[5-1 |] On IN on Ice NP Ice and CC and Snow NP Snow [5-2 |] Glacier NP Glacier Hiking VVG hike [5-3 |] Even RB Even if IN if you PP you have VHP have not RB not completed VVN complete a DT a glacier NN glacier hiking VVG hike course NN course or CC or are VBP be not RB not with IN with someone NN someone who WP who has VHZ have the DT the necessary JJ necessary knowledge NN knowledge about IN about movement NN movement on IN on glacier NN glacier ice NN ice , , , you PP you can MD can still RB still experience VV experience glacier NN glacier hiking VVG hike . SENT . [5-4 |] During IN during the DT the summer NN summer season NN season there RB there are VBP be guided VVN guide trips NNS trip across IN across certain JJ certain glaciers NNS glacier in IN in Jotunheimen NP . SENT . [5-5 |] Inside IN Inside the DT the area NN area of IN of Jotunheimen NP that WDT that is VBZ be described VVN describe in IN in this DT this pamphlet NN pamphlet , , , there EX there are VBP be guided VVN guide trips NNS trip on IN on the DT the Svellnosbreen NP glacier NN glacier from IN from Spiterstulen NP and CC and on IN on the DT the Veobreen NP out RP out of IN of Glitterheim NP . SENT . [5-6 |] Here RB here DNT NP OA NP also RB also arranges VVZ arrange glacier NN glacier hiking VVG hike courses NNS course each DT each summer NN summer ; : ; you PP you should MD should sign VV sign up RP up for IN for this DT this if IN if you PP you want VVP want to TO to learn VV learn more JJR more about IN about safe JJ safe movement NN movement on IN on glacier NN glacier ice NN ice . SENT . [5-7 |]

[5-8 |] Skiing NN skiing Trips NNS trip in IN in Jotunheimen NP [5-9 |] Summer NPS Summer in IN in Jotunheimen NP can MD can be VB be fairy NN fairy tale-like IN , , , but CC but it PP it is VBZ be certainly RB certainly not RB not a DT a bad JJ bad place NN place to TO to visit VV visit in IN in the DT the winter NN winter , , , either RB either . SENT . [5-10 |] Skiing NN skiing trips NNS trip in IN in the DT the high JJ high mountains NNS mountain requires VVZ require greater JJR great preparations NNS preparation and CC and skills NNS skill than IN than hiking VVG hike trips NNS trip , , , but CC but with IN with the DT the correct JJ correct equipment NN equipment and CC and sensible JJ sensible behavior NN behaviour , , , it PP it is VBZ be not RB not difficult JJ difficult to TO to go VV go from IN from lodge VV lodge to TO to lodge VV lodge in IN in the DT the wintertime NN wintertime . SENT . [5-11 |] It PP it is VBZ be of IN of course NN course possible JJ possible to TO to stay VV stay in IN in the DT the lodges NNS lodge and CC and take VV take day NN day trips NNS trip during IN during winter NN winter , , , as RB as well RB well . SENT . [5-12 |] In IN in this DT this part NN part of IN of Jotunheimen NP , , , the DT the following VVG follow routes NNS route are VBP be marked VVN mark in IN in the DT the mountains NNS mountain during IN during Easter NP Easter vacation NN vacation : : : [5-13 |] Gjendesheim/Bessheim NP - : - Glitterheim NP , , , Glitterheim NP - : - Spiterstulen NP , , , Spiterstulen NP - : - Leirvassbu NP , , , Leirvassbu NP - : - Gjendebu NP , , , Gjendebu NP - : - Memurubu NP , , , Memurubu NP - : - Gjendesheim NP , , , Memurubu NP - : - Glitterheim NP , , , Bessheim NP - : - Sikkilsdalsseter NP , , , Gjendesheim NP - : - Oskampen NP . SENT . [5-14 |] For IN for further JJ further details NNS detail , , , we PP we invite VV invite you PP you to TO to consult VV consult information NN information from IN from DNT NP before IN before each DT each winter NN winter season NN season , , , and CC and the DT the book NN book « ) « På NP ski NN ski i NNS I fjellet NN » ( » published VVN publish by IN by the DT the Tourist NP Tourist Association NP Association in IN in 1991 CD @card@ . SENT . [5-15 |]

[5-16 |] Equipment NN equipment for IN for Hiking VVG hike [5-17 |] The DT the weather NN weather in IN in the DT the mountains NNS mountain is VBZ be capricious JJ capricious and CC and changing VVG change , , , so RB so it PP it is VBZ be a DT a question NN question of IN of being NN being prepared VVN prepare for IN for most JJS most eventualities NNS eventuality . SENT . [5-18 |] Rain NN rain and CC and wind NN wind are VBP be something NN something one CD one can MD can « ) « count VV count on IN on » ( » , , , and CC and even RB even on IN on a DT a summer NN summer day NN day , , , it PP it may MD may snow NN snow . SENT . [5-19 |] Therefore RB therefore it PP it is VBZ be always RB always necessary JJ necessary to TO to take VV take along IN along a DT a change NN change of IN of warm JJ warm clothing NN clothing and CC and potable JJ potable water NN water - : - as RB as well RB well as IN as a DT a windbreaker NN windbreaker when WRB when you PP you are VBP be planning VVG plan to TO to make VV make a DT a lengthy JJ lengthy trip NN trip in IN in the DT the high JJ high mountains NNS mountain . SENT . [5-20 |] And CC and high JJ high quality NN quality footwear NN footwear is VBZ be a DT a must MD must . SENT . [5-21 |] Good JJ good footwear NN footwear is VBZ be half RB half the DT the trip NN trip . SENT . [5-22 |] During IN during the DT the summertime NN summertime , , , appropriate JJ appropriate footwear NN footwear is VBZ be probably RB probably the DT the single JJ single most RBS most important JJ important item NN item you PP you must MD must take VV take with IN with you PP you into IN into the DT the mountains NNS mountain , , , and CC and it PP it is VBZ be advisable JJ advisable to TO to consider VV consider carefully RB carefully when WRB when choosing VVG choose hiking VVG hike boots NNS boot . SENT . [5-23 |] For IN for most JJS most people NNS people , , , it PP it is VBZ be wise JJ wise to TO to choose VV choose sturdy JJ sturdy leather NN leather boots NNS boot , , , especially RB especially in IN in the DT the kind NN kind of IN of challenging VVG challenge terrain NN terrane one NN one finds VVZ find in IN in Jotunheimen NP . SENT . [5-24 |] Good JJ good boots NNS boot provide VVP provide support NN support for IN for the DT the legs NNS leg and CC and good JJ good friction NN friction against IN against the DT the ground NN ground . SENT . [5-25 |] They PP they will MD will keep VV keep you PP you dry JJ dry , , , both CC both from IN from moisture NN moisture from IN from the DT the outside NN outside and CC and perspiration NN perspiration inside NN inside , , , and CC and they PP they do VVP do not RB not have VH have to TO to be VB be especially RB especially heavy JJ heavy . SENT . [5-26 |] If IN if you PP you know VVP know that IN that the DT the trip NN trip generally RB generally will MD will run VV run through IN through very RB very wet JJ wet terrain NN terrane , , , rubber NN rubber boots NNS boot may MD may be VB be the DT the natural JJ natural choice NN choice of IN of footwear NN footwear , , , providing VVG provided you PP you have VHP have strong JJ strong legs NNS leg . SENT . [5-27 |] There EX There are VBP be also RB also those DT those who WP who use VVP use running VVG run shoes NNS shoe on IN on mountain NN mountain hikes NNS hike , , , regardless RB regardless of IN of weather NN weather . SENT . [5-28 |] Even RB Even though IN though the DT the course NN course they PP they plan VVP plan to TO to take VV take is VBZ be not RB not especially RB especially dry JJ dry , , , or CC or the DT the terrain NN terrane is VBZ be not RB not particularly RB particularly easy JJ easy to TO to hike NN hike , , , they PP they choose VVP choose sneakers NN sneakers . SENT . [5-29 |] If IN if you PP you have VHP have strong JJ strong legs NNS leg and CC and are VBP be not RB not afraid JJ afraid of IN of hiking VVG hike around RP around with IN with wet JJ wet feet NNS foot all DT all day NN day long RB long , , , this DT this of IN of course NN course is VBZ be a DT a choice NN choice you PP you can MD can make VV make . SENT . [5-30 |] As RB as with IN with other JJ other mountain NN mountain equipment NN equipment , , , footwear NN footwear also RB also entails VVZ entail finding NN finding something NN something that WDT that suits VVZ suit you PP you and CC and meets VVZ meet your PP$ your needs NNS need . SENT . [5-31 |] If IN if you PP you need VVP need to TO to buy VV buy new JJ new boots NNS boot before IN before the DT the trek NN trek , , , it PP it is VBZ be wise JJ wise to TO to have VH have broken VVN break them PP them in IN in beforehand RB beforehand . SENT . [5-32 |] Except IN except for IN for boots NNS boot , , , it PP it is VBZ be not RB not necessary JJ necessary to TO to buy VV buy expensive JJ expensive special JJ special equipment NN equipment to TO to go VV go hiking VVG hike in IN in the DT the mountains NNS mountain during IN during the DT the summer NN summer . SENT . [5-33 |] Most JJS most people NNS people take VVP take along IN along wool NN wool undergarments NNS undergarment , , , a DT a thick JJ thick shirt NN shirt , , , hiking VVG hike trousers NNS trouser and CC and a DT a warm JJ warm sweater NN sweater that IN that they PP they already RB already own VVP own . SENT . [5-34 |] Rain NN rain clothes NNS clothe and CC and a DT a hiking VVG hike jacket NN jacket are VBP be also RB also things NNS thing found VVN find in IN in most JJS most wardrobe NN wardrobe closets NNS closet . SENT . [5-35 |] If IN if you PP you bring VVP bring along IN along a DT a warm JJ warm cap NN cap and CC and a DT a pair NN pair of IN of mittens NNS mitten in IN in addition NN addition , , , then RB then you PP you are VBP be well RB well prepared VVN prepare for IN for most JJS most types NNS type of IN of weather NN weather ( ( ( see VV see the DT the list NN list of IN of equipment NN equipment below IN below ) ) ) . SENT . [5-36 |] DNT NP has VHZ have tested VVN test a DT a number NN number of IN of types NNS type of IN of mountain NN mountain gear NN gear and CC and can MD can offer VV offer additional JJ additional advice NN advice if IN if you PP you need VVP need to TO to inquire VV inquire . SENT . [5-37 |]

[5-38 |] List NN list of IN of Equipment NP Equipment for IN for Summer NPS Summer Hiking VVG hike Including VVG include Overnight JJ overnight Stays NNS stay in IN in Lodges NNS lodge [5-39 |] This DT this list NN list has VHZ have been VBN be compiled VVN compile by IN by the DT the Tourist NP Tourist Association NP Association based VVN base on IN on broad JJ broad experience NN experience regarding VVG regard what WP what is VBZ be sensible JJ sensible to TO to take VV take with IN with you PP you into IN into the DT the mountains NNS mountain on IN on a DT a summer NN summer day NN day . SENT . [5-40 |] If IN if the DT the weather NN weather is VBZ be warm JJ warm , , , you PP you 'll MD will carry VV carry more RBR more with IN with you PP you in IN in your PP$ your rucksack NN rucksack ; : ; if IN if it PP it is VBZ be colder JJR cold , , , you PP you will MD will wear VV wear more JJR more on IN on your PP$ your body NN body . SENT . [5-41 |]

[5-42 |] Clothing NN clothing : : : [5-43 |] Underpants NN underpants [5-44 |] Undershirt NN undershirt , , , short-sleeved JJ short-sleeve or CC or long-sleeved JJ long-sleeve ( ( ( wool NN wool or CC or other JJ other suitable JJ suitable fabric NN fabric for IN for the DT the mountains NNS mountain ) ) ) [5-45 |] Shirt NN shirt or CC or thin JJ thin sweater NN sweater [5-46 |] Trousers NNS trouser or CC or knickers NN knickers ( ( ( wool NN wool or CC or equivalent NN equivalent ) ) ) [5-47 |] Wool NP Wool socks NNS sock [5-48 |] Wool NP Wool stockings NNS stocking [5-49 |] Boots NP Boots [5-50 |]

[5-51 |] In IN in your PP$ your rucksack NN rucksack or CC or pockets NNS pocket : : : [5-52 |] Anorak/windbreaker NP [5-53 |] Windproof NP pants NNS pant [5-54 |] Cap NP Cap [5-55 |] Scarf NN scarf [5-56 |] Sweater/jacket NP , , , wool NN wool or CC or fleece NN fleece [5-57 |] Rainwear NN rainwear ( ( ( if IN if your PP$ your windbreaker NN windbreaker is VBZ be not RB not waterproof JJ waterproof ) ) ) [5-58 |] Reserve NP Reserve undershirt NN undershirt , , , wool NN wool or CC or other JJ other suitable JJ suitable material NN material suitable JJ suitable for IN for use NN use in IN in the DT the mountains NNS mountain ) ) ) [5-59 |] Long JJ long underpants NN underpants , , , wool NN wool or CC or other JJ other material NN material suitable JJ suitable for IN for use NN use in IN in the DT the mountains NNS mountain ) ) ) [5-60 |] Light NP Light indoor JJ indoor shoes NNS shoe [5-61 |] Light NN light indoor JJ indoor clothing NN clothing [5-62 |] Mittens/mitts NP [5-63 |] Shorts NP Shorts [5-64 |] Packed VVD pack lunch NN lunch [5-65 |] Thermos NN thermos [5-66 |] Map NN map and CC and compass NN compass [5-67 |] Map NN map case NN case , , , including VVG include pencil NN pencil and CC and paper NN paper [5-68 |] Mosquito NN mosquito repellent JJ repellent [5-69 |] Toilet NN toilet articles NNS article [5-70 |] Towel NN towel [5-71 |] Sheet NN sheet bag NN bag or CC or sleeping NN sleeping bag NN bag [5-72 |] First NP First aid NN aid kit NN kit [5-73 |] Waterproofing VVG waterproof for IN for boots NNS boot [5-74 |] Sun NP Sun glasses NNS glass [5-75 |] Sunblock NP [5-76 |] Reserve NP Reserve provisions NNS provision ( ( ( for IN for example NN example , , , chocolate NN chocolate ) ) ) [5-77 |] Matches VVZ match [5-78 |] Keys NP Keys ( ( ( to TO to the DT the cabin NN cabin , , , your PP$ your home NN home , , , your PP$ your car NN car ) ) ) [5-79 |] Membership NN membership card NN card for IN for the DT the Tourist NP Tourist Association NP Association [5-80 |]

[5-81 |] This DT this kind NN kind of IN of equipment NN equipment in IN in a DT a normal JJ normal rucksack NN rucksack weighs VVZ weigh 7-10 CD @card@ kg NN . SENT . [5-82 |]

[5-83 |] On IN on a DT a camping VVG camping trip NN trip in IN in the DT the mountains NNS mountain during IN during summer NN summer , , , you PP you must MD must also RB also bring VV bring along RB along : : : [5-84 |] Sleeping VVG sleep bag NN bag [5-85 |] Ground NN ground pad NN pad [5-86 |] Cooking NN cooking utensils NNS utensil and CC and fuel VV fuel [5-87 |] Plate NP Plate and CC and eating VVG eat utensils NNS utensil [5-88 |] Food NP Food [5-89 |] Tent NP Tent [5-90 |]

[5-91 |] Take VV take the DT the Children NNS child Along IN along to TO to the DT the Mountains NP Mountains [5-92 |] It PP it is VBZ be nice JJ nice to TO to take VV take the DT the children NNS child along RB along to TO to the DT the mountains NNS mountain . SENT . [5-93 |] It PP it provides VVZ provide a DT a new JJ new way NN way of IN of enjoying VVG enjoy nature NN nature for IN for us PP us grown-ups NNS grown-up , , , too RB too . SENT . [5-94 |] It PP it is VBZ be wise JJ wise in IN in the DT the beginning NN beginning , , , nevertheless RB nevertheless , , , to TO to plan VV plan to TO to stay VV stay in IN in a DT a tourist NN tourist lodge VV lodge and CC and make VV make day NN day outings NNS outing around IN around the DT the lodge NN lodge . SENT . [5-95 |] If IN if you PP you want VVP want to TO to trek VV trek from IN from lodge VV lodge to TO to lodge VV lodge with IN with the DT the children NNS child , , , you PP you should MD should proceed VV proceed cautiously RB cautiously . SENT . [5-96 |] Some DT some children NNS child are VBP be able JJ able to TO to hike NN hike from IN from lodge VV lodge to TO to lodge VV lodge when WRB when they PP they are VBP be five CD five years NNS year old JJ old ; : ; others NNS other may MD may not RB not be VB be very RB very interested JJ interested until IN until they PP they are VBP be eight CD eight or CC or nine CD nine . SENT . [5-97 |] It PP it varies VVZ vary from IN from child NN child to TO to child NN child , , , and CC and the DT the most RBS most thoughtless JJ thoughtless thing NN thing we PP we parents NNS parent can MD can do VV do is VBZ be to TO to force VV force a DT a child NN child to TO to take VV take trips NNS trip that IN that they PP they are VBP be unmotivated JJ to TO to do VV do . SENT . [5-98 |] In IN in the DT the beginning NN beginning , , , trips NNS trip of IN of two CD two to TO to four CD four hours NNS hour might MD might be VB be enough JJ enough . SENT . [5-99 |] Count NN count on IN on using VVG use twice RB twice the DT the number NN number of IN of hours NNS hour that WDT that are VBP be indicated VVN indicate on IN on the DT the map NN map in IN in the DT the back NN back of IN of the DT the pamphlet NN pamphlet . SENT . [5-100 |] You PP you will MD will need VV need to TO to allow VV allow for IN for frequent JJ frequent and CC and lengthy JJ lengthy rest NN rest breaks NNS break and CC and ample JJ ample time NN time for IN for admiring VVG admire nature NN nature and CC and making VVG make discoveries NNS discovery . SENT . [5-101 |] Children NNS child can MD can ask VV ask questions NNS question that IN that ten CD ten wise JJ wise men NNS man could MD could n't RB not answer VV answer , , , so RB so it PP it may MD may be VB be a DT a good JJ good idea NN idea to TO to prepare VV prepare oneself PP oneself a DT a little JJ little , , , for IN for example NN example by IN by taking VVG take along IN along a DT a little JJ little mountain NN mountain flora NN flora guide NN guide in IN in your PP$ your breast NN breast pocket NN pocket . SENT . [5-102 |] If IN if you PP you have VHP have thought VVN think a DT a little JJ little beforehand RB beforehand about IN about the DT the kinds NNS kind of IN of activities NNS activity the DT the family NN family can MD can enjoy VV enjoy along IN along the DT the trip NN trip , , , it PP it will MD will be VB be easier JJR easy to TO to motivate VV motivate small JJ small legs NNS leg for IN for renewed JJ renewed efforts NNS effort . SENT . [5-103 |] At IN at several JJ several of IN of the DT the tourist NN tourist lodges NNS lodge , , , conditions NNS condition are VBP be adapted VVN adapt for IN for families NNS family with IN with children NNS child . SENT . [5-104 |] Games NNS game and CC and children NNS child 's POS 's books NNS book are VBP be available JJ available to TO to borrow VV borrow . SENT . [5-105 |]

[5-106 |] Map VV map and CC and compass VV compass [5-107 |] The DT the maps NNS map in IN in the DT the back NN back of IN of this DT this book NN book are VBP be on IN on a DT a scale NN scale of IN of 1:100 CD @card@ 000 CD @card@ . SENT . [5-108 |] This DT this means VVZ mean that IN that every DT every centimeter NN centimetre on IN on the DT the map NN map is VBZ be equal JJ equal to TO to one CD one kilometer NN kilometre in IN in the DT the terrain NN terrane . SENT . [5-109 |] It PP it is VBZ be wise JJ wise to TO to plan VV plan and CC and complete VV complete trips NNS trip along IN along marked JJ marked routes NNS route . SENT . [5-110 |] If IN if you PP you are VBP be going VVG go to TO to hike NN hike off IN off the DT the trails NNS trail , , , I PP I recommend VVP recommend that IN that you PP you obtain VVP obtain a DT a map NN map on IN on a DT a scale NN scale of IN of 1 CD 1 : : : 50 000 NN . SENT . [5-111 |] There EX There are VBP be such JJ such maps NNS map covering VVG cover all DT all of IN of Norway NP Norway 's POS 's terrain NN terrane . SENT . [5-112 |] Even RB Even though IN though the DT the routes NNS route in IN in this DT this book NN book are VBP be marked VVN mark and CC and described VVN describe , , , there EX there is VBZ be no DT no doubt NN doubt about IN about the DT the fact NN fact that IN that a DT a map NN map and CC and compass NN compass should MD should always RB always be VB be taken VVN take along RP along on IN on a DT a trip NN trip . SENT . [5-113 |] There EX There are VBP be unfortunately RB unfortunately too RB too many JJ many people NNS people who WP who forget VVP forget this DT this , , , and CC and experience NN experience also RB also shows VVZ show that IN that many DT many who WP who take VVP take a DT a map NN map and CC and compass NN compass along RB along have VHP have n't RB not learned VVN learn to TO to use VV use them PP them . SENT . [5-114 |] If IN if you PP you are VBP be to TO to be VB be a DT a trustworthy JJ trustworthy guide NN guide in IN in the DT the mountains NNS mountain and CC and woods NNS wood , , , you PP you will MD will need VV need to TO to practice VV practice a DT a lot NN lot , , , and CC and it PP it is VBZ be here RB here that IN that many JJ many hikers NNS hiker are VBP be lacking VVG lack . SENT . [5-115 |] They PP they follow VVP follow the DT the markings NNS marking and CC and think VVP think that IN that it PP it is VBZ be marked VVN mark so RB so well RB well that IN that they PP they do VVP do n't RB not need VV need to TO to follow VV follow along RP along on IN on the DT the map NN map . SENT . [5-116 |] As IN as a DT a rule NN rule , , , the DT the trip NN trip is VBZ be successful JJ successful anyway RB anyway . SENT . [5-117 |] But CC but things NNS thing can MD can go VV go seriously RB seriously wrong JJ wrong if IN if you PP you do VVP do not RB not know VV know exactly RB exactly where WRB where you PP you are VBP be and CC and what WP what landmarks NNS landmark you PP you have VH have surrounding VVG surround you PP you . SENT . [5-118 |] As IN as you PP you follow VVP follow marked JJ marked trails NNS trail on IN on a DT a fine JJ fine sunny JJ sunny day NN day , , , you PP you should MD should now RB now and CC and again RB again benefit VV benefit from IN from the DT the occasion NN occasion to TO to train VV train yourself PP yourself , , , so RB so that IN that you PP you are VBP be sure JJ sure you PP you can MD can properly RB properly use VV use a DT a map NN map and CC and compass NN compass . SENT . [5-119 |] When WRB when a DT a storm NN storm breaks VVZ break , , , it PP it is VBZ be too RB too late JJ late . SENT . [5-120 |] If IN if you PP you lose VVP lose track NN track of IN of the DT the markings NNS marking - : - and CC and your PP$ your sense NN sense of IN of direction NN direction - : - it PP it may MD may be VB be a DT a matter NN matter of IN of life NN life and CC and death NN death to TO to know VV know where WRB where you PP you are VBP be on IN on the DT the map NN map , , , to TO to be VB be able JJ able to TO to set VV set a DT a course NN course with IN with your PP$ your compass NN compass and CC and find VV find your PP$ your way NN way back RB back to TO to the DT the marked JJ marked path NN path . SENT . [5-121 |] TRANSLATION NN translation MISSING VVG miss [5-122 |] Much RB much of IN of the DT the pleasure NN pleasure of IN of hiking VVG hike in IN in the DT the mountains NNS mountain is VBZ be to TO to become VV become familiar JJ familiar with IN with a DT a new JJ new area NN area , , , and CC and to TO to learn VV learn the DT the names NNS name of IN of mountains NNS mountain and CC and formations NNS formation you PP you pass VVP pass . SENT . [5-123 |] You PP you should MD should , , , therefore RB therefore , , , make VV make it PP it a DT a habit NN habit to TO to follow VV follow along RP along on IN on the DT the map NN map , , , so RB so that IN that you PP you always RB always know VVP know where WRB where you PP you are VBP be . SENT . [5-124 |]

[5-125 |] Setting VVG set a DT a Course NP Course [5-126 |] When WRB when you PP you want VVP want to TO to plot VV plot a DT a course NN course , , , you PP you proceed VVP proceed in IN in the DT the following VVG follow manner NN manner : : : [5-127 |]

[5-128 |] 1 CD 1 Place NN place the DT the compass NN compass on IN on top NN top of IN of the DT the map NN map . SENT . [5-129 |] Lay VV lay the DT the edge NN edge of IN of the DT the compass NN compass along IN along your PP$ your desired VVN desire course NN course , , , with IN with the DT the fixed JJ fixed directional JJ directional arrow NN arrow from IN from the DT the place NN place where WRB where you PP you are VBP be to TO to the DT the point NN point you PP you want VVP want to TO to reach VV reach . SENT . [5-130 |]

[5-131 |] 2 LS 2 Rotate VV rotate the DT the compass NN compass bowl NN bowl until IN until the DT the lines NNS line at IN at the DT the bottom NN bottom of IN of the DT the compass NN compass bowl NN bowl are VBP be parallel JJ parallel with IN with the DT the North-South JJ North-South lines NNS line on IN on the DT the map NN map . SENT . [5-132 |]

[5-133 |] 3 LS 3 Remove VV remove the DT the compass NN compass from IN from the DT the map NN map . SENT . [5-134 |] Keep VV keep the DT the compass NN compass horizontal NN horizontal and CC and turn VV turn your PP$ your body NN body until IN until the DT the moveable JJ movable arrow NN arrow in IN in the DT the compass NN compass bowl NN bowl is VBZ be parallel JJ parallel with IN with the DT the directional JJ directional arrow NN arrow at IN at the DT the bottom NN bottom of IN of the DT the bowl NN bowl . SENT . [5-135 |]

[5-136 |] 4 LS 4 Your PP$ your target NN target direction NN direction is VBZ be toward IN toward the DT the point NN point at IN at which WDT which the DT the fixed JJ fixed course NN course arrow NN arrow on IN on the DT the compass NN compass is VBZ be pointing VVG point . SENT . [5-137 |]

[5-138 |] In IN in the DT the Event NN event of IN of an DT an Accident NP Accident [5-139 |] Even RB Even though IN though most JJS most trips NNS trip in IN in the DT the mountain NN mountain conclude VVP conclude without IN without drama NN drama , , , you PP you should MD should be VB be prepared VVN prepare for IN for what WP what to TO to do VV do in IN in case NN case the DT the opposite NN opposite occurs VVZ occur . SENT . [5-140 |] Regardless RB regardless of IN of how WRB how well RB well organized VVN organize the DT the Norwegian JJ Norwegian Rescue NN rescue Service NN service is VBZ be , , , it PP it is VBZ be you PP you alone RB alone who WP who have VHP have the DT the responsibility NN responsibility for IN for avoiding VVG avoid situations NNS situation that WDT that lead VVP lead to TO to accidents NNS accident . SENT . [5-141 |] It PP it is VBZ be easier JJR easy to TO to act VV act correctly RB correctly , , , when WRB when the DT the forces NNS force of IN of nature NN nature are VBP be unleashed VVN unleash , , , if IN if you PP you have VHP have thought VVN think through IN through the DT the situation NN situation beforehand RB beforehand . SENT . [5-142 |] The DT the best JJS good way NN way to TO to handle VV handle dangerous JJ dangerous situations NNS situation is VBZ be to TO to learn VV learn how WRB how to TO to avoid VV avoid them PP them . SENT . [5-143 |]

[5-144 |] Basic JJ basic Rules NPS Rules of IN of First NP First Aid NP Aid [5-145 |] Naturally RB naturally the DT the same JJ same principles NNS principle for IN for life-saving JJ life-saving first JJ first aid NN aid apply VV apply in IN in the DT the mountains NNS mountain as IN as anywhere RB anywhere else JJ else : : : [5-146 |]

[5-147 |] 1. CD @ord@ Free NP Free the DT the air NN air passages NNS passage . SENT . [5-148 |] An DT an unconscious JJ unconscious person NN person must MD must be VB be placed VVN place on IN on his PP$ his side NN side in IN in a DT a stable JJ stable position NN position . SENT . [5-149 |] If IN if the DT the patient NN patient is VBZ be not RB not breathing VVG breathe , , , you PP you must MD must begin VV begin mouth-to-mouth JJ mouth-to-mouth resuscitation NN resuscitation . SENT . [5-150 |] If IN if the DT the patient NN patient does VVZ do not RB not have VH have a DT a pulse NN pulse , , , you PP you must MD must also RB also begin VV begin cardiac JJ cardiac resuscitation NN resuscitation . SENT . [5-151 |] 2. CD @ord@ Stop NN stop profuse JJ profuse bleeding NN bleeding . SENT . [5-152 |] Profuse JJ profuse , , , life-threatening JJ life-threaten bleeding NN bleeding must MD must be VB be stopped VVN stop as RB as soon RB soon as RB as possible JJ possible . SENT . [5-153 |] Use VV use a DT a pressure NN pressure bandage NN bandage or CC or a DT a tourniquet NN tourniquet . SENT . [5-154 |] 3. CD @ord@ Prevent VV prevent loss NN loss of IN of circulation NN circulation . SENT . [5-155 |] Try VV try to TO to keep VV keep the DT the patient JJ patient calm NN calm . SENT . [5-156 |] Place VV place him PP him with IN with his PP$ his feet NNS foot elevated VVD elevate if IN if need VVP need be VB be . SENT . [5-157 |] Wrap VV wrap the DT the patient NN patient in IN in warm JJ warm clothing NN clothing , , , a DT a sleeping VVG sleep bag NN bag or CC or blanket NN blanket . SENT . [5-158 |] 4. CD @ord@ Prevent VV prevent infection NN infection . SENT . [5-159 |] Cover VV cover open JJ open wounds NNS wound , , , preferably RB preferably with IN with sterile JJ sterile bandages NNS bandage . SENT . [5-160 |] Splint NN splint or CC or stabilize VV stabilize fractures NNS fracture so IN so that DT that transportation NN transportation of IN of the DT the patient NN patient can MD can be VB be done VVN do as RB as gently RB gently as RB as possible JJ possible . SENT . [5-161 |] 5. CD @ord@ Transportation NP Transportation . SENT . [5-162 |] Call NN call for IN for help NN help at IN at Tel NP Tel . SENT . 112 CD @card@ ( ( ( police NN police , , , emergency NN emergency rescue NN rescue services NNS service ) ) ) or CC or 113 CD @card@ ( ( ( doctor NN doctor , , , ambulance NN ambulance ) ) ) , , , using VVG use , , , for IN for example NN example , , , the DT the staffed VVN staff lodges NNS lodge , , , and CC and get VV get ready JJ ready to TO to evacuate VV evacuate the DT the patient NN patient once IN once his PP$ his condition NN condition is VBZ be stable JJ stable . SENT . [5-163 |] Remember VV remember that IN that you PP you ca MD ca n't RB not depend VV depend on IN on cell NN cell phone NN phone coverage NN coverage in IN in all DT all areas NNS area of IN of the DT the mountains NNS mountain . SENT . [5-164 |]

[5-165 |] Blisters VVZ blister [5-166 |] The DT the mountain NN mountain hikers NNS hiker ' POS ' most RBS most common JJ common affliction NN affliction is VBZ be easier JJR easy to TO to prevent VV prevent than IN than cure NN cure . SENT . [5-167 |] Blisters NNS blister usually RB usually occur VVP occur where WRB where the DT the boot NN boot chafes VVZ chafe against IN against the DT the foot NN foot , , , on IN on the DT the heel NN heel , , , arch NN arch and CC and underside NN underside of IN of the DT the toes NNS toe . SENT . [5-168 |] Places NNS place that WDT that begin VVP begin to TO to become VV become red JJ red because IN because of IN of chafing VVG chafe should MD should be VB be covered VVN cover with IN with a DT a wide JJ wide adhesive NN adhesive bandage NN bandage , , , sports NNS sport tape NN tape or CC or specially RB specially made VVN make blister NN blister bandages NNS bandage . SENT . [5-169 |] Places NNS place exposed VVN expose to TO to pressure NN pressure should MD should be VB be padded VVN pad so RB so that IN that the DT the pressure NN pressure is VBZ be evenly RB evenly distributed VVN distribute . SENT . [5-170 |] If IN if you PP you know VVP know that IN that you PP you blister VV blister easily RB easily , , , or CC or have VHP have boots NNS boot that WDT that irritate VV irritate certain JJ certain parts NNS part of IN of your PP$ your feet NNS foot , , , it PP it is VBZ be just RB just as RB as well RB well to TO to bandage VV bandage exposed VVN expose areas NNS area before IN before you PP you set VVD set out RP out on IN on the DT the hike NN hike . SENT . [5-171 |] If IN if you PP you have VHP have new JJ new boots NNS boot that WDT that have VHP have not RB not been VBN be broken VVN break in IN in well RB well , , , you PP you should MD should be VB be particularly RB particularly watchful JJ watchful for IN for signs NNS sign of IN of blisters NNS blister . SENT . [5-172 |] If IN if you PP you already RB already have VHP have a DT a pus-filled VVN blister NN blister , , , you PP you can MD can pierce VV pierce it PP it or CC or cut VV cut a DT a hole NN hole in IN in the DT the blister NN blister with IN with a DT a sterilized VVN sterilize knife NN knife , , , needle NN needle or CC or scissors NN scissors . SENT . [5-173 |] Next IN Next you PP you need VVP need to TO to cut VV cut a DT a bandage NN bandage or CC or piece NN piece of IN of foam NN foam rubber NN rubber and CC and place VV place it PP it so RB so that IN that it PP it covers VVZ cover the DT the wound NN wound and CC and you PP you will MD will not RB not have VH have any DT any direct JJ direct pressure NN pressure that WDT that might MD might further RB farther irritate VV irritate it PP it when WRB when you PP you continue VVP continue hiking VVG hike . SENT .