_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _though_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _through_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _through_p_dir_rel := _through_p_rel & dir_rel. _through_p_state_rel := _through_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _throughout_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _throughout_p_dir_rel := _throughout_p_rel & dir_rel. _throughout_p_state_rel := _throughout_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _to+do+with_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _to_p_rel := dir_rel & to_or_with_p_rel. _together_p_rel :< dir_rel. _together+with_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _too_a_also_rel :< adv_rel. _toward_p_rel :< dir_rel. _towards_p_rel :< dir_rel. _under_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _under_p_dir_rel := _under_p_rel & dir_rel. _under_p_state_rel := _under_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _underneath_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _underneath_p_dir_rel := _underneath_p_rel & dir_rel. _underneath_p_state_rel := _underneath_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _unlike_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _until_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _unto_p_rel :< dir_rel. _up_p_rel :< dir_rel. _uphill_p_rel :< dir_rel. _up+front_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _up+to_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _up+to+and+including_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _up+until_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _upon_p_rel :< state_loc_rel. _upstairs_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _upstream_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _upstream_p_dir_rel := _upstream_p_rel & dir_rel. _upstream_p_state_rel := _upstream_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _via_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _vis-a-vis_p_rel := miscprep_rel. _viz_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _whither_p_rel := dir_rel. _whence_p_rel := dir_rel. _with_p_rel := to_or_with_p_rel. _within_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. _within_p_dir_rel := _within_p_rel & dir_rel. _within_p_state_rel := _within_p_rel & state_loc_rel. _without_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _worth_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. _anymore_a_1_rel :< neg_polar_rel. _as+of+yet_a_1_rel :< neg_polar_rel. _at+all_a_1_rel :< neg_polar_rel. _ever_a_1_rel :< neg_polar_rel. _nomore_a_1_rel :< neg_polar_rel. _or+what_a_1_rel :< neg_polar_rel. _please_x_rel :< adv_rel. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; Determiner preds _a+little_q_rel :< explicit_quant_noagr_q_rel. _a+bit_q_rel :< explicit_quant_noagr_q_rel. _a_q_rel :< some_q_rel. _such+a_q_rel :< some_q_rel. _what+a_q_rel :< some_q_rel. _many+a_q_rel :< some_q_rel. _another_q_rel := some_q_rel. _any_q_rel :< any_q_rel. both_all_udef_q_rel :< quant_rel. both_all_q_rel :< both_all_udef_q_rel. _both_q_rel := basic_def_explicit_q_rel & both_all_q_rel. _each_q_rel :< explicit_quant_noagr_q_rel. _either_q_rel :< explicit_quant_agr_q_rel. _enough_q_rel :< explicit_quant_agr_q_rel. _every_q_rel :< every_q_rel. _half_q_rel :< explicit_quant_agr_q_rel. _less_q_rel :< explicit_quant_noagr_q_rel. _little_q_rel :< explicit_quant_noagr_q_rel. _more_q_than_rel :< explicit_quant_agr_q_rel. _neither_q_rel :< explicit_quant_noagr_q_rel. _no_q_rel :< no_q_rel. _some_q_rel :< some_q_rel. _some_q_indiv_rel :< some_q_rel. _such_q_rel :< explicit_q_rel. _that_q_dem_rel :< demon_far_q_rel. _these_q_dem_rel :< demon_near_q_rel. _this_q_dem_rel :< demon_near_q_rel. _those_q_dem_rel :< demon_far_q_rel. _twice_q_rel :< explicit_quant_agr_q_rel. _umpteen_q_rel :< explicit_quant_noagr_q_rel. _which_q_rel :< which_q_rel. _any+more_q_rel :< explicit_quant_agr_q_rel. _no+more_q_rel :< explicit_quant_agr_q_rel. _some+more_q_rel :< explicit_quant_agr_q_rel. _less+than+a_q_rel :< some_q_rel. _part_q_rel :< explicit_quant_noagr_q_rel. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; sentence-force preds iforce := predsort. basic-comm := iforce. prop-or-comm := iforce. prop-or-ques := iforce. prop-or-like := iforce. basic-prop := prop-or-ques & prop-or-like. punct-prop-comm := iforce. prop-comm := prop-or-comm & punct-prop-comm. prop := basic-prop & prop-comm. comm := basic-comm & prop-comm. abstr-ques := iforce. basic-ques := abstr-ques & prop-or-ques. punct-ques := iforce. ques := basic-ques & punct-ques. ; Subtype to distinguish complementizer "like" from "that", to block ; '*Kim said like Sandy left' and '*it looks that Sandy left" like-iforce := prop-or-like. ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ; pred sorts predsort := *sort*. non_number_rel := predsort. norm_non_num_rel :< non_number_rel. norm_rel := norm_non_num_rel. event_or_degree_or_no_rel := predsort. non_conj_rel := predsort. norm_non_conj_rel := non_conj_rel & norm_rel. event_or_degree_rel := norm_non_conj_rel & event_or_degree_or_no_rel. event_rel := event_or_degree_rel. ; Needed to divide two types of head-specifier phrases compos_spec_rel := predsort. ; Subtypes of this relation are the types for particle semantics in ; verb-particle constructions like _together_rel in "get together" ; DPF 15-Apr-01 - Removed ASPECT no_aspect, since want to let "of" be progr* ; to block e.g. "as of NP" selected_rel := event_rel. selected_adj_rel := selected_rel & abstr_adj_rel. selected_adv_rel := selected_rel & basic_adv_rel. selected_prep_rel := selected_rel & prep_rel. independent_rel := predsort. non_ellipt_rel := predsort. non_event_rel := norm_non_conj_rel & non_ellipt_rel. aux_or_ellipt_rel := event_rel. aux_event_rel := aux_or_ellipt_rel & non_ellipt_rel. aux_arg1_rel := aux_event_rel & v_event_rel. nonaux_event_rel := non_ellipt_rel. norm_non_ellipt_rel := non_ellipt_rel & norm_rel. non_freerel_rel := independent_rel. no_rel := non_freerel_rel & non_conj_rel & event_or_degree_or_no_rel & nonaux_event_rel & non_number_rel. ; Hack to prevent 'this/that' from being modified by non-wh rel clauses ; which it would do if this were instead a subtype of norm_rel. deictic_sg_rel := norm_non_num_rel. never_unify_rel := predsort. ; For appositives appos-able_rel := predsort. indef_or_udef_or_meas_rel := appos-able_rel. def_or_meas_rel := predsort. norm_dim_rel := norm_non_conj_rel. basic_event_dim_rel := norm_dim_rel & event_rel. non_event_dim_rel := non_event_rel & norm_dim_rel. quant_or_deg_rel := non_event_dim_rel. i_or_e_quant_or_deg_rel := quant_or_deg_rel. quant_or_wh_rel := quant_or_deg_rel. quant_rel := quant_or_wh_rel. non_freerel_q_or_meas_rel := non_freerel_rel. non_freerel_q_rel := non_freerel_q_or_meas_rel & quant_rel. impl_or_expl_q_rel := non_freerel_q_rel & i_or_e_quant_or_deg_rel. ; Used in bare plurals impl_or_proper_q_rel := quant_rel. ; Used for superlative adjs impl_or_the_q_rel := quant_rel. ; Used in appositive rule implicit_q_rel := impl_or_proper_q_rel & def_or_udef_q_rel & impl_or_the_q_rel. ; Used for heads of appositive phrases explicit_or_proper_q_rel := quant_or_wh_rel. explicit_q_rel := impl_or_expl_q_rel & explicit_or_proper_q_rel. ; Determiners with these relations show agreement with of_PP in partitives explicit_quant_agr_q_rel := explicit_q_rel. ; These don't explicit_quant_or_udef_noagr_q_rel := impl_or_expl_q_rel. explicit_quant_noagr_q_rel := explicit_q_rel & explicit_quant_or_udef_noagr_q_rel. ; For '(exactly) three chairs' num_q_rel := explicit_or_proper_q_rel & impl_or_expl_q_rel. ; DPF 19-Oct-02 - This is to allow not only ordinary bare plurals, but also ; "afternoons" which must be the one that takes an optional PP-of and ; usually requires a definite determiner (unless it's a bare plural) abstr_def_or_udef_q_rel := quant_rel. def_or_udef_q_rel := abstr_def_or_udef_q_rel & impl_or_expl_q_rel. def_or_proper_q_rel := abstr_def_or_udef_q_rel & def_or_meas_rel. udef_q_rel := implicit_q_rel & explicit_quant_or_udef_noagr_q_rel & indef_or_udef_or_meas_rel & both_all_udef_q_rel. some-any_q_rel := explicit_quant_agr_q_rel. some_q_rel := some-any_q_rel & indef_or_udef_or_meas_rel. any_q_rel := some-any_q_rel. every_q_rel := explicit_q_rel. no_q_rel := explicit_q_rel. def_q_rel := def_or_udef_q_rel & def_or_meas_rel. def_implicit_q_rel := def_q_rel & implicit_q_rel. basic_def_explicit_q_rel := def_q_rel & explicit_quant_noagr_q_rel & def_or_proper_q_rel & appos-able_rel. def_explicit_q_rel := basic_def_explicit_q_rel. ; Used only in MINORS.MIN nondef_explicit_q_rel := explicit_q_rel. ; Used for monthdet, to allow use of compositional head-spec rule, to allow ; "the January 11 meeting" defmonth_q_rel := compos_spec_rel & impl_or_proper_q_rel & basic_def_explicit_q_rel. ; Used by NP-N-cmpnd rule: meas_np_or_proper_q_rel := explicit_or_proper_q_rel. ; Used for lexical NPs including proper names ; It is distinct from i_or_e_quant_or_deg_rel to prevent relative clauses ; from attaching to proper names with no specifier. num_or_proper_q_rel := non_freerel_q_rel & def_or_proper_q_rel & explicit_or_proper_q_rel & appos-able_rel. proper_q_rel := num_or_proper_q_rel & impl_or_proper_q_rel. number_q_rel := num_or_proper_q_rel. ; For determiners that can appear e.g. with 'same' (also excluding 'both') def_or_demon_q_rel :< quant_rel. pronoun_q_rel := non_freerel_q_rel & def_or_demon_q_rel. demonstrative_q_rel := explicit_q_rel & def_or_proper_q_rel & def_or_demon_q_rel & appos-able_rel. demon_near_q_rel :< demonstrative_q_rel. demon_far_q_rel :< demonstrative_q_rel. basic_free_relative_q_rel :< explicit_quant_noagr_q_rel. free_relative_q_rel :< basic_free_relative_q_rel. free_relative_ever_q_rel :< basic_free_relative_q_rel. _the_q_rel := basic_def_explicit_q_rel & def_or_demon_q_rel & impl_or_the_q_rel & dofw_or_poss_or_def_q_rel. which_q_rel :< explicit_quant_agr_q_rel. _all_q_rel := explicit_quant_agr_q_rel & both_all_q_rel. _not+all_q_rel := explicit_quant_agr_q_rel & both_all_q_rel. idiom_q_i_rel :< implicit_q_rel. dir_state_modable_rel := predsort. modable_rel := basic_nom_rel & dir_state_modable_rel. ; nontemp_rel used to distinguish temporal nominal phrases from all others nontemp_or_conj_rel := norm_rel. nontemp_rel :< nontemp_or_conj_rel. instance_rel := independent_rel. basic_nom_or_mnp_rel := compos_spec_rel. basic_nom_rel := non_event_rel & instance_rel & basic_nom_or_mnp_rel. nom_or_mnp_rel := basic_nom_or_mnp_rel. nom_rel := basic_nom_rel & nom_or_mnp_rel. nonpro_or_refl_or_num_rel := predsort. nonpro_or_num_rel := nonpro_or_refl_or_num_rel. basic_nonpro_rel := nom_rel & nonpro_or_num_rel. ; Exclude relative pronouns and deictics, which can not take possessive 's. nonpro_rel := basic_nonpro_rel. abstr_meas_nom_rel := nom_rel. nom_nondim_rel :< nom_rel. non_temp_nom_rel := nom_nondim_rel & nontemp_rel. basic_non_temp_nonpro_rel := non_temp_nom_rel & basic_nonpro_rel. non_temp_nonpro_rel := basic_non_temp_nonpro_rel & nonpro_rel. reg_nom_rel := non_temp_nonpro_rel & reg_or_temp_nom_rel. modable_nom_rel := non_temp_nonpro_rel & modable_rel. unspec_diadic_nom_rel := nonpro_rel & nom_nbar_rel. reg_diadic_nom_rel := unspec_diadic_nom_rel & reg_nom_rel. basic_diadic_modable_nom_rel := unspec_diadic_nom_rel & modable_rel. diadic_modable_nom_rel := basic_diadic_modable_nom_rel & modable_nom_rel. basic_hcomp_nom_rel := non_temp_nonpro_rel & gen_nom_nbar_rel. hcomp_nom_rel := basic_hcomp_nom_rel & reg_nom_rel. hcomp_modable_nom_rel := basic_hcomp_nom_rel & modable_rel. nbar_or_nger_rel := nom_rel. nbar_or_dofm_rel := nom_rel. nominalize_rel := basic_hcomp_nom_rel & nbar_or_nger_rel. gerund_rel := non_temp_nonpro_rel. ; For SEM-I nominalization_rel := nom_rel. ; nom_rels for nouns that can undergo nbar-coordination (avoiding proper names) gen_nom_nbar_rel := nom_rel. ; nom_rels for nouns that can appear in noun_noun compounds (excluding e.g. ; number-nouns) nom_nbar_rel := gen_nom_nbar_rel & nbar_or_nger_rel & nbar_or_dofm_rel. norm_nom_or_place_rel := nom_rel. non_temp_nbar_rel := non_temp_nonpro_rel & nom_nbar_rel. norm_nom_rel := reg_nom_rel & non_temp_nbar_rel & norm_nom_or_place_rel. reg_or_temp_nom_rel :< nom_rel. temp_abstr_or_conj_rel := predsort. temp_abstr_rel := nonpro_rel & temp_abstr_or_conj_rel. temp_nondim_rel := temp_abstr_rel & gen_nom_nbar_rel & reg_or_temp_nom_rel. ; Used in NP-N-cmpnd rule, to include measure-NP phrases. named_or_meas_rel :< norm_rel. ; Used in munging rules to make reversible the implicit quantifier abstr_named_rel :< named_or_meas_rel. gen_named_rel := abstr_named_rel. named_np_or_num_rel :< gen_named_rel. abstr_named_np_rel :< named_np_or_num_rel. named_np_rel := abstr_named_np_rel & reg_nom_rel & norm_nom_or_place_rel. named_num_or_seq_rel :< nom_rel. ; DPF 03-may-04 ; Changed non_temp_nonpro_rel to nom_nocmpnd_rel, to prevent ; these from appearing in N-N-compounds named_num_rel := named_np_or_num_rel & nom_nocmpnd_rel & nonpro_or_num_rel & named_num_or_seq_rel & norm_nom_or_place_rel. num_seq_nom_rel := named_num_or_seq_rel & non_temp_nom_rel & named_np_or_num_rel. ;named_card_rel := named_num_rel & card_rel. named_times_rel := named_num_rel & times_rel. named_plus_rel := named_num_rel & plus_rel. elliptical_n_rel :< diadic_nom_rel. ; Relation used in decomposed lexical semantics, e.g. for 'when' temp_rel := abstr_named_rel & modable_rel & temp_abstr_rel. day_rel :< temp_nondim_rel. diadic_day_rel := day_rel & unspec_diadic_nom_rel & modable_rel. named_day_rel := diadic_day_rel & abstr_named_np_rel. ; Needs to inherit from both since we get "on the first day" but "in my day" unnamed_day_rel := diadic_day_rel & non_day_or_deg_rel & abstr_meas_nom_rel. ; DPF 10-Oct-02 - Need to allow measure-NPs to be complements of temporal "in", ; as in "I'll be finished in two chapters". non_day_or_deg_rel :< norm_rel. non_day_rel := temp_nondim_rel & non_day_or_deg_rel & abstr_meas_nom_rel. ;; day_of_month_rel ; DPF 03-may-04 - Replaced diadic_day_rel with day_rel,modable_rel to prevent ; these from being nom_nbar_rel, so they won't appear in compounds, among ; other unwanted places ; DPF 04-mar-06 - Added dofm_or_mofy_rel to capture the possible modifiees ; of n_year_le. dofm_or_mofy_rel := temp_nondim_rel. dofm_rel := day_rel & modable_rel & gen_named_rel & nbar_or_dofm_rel & dofm_or_mofy_rel. ;; Need supertype of dofw_rel and poss_rel and non-'the' quantifiers ;; for the specifier of the small class of words like "morning" as in "my ;; mornings" or "Tuesday mornings" dofw_or_poss_or_def_q_rel :< norm_rel. dofw_or_poss_q_rel :< dofw_or_poss_or_def_q_rel. ;; day_of_week_rel dofw_rel := named_day_rel & dofw_or_poss_q_rel. holiday_rel := named_day_rel. day_part_rel := diadic_day_rel. ; dim_rel: 'almost three o'clock' ; DPF 2-Apr-02 - Added type for hour_rel and _time_rel, to get both "at three" ; and 'at that time" while distinguishing "kim fell three times" from "*Kim ; fell three o'clock". Also include seasons, since 'at' uses this sort. hour_or_time_rel := predsort. hour_rel := temp_abstr_rel & hour_or_time_rel & nom_nbar_rel. _breakfast_n_time_rel :< hour_rel. _dinner_n_time_rel :< hour_rel. _lunch_n_time_rel :< hour_rel. _supper_n_time_rel :< hour_rel. _tea_n_time_rel :< hour_rel. _night_n_time_rel :< hour_rel. _minute_n_1_rel := hour_rel & non_day_diadic_modable_rel. ; a quarter till three ("till" is head - cf "come at a quarter till.") hour_prep_rel := hour_rel. gen_hour_rel := hour_rel. ; prep_rels that can modify hour times as in "ten minutes after five" minute_prep_sel_rel :< selected_prep_rel. numbered_hour_rel := hour_rel & abstr_named_rel. ; DPF 31-Jul-99 - Changed minute_or_ampm_rel to be non-temp, since it cannot ; appear after temporal prepositions (ignoring the elliptical "I'll see you ; in ten"), and we also need to block "from ten to eleven o'clock" with ; "ten" as minute. minute_or_ampm_rel :< nom_nondim_rel. ;modable_hour_rel :< non_day_diadic_modable_rel. ;modable_hour_or_time_rel := modable_hour_rel & hour_or_time_rel. am_pm_rel :< minute_or_ampm_rel. bc_ad_rel :< nom_nondim_rel. ctime_rel :< numbered_hour_rel. ; 'the morning', not 'some morning': 'in the morning' but 'on some morning' def_day_part_rel :< non_day_diadic_modable_rel. _afternoon_n_def_rel :< def_day_part_rel. _evening_n_def_rel :< def_day_part_rel. _morning_n_def_rel :< def_day_part_rel. _night_n_def_rel :< def_day_part_rel. _weekend_n_def_rel :< def_day_part_rel. non_day_diadic_rel := non_day_rel & unspec_diadic_nom_rel. non_day_modable_rel := non_day_rel & modable_rel & nom_nbar_rel. non_day_diadic_modable_rel := non_day_diadic_rel & modable_rel. non_day_time_rel := non_day_diadic_rel & modable_rel & hour_or_time_rel. ; "while" ;non_day_nonmodable_rel := non_day_rel & meas_nom_rel. ; mealtimes - disallow relative clause modification mealtime_rel :< hour_or_time_rel. ;; named_month_rel as in "January is fine" ;; DPF 13-Mar-02 - Changed parent non_day_diadic_modable_rel to ;; non_day_diadic_rel since we were overgenerating: "*Kim arrived June" in ;; order to admit "Kim arrived last June". Have to do something else to ;; allow the latter. mofy_rel := non_day_diadic_rel & abstr_named_np_rel & dofm_or_mofy_rel. yofc_rel := non_day_rel & abstr_named_np_rel. season_rel := non_day_modable_rel & gen_named_rel. season_nomod_rel := non_day_rel & gen_named_rel & hour_or_time_rel. ;age_rel :< non_day_nonmodable_rel. age_rel :< non_day_rel. _morning_n_1_rel :< day_part_rel. _afternoon_n_1_rel :< day_part_rel. _evening_n_1_rel :< day_part_rel. _night_n_1_rel :< day_part_rel. _weekend_n_1_rel :< day_part_rel. _noon_n_1_rel :< day_part_rel. _day_n_of_rel :< day_rel. _week_n_1_rel :< non_day_diadic_modable_rel. _month_n_1_rel :< non_day_diadic_modable_rel. _year_n_1_rel :< non_day_diadic_modable_rel. _quarter_n_temp_rel :< non_day_diadic_modable_rel. duration_rel :< temp_rel. named_rel := named_np_rel. named_city_rel := named_np_rel. named_abb_rel :< named_np_rel. named_n_rel := gen_named_rel & reg_nom_rel. gen_numval_rel := non_temp_nonpro_rel & nom_nbar_rel. ; For classifier nouns like "piece" or "pair" quantum_n_of_rel := reg_nom_rel. _pair_n_of-i_rel := quantum_n_of_rel. _piece_n_of-i_rel := quantum_n_of_rel. ; For X to Y constructions basic_interval_rel := unspec_diadic_nom_rel & abstr_named_rel. interval_rel := basic_interval_rel. ; For "to" of "May 23 to 25" interval_modable_rel := basic_interval_rel & modable_nom_rel. ; For determinerless-PP nouns ('within range') bare_nom_rel := non_temp_nonpro_rel. ; Disallow adjective modifiers ('at eye level' but '*at high level') bare_n_nmod_rel := bare_nom_rel & nbar_or_nger_rel. ; Disallow noun-noun compounding ('at close range' but '*at cellphone range') bare_n_jmod_rel := bare_nom_rel. ; Disallow any modification ('on top' 'of course') bare_n_nomod_rel := bare_nom_rel. n-ed_rel := non_temp_nbar_rel. mnp_symb_rel := abstr_meas_nom_rel & nonpro_rel. ; For 'it is a pleasure to visit abrams.' and 'Abrams is a pleasure to visit.' prednom_rel := nonpro_rel. pred_a_rel := independent_rel. ;; The relation event_or_mod_rel is designed to distinguish non-nominal signs, ;; including verbs, adjectives, prepositions, and adverbs. One use of this ;; distinction is for the conjuncts accepted by "but": "*Kim but Sandy left." event_or_mod_rel := predsort. mod_rel :< event_or_mod_rel. event_mod_rel := event_rel & mod_rel. event_arg_dim_rel := event_mod_rel & basic_event_dim_rel. event_dim_rel := basic_event_dim_rel & nonaux_event_rel. independent_mod_rel := independent_rel & mod_rel. abstr_excl_rel := independent_mod_rel. greet_rel :< abstr_excl_rel. excl_rel :< abstr_excl_rel. polite_rel :< excl_rel. ; For distinguishing passive from active VPs, needed for complement of "as" ; passive_rel := event_dim_rel. nonpass_rel := event_dim_rel. ; For adjectival pro-forms like "the last", and derived number-nouns, neither ; of which appear in N-N-compounds nom_nocmpnd_rel :< non_temp_nom_rel. num_nocmpnd_rel := nom_nocmpnd_rel & nonpro_rel & part_nom_rel. _one_n_1_rel := nom_nocmpnd_rel & nonpro_rel. basic_pron_rel := non_temp_nom_rel & abstr_named_rel. pron_rel := basic_pron_rel. ; DPF 9-oct-04 - Note that we don't parse "we showed the children themselves" ; since we want to block pronouns as second NP in double-NP constructions as ; for "*We sent the books them". refl_pron_rel := non_temp_nom_rel & nonpro_or_refl_or_num_rel. recip_pro_rel := basic_non_temp_nonpro_rel. generic_nom_rel := basic_non_temp_nonpro_rel. generic_entity_rel := non_temp_nonpro_rel. unknown_nom_rel := non_temp_nonpro_rel. basic_adj_rel := event_dim_rel & nontemp_rel & compos_spec_rel. abstr_adj_rel := basic_adj_rel & event_arg_dim_rel. adj_rel := abstr_adj_rel & independent_mod_rel. norm_adj_rel :< adj_rel. expl_adj_rel := basic_adj_rel & independent_rel. it_adj_rel := abstr_adj_rel. meas_adj_rel := abstr_adj_rel. adj_personal_rel :< adj_rel. adj_abstract_rel :< adj_rel. generic_adj_rel :< adj_rel. unknown_adj_rel :< adj_rel. verb_or_subord_rel := independent_rel & event_rel. verb_aspect_rel := verb_or_subord_rel. prog_rel :< verb_aspect_rel. v_event_rel := verb_aspect_rel & event_arg_dim_rel. mod_role_rel :< v_event_rel. nonaux_v_rel := mod_role_rel & nonaux_event_rel. no_role_rel :< mod_role_rel. weather_v_rel := no_role_rel & nonaux_v_rel. role_rel := nontemp_rel & nonaux_v_rel. modal_rel := aux_arg1_rel. _can_v_modal_rel :< modal_rel. _could_v_modal_rel :< modal_rel. _dare_v_modal_rel :< modal_rel. _may_v_modal_rel :< modal_rel. _might_v_modal_rel :< modal_rel. _must_v_modal_rel :< modal_rel. _need_v_modal_rel :< modal_rel. _ought_v_modal_rel :< modal_rel. _shall_v_modal_rel :< modal_rel. _should_v_modal_rel :< modal_rel. _used+to_v_modal_rel :< nonaux_v_rel. _had+better_v_modal_rel :< modal_rel. _would_v_modal_rel := modal_rel. ellipsis_rel := v_event_rel & aux_or_ellipt_rel. ellipsis_ref_rel := ellipsis_rel. ellipsis_expl_rel := ellipsis_rel. ; Used to ensure tag question agreement, but will not appear in RELS. have_aux_rel := v_event_rel & aux_event_rel. ; For infinitival relatives and purposive-to constructions: 'Kim is to stay' expected_event_v_rel := v_event_rel. ; Needed to allow filtering of the relations for "will" and "would" for VIT. will_modal_rel :< aux_arg1_rel. _will_v_aux_rel :< will_modal_rel. _going+to_v_modal_rel :< will_modal_rel. would_like_rel := predsort. generic_verb_rel :< event_dim_rel. unknown_verb_rel :< event_dim_rel. prep_rel := event_dim_rel. basic_prep_mod_rel := prep_rel & event_arg_dim_rel & independent_rel. prep_mod_rel :< basic_prep_mod_rel. nontemp_prep_rel := prep_mod_rel & nontemp_rel. poss_rel := of_p_rel & dofw_or_poss_q_rel. loc_abstr_rel :< prep_mod_rel. dir_or_state_rel := loc_abstr_rel & dir_state_modable_rel. dir_or_state_nontemp_rel := dir_or_state_rel & nontemp_prep_rel. dir_rel := dir_or_state_nontemp_rel & dir_or_unsp_loc_rel. state_loc_rel := dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. generic_loc_rel :< loc_abstr_rel. temp_loc_rel := loc_abstr_rel & independent_mod_rel. miscprep_rel :< nontemp_prep_rel. part_nom_rel := predsort. part_of_rel := reg_diadic_nom_rel & part_nom_rel. part_nc_rel := reg_nom_rel & nom_nbar_rel & part_nom_rel. diadic_nom_rel := reg_diadic_nom_rel & norm_nom_rel. loc_rel := dir_or_state_rel. dir_or_unsp_loc_rel :< prep_mod_rel. unspec_loc_or_mod_rel :< prep_rel. ; Used for implicit locative, as in "Kim arrived Tuesday" unspec_loc_rel := loc_rel & dir_or_unsp_loc_rel & independent_mod_rel & unspec_loc_or_mod_rel. unspec_loc_temp_rel := unspec_loc_rel & temp_loc_rel. ; Specific temporal locatives in, on, at temp_loc_sp_rel := unspec_loc_temp_rel. ; Decomposed rel for e.g. free relative "when" temp_loc_x_rel := temp_loc_rel. interval_p_start_rel :< miscprep_rel. interval_p_end_rel := miscprep_rel. ; for 'talk to/with X (about Y)', 'speak' etc to_or_with_p_rel :< dir_or_state_nontemp_rel. ; For "how" unspec_manner_rel :< miscprep_rel. basic_adv_rel := non_event_rel & nontemp_rel & event_or_degree_rel. abstr_adv_rel := basic_adv_rel & independent_mod_rel. abstr_adv_dim_rel := abstr_adv_rel & non_event_dim_rel. adv_rel :< abstr_adv_dim_rel. neg_rel :< abstr_adv_rel. generic_adv_rel :< abstr_adv_rel. unknown_adv_rel :< abstr_adv_rel. neg_polar_rel :< abstr_adv_dim_rel. long_r_rel :< abstr_adv_dim_rel. degree_rel := compos_spec_rel & independent_rel & event_or_degree_rel & i_or_e_quant_or_deg_rel & non_day_or_deg_rel. comp_degree_rel :< degree_rel. non_comp_degree_rel :< degree_rel. ; For the subset of specifiers needed for adjectives (but not, e.g., subconj) ; DPF 07-may-04 - Added non_temp_nom_rel to allow MNPs as complements of ; e.g. 'under' which wants non-temporal NP. Also blocks spurious parse for ; "kim sings in ten minutes" ; DPF 14-nov-05 - But this means degree_rels unify with nom_rels - undesirable. ; So try alternate approach to e.g. 'Kim hid under five feet of snow' much_or_very_deg_rel := degree_rel & nonpro_or_num_rel. more_or_very_deg_rel := degree_rel. ; For specifiers of adjectives deg_rel :< non_comp_degree_rel. very_this_that_rel := deg_rel & much_or_very_deg_rel & more_or_very_deg_rel. ; For specifiers of positive adjectives very_deg_rel := very_this_that_rel & ord_or_very_rel. ; For degree specifiers "this/that/too/as" as in "that much", "so tall" this_that_deg_rel :< very_this_that_rel. ; For 'more" with positive adjectives more_deg_rel :< more_or_very_deg_rel. ; For as..as, too..to comp_as_too_degree_rel := this_that_deg_rel & comp_more_less_rel. comp_more_degree_rel := much_deg_rel & comp_more_less_rel. enough_deg_rel :< degree_rel. ; For specifiers of superlatives: "very tallest", "next tallest" sup_deg_rel :< very_deg_rel. ; For specifiers of "the", including "only" and "just" just_only_degree_rel :< degree_rel. just_only_very_deg_rel := just_only_degree_rel & very_deg_rel. just_only_notvery_deg_rel := just_only_degree_rel. ; 'exactly in the center' just_only_much_deg_rel := just_only_notvery_deg_rel & much_deg_rel. just_only_deg_rel := just_only_notvery_deg_rel & deg_rel. ; For "how" degree specifier abstr_deg_rel :< this_that_deg_rel. ; For specifiers of comparative adjectives much_deg_rel := deg_rel & much_or_very_deg_rel & card_or_much_rel. ; To constrain adjectives to only take "much", as with modifiee of "than Sandy" much_deg_only_rel :< much_deg_rel. ; For specifiers of superlatives: "very tallest" "second tallest" ord_or_very_rel :< degree_rel. ; For specifiers of comparatives: "twenty more" card_or_much_rel :< degree_rel. ; For conjoined spr-less adjectives as in "sunny and cooler" ; DPF 5-Sep-03 - But this eliminates the blocking of inappropriate degree specs ; for head that want only one or the other. ;;very_and_much_deg_rel := very_deg_rel & much_deg_rel. ; For e.g. 'eightish' approx_grad_rel :< deg_rel. ; For syntactic rules (for indexing for generation) gen_deg_rel :< deg_rel. comparative_rel := comp_degree_rel. comp_more_less_rel := comparative_rel. _more_x_comp_rel :< comp_more_less_rel. _less_x_comp_rel :< comp_more_less_rel. comp_most_least_rel := comparative_rel. _most_x_comp_rel :< comp_most_least_rel. _least_x_comp_rel :< comp_most_least_rel. ; For measure-NPs and other degree specifiers: 'how tall' measure_rel :< non_comp_degree_rel. ;; For "how" adjective, which quantifies over properties. property_rel :< reg_nom_rel. prpstn_to_prop_rel := event_rel. comp_or_superl_rel := miscprep_rel. comp_rel := comp_or_superl_rel. superl_rel := comp_or_superl_rel. comp_less_rel := miscprep_rel. comp_equal_rel := miscprep_rel. comp_so_rel := miscprep_rel. comp_deg_rel := miscprep_rel. comp_too_rel := comp_deg_rel. comp_enough_rel := comp_deg_rel. difference_rel := miscprep_rel. all+too_rel := comp_deg_rel. ; Abstract prep relations ; Needed for idiosyncratic decomposition of "why" cause :< miscprep_rel. ; For identity, as with pronoun in tag questions. id_rel :< predsort. ; For tag questions: notionally, "isn't it the case that ..." ne_x_rel :< predsort. ; Added event_or_degree_or_no_rel to enable coordination of these guys subord_rel := verb_or_subord_rel. cop_id_rel :< v_event_rel. _be_v_id_rel :< cop_id_rel. _be_v_nv_rel :< cop_id_rel. ;;title_id_rel := cop_id_rel. person_name_rel := cop_id_rel. _colon_v_id_rel := cop_id_rel. unspec_adj_rel :< adj_rel. quantity_rel :< reg_diadic_nom_rel. prednom_state_rel :< reg_diadic_nom_rel. be_v_prd_rel := v_event_rel & aux_event_rel. ; Allow unification of KEYREL preds for predicative-cop with both id-cop and ; there-cop, in order to get tag question (which requires match on MIN) ; using only pred-cop in tags: "Everyone is Sara, aren't they?", and ; "There is a solution, isn't there?" be_v_id_rel :< cop_id_rel. be_v_nv_rel :< cop_id_rel. be_v_there_rel :< v_event_arg1_rel. be_v_prd-or-id_rel := be_v_prd_rel & be_v_id_rel. be_v_prd-or-nv_rel := be_v_prd_rel & be_v_nv_rel. be_v_prd-or-there_rel := be_v_prd_rel & be_v_there_rel. unk_n_rel :< norm_nom_rel. gen_currency_rel :< reg_nom_rel. ; To distinguish class of nouns that can serve as measure-NP PP-specifiers meas_nom_rel := reg_nom_rel & nom_nbar_rel & abstr_meas_nom_rel & indef_or_udef_or_meas_rel & non_freerel_q_or_meas_rel & def_or_meas_rel & named_or_meas_rel. unspec_rel := prep_rel. compound_rel := unspec_rel. argument_rel := unspec_rel. appos_rel := unspec_rel. compound_name_rel := compound_rel. ; For 'the term "whippletree"' term_rel := compound_rel. parenthetical_rel := unspec_rel. ; For n-ed as in "wide-eyed" unspec_mod_rel := unspec_rel & unspec_loc_or_mod_rel. ; For reflexive pro modification: 'you yourself' 'do it yourself' refl_mod_rel := unspec_rel. ; For instrumental relative clauses with_p_rel :< miscprep_rel. ; Relation introduced for tag questions probable_rel :< adj_rel. ; For comparative "as possible" (hack) possible_rel :< adj_rel. ; For how_about entries how+about_r_rel :< norm_rel. basic_conj_rel := non_freerel_rel & nontemp_or_conj_rel & temp_abstr_or_conj_rel. conj_rel := basic_conj_rel. implicit_conj_rel :< conj_rel. _and_c_rel :< conj_rel. _and+also_c_rel :< conj_rel. _and+so_c_rel :< conj_rel. _and+then_c_rel :< conj_rel. _and+finally_c_rel :< conj_rel. _and+not_c_rel :< conj_rel. _and+yet_c_rel :< conj_rel. _after_c_rel :< conj_rel. _as+well+as_c_rel :< conj_rel. _but_c_rel :< conj_rel. _but+also_c_rel :< conj_rel. _but+not_c_rel :< conj_rel. _but+then_c_rel :< conj_rel. _minus_c_rel :< conj_rel. _nor_c_rel :< conj_rel. _or_c_rel :< conj_rel. _or+else_c_rel :< conj_rel. _plus_c_rel :< conj_rel. _plus-minus_c_rel :< conj_rel. _rather+than_c_rel :< conj_rel. _then_c_rel :< conj_rel. _instead+of_c_rel :< conj_rel. _so_c_rel :< conj_rel. _versus_c_rel :< conj_rel. _except+that_c_rel :< conj_rel. _except_c_rel :< conj_rel. _not_c_rel :< conj_rel. _et+al_c_rel :< conj_rel. _etc_c_rel :< conj_rel. _to+name+a+few_c_rel :< conj_rel. _not+to+mention_c_rel :< conj_rel. _yet_c_rel :< conj_rel. _even_c_rel :< conj_rel. _albeit_c_rel :< conj_rel. ; For fragments discourse_rel :< conj_rel. ; For number sequences num_seq_rel :< conj_rel. abstr_place_rel := unspec_diadic_nom_rel & non_temp_nonpro_rel & norm_nom_or_place_rel & reg_or_temp_nom_rel. basic_place_n_rel := abstr_place_rel & abstr_named_rel. place_n_rel := basic_place_n_rel & modable_rel. _place_n_1_rel :< basic_place_n_rel. time_n_rel := modable_rel & temp_abstr_rel & independent_mod_rel. _time_n_1_rel :< time_n_rel. _awhile_n_1_rel :< time_n_rel. person_rel :< norm_nom_rel. thing_rel :< norm_nom_rel. manner_rel :< norm_nom_rel. reason_rel := norm_nom_rel. title_rel := basic_nom_rel. addressee_rel := basic_nom_rel. v_event_arg1_rel := aux_event_rel & v_event_rel. _be_v_there_rel :< v_event_arg1_rel. _be_v_itcleft_rel :< v_event_arg1_rel. _gotta_v_modal_rel :< modal_rel. _got_v_to_rel :< v_event_arg1_rel. lex_imp_rel :< nonaux_event_rel. _have_v_to_rel :< modal_rel. ; Want these to undergo the adj-coord rule integer_rel := compos_spec_rel & independent_mod_rel & event_arg_dim_rel. const_rel := integer_rel & gen_named_rel. plus_rel := integer_rel. times_rel := integer_rel. ord_rel := const_rel & ord_or_very_rel. card_rel := const_rel & card_or_much_rel. card_of_rel :< card_rel. ; DPF 23-May-03 - minute_n_rel is never in a predicative adjective lexeme, so ; we can identify its ARG0 with its ARG1, to allow ordinary cardinal adjectives ; to specialize to minute semantics and let hour-words get the ARG0 index of ; the minute_rel by asking for the lexeme's HOOK.INDEX which is reentrant with ; ARG1 like ordinary adjectives. minute_rel :< card_rel. range_num_rel :< const_rel. fraction_rel :< const_rel. unknown_rel :< v_event_rel. ; For QUE-word complements as in "what the hell" wh_the_hell_rel := predsort. _the+heck_x_rel := wh_the_hell_rel. _the+hell_x_rel := wh_the_hell_rel. _the+fuck_x_rel := wh_the_hell_rel. _on+earth_x_rel := wh_the_hell_rel. _oh+where_x_rel := wh_the_hell_rel. _in+the+world_x_rel := wh_the_hell_rel. _exactly_x_rel := wh_the_hell_rel. _else_x_rel := wh_the_hell_rel. punct_rel :< predsort. paren_rel :< punct_rel. hyphen_rel :< punct_rel. dbl_hyphen_rel :< punct_rel. idiom_expr := sign & [ IDIOM + ]. v_nbar_idiom := idiom_expr & [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.RELS ]. v_nbar_pp_idiom := idiom_expr & [ SYNSEM.LOCAL.CONT.RELS ]. ; Punctuation marks punctuation_min := *avm*. punctuation_min1 := punctuation_min & [ PNCTPR pnctpair ]. ; DPF 06-sep-07 - Added RCLSTR to record presence of right-half members of ; paired punctuation like parentheses. Needed independent of RPUNCT since ; these left-right pairs co-occur with commas, periods, etc. Also needed ; independent of PNCTPR/PAIRED since these features are concerned with ; matching up non-local requirements of RPUNCT on two distinct signs, as ; with matching commas for appositives. For now, only record right paren, ; since this is needed to constrain the "floating" rules for parenthesized ; sentences and nominals, as in "Kim (my cousin is a doctor) arrived"). ; punctuation := punctuation_min1 & [ LPUNCT basic_punct_mark, RPUNCT basic_punct_mark, PAIRED pnctpair, RCLSTR rpunct_cluster ]. rpunct_cluster := *avm* & [ RPAREN bool ]. no_punctuation_min := punctuation_min1. no_punctuation := punctuation & no_punctuation_min & [ LPUNCT no_punct, RPUNCT no_punct, PNCTPR ppair, RCLSTR.RPAREN - ]. basic_punct_mark := *avm* & [ PSF iforce ]. clause_or_semicol_or_no_punct := basic_punct_mark. clause_or_semicol_or_rbc := basic_punct_mark. clause_or_semicol := clause_or_semicol_or_no_punct & clause_or_semicol_or_rbc. comma_or_clause_or_pair_or_no_punct := basic_punct_mark. comma_or_rbc_or_clause_or_no_punct := basic_punct_mark. clause_or_pair_or_no_punct :< comma_or_clause_or_pair_or_no_punct. clause_or_no_punct := clause_or_semicol_or_no_punct & clause_or_pair_or_no_punct. comma_or_clause_or_pair_punct := comma_or_clause_or_pair_or_no_punct & hyphen_or_comma_or_pair_or_clause. comma_or_clause_or_no_punct := comma_or_clause_or_pair_or_no_punct & comma_or_rbc_or_clause_or_no_punct. comma_or_rbc_or_hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct := basic_punct_mark. comma_or_rbc_or_colon_or_pair_or_no_punct := basic_punct_mark. comma_or_hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct := comma_or_rbc_or_hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct. rbc_or_hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct := comma_or_rbc_or_hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct. hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct := comma_or_hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct & rbc_or_hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct. comma_or_rbc_or_pair_or_no_punct := comma_or_rbc_or_hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct & comma_or_rbc_or_colon_or_pair_or_no_punct. comma_or_rbc_or_no_punct := comma_or_rbc_or_pair_or_no_punct & comma_or_rbc_or_clause_or_no_punct. comma_or_pair_or_no_punct := comma_or_hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct & comma_or_rbc_or_pair_or_no_punct & comma_or_clause_or_pair_or_no_punct. rbc_or_pair_or_no_punct := comma_or_rbc_or_pair_or_no_punct & comma_or_hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct & rbc_or_hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct. rbc_or_no_punct := rbc_or_pair_or_no_punct & hyphen_sgl_or_rbc_or_no_punct. hyphen_sgl_or_clause_or_no_punct := basic_punct_mark. hyphen_dbl_or_clause_or_no_punct := basic_punct_mark. hyphen_sgl_or_rbc_or_no_punct := basic_punct_mark. 3dots_or_clause_or_no_punct := basic_punct_mark. comma_or_no_punct := comma_or_clause_or_no_punct & comma_or_pair_or_no_punct & comma_or_rbc_or_no_punct. hyphen_sgl_or_no_punct := hyphen_sgl_or_clause_or_no_punct & hyphen_sgl_or_rbc_or_no_punct & hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct. hyphen_dbl_or_no_punct := hyphen_dbl_or_clause_or_no_punct & hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct. 3dots_or_no_punct := 3dots_or_clause_or_no_punct. pair_or_no_punct := comma_or_pair_or_no_punct & hyphen_or_pair_or_no_punct & clause_or_pair_or_no_punct & rbc_or_pair_or_no_punct. no_punct := clause_or_no_punct & comma_or_no_punct & hyphen_sgl_or_no_punct & hyphen_dbl_or_no_punct & 3dots_or_no_punct & pair_or_no_punct & lparen_or_no_punct & rbc_or_no_punct & dq_or_no_punct. pnctpair := *sort*. no_ppair := pnctpair. ppair := pnctpair. punct_mark := basic_punct_mark. hyphen_or_comma_or_pair_or_clause := punct_mark. hyphen_or_comma_or_clause :< hyphen_or_comma_or_pair_or_clause. hyphen_sgl_or_clause :< punct_mark. hyphen_sgl := hyphen_sgl_or_clause & hyphen_sgl_or_no_punct & hyphen_or_comma_or_clause & pair_or_no_punct & comma_or_pair_punct. hyphen_dbl_or_clause :< punct_mark. comma_or_clause := comma_or_clause_or_no_punct & hyphen_or_comma_or_clause & comma_or_clause_or_pair_punct. comma_or_pair_punct := comma_or_pair_or_no_punct & comma_or_clause_or_pair_punct. comma_punct := comma_or_clause & comma_or_no_punct & comma_or_pair_punct. 3dots_or_clause :< basic_punct_mark. 3dots_punct := 3dots_or_clause & 3dots_or_no_punct & basic_clause_punct. basic_semicol_punct := clause_or_semicol & punct_mark. basic_clause_punct := clause_or_no_punct & clause_or_semicol & punct_mark. clause_punct := comma_or_clause & 3dots_or_clause & basic_clause_punct. semicol_punct := clause_punct & basic_semicol_punct. clause_sh_punct := hyphen_sgl_or_clause & basic_clause_punct. clause_dh_punct := hyphen_dbl_or_clause & basic_clause_punct. s_dash_punct := basic_clause_punct. colon_punct := comma_or_rbc_or_colon_or_pair_or_no_punct & basic_clause_punct & comma_or_clause_or_no_punct. pair_punct := pair_or_no_punct & comma_or_pair_punct. lparen_or_no_punct := basic_punct_mark. ; Include parent type dq_or_sq_or_no_punct for np_name_cmpnd (unused elsewhere) lparen_punct := pair_punct & lparen_or_no_punct & dq_or_sq_or_no_punct. ;rparen_punct := basic_clause_punct & pair_punct. rparen_punct := pair_punct. dq_or_sq_or_no_punct := basic_punct_mark. dq_or_no_punct := dq_or_sq_or_no_punct. dq_punct := basic_clause_punct & pair_punct & 3dots_or_clause & comma_or_rbc_or_clause_or_no_punct & dq_or_no_punct & hyphen_or_comma_or_clause. sq_punct := basic_clause_punct & pair_punct & dq_or_sq_or_no_punct. hyphen_dbl := hyphen_dbl_or_clause & hyphen_dbl_or_no_punct & hyphen_or_comma_or_clause & pair_or_no_punct. ; Robust punctuation rbcomma_punct := punct_mark & rbc_or_no_punct & comma_or_rbc_or_no_punct & clause_or_semicol_or_rbc. ; Inserted by preprocessor. cap_punct :< punct_mark. genre := *sort*. formal := genre. edited := formal. prescrip := formal. nonformal := genre. informal := nonformal. robust := nonformal. dialect := *sort*. us := dialect. br := dialect. uk := br. au := br. basic_root_synsem := canonical_synsem & [ LOCAL [ CAT [ HEAD verbal & [ VFORM fin_or_imp, TAM indic_tam ], VAL [ SUBJ *olist*, SPR *olist*, COMPS < > ], MC + ], CONT.HOOK.INDEX.SF #pred ], NONLOC [ SLASH 0-dlist & [ LIST < > ], REL 0-dlist & [ LIST < > ], QUE 0-dlist & [ LIST < > ] ], PUNCT.RPUNCT clause_or_pair_or_no_punct & [ PSF #pred ] ]. root_synsem := basic_root_synsem & [ LOCAL.CONJ cnil ]. basic_root_phr_synsem := basic_root_synsem & phr_synsem. basic_root_lex_synsem := basic_root_synsem & lex_synsem. root_phr_synsem := root_synsem & phr_synsem. root_lex_synsem := root_synsem & lex_synsem. ;;; =========================================================== ;;; tokens & chart mapping rules ;;; =========================================================== tok_min := *avm*. tok := tok_min & [ +IDS *list*, +FORM string, +STEM string, +INFLR string, +LEXID string, +CFROM string, +CTO string, +TNT tnt ]. tnt := *top* & [ +TAGS *list*, +PRBS *list* ]. ;;; =========================================================== ;;; chart mapping rules ;;; =========================================================== chart-mapping-rule := *top* & [ +CONTEXT *list*, +INPUT *list*, +OUTPUT *list*, +POSCONS string ]. ;;; input mapping rules: inplist := *list*. inpcons := inplist & *cons* & [ FIRST tok , REST inplist ]. inpnull := inplist & *null*. inpmap-rule := chart-mapping-rule & [ +CONTEXT inplist, +INPUT inplist, +OUTPUT inplist ]. inpmap-x11-rule := inpmap-rule & [ +CONTEXT inplist, +INPUT < tok & [ +CFROM #cfrom, +CTO #cto ] >, +OUTPUT < tok & [ +CFROM #cfrom, +CTO #cto ] > ]. inpmap-x12-rule := inpmap-rule & [ +CONTEXT inplist, +INPUT < tok & [ +CFROM #cfrom, +CTO #cto ] >, +OUTPUT < tok & [ +CFROM #cfrom, +CTO #cto ], tok & [ +CFROM #cfrom, +CTO #cto ] > ]. inpmap-x21-rule := inpmap-rule & [ +CONTEXT inplist, +INPUT < tok & [ +CFROM #cfrom ], tok & [ +CTO #cto ] >, +OUTPUT < tok & [ +CFROM #cfrom, +CTO #cto ] > ]. inpmap-101-rule := inpmap-rule & [ +CONTEXT < tok & [ +CFROM #cfrom, +CTO #cto ] >, +INPUT < > , +OUTPUT < tok & [ +CFROM #cfrom, +CTO #cto ] > ]. inpmap-102-rule := inpmap-rule & [ +CONTEXT < tok & [ +CFROM #cfrom, +CTO #cto ] >, +INPUT inplist, +OUTPUT < tok & [ +CFROM #cfrom, +CTO #cto ], tok & [ +CFROM #cfrom, +CTO #cto ] > ]. ;;; lexical mapping rules: lexlist := *list*. lexcons := lexlist & *cons* & [ FIRST word_or_lexrule_min, REST lexlist ]. lexnull := lexlist & *null*. lexmap-rule := chart-mapping-rule & [ +CONTEXT lexlist, +INPUT lexlist, +OUTPUT lexlist ].