---------------------------------------------- Comments Did you add test suite examples illustrating the possible orders of different qualificatives? 3) Argument optionality in Zulu gets pretty complicated. All declarative verbs must agree with their subjects. The subject is therefore optional. The correlation between agreement and pro-drop is not perfect, so I think 'therefore' might be a bit strong. 6) There is a class of words called qualificatives in Zulu, which includes adjectives, relatives, and enumeratives. Adjectives and enumeratives are very small and apparently closed classes, while relatives have a mechanism for building new modifiers out of verbs. Qualificatives agree with the noun the modify. They can be used nominally, e.g. 'umu-fana omu-de' means 'the tall boy' and 'omu-de' by itself means 'the tall one'. Adjectives occur on the Cut off in mid-sentence? What about adverbs? Your adverb (kakhulu) seems to be underconstrained in what it modifies. [HEAD verb] is compatible with V, VP and S... With ditransitive verbs it gets even more complex. There is only allowed to be one object marker on the verb. In the basic form of ditransitive verbs, both objects are present, and the indirect object is both closer to the verb and it agrees with the object concord (if applicable). However, the indirect object is optional, in which case the object concord can agree with the direct object. This is all hard to model because with ditransitives pretty much any ordering of the arguments is acceptible in some contexts, but with slightly different semantics (e.g. topicalization). It was especially hard to make good test sentences because pretty much everything is grammatical somehow. Most of my effort in this assignment went into finding out about ditransitives, because the books I had did not cover them in the detail I needed. Unfortunately, once I finally knew what was going on, I didn't have much time to get them working in the actual grammar. 4) I did not make any new types in particular to get object optionality working. Eventually I will need to make a new type for ditransitives because one of their arguments is optional. It looks like it might be a hairy mess, though, to get the object concord to agree with the second thing on the comps list. I think it comes down to making a second series of obj concord rules, where the noun class constraints go on the second argument. But wait, is it always the first argument that is agreed with? Can you have S verb-agreeing-with-IO (dropped IO) DO S verb-agreeing-with-DO (dropped DO) IO Or is it just S verb-agreeing-with-IO IO DO S verb-agreeing with-DO DO IO And what about S verb-agreeing-with IO S verb-agreeing-with DO I think this is doable, but you don't provide enough detail in your write up for me to understand the pattern... Can the relative modifiers also be used without a head noun? If that's the case, I think what you want is a phrase structure rule which takes an adjective-like daughter and returns and N' over that daughter. This could potentially apply to the demonstratives and all of the qualificatives. 8) For adjectives, my test suite mostly contains positive examples of a few adjectives agreeing with nouns of various classes. As the rules were just modified versions of my other agreement rules, I didn't feel it was necessary to put in negative agreement examples. I did put in one where I attempted to modify a first-person pronoun, and one with the adjective in front of the noun. These all currently parse as expected. You'd be surprised at what the negative examples can do, though. The mistaken agreement adjective example could, say, parse with the adjective attaching (mistakenly) to some other constituent... I am unhappy that I got so little done this week. I spent most of the time trying to find out about ditransitive verbs. The information I had was vague and confusing, and I had trouble finding anything concrete. I didn't find the book about double object constructions until midday on Sunday. This was a depressing assignment. :( One strategy is to move on to other parts of the assignment if you're stuck on one...