----------------------------------------------------------------- Comments: +++ I have no idea whether the subject and object could be reordered. Would child-ACC mother call-PAST be the same as mother child-ACC call-PAST You seem to state above that they can be. avan coora? unanaunnu he rice eat-PRES he is eating rive * unanaunnu avan coora? eat-PRES he rice is eating he rice +++ In this case, there is no case marking to indicate S and O So, perhaps the words can't be reordered here without changing meaning, but I'm not sure. Is that just because of some accident of the morphology of these words? I wouldn't be surprised either way, actually --- if the lack of overt case led to more restrictive word order or if it didn't. 1st and 2nd person plural includes an inclusive / exclusive modification as well, indicating if the object is in the group, or outside it. More specifically? What do you mean by "object"? What do you mean by "the group"? Pronouns do not agree with verbs in tense, since tense marking is on the verbs. Why would you expect pronouns to agree with verbs in tense? (You might expect tensed verbs to agree with their subjects, though.) There is no category for articles, but indefiniteness may be shown by oru, meaning one. Oru precedes the noun it is modifying. There are also demonstrative adjectives such as that, this, these, those, etc. Nouns may also be modified by quantifiers or numerals. Can 'oru' or the demonstrative adjectives appear between another adjective and the head noun? Is there any evidence that either 'oru' or the demonstrative adjectives appear in the same slot in the structure as the quantifiers? Are the post-nominal quantifiers in fact part of the NP consistuent, or are they rather associated with the verb?` Case Marking Adpositions - The grammar book I have talks about postpositional phrases, but these seem to be simple prepositional phrases. p. 120 Some examples it provides are: from the river to the sea with money The order seems to be noun postposition Postpositions are ones that come after the noun. So, I don't see the contrast to "simple prepositional phrases". On the other hand, these examples don't really look like case-marking adpositions. ++ Dropping Verbs: avan oru taiiccar aana? he a teacher be-PRES he is a teacher avan oru taiiccar he a teacher he is a teacher thanuppundu cold it is cold Any examples of dropped verbs which aren't copulas? What about direct objects? Can they be dropped as easily as subjects? According to R.E. Asher and T. C. Kumari, there is limited agreement between adjectives and the nouns they modify, and it only occurs if the noun has CASE human (HUM). The adjective is then modified for GEN and NUM. However, the examples show modification of the adjectives for other cases, so I don't understand that section of the grammar. I'll look at other materials to try to find other examples. CASE human is suspicious. Adjectives that only agree with animate nouns wouldn't be too surprising, but that's not a matter of case. Do verbs show any agreement with their subjects? If the pronouns are suppletive forms (the whole thing changes in different cases, as opposed to being able to identify case endings) you should use . in the glosses instead of -: enikke I.DAT or better: enikke 1sg.DAT Your files are in an interestig encoding, which I can't view inside emacs. Do you know how to get emacs to render them?