[6-1 |] Hike NN hike guide NN guide [6-2 |] Preikestolen NP [6-3 |]

[6-4 |] Foreword NN foreword [6-5 |]

[6-6 |] Gaz NP Gaz de FW de France NP France and CC and Stavanger NP Stavanger Turistforening NP are VBP be pleased VVN please that IN that together RB together we PP we can MD can offer VV offer this DT this Guide NP Guide for IN for tours NNS tour to TO to Preikestolen NP . SENT . [6-7 |] As IN as a DT a foreign JJ foreign company NN company in IN in Norway NP Norway , , , Gaz NP Gaz de NP de France NP France is VBZ be particularly RB particularly pleased VVN please that IN that the DT the Guide NP Guide has VHZ have been VBN be published VVN publish in IN in several JJ several languages NNS language , , , including VVG include French JJ French . SENT . [6-8 |]

[6-9 |] The DT the publication NN publication represents VVZ represent the DT the first JJ first visible JJ visible result NN result of IN of the DT the cooperation NN cooperation that IN that in IN in October NP October 2003 CD @card@ was VBD be established VVN establish between IN between Den NP Den Norske NP Norske Turistforening NP ( ( ( DNT NP ) ) ) , , , the DT the Gaz NP Gaz de NP de France NP France Foundation NP Foundation , , , and CC and the DT the French JJ French Hiking VVG hike Federation NP Federation ( ( ( FFRP NP ) ) ) . SENT . [6-10 |]

[6-11 |] We PP we hope VVP hope and CC and believe VVP believe that IN that this DT this Guide NP Guide will MD will make VV make the DT the splendid JJ splendid tour NN tour to TO to Preikestolen VV even RB even more RBR more interesting JJ interesting . SENT . [6-12 |]

[6-13 |] Bonne NN bonne randonnee NN ! SENT ! [6-14 |] Happy JJ happy hiking VVG hike ! SENT ! [6-15 |]

[6-16 |] Welcome JJ welcome to TO to Norway NP Norway 's POS 's most RBS most colorful JJ colorful hike NN hike destination NN destination ! SENT ! [6-17 |] Each DT each year NN year , , , about RB about 100,000 CD @card@ people NNS people visit VVP visit Preikestolen NP . SENT . [6-18 |] The DT the map NN map of IN of the DT the world NN world hanging VVG hang at IN at Preikestolhytta NP shows VVZ show that IN that people NNS people from IN from all DT all parts NNS part of IN of the DT the globe NN globe come VVN come to TO to experience VV experience this DT this spectacular JJ spectacular mountain NN mountain formation NN formation . SENT . [6-19 |] Many JJ Many guests NNS guest place VVP place pins NNS pin at IN at their PP$ their home NN home towns NNS town . SENT . [6-20 |] Every DT every year NN year , , , Europe NP Europe is VBZ be covered VVN cover by IN by pinheads NNS pinhead , , , but CC but otherwise RB otherwise , , , the DT the map NN map shows VVZ show a DT a colorful JJ colorful community NN community . SENT . [6-21 |] Australia NP Australia , , , South NP South Africa NP Africa , , , Uruguay NP Uruguay , , , China NP China , , , New NP New Zealand NP Zealand , , , Mongolia NP Mongolia , , , Kenya NP Kenya , , , Nepal NP Nepal , , , Canada NP Canada , , , Saudi-Arabia NP , , , and CC and a DT a long JJ long list NN list of IN of other JJ other countries NNS country have VHP have been VBN be represented VVN represent . SENT . [6-22 |] And CC and in IN in the DT the lodge NN lodge register NN register , , , many JJ many say VVP say that IN that they PP they literally RB literally experience VVP experience the DT the tour NN tour to TO to Preikestolen NP as IN as the DT the high JJ high point NN point of IN of their PP$ their visit NN visit to TO to Norway NP Norway . SENT . [6-23 |]

[6-24 |] The DT the hike NN hike starts VVZ start at IN at Preikestolhytta NP [6-25 |] The DT the hiking VVG hike trail NN trail to TO to Preikestolen NP itself PP itself starts VVZ start at IN at Preikestolhytta NP . SENT . [6-26 |] Here RB here arrangements NNS arrangement have VHP have been VBN be made VVN make to TO to receive VV receive the DT the many JJ many small JJ small and CC and adult JJ adult hikers NNS hiker who WP who want VVP want to TO to take VV take the DT the trip NN trip out RP out to TO to the DT the mighty JJ mighty mountain NN mountain formation NN formation . SENT . [6-27 |]

[6-28 |] 400 CD @card@ parking NN parking places NNS place . SENT . [6-29 |] Fees NNS fee [6-30 |]

[6-31 |] In IN in the DT the summer NN summer season NN season , , , there EX there are VBP be busses NNS buss to TO to and CC and from IN from Tau NP Tau and CC and Jørpeland NP several JJ several times NNS time a DT a day NN day . SENT . [6-32 |] Schedule NN schedule information NN information : : : Østerhus NN bilruter NN , , , Tel NP Tel : : : 51 CD @card@ 74 CD @card@ 02 CD @card@ 40 CD @card@ [6-33 |]

[6-34 |] Jørpeland NP taxi NN taxi , , , Tel NP Tel : : : 51 CD @card@ 74 CD @card@ 71 CD @card@ 86 CD @card@ [6-35 |]

[6-36 |] Preikestolen NP [6-37 |]

[6-38 |] Open NP Open in IN in the DT the summer NN summer season NN season [6-39 |]

[6-40 |] Open JJ open in IN in the DT the summer NN summer season NN season [6-41 |] Sale NN sale of IN of soft JJ soft drinks NNS drink , , , ice NN ice cream NN cream , , , film NN film , , , jogging VVG jog shoes NNS shoe , , , souvenirs NNS souvenir , , , postcards NNS postcard , , , Preikestol JJ diplomas NNS diploma , , , maps NNS map , , , guides NNS guide [6-42 |]

[6-43 |] Preikestolhytta NP : : : www.preikestolhytta.no NP [6-44 |] Preikestolhytta@enter.vg NP [6-45 |] Tel NP Tel : : : 97165551 CD @card@ [6-46 |] Lodgings NNS lodging [6-47 |] Open JJ open mid JJ mid May NP May - : - mid JJ mid September NP September [6-48 |] Discount NN discount for IN for members NNS member of IN of Turistforening NP or CC or Vandrerhjem NP [6-49 |]

[6-50 |] Breakfast NN breakfast from IN from 08:00 CD @card@ - : - 10:00 CD @card@ a.m. NN a.m. [6-51 |] Lunch NN lunch dishes/Snacks NNS : : : from IN from 12 CD @card@ - : - 16 CD @card@ and CC and from IN from 20 CD @card@ - : - 21 CD @card@ [6-52 |] Dinner NN dinner service NN service : : : from IN from 16 CD @card@ - : - 20 CD @card@ [6-53 |] beer NN beer and CC and wine NN wine licensed VVD license [6-54 |]

[6-55 |] Rentals NNS rental [6-56 |]

[6-57 |] fishing VVG fish gear NN gear rentals NNS rental [6-58 |] Trout NP Trout in IN in Refsvatn NP [6-59 |] Open NP Open rod NN ranging fishing NN fishing in IN in the DT the northern JJ northern end NN end of IN of the DT the lake NN lake [6-60 |]

[6-61 |] Family-friendly JJ sandy JJ sandy beach NN beach just RB just below IN below Preikestolhytta NP [6-62 |]

[6-63 |] Preikestolhytta NP was VBD be built VVN build at IN at the DT the Vatne NP mountain NN mountain farm NN farm [6-64 |] Around IN around 1900 CD @card@ , , , the DT the first JJ first tourists NNS tourist made VVD make their PP$ their way NN way up RP up to TO to Preikestolen NP . SENT . [6-65 |] Most RBS most needed VVN need lodgings NNS lodging to TO to complete VV complete the DT the tour NN tour , , , and CC and in IN in 1920 CD @card@ Stavanger NP Stavanger Turistforening NP ( ( ( STF NP ) ) ) had VHD have 3 CD 3 rooms NNS room fitted VVN fit out RP out for IN for tourists NNS tourist at IN at the DT the roadless JJ roadless Vatne NP mountain NN mountain farm NN farm . SENT . [6-66 |] In IN in 1925 CD @card@ , , , a DT a tourist NN tourist station NN station also RB also was VBD be set VVN set up RP up at IN at the DT the Torsnes NP farm NN farm in IN in at IN at Refsvatnet NP . SENT . [6-67 |]

[6-68 |] The DT the stream NN stream of IN of tourists NNS tourist gradually RB gradually increased VVN increase , , , and CC and especially RB especially in IN in springtime NN springtime , , , Vatne NP and CC and Torsnes NP could MD could be VB be overcrowded VVN overcrowd with IN with people NNS people on IN on their PP$ their way NN way to TO to Preikestolen NP . SENT . [6-69 |] As RB as early RB early as IN as the DT the 1920s NNS 1920s , , , more JJR more than IN than 100 CD @card@ guest NN guest nights NNS night were VBD be reported VVN report at IN at Torsnes NP . SENT . [6-70 |] In IN in 1949 CD @card@ , , , STF NP built VVD build Preikestolhytta NP close NN close by IN by the DT the farmhouse NN farmhouse at IN at Vatne NP . SENT . [6-71 |] Building VVG build so RB so large JJ large a DT a lodge VV lodge deep RB deep in IN in the DT the mountains NNS mountain was VBD be a DT a considerable JJ considerable accomplishment NN accomplishment for IN for Turistforeningen NP . SENT . [6-72 |] All DT all transportation NN transportation was VBD be undertaken VVN undertake from IN from Lysefjorden NP . SENT . [6-73 |] A DT a dock NN dock at IN at Refså NP on IN on Lysefjorden NP and CC and a DT a powered VVN power aerial JJ aerial cableway NN cableway from IN from the DT the fjord NN fjord up IN up the DT the steep JJ steep hillside NN hillside to TO to Refsvatnet NP were VBD be built VVN build . SENT . [6-74 |] A DT a motorboat NN motorboat carried VVD carry people NNS people and CC and goods NNS good across IN across the DT the lake NN lake . SENT . [6-75 |] Lumber NN lumber for IN for the DT the lodge NN lodge was VBD be cut VVN cut in IN in private JJ private woods NNS wood and CC and a DT a sawmill NN sawmill was VBD be built VVN build down RP down at IN at the DT the lake NN lake . SENT . [6-76 |] In IN in 1961 CD @card@ , , , a DT a road NN road was VBD be built VVN build up RP up to TO to the DT the lodge VV lodge . SENT . [6-77 |] Then RB then Preikestolen NP could MD could be VB be reached VVN reach on IN on a DT a day NN day hike NN hike . SENT . [6-78 |] The DT the influx NN influx of IN of people NNS people went VVD go up RP up , , , year NN year by IN by year NN year . SENT . [6-79 |] A DT a new JJ new epoch NN epoch began VVD begin . SENT . [6-80 |]

[6-81 |] Vatnegarden NP was VBD be cleared VVN clear in IN in the DT the 19th JJ 19th century NN century [6-82 |] Still RB still there EX there are VBP be many JJ many traces NNS trace of IN of the DT the old JJ old mountain NN mountain farm NN farm at IN at Vatne NP . SENT . [6-83 |] The DT the farmhouse NN farmhouse still RB still stands VVZ stand and CC and now RB now is VBZ be used VVN use as IN as lodgings NNS lodging for IN for those DT those who WP who wish VVP wish to TO to shift VV shift for IN for themselves PP themselves . SENT . [6-84 |] In IN in surrounding VVG surround pastures NNS pasture , , , house NN house sites NNS site , , , stone NN stone walls NNS wall and CC and cleared VVN clear stone NN stone heaps NNS heap tell VVP tell of IN of work NN work and CC and toil VVP toil through IN through generations NNS generation . SENT . [6-85 |]

[6-86 |] Vatne NP lies VVZ lie beautifully RB beautifully placed VVN place on IN on the DT the dry JJ dry sunlit JJ sunlit slope NN slope north NN north of IN of Refsvatnet NP . SENT . [6-87 |] Here RB here the DT the fields NNS field were VBD be larger JJR large and CC and the DT the soil NN soil deeper JJR deep than IN than at IN at the DT the other JJ other mountain NN mountain farms NNS farm in IN in here RB here , , , Torsnes NP . SENT . [6-88 |] The DT the first JJ first to TO to frequent JJ frequent the DT the area NN area is VBZ be said VVN say to TO to have VH have been VBN be an DT an outlaw NN outlaw , , , but CC but not RB not till IN till the DT the early JJ early 19th JJ 19th century NN century do VVP do written JJ written sources NNS source record NN record farmers NNS farmer at IN at Vatne NP . SENT . [6-89 |] Tollag NP Ellingson NP Ellingson from IN from Kalleli NP on IN on Lysefjorden NP moved VVD move here RB here in IN in 1810 CD @card@ . SENT . [6-90 |] He PP he had VHD have 6 CD 6 children NNS child , , , but CC but two CD two or CC or three CD three of IN of the DT the children NNS child died VVD die before IN before adulthood NN adulthood . SENT . [6-91 |] In IN in 1875 CD @card@ there EX there was VBD be a DT a census NN census of IN of Vatne NP . SENT . [6-92 |] The DT the following VVG follow persons NNS person then RB then were VBD be there EX there : : : Elling NP Elling Tollefsen NP Tollefsen , , , head NN head of IN of a DT a family NN family . SENT . [6-93 |] In IN in addition NN addition his PP$ his wife NN wife , , , servant NN servant girl NN girl , , , and CC and a DT a pauper NN pauper woman NN woman 80 CD @card@ years NNS year old JJ old . SENT . [6-94 |] Jonas NP Jonas Aslaksen NP , , , head NN head of IN of a DT a family NN family . SENT . [6-95 |] In IN in addition NN addition his PP$ his wife NN wife , , , son/hired JJ hand NN hand Guttorm NN , , , and CC and foster JJ foster daughter NN daughter Inger NP Inger . SENT . [6-96 |] The DT the following VVG follow animals NNS animal were VBD be included VVN include in IN in the DT the census NN census : : : 8 CD 8 cows NNS cow , , , 128 CD @card@ sheep NN sheep , , , 35 CD @card@ goats NNS goat , , , 1 CD 1 pig NN pig . SENT . [6-97 |]

[6-98 |] the DT the hike NN hike to TO to Preikestolen NP requires VVZ require good JJ good footwear NN footwear ! SENT ! [6-99 |]

[6-100 |] The DT the trail NN trail to TO to Preikestolen NP was VBD be marked VVN mark for IN for the DT the first JJ first time NN time in IN in 1921 CD @card@ . SENT . [6-101 |] It PP it was VBD be a DT a simple JJ simple path NN path , , , without IN without any DT any special JJ special modifications NNS modification . SENT . [6-102 |] But CC but when WRB when the DT the road NN road was VBD be built VVN build to TO to Preikestolhytta NP in IN in 1961 CD @card@ , , , traffic NN traffic out RB out to TO to Preikestolen NP swelled VVD swell . SENT . [6-103 |] The DT the numerous JJ numerous tourists NNS tourist left VVD leave their PP$ their mark NN mark . SENT . [6-104 |] Wear VV wear on IN on the DT the marshes NNS marsh and CC and the DT the wet JJ wet stretches NNS stretch was VBD be so RB so severe JJ severe that IN that it PP it was VBD be necessary JJ necessary to TO to build VV build a DT a completely RB completely new JJ new trail NN trail . SENT . [6-105 |] In IN in the DT the 1990s NNS 1990s , , , with IN with public JJ public funding NN funding , , , a DT a major JJ major trail NN trail project NN project was VBD be initiated VVN initiate . SENT . [6-106 |] The DT the result NN result was VBD be a DT a trail NN trail that WDT that withstands VVZ withstand tramping VVG tramp - : - and CC and that WDT that also RB also is VBZ be attractively RB attractively adapted VVN adapt to TO to the DT the vulnerable JJ vulnerable surroundings NN surroundings . SENT . [6-107 |]

[6-108 |] The DT the hike NN hike from IN from the DT the parking NN parking places NNS place and CC and out RB out to TO to the DT the Preikestol JJ plateau NN plateau itself PP itself is VBZ be just RB just 3.8 CD @card@ km NN , , , but CC but nonetheless RB nonetheless takes VVZ take almost RB almost 2 CD 2 hours NNS hour each DT each way NN way . SENT . [6-109 |] The DT the tour NN tour has VHZ have an DT an elevation NN elevation difference NN difference of IN of 350 CD @card@ meters NNS metre , , , and CC and the DT the trail NN trail itself PP itself alters VVZ alter between IN between gravel NN gravel , , , stones NNS stone and CC and smoothly RB smoothly scoured VVN scour bedrock NN bedrock . SENT . [6-110 |] The DT the trails NNS trail can MD can be VB be slippery JJ slippery walking NN walking in IN in rainy JJ rainy weather NN weather - : - so RB so it PP it 's VBZ be best RB best to TO to tread VV tread carefully RB carefully . SENT . [6-111 |]

[6-112 |] From IN from Tjødnane NP you PP you can MD can choose VV choose if IN if you PP you will MD will follow VV follow the DT the traditional JJ traditional trail NN trail along IN along dizzying JJ dizzying cliffs NNS cliff high JJ high over IN over Lysefjorden NP or CC or follow VV follow the DT the newly-built VVN trail NN trail up RP up to TO to the DT the plateau NN plateau above IN above Preikestolen NP itself PP itself . SENT . [6-113 |] These DT these two CD two alternative NN alternative can MD can be VB be taken VVN take in IN in a DT a round NN round trip NN trip . SENT . [6-114 |]

[6-115 |] VThe NP weather NN weather can MD can change VV change rapidly RB rapidly , , , so RB so remember VVP remember rainwear NN rainwear , , , warm JJ warm clothing NN clothing , , , food NN food and CC and drink NN drink in IN in your PP$ your pack NN pack . SENT . [6-116 |] It PP it 's VBZ be not RB not possible JJ possible to TO to buy VV buy food NN food and CC and drink NN drink on IN on the DT the way NN way - : - so RB so that IN that you PP you must MD must bring VV bring from IN from the DT the starting VVG start point NN point . SENT . [6-117 |]

[6-118 |] Enjoy VV enjoy the DT the view NN view of IN of Vatnegarden NP and CC and Preikestolhytta NP [6-119 |]

[6-120 |] Take VVP take a DT a rest NN rest when WRB when you PP you have VHP have come VVN come up RP up the DT the first JJ first steep JJ steep hill NN hill from IN from the DT the parking NN parking places NNS place . SENT . [6-121 |] From IN from the DT the plateau NN plateau ( ( ( 350 CD @card@ m NN m above IN above sea NN sea level NN level ) ) ) , , , there EX there 's VBZ be a DT a fine JJ fine view NN view of IN of Preikestolhytta NP and CC and the DT the former JJ former Vatnegarden NP . SENT . [6-122 |] In IN in the DT the past NN past , , , the DT the area NN area was VBD be so RB so threadbare JJ threadbare that IN that the DT the farmers NNS farmer at IN at Vatne NP cut NN cut sod NN sod from IN from the DT the marches NNS march above IN above the DT the farm NN farm to TO to use VV use as IN as fuel NN fuel . SENT . [6-123 |] Today NN today that WDT that 's VBZ be not RB not necessary JJ necessary . SENT . [6-124 |] The DT the old JJ old farmlands NNS farmland are VBP be becoming VVG become overgrown VVN overgrow and CC and it PP it 's VBZ be beginning VVG begin to TO to be VB be difficult JJ difficult to TO to find VV find many JJ many of IN of the DT the old JJ old walls NNS wall and CC and hayfields NNS . SENT . [6-125 |] The DT the overgrowing VVG overgrow is VBZ be due JJ due principally RB principally to TO to there EX there being NN being fewer JJR fewer grazing NN grazing animals NNS animal and CC and little JJ little logging VVG log . SENT . [6-126 |] Moreover RB moreover , , , precipitation NN precipitation carries VVZ carry a DT a range NN range of IN of chemical NN chemical compounds NNS compound that WDT that fertilize VV fertilize the DT the landscape NN landscape . SENT . [6-127 |] Stavanger NP Stavanger Turistforening NP owns VVZ own in IN in all DT all 8000 CD @card@ decares NNS decare of IN of this DT this beautiful JJ beautiful area NN area and CC and hopes VVZ hope that IN that really RB really many JJ many will MD will use VV use it PP it for IN for outdoor JJ outdoor recreation NN recreation . SENT . [6-128 |] Here RB here you PP you can MD can find VV find challenging VVG challenge things NNS thing to TO to do VV do for IN for days NNS day : : : Swim NP Swim , , , fish NN fish , , , row NN row , , , pick VV pick berries NNS berry and CC and mushrooms NNS mushroom - : - and CC and not RB not least JJS least , , , hike NN hike the DT the other JJ other marked JJ marked tours NNS tour in IN in the DT the area NN area . SENT . [6-129 |] Try VV try yourself PP yourself . SENT . [6-130 |]

[6-131 |] The DT the landscaped VVD landscape was VBD be shaped VVN shape by IN by glaciers NNS glacier . SENT . [6-132 |] The DT the road NN road from IN from Jøssang NP to TO to Preikestolhytta NP cuts NNS cut at IN at its PP$ its highest JJS high point NN point through IN through Vatnerinda NP . SENT . [6-133 |] In IN in the DT the past NN past , , , people NNS people believed VVD believe that IN that Trolls NNS troll had VHD have laid VVN lay up RP up the DT the enormous JJ enormous stone NN stone ridges NNS ridge along IN along Vatnerinda NP and CC and further RB farther along IN along the DT the range NN range around IN around Refsvatnet NP . SENT . [6-134 |] Today NN today we PP we know VVP know that IN that the DT the ridges NNS ridge were VBD be deposited VVN deposit as IN as lateral JJ lateral moraine NN moraine by IN by the DT the Lysefjordbreen NP some DT some 10,500 CD @card@ years NNS year ago RB ago . SENT . [6-135 |] The DT the entire JJ entire Lysefjorden NP then RB then was VBD be filled VVN fill with IN with ice NN ice , , , and CC and a DT a glacial JJ glacial tongue NN tongue lay VVD lie inwards NN inwards where WRB where Refsvatnet NP and CC and Preikestolhytta NP lie VVP lie today NN today . SENT . [6-136 |]

[6-137 |] Lysefjordbreen VVN [6-138 |] The DT the map NN map shows VVZ show the DT the where WRB where the DT the edge NN edge of IN of Lysefjordbreen NP lay VVD lie in IN in in IN in this DT this area NN area some DT some 10,500 CD @card@ years NNS year ago RB ago . SENT . [6-139 |] This DT this vantage NN vantage point NN point was VBD be midway NN midway on IN on the DT the edge NN edge of IN of the DT the glacier NN glacier . SENT . [6-140 |] Preikestolhytta NP will MD will have VH have barely RB barely been VBN be covered VVN cover by IN by the DT the glacier NN glacier , , , while IN while the DT the road NN road up RB up from IN from Jøssang NP will MD will have VH have been VBN be beyond IN beyond the DT the edge NN edge of IN of the DT the glacier NN glacier . SENT . [6-141 |] Along IN along the DT the road NN road , , , outside IN outside the DT the lateral JJ lateral moraine NN moraine , , , melt VV melt water NN water from IN from the DT the glacier NN glacier has VHZ have flushed VVN flush the DT the landscape NN landscape clean VV clean of IN of sediment NN sediment , , , while IN while inside RB inside , , , on IN on the DT the whole NN whole there EX there is VBZ be abundant JJ abundant sediment NN sediment and CC and soil NN soil . SENT . [6-142 |] When WRB when these DT these lateral JJ lateral moraines NNS moraine were VBD be built VVN build up RP up , , , other JJ other moraines NNS moraine were VBD be deposited VVN deposit along IN along the DT the entire JJ entire Norwegian JJ Norwegian coast NN coast , , , from IN from finnmark NN in IN in the DT the north NN north to TO to Østfold VV in IN in the DT the south NN south . SENT . [6-143 |] Moraine NN moraine from IN from this DT this period NN period often RB often is VBZ be called VVN call terminal JJ terminal moraine NN moraine . SENT . [6-144 |]

[6-145 |] The DT the moraine NN moraine ridges NNS ridge consist VVP consist of IN of huge JJ huge boulders NNS boulder [6-146 |] The DT the mass NN mass of IN of ice NN ice in IN in a DT a glacier NN glacier moves VVZ move plastically RB plastically , , , and CC and the DT the glacier NN glacier can MD can float VV float on IN on gravel NN gravel and CC and stones NNS stone . SENT . [6-147 |] Along IN along the DT the edge NN edge of IN of a DT a glacier NN glacier in IN in motion NN motion , , , lateral JJ lateral moraines NNS moraine build VVP build up RP up . SENT . [6-148 |] In IN in the DT the region NN region around IN around Lysefjorden NP , , , the DT the lateral JJ lateral moraine NN moraine consists VVZ consist of IN of gigantic JJ gigantic boulders NNS boulder and CC and little JJ little finer JJR fine material NN material . SENT . [6-149 |] Close JJ close contact NN contact with IN with this DT this boulder-rich JJ moraine NN moraine will MD will come VV come later RB later on IN on the DT the hike NN hike , , , but CC but you PP you also RB also can MD can study VV study it PP it closer RBR closer by IN by taking VVG take a DT a small JJ small side NN side trip NN trip from IN from here RB here , , , a DT a hundred CD hundred meters NNS metre along IN along the DT the trail NN trail to TO to Moslifjell NP . SENT . [6-150 |] ( ( ( But CC but come VV come back RP back to TO to this DT this starting VVG start point NN point if IN if you PP you wish VVP wish to TO to continue VV continue on IN on the DT the trail NN trail to TO to Preikestolen. NP ) ) ) [6-151 |]

[6-152 |] Gnarled VVD gnarl pine NN pine trees NNS tree [6-153 |]

[6-154 |] The DT the trail NN trail flattens VVZ flatten out RP out and CC and continues VVZ continue over IN over the DT the plateau NN plateau . SENT . [6-155 |] Here RB here grow VV grow short JJ short , , , compact JJ compact pine NN pine trees NNS tree reminiscent JJ reminiscent of IN of Japanese JJ Japanese bonsai NN bonsai . SENT . [6-156 |] Pine NP Pine was VBD be one CD one of IN of the DT the first JJ first tree NN tree species NNS specie that WDT that came VVD come to TO to Norway NP Norway after IN after the DT the ice NN ice age NN age . SENT . [6-157 |] Pine NP Pine thrives VVZ thrive in IN in gravelly JJ gravelly soil NN soil and CC and withstands VVZ withstand dehydration NN dehydration relatively RB relatively well RB well . SENT . [6-158 |] Pine NP Pine usually RB usually grows VVZ grow towering JJ towering and CC and fine NN fine wherever WRB wherever it PP it has VHZ have enough JJ enough nutrients NNS nutrient . SENT . [6-159 |] The DT the bonsai NN bonsai variety NN variety certainly RB certainly indicates VVZ indicate harsher JJR harsh growing VVG grow conditions NNS condition . SENT . [6-160 |]

[6-161 |] Further RBR Further away RB away , , , erect VV erect , , , high JJ high pine NN pine trees NNS tree reach VVP reach heavenward RB heavenward . SENT . [6-162 |] Here RB here the DT the soil NN soil obviously RB obviously is VBZ be better JJR good . SENT . [6-163 |] Between IN between the DT the trees NNS tree you PP you can MD can glimpse VV glimpse the DT the headland NN headland in IN in Refsvatn NP , , , where WRB where the DT the abandoned VVN abandon Torsnes NP mountain NN mountain farm NN farm lies VVZ lie . SENT . [6-164 |]

[6-165 |] Good JJ good taste NN taste from IN from forest NN forest and CC and mountains NNS mountain [6-166 |]

[6-167 |] In IN in late JJ late summer NN summer and CC and the DT the autumn NN autumn you PP you can MD can find VV find ripe JJ ripe berries NNS berry along IN along trails NNS trail . SENT . [6-168 |] In IN in the DT the past NN past , , , people NNS people were VBD be good JJ good at IN at picking VVG pick berries NNS berry for IN for juicing VVG and CC and preserving VVG preserve - : - now RB now too RB too many JJ many walk NN walk past NN past . SENT . [6-169 |] But CC but take VV take a DT a small JJ small side NN side trip NN trip and CC and see VV see what WP what you PP you can MD can find VV find . SENT . [6-170 |] Here RB here there EX there are VBP be many JJ many taste NN taste treats NNS treat , , , both CC both for IN for desserts NNS dessert and CC and for IN for tantalizing VVG tantalize dinner NN dinner dishes NNS dish . SENT . [6-171 |]

[6-172 |] Blueberries NNS blueberry [6-173 |] Blueberries NNS blueberry are VBP be commonplace JJ commonplace throughout IN throughout the DT the area NN area . SENT . [6-174 |] They PP they are VBP be tasty JJ tasty - : - and CC and are VBP be known VVN know to TO to be VB be antacid NN antacid . SENT . [6-175 |]

[6-176 |] Whortleberries NNS whortleberry [6-177 |] Whortleberries NNS whortleberry are VBP be also RB also blue JJ blue outside NN outside , , , but CC but as RB as opposed VVN oppose to TO to blueberries NNS blueberry , , , are VBP be light JJ light greenish JJ greenish inside NN inside . SENT . [6-178 |] Whortleberries NNS whortleberry often RB often are VBP be left VVN leave after IN after blueberry NN blueberry pickers NNS picker have VHP have gone VVN go home NN home . SENT . [6-179 |] That DT that 's VBZ be a DT a shame NN shame . SENT . [6-180 |] Because IN because the DT the berries NNS berry taste VVP taste good JJ good - : - and CC and contain VVP contain more JJR more than IN than three CD three times NNS time as IN as much JJ much Vitamin NN vitamin C NP C as IN as blueberries NNS blueberry . SENT . [6-181 |] Make VV make soup NN soup from IN from whortleberries NNS whortleberry . SENT . [6-182 |] It PP it has VHZ have a DT a mild JJ mild , , , delicate JJ delicate taste NN taste reminiscent NN reminiscent of IN of gooseberries NNS gooseberry . SENT . [6-183 |]

[6-184 |] View NN view towards IN towards Stavanger NP Stavanger and CC and Boknafjorden NP [6-185 |]

[6-186 |] After IN after a DT a climb NN climb through IN through woods NNS wood and CC and talus NN talus , , , the DT the next JJ next vantage NN vantage point NN point emerges VVZ emerge at IN at 420 CD @card@ meters NNS metre above IN above sea NN sea level NN level . SENT . [6-187 |] From IN from here RB here , , , we PP we can MD can clearly RB clearly see VV see greater JJR great parts NNS part of IN of Boknafjorden NP with IN with Stavanger NP Stavanger city NN city farthest RB farthest to TO to the DT the left NN left - : - 25 CD @card@ km NN away RB away . SENT . [6-188 |] Midway NP Midway in IN in the DT the fjord NN fjord lie VVP lie the DT the islands NNS island of IN of Bru NP Bru , , , Åmøy NN , , , Mosterøy NP , , , and CC and Rennesøy NP . SENT . [6-189 |] On IN on the DT the mainland NN mainland to TO to the DT the right NN right we PP we see VVP see a DT a bit NN bit of IN of the DT the town NN town of IN of Jørpeland NP . SENT . [6-190 |] If IN if you PP you wish VVP wish to TO to see VV see a DT a little RB little more JJR more , , , you PP you should MD should go VV go up RP up to TO to Husafjellet NP just RB just south RB south of IN of where WRB where you PP you stand VVP stand . SENT . [6-191 |]

[6-192 |] The DT the woods NNS wood here RB here have VHP have begun VVN begin to TO to thin JJ thin - : - and CC and the DT the mountain NN mountain birch NN birch has VHZ have begun VVN begin taking VVG take over RP over . SENT . [6-193 |] Timberline NN timberline in IN in this DT this part NN part of IN of Norway NP Norway is VBZ be around RB around 600 CD @card@ meters NNS metre . SENT . [6-194 |] Further RB farther inland RB inland timberland NN timberland is VBZ be higher JJR high ; : ; in IN in Østlandet NN it PP it can MD can be VB be as RB as high JJ high as IN as 1200 CD @card@ meters NNS metre . SENT . [6-195 |] In IN in Norway NP Norway , , , it PP it 's VBZ be birch JJ birch that WDT that grow VV grow highest JJS high up RP up in IN in the DT the mountains NNS mountain . SENT . [6-196 |] In IN in recent JJ recent years NNS year , , , it PP it seems VVZ seem that DT that timberline NN timberline is VBZ be creeping VVG creep upwards RB upward , , , perhaps RB perhaps due JJ due to TO to a DT a milder JJR mild climate NN climate . SENT . [6-197 |] Less JJR Less grazing NN grazing and CC and less RBR less culling VVG cull of IN of forests NNS forest for IN for firewood NN firewood also RB also contributes VVZ contribute to TO to the DT the landscape NN landscape overgrowing VVG overgrow . SENT . [6-198 |] In IN in the DT the course NN course of IN of the DT the last JJ last few JJ few years NNS year , , , we PP we have VHP have seen VVN see major JJ major changes NNS change . SENT . [6-199 |]

[6-200 |] Stidele NP Moslifjell NP [6-201 |] From IN from here RB here , , , there EX there 's VBZ be a DT a fine NN fine found VVD find trip NN trip to TO to the DT the summit NN summit of IN of Moslifjell NP ( ( ( 718 CD @card@ meters NNS metre above IN above sea NN sea level NN level ) ) ) . SENT . [6-202 |] It PP it 's VBZ be an DT an attractive JJ attractive alternative NN alternative for IN for those DT those of IN of you PP you who WP who wish VVP wish not RB not to TO to return VV return by IN by the DT the same JJ same route NN route from IN from Preikestolen NP - : - and CC and who WP who have VHP have strength NN strength left VVD leave . SENT . [6-203 |] The DT the hike NN hike goes VVZ go first JJ first through IN through woods NNS wood , , , before IN before you PP you get VVP get up RP up to TO to the DT the open JJ open high JJ high mountain NN mountain terrain NN terrane with IN with a DT a view NN view in IN in all DT all directions NNS direction . SENT . [6-204 |] The DT the Mosli NP trail NN trail joins VVZ join the DT the Preikestol JJ trail NN trail again RB again at IN at the DT the first JJ first vantage NN vantage point NN point . SENT . [6-205 |] The DT the hike NN hike has VHZ have an DT an elevation NN elevation difference NN difference of IN of 300 CD @card@ meters NNS metre - : - and CC and takes VVZ take an DT an extra JJ extra 2 CD 2 hours NNS hour . SENT . [6-206 |]

[6-207 |] Moose NP Moose , , , deer NN deer , , , and CC and roe NN roe deer NN deer linger VV linger here RB here . SENT . [6-208 |] In IN in this DT this area NN area you PP you can MD can be VB be lucky JJ lucky and CC and come VVN come across IN across the DT the three CD three species NNS specie of IN of deer NN deer that WDT that live VVP live here RB here : : : moose NN moose , , , deer NN deer and CC and doe NN doe deer NN deer . SENT . [6-209 |] Along IN along the DT the Preikestol JJ trail NN trail there EX there usually RB usually are VBP be so RB so many JJ many people NNS people that IN that the DT the animals NNS animal stay VVP stay away RB away . SENT . [6-210 |] But CC but on IN on the DT the hike NN hike to TO to Moslifjell NP , , , or CC or if IN if you PP you take VVP take a DT a side NN side trip NN trip on IN on your PP$ your own JJ own , , , you PP you can MD can get VV get closer RBR closer to TO to the DT the outdoors RB outdoors and CC and animal JJ animal life NN life . SENT . [6-211 |] Even RB Even though IN though you PP you may MD may not RB not come VV come across IN across a DT a living VVG live animal NN animal , , , there EX there often RB often are VBP be tracks NNS track to TO to be VB be seen VVN see . SENT . [6-212 |]

[6-213 |] Krogebekkmyra NP [6-214 |]

[6-215 |] Greater NP Greater parts NNS part of IN of Norway NP Norway have VHP have been VBN be covered VVN cover by IN by marshes NNS marsh . SENT . [6-216 |] Marshes NNS marsh are VBP be found VVN find in IN in depressions NNS depression in IN in regions NNS region with IN with abundant JJ abundant precipitation NN precipitation . SENT . [6-217 |] Dead JJ dead plants NNS plant are VBP be not RB not broken VVN break down RP down because IN because the DT the ground NN ground is VBZ be always RB always saturated VVN saturate with IN with water NN water and CC and oxygen NN oxygen cannot NN contribute VV contribute to TO to normal JJ normal decomposition NN decomposition . SENT . [6-218 |] The DT the incomplete JJ incomplete decomposition NN decomposition forms NNS form a DT a gas NN gas that IN that smalls NNS small a DT a bit NN bit acidic JJ acidic . SENT . [6-219 |] This DT this results NNS result in IN in the DT the characteristic NN characteristic - : - and CC and quite RB quite good JJ good - : - marsh NN marsh odor NN odour . SENT . [6-220 |] Just RB just under IN under the DT the uppermost JJ uppermost vegetation NN vegetation cover NN cover lies VVZ lie a DT a black JJ black mire NN mire ; : ; this DT this is VBZ be incompletely RB incompletely decomposed VVN decompose plant NN plant remains VVZ remain . SENT . [6-221 |] The DT the mire NN mire is VBZ be completely RB completely organic JJ organic - : - without IN without sand NN sand and CC and stones NNS stone that WDT that otherwise RB otherwise are VBP be found VVN find in IN in soils NNS soil under IN under plants NNS plant . SENT . [6-222 |] In IN in marshes NNS marsh we PP we find VVP find various JJ various species NNS specie of IN of plants NNS plant that WDT that have VHP have specialized VVN specialize in IN in life NN life in IN in a DT a water-saturated VVN environment NN environment . SENT . [6-223 |] Tracks NNS track over IN over marshes NNS marsh tend VVP tend to TO to expand VV expand , , , as IN as most JJS most people NNS people do VVP do n't RB not like VV like tramping VVG tramp in IN in mire NN mire . SENT . [6-224 |] We PP we walk VVP walk to TO to the DT the side NN side of IN of the DT the mire NN mire , , , and CC and soon RB soon the DT the trail NN trail is VBZ be many JJ many meters NNS metre wide JJ wide . SENT . [6-225 |] Over IN over Krogebekkmyra NP therefore RB therefore , , , a DT a walkway NN walkway has VHZ have been VBN be laid VVN lay to TO to prevent VV prevent wear VV wear and CC and ease VV ease traversing VVG traverse for IN for wanderers NNS wanderer . SENT . [6-226 |] Such JJ such corduroy NN corduroy bridges NNS bridge are VBP be built VVN build in IN in the DT the tradition NN tradition of IN of centuries NNS century . SENT . [6-227 |]

[6-228 |] Dwarf VV dwarf birch VV birch [6-229 |] The DT the dwarf NN dwarf birch NN birch is VBZ be a DT a small JJ small , , , low-lying JJ low-lie shrub NN shrub ; : ; it PP it thrives VVZ thrive where WRB where it PP it 's VBZ be dry JJ dry . SENT . [6-230 |] It PP it has VHZ have small JJ small , , , round JJ round leaves NNS leaf that WDT that take VVP take on IN on an DT an intense JJ intense and CC and beautiful JJ beautiful yellow-red JJ color NN colour in IN in autumn NN autumn . SENT . [6-231 |]

[6-232 |] Frogs NNS frog [6-233 |] Frogs NNS frog live VVP live in IN in swamps NNS swamp . SENT . [6-234 |] At IN at mating NN mating time NN time , , , you PP you can MD can hear VV hear males NNS male luring VVG lure females NNS female by IN by croaking VVG croak . SENT . [6-235 |] Females NPS Females lay VVD lie several JJ several hundred CD hundred eggs NNS egg in IN in shallow JJ shallow water NN water . SENT . [6-236 |] The DT the eggs NNS egg develop VVP develop to TO to tadpoles NNS tadpole that WDT that subsequently RB subsequently change VVP change into IN into frogs NNS frog . SENT . [6-237 |] The DT the principal JJ principal foods NNS food are VBP be insects NNS insect and CC and snails NNS snail . SENT . [6-238 |]

[6-239 |] Dragonflies NNS dragonfly [6-240 |] Dragonflies NNS dragonfly are VBP be among IN amongst the DT the colorful JJ colorful insects NNS insect that IN that people NNS people easily RB easily notice VVP notice . SENT . [6-241 |] They PP they 're VBP be built VVN build for IN for stunt NN stunt flying VVG fly . SENT . [6-242 |] Their PP$ their wings NNS wing are VBP be attached VVN attach to TO to a DT a muscular JJ muscular chest NN chest , , , and CC and the DT the large JJ large compound NN compound eyes NNS eye give VVP give them PP them a DT a broad JJ broad view NN view of IN of their PP$ their surroundings NN surroundings . SENT . [6-243 |] They PP they are VBP be hunters NNS hunter that WDT that live VVP live , , , among IN amongst other JJ other things NNS thing , , , on IN on flies NNS fly and CC and small JJ small butterflies NNS butterfly . SENT . [6-244 |]

[6-245 |] Bog NN bog Asphodel NN asphodel [6-246 |] The DT the bog NN bog asphodel NN asphodel is VBZ be a DT a small JJ small lily NN lily that WDT that adds VVZ add color NN colour to TO to the DT the marshes NNS marsh . SENT . [6-247 |] In IN in bloom NN bloom , , , it PP it makes VVZ make the DT the marsh NN marsh golden JJ golden , , , but CC but gradually RB gradually , , , as IN as the DT the fruit NN fruit ripen VV ripen , , , it PP it turns VVZ turn reddish JJ reddish green NN green . SENT . [6-248 |] Stems VVZ stem and CC and leaves VVZ leave gradually RB gradually grey JJ grey , , , and CC and in IN in spring NN spring there EX there 's VBZ be an DT an enchanting JJ enchanting grayish JJ greyish tint NN tint in IN in bog NN bog asphodel NN asphodel marshes NNS marsh . SENT . [6-249 |] The DT the plant NN plant contains VVZ contain a DT a poison NN poison that WDT that gives VVZ give sheep NN sheep a DT a skin NN skin disease NN disease , , , photosensitization NN photosensitization . SENT . [6-250 |]

[6-251 |] Sundew NN sundew [6-252 |] this DT this beautiful JJ beautiful marsh NN marsh plant NN plant actually RB actually is VBZ be carnivorous JJ carnivorous . SENT . [6-253 |] the DT the sundew NN sundew 's VBZ be beautiful JJ beautiful , , , bright JJ bright and CC and shining VVG shine color NN colour attracts VVZ attract many JJ many insects NNS insect . SENT . [6-254 |] The DT the drops NNS drop outermost JJ outermost on IN on the DT the leaf NN leaf rosettes NNS rosette resemble VVP resemble dew NN dew , , , but CC but insects NNS insect that WDT that sit VVP sit on IN on the DT the plant NN plant are VBP be trapped VVN trap and CC and slowly RB slowly suffocated VVN suffocate . SENT . [6-255 |] The DT the sundew NN sundew assimilates VVZ assimilate the DT the nutrients NNS nutrient in IN in insects NNS insect to TO to get VV get the DT the nitrogen NN nitrogen it PP it needs VVZ need . SENT . [6-256 |]

[6-257 |] Tall JJ tall Cotton NP Cotton Grass NP Grass [6-258 |] White NP White cotton NN cotton grass NN grass usually RB usually is VBZ be found VVN find in IN in profusion NN profuseness in IN in marshes NNS marsh . SENT . [6-259 |] The DT the white JJ white " `` " cotton NN cotton " '' " is VBZ be n't RB not flowers NNS flower , , , but CC but tufts NNS tuft that WDT that act VVP act to TO to aid VV aid seeds NNS seed so IN so they PP they spread VVD spread far RB far from IN from the DT the mother NN mother plant NN plant . SENT . [6-260 |] " `` " The DT the cotton NN cotton " `` " has VHZ have been VBN be used VVN use as IN as pillow NN pillow filling NN filling . SENT . [6-261 |] There EX There are VBP be 8 CD 8 different JJ different species NNS specie of IN of cotton NN cotton grass NN grass in IN in Norway NP Norway . SENT . [6-262 |] Tall JJ tall cotton NN cotton grass NN grass is VBZ be found VVN find in IN in profusion NN profuseness in IN in acidic JJ acidic marshes NNS marsh . SENT . [6-263 |]

[6-264 |] Talus NN talus up RB up to TO to Neverdalsskaret NP [6-265 |]

[6-266 |] The DT the talus NN talus was VBD be deposited VVN deposit by IN by Lysefjordbreen NP [6-267 |] This DT this huge JJ huge scree NN scree slope NN slope is VBZ be part NN part of IN of the DT the large JJ large lateral JJ lateral moraine NN moraine that WDT that was VBD be formed VVN form by IN by glaciers NNS glacier some DT some 10,500 CD @card@ years NNS year ago RB ago . SENT . [6-268 |] At IN at many JJ many other JJ other places NNS place in IN in the DT the mountains NNS mountain of IN of Rogaland NP - : - and CC and elsewhere RB elsewhere in IN in Norway NP Norway - : - there EX there also RB also are VBP be huge JJ huge scree NN scree slopes NNS slope , , , but CC but many JJ many of IN of these DT these were VBD be formed VVN form after IN after the DT the ice NN ice age NN age as IN as rock NN rock fragments NNS fragment were VBD be split VVN split out RP out of IN of the DT the steep JJ steep mountainsides NNS mountainside by IN by congelifraction NN . SENT . [6-269 |] So RB So we PP we can MD can see VV see traces NNS trace in IN in the DT the mountainside NN mountainside where WRB where the DT the congelifracts NNS of IN of the DT the talus NN talus came VVD come from IN from . SENT . [6-270 |] Such JJ such talus NN talus formation NN formation goes VVZ go on IN on today NN today . SENT . [6-271 |] Crustaceous JJ crustaceous Lichen NN lichen [6-272 |] Bare NP Bare rock NN rock and CC and stones NNS stone are VBP be not RB not as RB as nude JJ nude as IN as you PP you might MD might first RB first believe VV believe . SENT . [6-273 |] Upon IN upon closer JJR close examination NN examination , , , you PP you can MD can see VV see that IN that rock NN rock walls NNS wall and CC and stones NNS stone have VHP have their PP$ their special JJ special plant NN plant life NN life . SENT . [6-274 |] Crustaceous JJ crustaceous lichen NN lichen grows VVZ grow as IN as a DT a thin JJ thin layer NN layer on IN on stones NNS stone . SENT . [6-275 |] Most RBS most crustaceous JJ crustaceous lichen NN lichen are VBP be so RB so to TO to speak VV speak a DT a part NN part of IN of the DT the underlying JJ underlying rock NN rock . SENT . [6-276 |] Using VVG use chemicals NNS chemical , , , the DT the breaks NNS break down IN down the DT the surface NN surface of IN of the DT the rock NN rock to TO to attach VV attach itself PP itself to TO to it PP it . SENT . [6-277 |] There EX There are VBP be hundreds NNS hundred of IN of species NNS specie . SENT . [6-278 |] Many JJ Many of IN of them PP them are VBP be as RB as grey JJ grey as IN as the DT the stones NNS stone on IN on which WDT which they PP they grow VVP grow , , , while IN while others NNS other are VBP be more RBR more easily RB easily seen VVN see . SENT . [6-279 |] Water NN water is VBZ be in IN in short JJ short supply NN supply ; : ; it PP it runs VVZ run away RB away from IN from the DT the smooth JJ smooth stones NNS stone as RB as soon RB soon as IN as rain NN rain stops NNS stop . SENT . [6-280 |] Crustaceous JJ crustaceous lichen NN lichen therefore RB therefore grow VV grow very RB very slowly RB slowly , , , often RB often no RB no more JJR more than IN than 0.1 CD @card@ mm NN a DT a year NN year . SENT . [6-281 |] So RB So you PP you can MD can find VV find large JJ large crustaceous JJ crustaceous lichen NN lichen that WDT that can MD can be VB be hundreds NNS hundred or CC or perhaps RB perhaps thousands NNS thousand of IN of years NNS year old JJ old . SENT . [6-282 |]

[6-283 |] Abandoned VVN abandon mountain NN mountain farms NNS farm [6-284 |]

[6-285 |] Here RB here in IN in Neverdalskaret NP ( ( ( 540 CD @card@ meters NNS metre above IN above sea NN sea level NN level ) ) ) you PP you get VVP get the DT the first JJ first glimpse NN glimpse of IN of Lysefjorden NP and CC and Lyseheiene NP . SENT . [6-286 |] Here RB here there EX there 's VBZ be a DT a fork VV fork to TO to the DT the trail NN trail that WDT that continues VVZ continue on IN on the DT the north JJ north side NN side of IN of Lysefjorden NP to TO to Bratteli NP and CC and onward RB onward all PDT all the DT the way NN way to TO to Lysebotn NP . SENT . [6-287 |]

[6-288 |] The DT the trail NN trail to TO to Preikestolen NP meanders VVZ meander on IN on a DT a dirt NN dirt road NN road through IN through talus NN talus . SENT . [6-289 |] The DT the many JJ many large JJ large stones NNS stone were VBD be put VVN put in IN in place NN place by IN by Lysefjordbreen NP 10,500 CD @card@ years NNS year ago RB ago . SENT . [6-290 |] In IN in autumn NN autumn , , , the DT the dry JJ dry ridges NNS ridge here RB here are VBP be colored VVN colour red JJ red by IN by black JJ black bearberries NNS bearberry - : - and CC and blueberry NN blueberry bushes NNS bush . SENT . [6-291 |]

[6-292 |] Farming VVG farm at IN at mountain NN mountain lodges NNS lodge [6-293 |] Lysefjorden NP offers VVZ offer scanty JJ scanty conditions NNS condition for IN for farming NN farming . SENT . [6-294 |] Nonetheless RB Nonetheless , , , people NNS people have VHP have clung VVN cling to TO to green JJ green specks NNS speck along IN along the DT the mountainsides NNS mountainside and CC and have VHP have managed VVN manage to TO to survive VV survive on IN on small JJ small farms NNS farm . SENT . [6-295 |] The DT the mountaints NNS provided VVD provided essential JJ essential supplementary JJ supplementary resources NNS resource through IN through hunting NN hunting and CC and fishing NN fishing . SENT . [6-296 |] In IN in Neverdalen NP in IN in times NNS time gone VVN go by IN by , , , there RB there lay VV lay such PDT such a DT a little JJ little place NN place . SENT . [6-297 |] You PP you still RB still can MD can find VV find the DT the sites NNS site of IN of houses NNS house that WDT that stood VVD stand here RB here , , , but CC but the DT the place NN place was VBD be abandoned VVN abandon as RB as early RB early as IN as before IN before 1900 CD @card@ . SENT . [6-298 |] The DT the name NN name most RBS most likely RB likely comes VVZ come from IN from the DT the birch JJ birch bark NN bark used VVN use for IN for roofing NN roofing . SENT . [6-299 |] If IN if you PP you follow VVP follow the DT the trail NN trail further RBR further along IN along Lysefjorden NP , , , you PP you will MD will find VV find abandoned VVN abandon mountain NN mountain farms NNS farm at IN at Hengjane NP and CC and in IN in Bratteli NP . SENT . [6-300 |] Hengjane NP farm NN farm lies VVZ lie right RB right behind IN behind Hengjanenibbå NP that WDT that plunges VVZ plunge straight RB straight down RB down into IN into Lysefjorden NP . SENT . [6-301 |] In IN in the DT the 17th JJ 17th century NN century , , , Hengjane NP was VBD be a DT a summer NN summer dairy NN dairy farm NN farm under IN under the DT the Bratteli NP farm NN farm . SENT . [6-302 |]

[6-303 |] In IN in mountain NN mountain forests NNS forest [6-304 |]

[6-305 |] A DT a mountain NN mountain forest NN forest is VBZ be the DT the last JJ last bastion NN bastion against IN against the DT the mountains NNS mountain . SENT . [6-306 |] Here RB here grow VV grow principally RB principally mountain NN mountain birch NN birch and CC and some DT some mountain NN mountain ash NN ash . SENT . [6-307 |] The DT the mountain NN mountain birch NN birch often RB often are VBP be disfigured VVN disfigure by IN by snow NN snow and CC and are VBP be gnarled JJ gnarled and CC and crooked JJ crooked . SENT . [6-308 |] But CC but it PP it wo MD wo n't RB not give VV give up RP up and CC and resists VVZ resist until IN until it PP it 's VBZ be back RB back is VBZ be rounded VVN rounded . SENT . [6-309 |] But CC but the DT the twisted JJ twisted mountain NN mountain birch NN birch has VHZ have inspired VVN inspire many JJ many a DT a local JJ local artist NN artist . SENT . [6-310 |] Around RB around in IN in cabins NNS cabin , , , there EX there are VBP be many JJ many odd JJ odd figures NNS figure made VVN make of IN of mountain NN mountain birch NN birch . SENT . [6-311 |] Gnarls NNS gnarl formerly RB formerly were VBD be popular JJ popular for IN for making VVG make saucers NNS saucer and CC and bowls VVZ bowl . SENT . [6-312 |] If IN if you PP you look VVP look closely RB closely at IN at the DT the trunk NN trunk of IN of a DT a mountain NN mountain birch NN birch , , , you PP you will MD will see VV see that IN that many JJ many species NNS specie of IN of lichens NNS lichen grow VVP grow on IN on the DT the branches NNS branch . SENT . [6-313 |] The DT the bark NN bark on IN on the DT the lower JJR low trunk NN trunk often RB often is VBZ be bare JJ bare , , , which WDT which indicates VVZ indicate how WRB how high JJ high snow NN snow lies VVZ lie in IN in winter NN winter . SENT . [6-314 |]

[6-315 |] Bathe NP Bathe in IN in Tjødnane NP [6-316 |]

[6-317 |] Norway NP Norway is VBZ be rich JJ rich in IN in water NN water . SENT . [6-318 |] Here RB here there EX there are VBP be hundreds NNS hundred of IN of thousands NNS thousand of IN of large JJ large , , , medium JJ medium and CC and small JJ small lakes NNS lake , , , ponds NNS pond and CC and tarns NNS tarn . SENT . [6-319 |] This DT this is VBZ be due JJ due to TO to the DT the glaciers NNS glacier ' POS ' rough JJ rough excavation NN excavation and CC and scouring VVG scour of IN of bed NN bed rock NN rock through IN through hundreds NNS hundred of IN of thousands NNS thousand of IN of years NNS year . SENT . [6-320 |] Such JJ such uneven JJ uneven , , , rugged JJ rugged rock NN rock faces NNS face are VBP be found VVN find only RB only in IN in countries NNS country that WDT that have VHP have gone VVN go through IN through ice NN ice ages NNS age . SENT . [6-321 |] Vestlandet NP 's POS 's abundant JJ abundant precipitation NN precipitation throughout IN throughout the DT the year NN year ensures VVZ ensure that IN that the DT the lakes NNS lake never RB never are VBP be dry JJ dry . SENT . [6-322 |]

[6-323 |] In IN in summer NN summer , , , the DT the temperature NN temperature in IN in such JJ such shallow JJ shallow water NN water can MD can rise VV rise to TO to bathing VVG bath temperature NN temperature , , , as IN as the DT the sun NN sun warms VVZ warm both DT both water NN water and CC and the DT the surrounding VVG surround rock NN rock . SENT . [6-324 |] There EX There 's VBZ be little JJ little chance NN chance for IN for disturbing JJ disturbing fish NN fish in IN in these DT these lakes NNS lake , , , as IN as they PP they lack VVP lack spawning VVG spawn streams NNS stream and CC and moreover RB moreover the DT the water NN water has VHZ have a DT a low JJ low pH NN pH due JJ due to TO to acidic JJ acidic bedrock NN bedrock and CC and acid NN acid rain NN rain . SENT . [6-325 |]

[6-326 |] Most JJS most water NN water in IN in the DT the Norwegian NP Norwegian outdoors RB outdoors is VBZ be drinkable JJ drinkable , , , as RB as long RB long as IN as it PP it 's VBZ be flowing VVG flow and CC and it PP it appears VVZ appear to TO to be VB be clear JJ clear and CC and clean JJ clean . SENT . [6-327 |]

[6-328 |] Bedrock NN bedrock [6-329 |] The DT the rock NN rock you PP you walk VVP walk upon IN upon on IN on the DT the way NN way to TO to Preikestolen NP belongs VVZ belong to TO to the DT the Norwegian JJ Norwegian basement NN basement complex NN complex . SENT . [6-330 |] It PP it comprises VVZ comprise acidic JJ acidic granite NN granite and CC and gneiss NN gneiss formed VVD form several JJ several kilometers NNS kilometre down RB down in IN in the DT the earth NN earth 's POS 's crust NN crust more RBR more than IN than a DT a billion CD billion years NNS year ago RB ago . SENT . [6-331 |] Through IN through millions NNS million of IN of years NNS year , , , the DT the rock NN rock that WDT that lay VVD lie over IN over today NN today 's POS 's surface NN surface was VBD be worn VVN wear down RP down and CC and removed VVN remove by IN by eroding VVG erode forces NNS force , , , that WDT that is VBZ be , , , water NN water , , , wind NN wind , , , chemical NN chemical action NN action , , , and CC and not RB not least JJS least , , , glaciers NNS glacier . SENT . [6-332 |]

[6-333 |] Trail NN trail fork VV fork [6-334 |] 2 CD 2 trails NNS trail onward JJ onward to TO to Preikestolen VV [6-335 |] Here RB here the DT the trail NN trail divides VVZ divide in IN in two CD two . SENT . [6-336 |] You PP you can MD can either RB either follow VV follow the DT the left VVN leave trail NN trail and CC and approach NN approach Preikestolen NN along IN along a DT a mountain NN mountain ledge NN ledge . SENT . [6-337 |] Here RB here parts NNS part of IN of the DT the trail NN trail are VBP be safeguarded VVN safeguard by IN by wooden JJ wooden bridges NNS bridge . SENT . [6-338 |] You PP you also RB also can MD can turn VV turn right RB right on IN on to TO to the DT the new JJ new trail NN trail and CC and approach NN approach Preikestolen NN over IN over Neverdalsfjellet NP . SENT . [6-339 |] You PP you 'll MD will get VV get up RB up to TO to 645 CD @card@ meters NNS metre elevation NN elevation . SENT . [6-340 |] If IN if you PP you wish VVP wish , , , you PP you can MD can take VV take the DT the other JJ other trail NN trail back RB back , , , so RB so it PP it will MD will be VB be a DT a round NN round tour NN tour . SENT . [6-341 |] Here RB here we PP we have VHP have described VVN describe the DT the traditional JJ traditional left JJ left tour NN tour . SENT . [6-342 |]

[6-343 |] At IN at the DT the bridges NNS bridge [6-344 |]

[6-345 |] At IN at the DT the safety NN safety bridges NNS bridge , , , the DT the mountain NN mountain is VBZ be sheer JJ sheer down RB down to TO to the DT the lush JJ lush Neverdalen NP . SENT . [6-346 |]

[6-347 |] Pine NP Pine forests NNS forest and CC and sawmills NNS sawmill [6-348 |] It PP it was VBD be probably RB probably the DT the pine NN pine forests NNS forest that WDT that were VBD be the DT the economic JJ economic basis NN basis for IN for most JJS most farms NNS farm along IN along Lysefjorden NP , , , at IN at least JJS least from IN from the DT the 16th JJ 16th century NN century onwards RB onward . SENT . [6-349 |] The DT the forests NNS forest had VHD have grown VVN grow large JJ large through IN through centuries NNS century after IN after the DT the Black NP Black Death NN death . SENT . [6-350 |] Sawmills NNS sawmill were VBD be built VVN build at IN at waterfalls NNS waterfall . SENT . [6-351 |] From IN from the DT the 17th JJ 17th century NN century on IN on , , , pine VV pine logs NNS log from IN from Lysefjorden NP too RB too were VBD be a DT a vital JJ vital export NN export to TO to countries NNS country in IN in Europe NP Europe where WRB where ship NN ship building NN building required VVD require good JJ good raw JJ raw materials NNS material . SENT . [6-352 |] Moreover RB moreover , , , there EX there were VBD be set VVN set up IN up several JJ several slipways NNS slipway at IN at Lysebotn NP , , , Håhelle NP , , , and CC and Viga NP . SENT . [6-353 |] Lysefjord NP pines NNS pine were VBD be tall JJ tall , , , with IN with good JJ good , , , dense JJ dense crowns NNS crown that IN that suited VVN suit them PP them well RB well , , , among IN amongst other JJ other things NNS thing , , , for IN for ship NN ship masts NNS mast . SENT . [6-354 |]

[6-355 |] Mountain NN mountain ledges NNS ledge along IN along the DT the fjord NN fjord [6-356 |]

[6-357 |] Suddenly RB suddenly you PP you have VHP have Lysefjorden JJ right NN right underneath IN underneath you PP you . SENT . [6-358 |] The DT the last JJ last part NN part of IN of the DT the hike NN hike goes VVZ go over IN over a DT a narrow JJ narrow mountain NN mountain ledge NN ledge , , , 600 CD @card@ meters NNS metre above IN above the DT the fjord NN fjord . SENT . [6-359 |] Be VB be careful JJ careful . SENT . [6-360 |] Preikestolen NP 's POS 's plateau NN plateau is VBZ be 25 CD @card@ meters NNS metre x SYM x 25 CD @card@ meters NNS metre , , , and CC and it PP it hangs VVZ hang 604 CD @card@ meters NNS metre above IN above Lysefjorden NP . SENT . [6-361 |] It PP it was VBD be named VVN name when WRB when people NNS people from IN from Stavanger NP Stavanger discovered VVD discover this DT this distinctive JJ distinctive rock NN rock formation NN formation nearly RB nearly 100 CD @card@ years NNS year ago RB ago . SENT . [6-362 |] Locally RB locally it PP it has VHZ have had VHN have the DT the descriptive JJ descriptive name NN name " `` " Hyvlatonna NP " '' " - : - as IN as it PP it resembled VVD resemble the DT the shape NN shape of IN of the DT the blade NN blade in IN in a DT a plane NN plane . SENT . [6-363 |]

[6-364 |] Preikestolen NNS [6-365 |]

[6-366 |] Many JJ Many have VHP have regarded VVN regard Preikestolen JJ to TO to be VB be a DT a personal JJ personal challenge NN challenge . SENT . [6-367 |] Members NNS member of IN of Stavanger NP Stavanger Turnforening NP have VHP have performed VVN perform supple JJ supple handstands NNS handstand at IN at its PP$ its edge NN edge . SENT . [6-368 |] A DT a world-renowned NP world-renowned French JJ French acrobat NN acrobat sat VVD sit a DT a few JJ few years NNS year ago RB ago on IN on a DT a chair NN chair that WDT that was VBD be balanced VVN balance on IN on four CD four water NN water glasses NNS glass outermost JJ outermost at IN at the DT the edge NN edge . SENT . [6-369 |] The DT the Stavanger NP Stavanger Symphonic JJ symphonic Orchestra NN orchestra has VHZ have held VVN hold concerts NNS concert here RB here ; : ; Preikestol JJ rock NN rock is VBZ be a DT a known JJ known concept NN concept , , , and CC and weddings NNS wedding with IN with a DT a minister NN minister and CC and a DT a bridal JJ bridal veil NN veil have VHP have been VBN be conducted VVN conduct . SENT . [6-370 |] Each DT each year NN year , , , divine JJ divine services NNS service are VBP be held VVN hold on IN on Preikestolen NP . SENT . [6-371 |] But CC but the DT the steep JJ steep wall NN wall is VBZ be unsuitable JJ unsuitable for IN for rock NN rock climbing VVG climb or CC or base JJ base jumping VVG jump , , , because IN because of IN of loose JJ loose rock NN rock and CC and unpredictable JJ unpredictable updrafts NNS updraft . SENT . [6-372 |] So RB So you PP you should MD should preferably RB preferably try VV try Kjerag NP further VV further up RP up the DT the fjorden NN . SENT . [6-373 |]

[6-374 |] Trail VV trail round VV round [6-375 |] A DT a marked JJ marked trail NN trail shows VVZ show the DT the way NN way to TO to the DT the plateau NN plateau above IN above Preikestolen NP itself PP itself . SENT . [6-376 |] Many JJ Many go VVP go up RB up here RB here to TO to take VV take photographs NNS photograph . SENT . [6-377 |] The DT the trail NN trail continues VVZ continue over IN over Neverdalsfjellet NP and CC and down RB down on IN on the DT the other JJ other side NN side of IN of the DT the Preikestol NP trail NN trail close NN close by IN by Tjødnane NP . SENT . [6-378 |]

[6-379 |] What WP What is VBZ be a DT a fjord NN fjord ? SENT ? [6-380 |]

[6-381 |] Peneplanet NP and CC and Lysefjorden NP [6-382 |] Before IN before us PP us we PP we see VVP see several JJ several landscapes NNS landscape of IN of differing VVG differ ages NNS age . SENT . [6-383 |] The DT the mountains NNS mountain on IN on both DT both sides NNS side of IN of Lysefjorden NP are VBP be the DT the remains NNS remain of IN of an DT an old JJ old landscape NN landscape - : - a DT a peneplain NN peneplain ( ( ( = SYM = almost RB almost a DT a flat JJ flat ) ) ) . SENT . [6-384 |] This DT this flat JJ flat landscape NN landscape was VBD be formed VVN form 600 CD @card@ million CD million years NNS year ago RB ago and CC and lay VV lay at IN at sea NN sea level NN level . SENT . [6-385 |] Younger JJR young rock NN rock types NNS type can MD can have VH have been VBN be shoved VVN shove over IN over this DT this flat JJ flat landscape NN landscape during IN during the DT the Caledonian JJ Caledonian Orogeny NN orogeny 350 CD @card@ million CD million years NNS year ago RB ago . SENT . [6-386 |] Thereafter RB thereafter , , , these DT these mountains NNS mountain eroded VVD erode away RB away and CC and the DT the flat JJ flat landscape NN landscape was VBD be renewed VVN renew 60 CD @card@ million CD million years NNS year ago RB ago . SENT . [6-387 |] Since IN since then RB then , , , movements NNS movement in IN in the DT the Earth NN earth 's POS 's crust NN crust have VHP have thrust VVN thrust this DT this flat JJ flat landscape NN landscape up RB up to TO to the DT the level NN level of IN of today NN today , , , 7-900 CD @card@ meters NNS metre above IN above sea NN sea level NN level . SENT . [6-388 |]

[6-389 |] The DT the contrast NN contrast is VBZ be great JJ great to TO to the DT the deeply RB deeply cut VVN cut valleys NNS valley and CC and fjords NNS fjord . SENT . [6-390 |] Lysefjorden NP as IN as a DT a terrain NN terrane feature NN feature began VVD begin as IN as a DT a river NN river valley NN valley after IN after the DT the old JJ old flat JJ flat landscape NN landscape was VBD be thrust VVN thrust up RP up . SENT . [6-391 |] Rainwater NP Rainwater , , , streams NNS stream , , , and CC and rivers NNS river began VVD begin their PP$ their abrasive JJ abrasive action NN action . SENT . [6-392 |] Glacial JJ glacial action NN action [6-393 |] Through IN through the DT the ice NN ice ages NNS age - : - the DT the last JJ last 1-2 CD @card@ million CD million years NNS year - : - the DT the river NN river valley NN valley was VBD be broadened VVN broaden to TO to today NN today 's POS 's U-shaped JJ U-shaped valley NN valley . SENT . [6-394 |] Glaciers NNS glacier can MD can scour VV scour at IN at their PP$ their sides NNS side as IN as well RB well as RB as carve VV carve deeply RB deeply underneath IN underneath . SENT . [6-395 |] They PP they break VVP break off RP off blocks NNS block of IN of stone NN stone along IN along their PP$ their sides NNS side and CC and in IN in their PP$ their bases NNS base , , , they PP they scour VV scour rock NN rock flat RB flat and CC and transport VV transport most JJS most of IN of the DT the unconsolidated JJ unconsolidated material NN material away RB away . SENT . [6-396 |] Glaciers NNS glacier are VBP be the DT the most RBS most efficient JJ efficient shapers NNS shaper of IN of landscape NN landscape known VVN know . SENT . [6-397 |] They PP they tear VV tear down RB down , , , they PP they transport NN transport , , , and CC and they PP they build VVP build new JJ new landscape NN landscape along IN along the DT the sides NNS side of IN of the DT the glacier NN glacier . SENT . [6-398 |]

[6-399 |] Lysefjorden NP is VBZ be a DT a real JJ real fjord NN fjord ; : ; that WDT that is VBZ be , , , it PP it is VBZ be overdeepened JJ , , , has VHZ have a DT a threshold NN threshold at IN at its PP$ its entrance NN entrance , , , and CC and is VBZ be filled VVN fill with IN with salty JJ salty seawater NN seawater . SENT . [6-400 |] The DT the fjord NN fjord is VBZ be deepest JJS deep - : - 457 CD @card@ meter NN metre - : - at IN at Songesand NP , , , where WRB where it PP it changes VVZ change direction NN direction . SENT .