------------------------------------------------------- Comments I skipped Setential Negation, because while Hausa has adverbs which are used to negate the whole sentence, none of the options seemed to fit the positioning of these adverbs. The options given were to the right, left or either side of the category it modifies. Hause has both adverbs appearing at the start and finish of the sentence they're negating. I thought that the option for the adverb appearing on either side might work, but the sentence can't just have one negative particle, it has to have both. This is interesting. I see two basic possibilities. One is a special construction which is *ternary* branching (three daughters), and realizes the negative particles on each side and the sentence in the middle. There are no ternary branching rules in the matrix, so you'd have to either define some new supertypes or else inherit from a very bland supertype (e.g., headed-phrase, or maybe phrase) and put a lot of constraints on the type that defines your rule. The second possibility is to attach the negative particles one at a time with (for example) the head-complement rule. The result of attaching just one would need to be constrained from doing anything before the other one attached, probably. Some questions about this construction: 1. Is it the same in matrix v. subordinate clauses? 2. Is it the same in statements v. questions? 3. Can anything appear 'outside' the negative particles (before the first one or after the last one)? 4. Are the negative particles used for anything other than sentential negation, and if so, how are they realized in those other contexts? Are both still required? The answers to these questions should shed some light on what the best analysis is. For Coordination, I choose Polysyndeton, though Hausa also allows optional N-Polysyndeton (and occuring in front of the list of conjoined items). Are we going to consider 'or' (disjunction)? It behaves differently, in that it IS allowed to connect sentences (where 'and', 'dà' isn't)). It's not in the course plans.... I left blank the section on Yes-No Matrix Questions. Hausa uses four different methods of marking questions, from intonation, lengthening the last vowel of the last word, and adding various words (like the word or, 'koo')either sentence-initially or sentence-finally. I'm not sure which is used most often, as the reference grammar just describes all four. That's quite some variety! It sounds to me like the vowel lengthening is another kind of sentence-final marker: just one that is phonologically deficient (all it is is length, and it is dependent on the preceding vowel for the rest of its features). Alternatively, there might be an intonation-based analysis. At any rate, intonation questions come "for free". That the markers can come on either side is interesting. Do they ever appear together? Is each marker restricted to which side of the sentence it can appear on? For the basic lexicon, I added two nouns('girl' and 'soup'), a demonstrative ('that'), and two verbs ('came','cooked') with the appropriate-inflection PAC attached as a prefix. Auxiliaries would be difficult with a limited vocabulary since they take a inflectional PAC, but their complement VPs don't (I'm counting these verbs as having a 'zero' form PAC). Actually, the script is set up for this --- that's why it asks whether the verb has a special form for when it appears as the complement to an auxiliary. Your grammar gives two errors when it loads. Be sure to watch the LKB top window and address any errors that appear, even if the grammar seems to load successfully. (These both have to do with lexical entries.) (It looked like a stray string from tsdb++ got into your lexicon file. Perhaps you were visiting that buffer and inadvertently pasted something in?) When I first tried to parsing one of the sample sentences from the starter-grammar, it didn't work because of the format I used to list the verbs. My testsuite was set up to separate the PAC from the verb with a dash and didn't accept that as one word. The basic sentence I was trying (that girl came, 'wata yaarinyàa taazoo') was covered by the head-complement rule, and parsed as I expected it to. It had a NP-VP tree structure, with the NP expanded into a D and N. I'm not sure why it produced two parses, and I can't see the difference from the parse chart, because both parses have a HEAD-SPEC being the mother of DETERMINER-LEX and NOUN-LEX. Examining the "derivations" column from Browse > Results, it appears that at the time you had a typo in your lexical entry for wani so that it was also spelled 'wata'. So, there were two possible edges for the substring 'wata', giving two possible edges for everything above that. This error appears to be fixed in the grammar that you handed in though. When you turn in labs, please only include two tsdb++ profiles, the 'before' snap shot and the 'after' snapshot. I realized that most of the errors came from pronouns not being in the lexicon, so the biggest improvement I could make in coverage is to add them. To do this, I'd have to add the full case system information to the feature structures of the pronouns, so that the object pronouns are not allowed in subject positions, or as direct objects when an indirect object is present (without an indirect object, pronouns acting as direct objects take the object form). An alternative would be to restructure a lot of my examples to not include pronouns. I think this would be a smarter way to improve coverage, and would help reveal more about what grammar rules need to be written. It might change the ratio of grammatical to ungrammatical sentences, since regular nouns can occur as subjects or direct objects (indirect objects are marked by a particle). But since we're tackling case and pronouns this week anyway... abantwana := noun-lex & [ STEM < "abantwana" >, SYNSEM.LKEYS.KEYREL.PRED "_children_n_rel" ] . The PRED name shouldn't show the number information. We'll be recording that separately in the NUM value.